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Monitoring and management of the Nearctic leafhopper Scaphoideus titanus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in Italian vineyards. 意大利葡萄园中近地叶蝉 Scaphoideus titanus(半翅目:蝉科)的监测与管理。
Pub Date : 2024-12-28 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toae250
Bruno Bagnoli, Renato Ricciardi, Livia De Fazi, Giordana D'Anna, Piero Braccini, Giovanni Benelli, Andrea Lucchi

The Nearctic leafhopper Scaphoideus titanus Ball (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) is the main vector of the grapevine flavescence dorée (FD) phytoplasmas in Europe. To limit the impact of pest control activities on human health and the environment, EU legislation is withdrawing a growing number of active ingredients (a.i.), highlighting the need to evaluate alternative S. titanus management tools. In this context, we carried out a three-year (2021-2023) study in Italian vineyards characterized by high S. titanus populations. We compared the effectiveness of different insecticide-based strategies, i.e., targeting only nymphs (2021) or nymphs and adults (2022-2023), by spraying some of the currently allowed products (i.e., flupyradifurone, acetamiprid, sulfoxaflor, etofenprox, deltamethrin, and pyrethrins). The effectiveness of insecticide-based treatments was evaluated in terms of adult catches on yellow sticky traps. Furthermore, to achieve useful insights for optimizing current monitoring tools, we compared S. titanus catches on sticky traps of five different colors (i.e., yellow, green, blue, black, and white), as well as those achieved with two types of currently marketed yellow sticky traps. Results showed that etofenprox, deltamethrin, and sulfoxaflor were the most effective products for reducing S. titanus adult populations (33.64%, 30.30%, and 31.26%, respectively). Yellow and green sticky traps were more attractive to S. titanus adults than white, blue, and black ones. Moreover, a significant difference in capture efficiency was observed between two commercial yellow devices (i.e., tenfold higher catches using Glutor over Super color). Practical implications of our results are discussed in the context of current IPM against this key leafhopper vector of FD.

近地叶蝉 Scaphoideus titanus Ball(半翅目:蝉科)是欧洲葡萄花叶病毒(FD)的主要传播媒介。为了限制害虫控制活动对人类健康和环境的影响,欧盟立法撤销了越来越多的活性成分(a.i.),这凸显了评估替代性 S. titanus 管理工具的必要性。在此背景下,我们在意大利的葡萄园开展了一项为期三年(2021-2023 年)的研究,葡萄园中的破伤风属害虫数量较高。我们比较了不同杀虫剂策略的效果,即只针对若虫(2021 年)或若虫和成虫(2022-2023 年),喷洒目前允许使用的一些产品(即氟虫腈、啶虫脒、磺胺草酮、醚菊酯、溴氰菊酯和除虫菊酯)。根据黄色粘性诱捕器的成虫捕获量评估了杀虫剂处理的效果。此外,为了获得优化当前监测工具的有用见解,我们比较了五种不同颜色(即黄色、绿色、蓝色、黑色和白色)的粘性诱捕器以及两种目前市场上销售的黄色粘性诱捕器的捕获量。结果表明,醚菊酯、溴氰菊酯和磺胺氯吡啶是减少破伤风天牛成虫数量最有效的产品(分别为 33.64%、30.30% 和 31.26%)。与白色、蓝色和黑色诱捕器相比,黄色和绿色诱捕器对破伤风蝠成虫更有吸引力。此外,我们还观察到两种商用黄色诱捕器的捕获效率存在显著差异(即使用 Glutor 的捕获量比 Super color 高十倍)。我们的研究结果对当前针对 FD 这一主要叶蝉媒介的 IPM 有实际意义。
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引用次数: 0
Significance of honeybee pollination in increasing seed yield of Trifolium alexandrinum (Fabales: Fabaceae) and its impact on economic sustainability of smallholder farmers. 蜜蜂授粉对提高三叶草(Fabales: Fabaceae)种子产量的意义及其对小农经济可持续性的影响。
Pub Date : 2024-12-28 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toae222
Muhammad Shoaib Tufail, Gaye L Krebs, Alison Southwell, John W Piltz, Peter C Wynn, David F Cook

A major limitation to producing high seed yields in berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) is failure to set seed, predominantly due to lack of pollination. Despite the importance of berseem clover as a leading forage legume, the contribution of pollinators to seed set is scarce. In Pakistan, the honeybee population is declining mainly because of the extensive use of neonicotinoid pesticides and habitat fragmentation. This, combined with the region's harsh environment and the use of inferior, locally bred genotypes, has resulted in low seed yields. Insufficient seed availability leads to limited forage supply, resulting in poor livestock nutrition, which subsequently impacts livestock health and productivity, and reduces farmers' income. The present study estimated the seed production of 3 berseem clover genotypes resulting from honeybees [Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae)] pollination in 2 growing seasons (2012-2014) in the central Punjab region of Pakistan. Experiments had 2 pollination treatments (open pollination and honeybee inclusion) and 3 seed genotypes, viz. farmer own-saved, market, and the improved variety cultivars. For both growing seasons, honeybee pollination resulted in significant increases in seed yields ranging from 35% to 67%, regardless of seed genotype. With the exception of the number of seed heads/m2, all seed yield parameters also increased significantly in response to honeybee inclusion. The combination of improved variety and honeybee inclusion resulted in the production of a maximum number of seeds per head (45.3), 1,000-seed weight (3.7 g), and estimated seed yield (375.5 kg/ha). In addition, the increase in estimated net income of seed ranged from PKR 82,485 Rs/ha (US$844/ha) to PKR 168,975 Rs/ha (US$1728/ha) with the use of honeybees as an insect pollinator across all the seed genotypes. Honeybee pollination has broader implications for mixed farming systems by playing a key role in preserving biodiversity and promoting sustainable agriculture. It also enhances the quality and quantity of berseem crops by increasing the production of high-quality seeds and forage leading to improved livestock productivity and family food security which strengthens the economic resilience of rural communities.

三叶青苜蓿(Trifolium alexandrinum L.)种子产量高的一个主要限制因素是无法结籽,这主要是由于缺乏授粉。尽管苜蓿作为主要的饲料豆科植物非常重要,但传粉媒介对结籽的贡献却很少。在巴基斯坦,蜜蜂数量正在减少,主要原因是新烟碱类杀虫剂的广泛使用和栖息地的破碎化。再加上该地区环境恶劣,以及使用劣质的当地培育的基因型,导致种子产量低下。种子供应不足导致饲草供应有限,造成牲畜营养不良,进而影响牲畜健康和生产率,降低农民收入。本研究估算了巴基斯坦旁遮普省中部地区蜜蜂[Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae)]在两个生长季(2012-2014 年)授粉后 3 种苜蓿基因型的种子产量。实验采用 2 种授粉处理(开放授粉和蜜蜂授粉)和 3 种种子基因型,即农民自留种子、市场种子和改良品种。在两个生长季节,无论种子基因型如何,蜜蜂授粉都能显著提高种子产量,增幅在 35% 至 67% 之间。除种子头数/平方米外,所有种子产量参数也因蜜蜂的加入而显著增加。改良品种与蜜蜂的结合使每头种子数(45.3)、千粒重(3.7 克)和估计种子产量(375.5 千克/公顷)达到最高。此外,在所有种子基因型中,使用蜜蜂作为昆虫授粉者后,估计种子净收入的增长幅度从 82,485 卢比/公顷(844 美元/公顷)到 168,975 卢比/公顷(1728 美元/公顷)不等。蜜蜂授粉在保护生物多样性和促进可持续农业方面发挥着关键作用,对混合耕作系统具有更广泛的影响。蜜蜂授粉还能提高优质种子和饲料的产量,从而提高浆果类作物的质量和数量,进而提高畜牧业生产率和家庭粮食安全,增强农村社区的经济恢复能力。
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引用次数: 0
Identifying key monitoring areas for tree insect pest risks in China under climate change. 确定气候变化下中国树木虫害风险的重点监测区域。
Pub Date : 2024-12-28 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toae215
Fei-Xue Zhang, Hong-Li Li, Ji-Zhong Wan, Chun-Jing Wang

Climate change can exacerbate pest population growth, posing significant threats to ecosystem functions and services, social development, and food security. Risk assessment is a valuable tool for effective pest management that identifies potential pest expansion and ecosystem dispersal patterns. We applied a habitat suitability model coupled with priority protection planning software to determine key monitoring areas (KMA) for tree insect pest risks under climate change and used forest ecoregions and nature reserves to assess the ecological risk of insect pest invasion. Finally, we collated the prevention and control measures for reducing future pest invasions. The KMA for tree insect pests in our current and future climate is mainly concentrated in eastern and southern China. However, with climate change, the KMA gradually expands from southeastern to northeastern China. In the current and future climate scenarios, ecoregions requiring high monitoring levels were restricted to the eastern and southern coastal areas of China, and nature reserves requiring the highest monitoring levels were mainly distributed in southeastern China. Tree insect pest invasion assessment using ecoregions and nature reserves identified that future climates increase the risk of pest invasions in forest ecoregions and nature reserves, especially in northeastern China. The increased risk and severity of tree insect pest invasions require implementing monitoring and preventative measures in these areas. We effectively assessed the pest invasion risks using forest ecoregions and nature reserves under climate change. Our assessments suggest that monitoring and early prevention should focus on southeastern and northeastern China.

气候变化会加剧害虫数量的增长,对生态系统功能和服务、社会发展和粮食安全构成重大威胁。风险评估是有效害虫管理的重要工具,它能识别潜在的害虫扩展和生态系统扩散模式。我们应用栖息地适宜性模型和优先保护规划软件,确定气候变化下树木虫害风险的重点监测区域(KMA),并利用森林生态区和自然保护区评估虫害入侵的生态风险。最后,我们整理了减少未来害虫入侵的防控措施。在我国当前和未来气候条件下,树木害虫的 KMA 主要集中在华东和华南地区。然而,随着气候变化,KMA 逐渐从中国东南部扩展到东北部。在当前和未来气候情景下,需要高监测水平的生态区仅限于中国东部和南部沿海地区,需要最高监测水平的自然保护区主要分布在中国东南部。利用生态区和自然保护区进行的树木害虫入侵评估发现,未来气候会增加森林生态区和自然保护区的害虫入侵风险,尤其是在中国东北地区。由于树木害虫入侵的风险和严重程度增加,需要在这些地区实施监测和预防措施。我们利用气候变化下的森林生态区和自然保护区对害虫入侵风险进行了有效评估。我们的评估结果表明,监测和早期预防的重点应放在中国东南部和东北部。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of trap type on the captures of Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera: Erebidae): trials from different European countries. 诱捕器类型对捕获 Lymantria dispar L.(鳞翅目:Erebidae)的影响:欧洲不同国家的试验。
Pub Date : 2024-12-28 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toae223
Paraskevi Agrafioti, Evagelia Lampiri, Tanja Bohinc, Anna Roig, Alexandre Levi-Mourao, Maria C Boukouvala, Anna Skourti, Carmen López, Matilde Eizaguirre, Xavier Pons, Angelos Tsikas, Ankica Sarajlić, Jozsef Fail, Enrique Benavent Fernandez, Sergio Fita Bravo, Elena Dominguez Solera, Stanislav Trdan, Nickolas G Kavallieratos, Christos G Athanassiou

The spongy moth, Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera: Eribidae), is a serious pest of deciduous forests and causes widespread defoliation. Despite this, few studies have evaluated the wide-ranging surveillance of adult male L. dispar using different types of pheromone-baited traps. We evaluated the effect of trap type on captures of adult male L. dispar at 18 sites in Europe; two in Slovenia, two in Spain, 12 in Greece, one in Hungary, and one in Croatia. Seven different trap types, G trap and eGymer 1-6, were evaluated June-September 2022 and 2023. Generally, captures of L. dispar started in late June and lasted until mid-August. Trap type affected captures. The G trap (consisting of a dark brown plastic rectangular parallel-piped body) caught significantly more L. dispar than other trap types in many instances, particularly when the peak of the flight period occurred. Captures of L. dispar in pairs of different trap types showed a significant correlation in trap catch in most investigations, suggesting that most detected comparable fluctuations in L. dispar abundance. We recommend that the G trap be used for wide-ranging surveillance of L. dispar in Europe.

海绵蛾(鳞翅目:鞘翅目)是落叶林的一种严重害虫,会造成大面积落叶。尽管如此,很少有研究评估了使用不同类型的信息素诱捕器对飞蛾雄成虫进行大范围监测的情况。我们在欧洲的 18 个地点(斯洛文尼亚 2 个、西班牙 2 个、希腊 12 个、匈牙利 1 个、克罗地亚 1 个)评估了诱捕器类型对捕获成年雄性悬铃木的影响。2022 年 6 月至 9 月和 2023 年 6 月至 9 月,对七种不同类型的诱捕器(G 型诱捕器和 eGymer 1-6 型诱捕器)进行了评估。一般来说,L. dispar 的捕获从 6 月下旬开始,一直持续到 8 月中旬。诱捕器类型影响捕获量。在许多情况下,G 型诱捕器(由一个深棕色塑料矩形平行管状体组成)捕获的飞燕数量明显多于其他类型的诱捕器,尤其是在飞燕的高峰期。在大多数调查中,不同类型诱捕器成对捕获的虹彩蝶显示出诱捕器捕获量的显著相关性,这表明大多数诱捕器检测到的虹彩蝶丰度波动具有可比性。我们建议在欧洲使用 G 型诱捕器对 L. dispar 进行大范围监测。
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引用次数: 0
Electroantennographic and behavioral responses of Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) adults to the volatiles of plum fruits. Bactorcera dorsalis(Diptera: Tephritidae)成虫对梅果挥发物的电感和行为反应。
Pub Date : 2024-12-28 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toae225
Jing Ling, Yuan Li, Xia-Lin Zheng, Wen Lu, Xiao-Yun Wang

Fruit volatiles play a crucial role in the host localization by the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae). This study focused on identifying the fruit volatiles from Sanyue plum and Sanhua plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.), which are 2 varieties of the same species, and examined their impact on the behavior of B. dorsalis by using a Y-olfactometer. A total of 35 and 54 volatiles from Sanyue plum and Sanhua plum were identified, respectively. Among these, 23 volatiles elicited electroantennographic (EAG) responses by B. dorsalis adults, showing concentration-dependent effects in males and females. Ethyl butyrate, butyl acetate, butyl hexanoate, ethyl caproate, ethyl hexanoate, and hexyl acetate significantly attracted B. dorsalis compared to liquid paraffin, while nonaldehyde was avoided. There was no significant difference in the behavioral responses of both sexes to sorbitol esters, hexyl isobutyrate, and 1-tetradecene compared with the control liquid paraffin group. Interestingly, (3Z)-C-3-hexenyl acetate significantly attracted females, but not males. The above findings suggest that plum fruit volatiles are likely to facilitate the localization of host fruit by B. dorsalis adults and may even aid in mate-finding. This study opens up new avenues for exploring novel plant-based attractants that might be of value for the integrated management of B. dorsalis.

果实挥发物在东方果蝇 Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel(双翅目:Tephritidae)的寄主定位中起着至关重要的作用。本研究重点鉴别了同属一个品种的三叶李和三华李的果实挥发性物质,并使用 Y-olfactometer 研究了它们对东方果蝇行为的影响。结果表明,三叶李和三华李中分别含有 35 和 54 种挥发性物质。其中,23 种挥发性物质能引起背刺蛾成虫的电触觉(EAG)反应,对雄性和雌性背刺蛾的影响表现出浓度依赖性。与液体石蜡相比,丁酸乙酯、醋酸丁酯、己酸丁酯、己酸乙酯、己酸乙酯和醋酸己酯能显著吸引背腹扁虱,而壬醛则无法吸引背腹扁虱。与液体石蜡对照组相比,雌雄两性对山梨醇酯、异丁酸己酯和 1-十四烯的行为反应没有明显差异。有趣的是,(3Z)-C-3-己烯基乙酸酯能显著吸引雌性,但不能吸引雄性。上述研究结果表明,梅果挥发物可能有助于背刺蝙蝠成虫定位寄主果实,甚至有助于寻找配偶。这项研究为探索新型植物性引诱剂开辟了新途径,这些引诱剂可能对综合治理多棘蝽有价值。
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引用次数: 0
Nitrogen input reduces the physical defense of rice plant against planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae). 氮的输入降低了水稻植株对稻飞虱 Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) 的物理防御能力。
Pub Date : 2024-12-28 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toae240
Zi-Xuan Zeng, Jin-Hua Shi, Chang-Lai Qiu, Tao Fan, Jing Lu, Hazem Abdelnabby, Man-Qun Wang

Nitrogen has important effects on plant growth and defense. Although studies on the alternation in plant chemical defense by nitrogen fertilization have been extensively reported, how it affects physical defense is poorly understood. Two rice (Oryza sativa L.) (Poales: Poaceae) varieties (LDQ7 and YLY1) were applied with varying nitrogen regimes (0.90 and 180 kg ha-1) to study their physical defense against the brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) in this study. Results of the electrical penetration graph showed that BPH searching and penetrating duration time was shortened with increasing nitrogen application. Also, the tubercle papicle of rice leaves decreased with increasing nitrogen application, while rice leaves' surface structure and waxy composition changed with increasing nitrogen application. In field experiments, BPH populations increased with the application of nitrogen fertilizer. These findings suggest that nitrogen input can affect plant-insect interactions by reducing the physical defense of plants, which provides new ideas for the organic combinations of yield increase and pest control in rice fields.

氮对植物的生长和防御有重要影响。虽然有关氮肥对植物化学防御交替作用的研究已被广泛报道,但对氮肥如何影响物理防御却知之甚少。本研究对两个水稻(Oryza sativa L.)(Poales:Poaceae)品种(LDQ7 和 YLY1)施用不同的氮肥(0.90 和 180 kg ha-1),以研究它们对褐飞虱 Nilaparvata lugens(半翅目:Delphacidae)的物理防御能力。电穿透图结果表明,随着施氮量的增加,褐飞虱的搜索和穿透持续时间缩短。此外,随着施氮量的增加,水稻叶片的小瘤丘疹减少,而水稻叶片的表面结构和蜡质成分也随施氮量的增加而改变。在田间试验中,BPH 的数量随着氮肥施用量的增加而增加。这些研究结果表明,氮的投入会通过降低植物的物理防御能力来影响植物与昆虫之间的相互作用,这为稻田增产与病虫害防治的有机结合提供了新思路。
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引用次数: 0
Tendency to mate with short-winged partner of the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae). 褐飞虱 Nilaparvata lugens(半翅目:Delphacidae)与短翅伴侣交配的倾向。
Pub Date : 2024-12-28 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toae244
Yi-Nan He, Tong-Lei Bu, Xiang-Dong Liu

Wing dimorphism is a distinguishing characteristic of brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) populations, wherein adults exhibit 2 distinct morphs: long-winged and short-winged. The presence of long-winged individuals often heralds the onset of migration, while short-winged morphs signify high reproduction and can be associated with population outbreaks. This phenomenon underscores the adaptability of these insects in response to environmental cues and their impact on agricultural ecosystems. Wing morphs of N. lugens are controlled by genetical and environmental factors. Mate choice between long and short-winged adults affects wing morphs of offspring. In this study, we found that the wild population had no persistent preference for choosing long-winged or short-winged adults to mate. But in 2 multigenerational selected lineages for long and short-winged morphs, the short-winged males preferred to short-winged females to mate and the long-winged males had no preference. In the nearly pure-bred lineages of long-winged and short-winged morphs, both wing morphs of females preferred for short-winged males. Purification of wing morph lineages enhanced mating preference for short-winged partners. When the wing developmental gene InR1 or InR2 was interfered by RNAi, the pure-bred lineage of long-winged morph mainly produced short-winged adults and the short-winged morphs produced long-winged adults, and these adults exhibited preference to mate with short-winged partners. The tendency to mate with short-winged morphs leads to more short-winged offspring which easily causes the rapid growth of populations.

翅膀二形是褐斑蝶 Nilaparvata lugens(Stål)种群的一个显著特征,成虫表现出两种不同的形态:长翅和短翅。长翅个体的出现往往预示着迁徙的开始,而短翅形态则意味着繁殖能力强,可能与种群爆发有关。这种现象强调了这些昆虫对环境线索的适应性及其对农业生态系统的影响。N. lugens的翅膀形态受遗传和环境因素控制。长翅成虫和短翅成虫之间的配偶选择会影响后代的翅膀形态。在这项研究中,我们发现野生种群对选择长翅或短翅成虫交配没有持续的偏好。但在长翅和短翅形态的两个多代选育品系中,短翅雄性更倾向于选择短翅雌性交配,而长翅雄性则没有偏好。在几乎纯合的长翅和短翅形态品系中,两种翅形态的雌性都偏好短翅雄性。翅膀形态品系的纯化增强了对短翅伙伴的交配偏好。当用RNAi干扰翅膀发育基因InR1或InR2时,长翅形态的纯合品系主要产生短翅成虫,而短翅形态则产生长翅成虫,这些成虫表现出与短翅伙伴交配的偏好。与短翅形态交配的倾向会导致更多的短翅后代,从而容易造成种群的快速增长。
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引用次数: 0
Selection, inheritance, life-history traits, and flight capacity of Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) resistant to lambda-cyhalothrin. 抗溴氰菊酯的 Grapholita molesta(鳞翅目:蓟马科)的选择、遗传、生活史特征和飞行能力。
Pub Date : 2024-12-28 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toae247
Xiaohe Zhang, Sha Su, Chengzhi Jian, Baojian Huang, Jilong Zhang, Jinbo Suo, Xiong Peng, Maohua Chen

Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is a globally significant fruit pest traditionally managed using chemical insecticides such as lambda-cyhalothrin. However, repeated applications have led to the development of resistance in field populations. The mechanisms and fitness costs associated with lambda-cyhalothrin resistance in G. molesta remain poorly understood. In this study, we established a lambda-cyhalothrin-resistant strain (RS) of G. molesta through continuous selection with lambda-cyhalothrin in the laboratory for 21 generations, resulting in a 249.6-fold increase in resistance. Bioassay data from the F1 progeny (F1RS and F1SR) of reciprocal crosses between RS and susceptible strain (SS) showed similar degrees of dominance (0.40 for F1RS and 0.32 for F1SR). Significant differences between observed and expected mortalities of backcross individuals suggested that resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin is polygenic. Compared to the SS strain, the RS strain exhibited significantly prolonged periods of larval, prepupal, and pupal stages, as well as a significant decrease in larval weight. In addition, the RS strain showed significant reductions in fecundity, cumulative flight distance, maximum flight distance, cumulative flight time, maximum flight time, and average flight speed. These results suggest that resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin in G. molesta is autosomal, incompletely dominant, and polygenic. Life-history traits such as fecundity and flight capacity were significantly reduced in RS strains compared with the SS strain. These findings provide valuable insights for mitigating lambda-cyhalothrin resistance development and promoting sustainable control of G. molesta in the field.

Grapholita molesta (Busck) (鳞翅目:蓟马科)是一种全球重要的水果害虫,传统上使用化学杀虫剂(如高效氯氟氰菊酯)进行防治。然而,反复施用已导致田间种群产生抗药性。人们对 G. molesta 产生氯氰菊酯抗性的机制和健康成本仍知之甚少。在本研究中,我们通过在实验室中连续 21 代使用高效氯氟氰菊酯进行选择,建立了 G. molesta 的高效氯氟氰菊酯抗性品系(RS),其抗性提高了 249.6 倍。RS 与易感菌株 (SS) 相互杂交的 F1 后代(F1RS 和 F1SR)的生物测定数据显示出相似的优势度(F1RS 为 0.40,F1SR 为 0.32)。回交个体的观察死亡率和预期死亡率之间的显著差异表明,对高效氯氟氰菊酯的抗性是多基因遗传的。与 SS 品系相比,RS 品系的幼虫期、蛹前期和蛹期明显延长,幼虫体重明显下降。此外,RS品系的繁殖力、累积飞行距离、最大飞行距离、累积飞行时间、最大飞行时间和平均飞行速度都明显下降。这些结果表明,G. molesta对溴氰菊酯的抗性是常染色体、不完全显性和多基因遗传的。与 SS 株系相比,RS 株系的繁殖力和飞行能力等生命史性状明显降低。这些发现为减轻氯氟氰菊酯抗性的发展和促进田间 G. molesta 的可持续控制提供了宝贵的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Bacterial communities in Asecodes hispinarum (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) and its host Brontispa longissima (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), with comparison of Wolbachia dominance. Asecodes hispinarum (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) 及其宿主 Brontispa longissima (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) 的细菌群落,以及 Wolbachia 优势比较。
Pub Date : 2024-12-28 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toae234
Sheng-Yuan Yang, Yu-Ying Lin, Zheng Hao, Zi-Jie Li, Zheng-Qiang Peng, Tao Jin

The endoparasitoid Asecodes hispinarum (Bouček) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) serves as an effective biological control agent against Brontispa longissima (Gestro) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a notorious palm pest. Endosymbionts found in parasitoids and their hosts have attracted significant attention due to their substantial influence on biocontrol efficacy. In this study, we employed 16S rRNA sequencing, polymerase chain reaction, and fluorescence in situ hybridization to assess the symbiotic bacteria composition, diversity, phylogeny, and localization in A. hispinarum and its host B. longissima. Our findings showed significant differences in the richness, diversity, and composition of symbiotic bacteria among different life stages of B. longissima. Notably, the bacterial richness, diversity, and composition of A. hispinarum was similar to that of B. longissima. Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the dominant phyla, while Wolbachia was the dominant genera across the parasitoid and host. It was discovered for the first time that Wolbachia was present in A. hispinarum with a high infection rate at ≥ 96.67%. Notably, the Wolbachia strain in A. hispinarum was placed in supergroup A, whereas it was categorized under supergroup B in B. longissima. Furthermore, Wolbachia is concentrated in the abdomen of A. hispinarum, with particularly high levels observed in the ovipositors of female adults. These findings highlight the composition and diversity of symbiotic bacteria in both A. hispinarum and its host B. longissima, providing a foundation for the development of population regulation strategies targeting B. longissima.

内寄生虫 Asecodes hispinarum (Bouček) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) 是一种有效的生物控制剂,可防治臭名昭著的棕榈害虫 Brontispa longissima (Gestro) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)。寄生虫及其宿主体内发现的内共生体对生物防治效果有重大影响,因此备受关注。在本研究中,我们采用 16S rRNA 测序、聚合酶链反应和荧光原位杂交技术,评估了 A. hispinarum 及其寄主 B. longissima 中共生细菌的组成、多样性、系统发育和定位。我们的研究结果表明,共生细菌的丰富度、多样性和组成在 B. longissima 不同生命阶段之间存在明显差异。值得注意的是,A. hispinarum 的细菌丰富度、多样性和组成与 B. longissima 相似。在寄生虫和宿主中,固缩菌和变形菌是优势菌门,而狼杆菌则是优势菌属。研究首次发现,A. hispinarum体内存在沃尔巴克氏菌,感染率高达≥96.67%。值得注意的是,A. hispinarum 中的 Wolbachia 菌株被归入超群 A,而在 B. longissima 中则被归入超群 B。此外,Wolbachia 主要集中在 A. hispinarum 的腹部,在雌性成虫的产卵器中观察到的含量尤其高。这些发现突显了A. hispinarum及其宿主B. longissima中共生细菌的组成和多样性,为制定针对B. longissima的种群调控策略奠定了基础。
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引用次数: 0
A different approach to identifying thermal parameters for invasive species. 确定入侵物种热参数的不同方法。
Pub Date : 2024-12-28 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toae135
Lisa G Neven

The brown marmorated stinkbug, Halyomorpha halys Stål (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), is a polyphagous invasive insect found in the eastern United States in 1998 but became a major agricultural pest in 2010. Environmental temperatures regulate the location of invasive species establishment in new locations. To determine those areas where an invasive species might establish it is essential to understand the metabolic response of all life stages to temperature. Differential scanning calorimetry is a useful tool to monitor living organisms' metabolism at different temperatures, providing vital information related to the ability of the species to survive in new environments. The information obtained from isothermal and scanning calorimetric experiments on all the life stages of H. halys indicates that the third instar is the most thermoresponsive stage and eggs and fifth instar are the least thermoresponsive, whereas the third instars exhibit a broad range of thermoresponsiveness as compared to all other developmental stages. The recorded values for lower, optimal, and upper developmental temperatures in this study were similar to those reported by other researchers using laboratory and field data to develop degree-day models. This method can help in the rapid development of degree day models to improve and synchronize control efforts for newly invasive species.

褐马蝽 Halyomorpha halys Stål(半翅目:五蝽科)是一种多食性入侵昆虫,1998 年发现于美国东部,2010 年成为主要农业害虫。环境温度会影响入侵物种在新地点建立的位置。要确定入侵物种可能定居的地区,就必须了解所有生命阶段对温度的新陈代谢反应。差示扫描量热法是监测生物体在不同温度下新陈代谢的有用工具,可提供有关物种在新环境中生存能力的重要信息。对哈雷虫所有生命阶段进行等温和扫描量热实验所获得的信息表明,第三龄期是热焓最高的阶段,卵和第五龄期的热焓最低,而第三龄期与所有其他发育阶段相比,热焓范围较宽。本研究中记录的最低、最适和最高发育温度值与其他研究人员利用实验室和现场数据建立度日模型的结果相似。这种方法有助于快速开发度日模型,以改进和同步控制新入侵物种。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of economic entomology
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