Journal of B.U.ON. : official journal of the Balkan Union of Oncology最新文献

Purpose: Salvage therapy represents a rescue therapy, given after the first line of treatment had failed.The purpose of this study was to review the outcomes of patients who underwent salvage laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (sLRP) in our department and to review current published studies.

Methods: Our mini-series consisted of 6 patients with recurrent prostate cancer(PCa) after non-surgical primary treatment. All interventions were performed by a single surgeon from the Oncological Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta" Cluj Napoca, Romania.A literature review was carried out in June 2020 using the PubMed and MEDLINE databases to identify relevant studies published in the literature between 2000 and 2020. Six papers were selected for our review.We reviewed the oncological and functional outcomes of patients that underwent sLRP.

Results: Extraperitoneal sLRP was performed in 6 patients. Biochemical failure after primary treatment developed between one and five years. Mean operative time was 135.5 min, mean blood loss was 328 ml. No intraoperative complications occurred and no conversions to open surgery. R0 was achieved in 5 out of the 6 patients (83.5%). Out of the 6 patients 2 are incontinent.

Conclusions: SLRP remains an underused procedure and a missed therapeutic opportunity for selected patients. From published data and personal experience, we conclude that in experienced hands sLRP for localized prostate cancer is a feasible, safe and efficient method to treat recurrent PCa. Short-term oncological outcomes are optimistic but further studies need to be made to observe the long-term outcomes.

Purpose: To evaluate mismatch repair (MMR) status in a series of high-grade endometrial carcinomas and correlate it with several clinicopathological characteristics and with survival.

Methods: One hundred and one patients with high-grade endometrial carcinoma, both of endometrioid and of non-endometrioid type were included in the study. The expression of MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry.

Results: In our cohort, 41 women had an endometrioid and 60 women a non-endometrioid carcinoma. Endometrioid histotype was statistically more frequent in deficient MMR (dMMR) tumors (73.3%), while non-endometrioid carcinomas in proficient (pMMR) cases (73.8%) (p<0.001). When analyzing the group of endometrioid and non-endometrioid carcinomas separately, only dMMR endometrioid cancers were found to be statistically related to deep myometrial invasion, lymph-node metastases and advanced stage (p=0.035, p=0.011 and p=0.028, respectively). Univariate and multivariate analysis revealed no relation between MMR status and progression-free survival (PFS) or overall survival (OS). Adjuvant treatment was not found to influence the course of the disease. When MMR proteins were studied separately, MLH1/PMS2 loss was related to deep myometrial invasion (p=0.019 and p=0.036, respectively) and MSH6 loss to lymph-node metastases (p=0.04).

Conclusions: In our group of high-grade endometrial carcinomas, MMR deficiency was statistically more frequent in endometrioid than in non-endometrioid cancers. Furthermore, only dMMR endometrioid type grade 3 carcinomas were found to be related with features indicative of aggressive behavior. Considering some unique relation of each MMR protein with distinct clinicopathological features, the assessment of all four proteins is proposed.

Purpose: Pancreatic cancer causes considerable mortality across the globe and the treatment options for pancreatic cancer are limited. Besides, the development of drug resistance among the pancreatic cancer cells makes it even difficult to manage. In this study the anticancer effects of mangiferin were examined against the Mia-PaCa2 gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cells.

Materials/methods: Cell proliferation was examined by MTT assay while as apoptosis was detected by fluorescent microscopy and western blot. Effects on cell cycle, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were evaluated by flow cytometry. The fact that mangiferin induced autophagy was demonstrated by fluorescent microscopy in combination with western blot method.

Results: The results revealed that mangiferin inhibited the growth of the Mia-PaCa2 cells and exhibited an IC50 of 10 µM. Nonetheless, the toxic effects of mangiferin were less on the normal cells. Mangiferin induces apoptosis in the Mia-PaCa2 cells which was associated with enhancement of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Further investigations revealed that mangiferin triggered autophagy in the Mia-PaCa2 cells as evident from the elevated expressions of the LC3 II and Beclin-1. The antiproliferative effects of mangiferin were also accompanied by the generation of endogenous ROS and cell cycle arrest. Investigation of the effects of mangiferin on the invasion and migration of the Mia-PaCa2 cells showed that mangiferin suppressed the migration and invasion potential of the Mia-PaCa2 cells.

Conclusions: These findings suggest that mangiferin could be utilised for the development of chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer provided further in depth experiments are carried out along with its toxicological studies.

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to detect the expression of miR-489 in pancreatic cancer (PC) tissues and cells, and to explore the effects of miR-489 on cell proliferation and apoptosis of human PC cells and to also uncover the underlying mechanism.

Methods: miR-489 expression was assessed by quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in PC tissues and PANC-1 and HPDE6-C7 cell lines. The binding-site predictions by bioinformatics showed that AKT Serine/Threonine Kinase 3 (AKT3) might be a potential target of miR-489. AKT3 expression in PC tissues and cells was detected by qRT-PCR, luciferase report assay and Western blotting assay were used to verify the rationality of the target gene. The biological role of miR-489 on cell proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis were determined in PANC-1 cells by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay and flow cytometry after transfection with miR-NC, miR-489 mimics and si-AKT3.

Results: Compared with normal adjacent tissues and normal pancreatic cells, the expression of miR-489 was markedly down-regulated in PC tissues and cells. AKT3 was considered as a downstream gene of miR-489 and it was found that the expression levels of miR-489 and AKT3 were inversely proportional to each other, which was further confirmed by luciferase and Western blot assays. In subsequent experiments, up-regulation of miR-489 by transfection with miR-489 mimics significantly inhibited cell proliferation, blocked the G1/S transition and induced cell apoptosis of PANC-1 cells. However, overexpression of AKT3 significantly counteracted the biological effects of miR-489.

Conclusions: Our findings indicate that up-regulation of miR-489 could suppress PC cell proliferation and facilitate cell apoptosis through targeting AKT3. miR-489 and AKT3 might serve as potential targets in the therapy of PC.

Derived from the Greek word Panacea that means 'cure for all', Ginseng (Panax) has had an important place in Chinese Medicine for many of years. As the name suggests, it is believed to be a miraculous plant effective in the treatment of many health problems. It is claimed to have many effects such as sedative, hypnotic, aphrodisiac, antidepressant, diuretic, and stimulating effects, and to be effective in the treatment of certain health problems such as diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, erectile dysfunction and infections. In addition, its effects on the prevention and treatment of cancer as well as on the reduction of cancer-related symptoms have been prioritized in recent years. However, the studies that have been done so far do not confirm these effects. Although certain favorable results have been obtained in some studies intended for investigating its effects on acute nasopharyngitis, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and erectile dysfunction, it is early to say anything conclusive. And in cancer patients, it has been shown to be effective in reducing weakness due to cancer and its treatment. On the other hand, ginseng may cause important drug interactions, although it is described as a relatively safe product. For now, it seems to be reasonable to use ginseng only for cancer-related weakness in cancer patients at this point. But this should definitely be done within the knowledge and under the control of oncologists.

Purpose: Survival after curative resection of pancreatic, ampullary and lower common bile duct cancer remains very poor. The aim of this study was to assess important prognostic factors in patients with resectable pancreatic cancer.

Methods: From 2006 to 2010, 156 patients underwent pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) for malignancies of pancreatic, ampullary or lower common bile duct in our institution. Based on the inclusion criteria 101 patients were selected in our retrospective statistical analysis. Of these 101 cases of malignancies, 65.4% were located in the pancreatic head, 18.8% in the ampulla and 15.8% in the lower bile duct. 48.5% of patients underwent classical PD, and 51.5% pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy (PPPD). Clinical and pathological data were collected, Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate prognostic factors.

Results: Multivariate analysis revealed that blood transfusion, vascular invasion, T4 vs T1 stage, and R0 resection margins were significant negative predictors of survival. Conversely, ampullary (vs pancreatic ductal) and adjuvant chemotherapy were significantly associated with longer survival. Lymph node ratio (LNR), in all its forms, was not found to have a significant effect on survival. For all patients, tumor grading (p=0.042), resection margins (p=0.004), T stage (p=0.001), perineural invasion (p=0.029), vascular invasion (p=0.007) and age >65 years (p=0.009) were factors that impacted survival.

Conclusion: Surgical resection margins, tumor grade, T stage, perineural invasion, vascular invasion, age >65 and adjuvant chemotherapy are the strongest predictors of survival after surgical resection of pancreatic, ampullary and lower common bile duct cancer. In this series, lymph node ratio did not impact survival.