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A New Explicit Solver for MODFLOW Enabling Small Time Step Simulations. 一种新的MODFLOW显式求解器,支持小时间步长模拟。
Pub Date : 2025-04-09 DOI: 10.1111/gwat.13483
Babak Azari, Brian Waldron, Farhad Jazaei

Surface water (SW) and groundwater (GW) models, such as MODFLOW and HEC-RAS, have been explored to simulate the complexities of SW-GW interactions. However, individual models are not capable of capturing the full complexity of these interactions. To overcome individual models' shortcomings, researchers introduced the model coupling concept. This concept helps compensate for each individual model's shortcomings and incorporates the models' advantages. However, challenges arise from temporal scale disparities between SW and GW models. To tackle the temporal scale issue, this study introduces the novel explicit solver (EXP1) for MODFLOW 2005, enabling GW modeling using small time steps matching SW models (i.e., 15 min) by reducing runtime and computational burden. The EXP1 solver incorporates an integrated stability criterion to ensure the stability of explicit schemes, and it was systematically evaluated against the Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient (PCG) solver across various scenarios, including a 1-dimensional, 2-dimensional, and a vast 3-dimensional model. Results demonstrated the efficiency and accuracy of EXP1 in predicting groundwater heads and water budget, along with considerably reduced runtimes of up to 33% compared with the PCG solver, with less than 0.4% discrepancy in the water budget. These findings underscore the effectiveness of EXP1 in facilitating groundwater small time step simulations and bridging the temporal scale gap between SW and GW models.

地表水(SW)和地下水(GW)模型,如MODFLOW和HEC-RAS,已经被用来模拟SW-GW相互作用的复杂性。然而,单个模型不能捕获这些交互的全部复杂性。为了克服单个模型的不足,研究者引入了模型耦合的概念。这个概念有助于弥补每个模型的缺点,并结合模型的优点。然而,在时间尺度上,SW和GW模型之间的差异带来了挑战。为了解决时间尺度问题,本研究为MODFLOW 2005引入了新的显式求解器(EXP1),通过减少运行时间和计算负担,使GW建模使用与SW模型相匹配的小时间步长(即15分钟)。EXP1求解器包含一个集成的稳定性准则,以确保显式方案的稳定性,并在各种场景下(包括一维,二维和巨大的三维模型)对Preconditioned共轭梯度(PCG)求解器进行了系统评估。结果表明,EXP1在预测地下水水头和水量预算方面具有效率和准确性,与PCG求解器相比,运行时间减少了33%,水量预算差异小于0.4%。这些发现强调了EXP1在促进地下水小时间步长模拟和弥合SW和GW模型之间的时间尺度差距方面的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Neonicotinoids in Groundwater: Persistent Contaminants and Unresolved Risks. 地下水中的新烟碱类:持久性污染物和未解决的风险。
Pub Date : 2025-03-29 DOI: 10.1111/gwat.13481
Carla Romano
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引用次数: 0
Matrix Diffusion Controls Mountain Hillslope Groundwater Ages and Inferred Storage Dynamics. 基质扩散控制山区山坡地下水年龄和推断存储动态。
Pub Date : 2025-03-29 DOI: 10.1111/gwat.13475
Nicholas E Thiros, Erica R Woodburn, W Payton Gardner, James P Dennedy-Frank, Kenneth H Williams

Groundwater age distributions provide fundamental insights on coupled water and biogeochemical processes in mountain watersheds. Field-based studies have found mixtures of young and old-aged groundwater in mountain catchments underlain by bedrock; yet, the processes that dictate these groundwater age distributions are poorly understood. In this work, we use the coupled ParFlow-CLM integrated hydrologic and EcoSLIM particle tracking models to simulate groundwater age distributions on a lower montane hillslope in the East River Watershed, Colorado (USA). We develop a convolution-based approach to propagate fracture-matrix diffusion processes to the EcoSLIM advection-dominated age distributions. We compare observed 3H and 4He concentrations from two groundwater wells against model predictions that have varying advective transport times and matrix diffusion magnitudes. Based on a Monte Carlo analysis that considers uncertain matrix and fracture parameters, we find that matrix diffusion is needed to jointly predict 3H and 4He observations at both wells. The advection-dominated age distributions lack adequate mixing of young and old-aged water to capture the observed co-occurrence of 3H and 4He. The model scenario that best matches the 3H, 4He, and water level observations when considering both advective flowpath and matrix diffusion mixing processes has a dynamic bedrock groundwater reservoir that is susceptible to considerable storage losses during low-snow periods. This dynamic groundwater system amplifies the need to assimilate deeper bedrock groundwater into watershed hydro-biogeochemical predictions. This work further highlights the importance of considering matrix diffusion when interpreting environmental tracers in bedrock groundwater systems.

地下水年龄分布提供了对山地流域水与生物地球化学耦合过程的基本认识。实地研究发现,基岩下的山区集水区混合了年轻和年老的地下水;然而,人们对决定这些地下水年龄分布的过程知之甚少。在这项工作中,我们使用耦合的ParFlow-CLM综合水文和EcoSLIM颗粒跟踪模型来模拟美国科罗拉多州东河流域低山地山坡上的地下水年龄分布。我们开发了一种基于卷积的方法,将裂缝-基质扩散过程传播到EcoSLIM平流主导的年龄分布。我们比较了两个地下水井观测到的3H和4He浓度与具有不同平流输送时间和基质扩散幅度的模型预测。基于考虑不确定基质和裂缝参数的蒙特卡罗分析,我们发现需要基质扩散来联合预测两口井的3H和4He观测值。平流主导的年龄分布缺乏足够的年轻水和老年水的混合,无法捕捉到3H和4He的共存。在考虑平流流道和基质扩散混合过程时,与3H、4He和水位观测最匹配的模型情景具有一个动态基岩地下水水库,该水库在低雪期容易受到相当大的储存损失。这种动态地下水系统放大了将深层基岩地下水吸收到流域水文生物地球化学预测中的必要性。这项工作进一步强调了在解释基岩地下水系统中的环境示踪剂时考虑基质扩散的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Model-Based Approach to Determine Critical Design Parameters for Tandem Circulation Well Remediation Systems. 基于模型确定串联循环井修复系统关键设计参数的方法。
Pub Date : 2025-03-27 DOI: 10.1111/gwat.13479
Shuting Yang, Zhang Wen, Qi Zhu, Songhu Yuan, Yiming Li

Aerobic bioremediation enhanced by tandem circulation well (TCW)-generated aeration in a groundwater circulation systems has emerged as a novel, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective remediation approach with growing recognition. For TCW, previous investigations have been limited to few laboratory experiments, simulation precision, acquisition of reaction kinetic parameters, and effective guidance for technology optimization. In this work, we employed regionalized sensitivity analysis with Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) to identify the most sensitive parameters in laboratory TCW experiments, reducing the number of parameters to estimate. The estimated parameters were utilized to construct a reactive transport model with periodic boundary conditions, enhancing its universality for in-situ trichloroethylene (TCE) bioremediation through electrolysis considering mutual interactions among well clusters. The results revealed the influence mechanisms of the operating parameters and well spacing on remediation performance. Besides, it was found that degradation efficiency was limited by DO oversaturation in the wellbore. However, it could be promoted by optimization of operation parameters, using an optimization index, the ratio of current to pumping rate ( α $$ alpha $$ ). Finally, simulation results implied two suggestions for well spacing: (1) Designing a remediation site with a higher aspect ratio will enhance the performance of this technology. (2) With a larger area, both current intensity and pumping rate need to be proportionally increased in alignment with the enlarged area to ensure optimal efficiency. This work improves the precision of characterizing the TCW system, guiding the determination of reaction kinetics parameters and optimization of critical design parameters, including operational parameters and well spacing, in remediation sites, thereby achieving superior remediation performance in field applications.

地下水循环系统中由串联循环井(TCW)产生的曝气增强的好氧生物修复技术已成为一种新颖、环保、经济的修复方法,并得到越来越多的认可。对于TCW,以往的研究仅限于少量的实验室实验,模拟精度,反应动力学参数的获取,以及对工艺优化的有效指导。在这项工作中,我们采用拉丁超立方体采样(LHS)的区域敏感性分析来识别实验室TCW实验中最敏感的参数,减少了需要估计的参数数量。利用估计参数构建了具有周期边界条件的反应输运模型,提高了该模型在考虑井簇间相互作用的电解原位三氯乙烯生物修复中的通用性。研究结果揭示了作业参数和井距对修复效果的影响机理。此外,还发现降解效率受到井筒中DO过饱和的限制。但可以通过优化操作参数,即电流与抽气量之比(α $$ alpha $$)来提高效率。最后,模拟结果对井距提出了两点建议:(1)设计高纵横比的修复场地将提高该技术的性能。(2)当面积增大时,电流强度和抽速均需随面积增大而成比例增大,以保证效率最优。这项工作提高了TCW体系表征的精度,指导了修复现场反应动力学参数的确定和关键设计参数(包括操作参数和井距)的优化,从而在现场应用中实现了卓越的修复性能。
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引用次数: 0
Consideration of Grid Cell Size to Represent Stream Networks for the Conterminous United States.
Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1111/gwat.13484
Brandon J Fleming, Kenneth Belitz, Courtney D Killian
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引用次数: 0
Breakthrough Curve Separation Using Applied Solute Tracers.
Pub Date : 2025-03-18 DOI: 10.1111/gwat.13480
Charles J Paradis, Rakiba Sultana, Martin A Dangelmayr, Raymond H Johnson, Ronald D Kent

The separation of advection and dispersion from the breakthrough curve of a potentially reactive solute can help determine if reactive transport mechanisms occurred. This is typically done by solving the advection-dispersion equation and fitting the breakthrough curve of an applied non-reactive solute tracer by adjusting groundwater velocity and the dispersion coefficient; the values of velocity and dispersion are then applied to the breakthrough curve of the potentially reactive solute, and any residuals can be fitted with the appropriate reactive transport mechanisms. A simpler approach is to plot the dimensionless relative concentrations of the non-reactive and reactive solutes on the same breakthrough curves; thus, any differences between the two curves can be attributed to reactive transport. The method proposed here can allow for separating advection and dispersion from the breakthrough curve of a potentially reactive solute based on data only, as opposed to model-derived fitting of groundwater velocity and dispersion, all while preserving the true concentration, as opposed to the dimensionless relative concentration, of the potentially reactive solute. A new measure of overall solute reactivity is also introduced that summates relative temporal moments to quantify and rank the reactivity of a suite of solutes. The method is described and applied to numerical model simulations and field tracer data to demonstrate its utility for combined visual-quantitative breakthrough curve separation to better characterize reactive solute transport in applied tracer studies.

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引用次数: 0
Using Advective Transport Phenomena to Account for Uncertainty of Conductivity in Monitoring Design. 在监测设计中利用平流传输现象考虑传导性的不确定性。
Pub Date : 2025-03-14 DOI: 10.1111/gwat.13467
Willem J de Lange

Engineering practice in monitoring design aims at the optimum number of observation wells needed to assess the growth of a contaminated volume groundwater, the plume. Available methodologies rely on a combination of a numerical groundwater transport model, GIS-techniques and an optimization technique and require a relative huge amount of data and computer resources. The method of advective transport phenomena enables to calculate the longitudinal and vertical growth of a contaminant plume along the flow path by simple analytic expressions using only three stochastic parameters, the log conductivity variance and the horizontal and vertical characteristic lengths, that together describe the heterogeneity of the aquifer. In previous work, the calculated plume growth has been verified in 12 large experiments all over the world. The method is used to investigate the relationship between uncertainty in the conductivity variation and the plume growth by calculation of the spreading of water particles in a vertical section along the traveled path. In a very heterogeneous aquifer, virtually all water particles spread forward about equally generating a limited forward growth compared to the traveled distance that is not sensitive to uncertainty in the conductivity. In a nearly homogenous aquifer, only a part of the water particles is spread forward, which is repeated at different depths along the traveled path causing significant uncertainty in the position and length of the plume growth. Therefore, an observation network should be designed more densely in a homogeneous aquifer than in a heterogeneous one. A calculation tool is provided.

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引用次数: 0
Information-Driven Sequential Inversion for Transient Hydraulic Tomography. 用于瞬态水文断层成像的信息驱动顺序反演。
Pub Date : 2025-03-12 DOI: 10.1111/gwat.13476
Prem Chand Muraharirao, B V N P Kambhammettu, Ramdas Pinninti, Chandramouli Sangamreddi

Transient hydraulic tomography (THT) is proven to be effective in representing hydraulic and storage properties in diverse hydrogeologic settings. Sequential inversion of THT is computationally efficient, however, its accuracy is constrained by the number and sequence of pumping datasets used in the inversion. While signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is commonly used to regulate the order of pumping datasets, it often disregards the information content. We propose an alternate strategy to rank the pumping ports based on the information contained in the data for use with inversion. A non-parametric Gringorten plotting position was used to generate cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) of the transient datasets, with the CDF corresponding to the maximum drawdown port set as a reference. The Kullback-Leibler divergence (KLD) is employed to quantify variations in time-drawdown datasets by statistically measuring the divergence from the reference distribution. Pumping ports are then ranked in the decreasing order of KLD and further used in the inversion. The proposed methodology is tested under a controlled environment using a laboratory sandbox model. Discrete wavelet transform (DWT) was applied to denoise the raw pumping datasets, and PEST coupled with MODFLOW was used to perform the inversion. The performance of KLD-assisted inversion (RMSEKLD = 0.278 ± 0.177 cm) is found to be superior to SNR-assisted inversion (RMSESNR = 1.075 ± 0.990 cm). Further, a reduction in THT data (by 68%) by specifying a threshold on KLD (>10) has drastically reduced the computational time (by 64%) with commensurable accuracy (RMSEKLDF = 0.265 ± 0.121 cm). Our findings lead to the conclusion that sequential inversion of THT with information-driven datasets outperforms quality-driven datasets, even with reduced pump-test data.

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引用次数: 0
Hydrogeologic Heterogeneity Impacts on Fresh-Saltwater Interaction in Jeju Volcanic Island, Korea.
Pub Date : 2025-03-10 DOI: 10.1111/gwat.13472
Chang-Seong Koh, Eun-Hee Koh, Won-Bae Park, Min-Choel Kim

Jeju volcanic island of South Korea is characterized by hydrogeological heterogeneity, which has resulted in complex environments in a coastal aquifer system. The shape of the fresh-saltwater transition zone (FSTZ) and depth-dependent tidal influences on fresh-saltwater interaction in the eastern part of Jeju Island were examined by assessing geological logs from drilling cores, vertical profiles of specific conductance (SC) and temperature from geophysical logging, and performing time series analysis of groundwater level and multi-depth SC (collected from multiple sensors installed at various borehole depths). A sharp interface and step-like FSTZ were developed in the hyaloclastite and lava layers, respectively. The tidal influences on groundwater levels were highly associated with the distance from the coastline; however, SC data revealed different responses to tidal changes according to depth. Based on these data, we propose a conceptual hydrogeological model that incorporates different volcanic structures, including hyaloclastite and lava layers. Conduit flow through the highly permeable hyaloclastite layers led to the development of a sharp interface of FSTZ and disturbed the tidal signals on SC by acting as a preferential pathway for fast and abundant fresh groundwater discharge. Conversely, in the lava layers characterized by the successive formation of high- and low-permeability layers, boundary flows in the geological boundaries created a step-like FSTZ and showed a relatively high association between the tide and SC. This study highlights the crucial role of hydrogeological heterogeneity in determining the complex behaviors of fresh-saltwater interactions in the coastal aquifers of volcanic regions.

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引用次数: 0
Generating a Statistically Constrained Quaternary Model of a Buried Bedrock Valley Using FDEM.
Pub Date : 2025-03-07 DOI: 10.1111/gwat.13478
C Gorrie, C M Steelman, O Conway-White, A Smiarowski, E Arnaud, B L Parker

An airborne electromagnetic (AEM) survey was conducted using the Resolve™ frequency-domain system over a buried bedrock valley near Elora, Ontario, Canada. A statistical bootstrapping approach was used to establish a relationship between the electrical resistivity from spatially interpolated one-dimensional AEM resistivity models and the lithostratigraphy of Quaternary sediments logged in continuously cored holes located within and adjacent to the buried bedrock valley. Three lithology types were classified using a bootstrapping approach: (i) clay, (ii) sandy to muddy diamicton with the presence of clasts, and (iii) sand/gravel. The statistically derived ranges in electrical resistivity from the model were used to generate a lithostratigraphic model of the Quaternary deposits along the valley axis. The resulting lithology model differentiated more electrically resistive coarse-grained sand and gravel from electrically conductive finer-grained clay-rich tills; but was not able to resolve interbedded layers associated with complex fluvial deposits. Modeled Quaternary deposit architecture and bedrock morphology along two transects orthogonal to the valley axis were consistent with co-located surface electrical resistivity tomography models and borehole natural gamma logs, indicating that the AEM method, when calibrated using high-quality continuous-core logs, can support quantitative conceptualizations of complex Quaternary architecture within and around a buried bedrock valley. Key limitations in this approach were the reduced vertical resolution of the AEM method and the inability to resolve thinly bedded layers (meter scale) identified in the core logs that may have a hydrogeologic influence. This study demonstrates the utility of combining airborne electrical methods with high-resolution geological logs through statistical analysis to constrain hydrostratigraphic architecture at scales relevant to municipal groundwater flow systems.

{"title":"Generating a Statistically Constrained Quaternary Model of a Buried Bedrock Valley Using FDEM.","authors":"C Gorrie, C M Steelman, O Conway-White, A Smiarowski, E Arnaud, B L Parker","doi":"10.1111/gwat.13478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.13478","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An airborne electromagnetic (AEM) survey was conducted using the Resolve™ frequency-domain system over a buried bedrock valley near Elora, Ontario, Canada. A statistical bootstrapping approach was used to establish a relationship between the electrical resistivity from spatially interpolated one-dimensional AEM resistivity models and the lithostratigraphy of Quaternary sediments logged in continuously cored holes located within and adjacent to the buried bedrock valley. Three lithology types were classified using a bootstrapping approach: (i) clay, (ii) sandy to muddy diamicton with the presence of clasts, and (iii) sand/gravel. The statistically derived ranges in electrical resistivity from the model were used to generate a lithostratigraphic model of the Quaternary deposits along the valley axis. The resulting lithology model differentiated more electrically resistive coarse-grained sand and gravel from electrically conductive finer-grained clay-rich tills; but was not able to resolve interbedded layers associated with complex fluvial deposits. Modeled Quaternary deposit architecture and bedrock morphology along two transects orthogonal to the valley axis were consistent with co-located surface electrical resistivity tomography models and borehole natural gamma logs, indicating that the AEM method, when calibrated using high-quality continuous-core logs, can support quantitative conceptualizations of complex Quaternary architecture within and around a buried bedrock valley. Key limitations in this approach were the reduced vertical resolution of the AEM method and the inability to resolve thinly bedded layers (meter scale) identified in the core logs that may have a hydrogeologic influence. This study demonstrates the utility of combining airborne electrical methods with high-resolution geological logs through statistical analysis to constrain hydrostratigraphic architecture at scales relevant to municipal groundwater flow systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":94022,"journal":{"name":"Ground water","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Ground water
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