Bruno Bagnoli, Renato Ricciardi, Livia De Fazi, Giordana D'Anna, Piero Braccini, Giovanni Benelli, Andrea Lucchi
The Nearctic leafhopper Scaphoideus titanus Ball (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) is the main vector of the grapevine flavescence dorée (FD) phytoplasmas in Europe. To limit the impact of pest control activities on human health and the environment, EU legislation is withdrawing a growing number of active ingredients (a.i.), highlighting the need to evaluate alternative S. titanus management tools. In this context, we carried out a three-year (2021-2023) study in Italian vineyards characterized by high S. titanus populations. We compared the effectiveness of different insecticide-based strategies, i.e., targeting only nymphs (2021) or nymphs and adults (2022-2023), by spraying some of the currently allowed products (i.e., flupyradifurone, acetamiprid, sulfoxaflor, etofenprox, deltamethrin, and pyrethrins). The effectiveness of insecticide-based treatments was evaluated in terms of adult catches on yellow sticky traps. Furthermore, to achieve useful insights for optimizing current monitoring tools, we compared S. titanus catches on sticky traps of five different colors (i.e., yellow, green, blue, black, and white), as well as those achieved with two types of currently marketed yellow sticky traps. Results showed that etofenprox, deltamethrin, and sulfoxaflor were the most effective products for reducing S. titanus adult populations (33.64%, 30.30%, and 31.26%, respectively). Yellow and green sticky traps were more attractive to S. titanus adults than white, blue, and black ones. Moreover, a significant difference in capture efficiency was observed between two commercial yellow devices (i.e., tenfold higher catches using Glutor over Super color). Practical implications of our results are discussed in the context of current IPM against this key leafhopper vector of FD.
近地叶蝉 Scaphoideus titanus Ball(半翅目:蝉科)是欧洲葡萄花叶病毒(FD)的主要传播媒介。为了限制害虫控制活动对人类健康和环境的影响,欧盟立法撤销了越来越多的活性成分(a.i.),这凸显了评估替代性 S. titanus 管理工具的必要性。在此背景下,我们在意大利的葡萄园开展了一项为期三年(2021-2023 年)的研究,葡萄园中的破伤风属害虫数量较高。我们比较了不同杀虫剂策略的效果,即只针对若虫(2021 年)或若虫和成虫(2022-2023 年),喷洒目前允许使用的一些产品(即氟虫腈、啶虫脒、磺胺草酮、醚菊酯、溴氰菊酯和除虫菊酯)。根据黄色粘性诱捕器的成虫捕获量评估了杀虫剂处理的效果。此外,为了获得优化当前监测工具的有用见解,我们比较了五种不同颜色(即黄色、绿色、蓝色、黑色和白色)的粘性诱捕器以及两种目前市场上销售的黄色粘性诱捕器的捕获量。结果表明,醚菊酯、溴氰菊酯和磺胺氯吡啶是减少破伤风天牛成虫数量最有效的产品(分别为 33.64%、30.30% 和 31.26%)。与白色、蓝色和黑色诱捕器相比,黄色和绿色诱捕器对破伤风蝠成虫更有吸引力。此外,我们还观察到两种商用黄色诱捕器的捕获效率存在显著差异(即使用 Glutor 的捕获量比 Super color 高十倍)。我们的研究结果对当前针对 FD 这一主要叶蝉媒介的 IPM 有实际意义。
{"title":"Monitoring and management of the Nearctic leafhopper Scaphoideus titanus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in Italian vineyards.","authors":"Bruno Bagnoli, Renato Ricciardi, Livia De Fazi, Giordana D'Anna, Piero Braccini, Giovanni Benelli, Andrea Lucchi","doi":"10.1093/jee/toae250","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jee/toae250","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Nearctic leafhopper Scaphoideus titanus Ball (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) is the main vector of the grapevine flavescence dorée (FD) phytoplasmas in Europe. To limit the impact of pest control activities on human health and the environment, EU legislation is withdrawing a growing number of active ingredients (a.i.), highlighting the need to evaluate alternative S. titanus management tools. In this context, we carried out a three-year (2021-2023) study in Italian vineyards characterized by high S. titanus populations. We compared the effectiveness of different insecticide-based strategies, i.e., targeting only nymphs (2021) or nymphs and adults (2022-2023), by spraying some of the currently allowed products (i.e., flupyradifurone, acetamiprid, sulfoxaflor, etofenprox, deltamethrin, and pyrethrins). The effectiveness of insecticide-based treatments was evaluated in terms of adult catches on yellow sticky traps. Furthermore, to achieve useful insights for optimizing current monitoring tools, we compared S. titanus catches on sticky traps of five different colors (i.e., yellow, green, blue, black, and white), as well as those achieved with two types of currently marketed yellow sticky traps. Results showed that etofenprox, deltamethrin, and sulfoxaflor were the most effective products for reducing S. titanus adult populations (33.64%, 30.30%, and 31.26%, respectively). Yellow and green sticky traps were more attractive to S. titanus adults than white, blue, and black ones. Moreover, a significant difference in capture efficiency was observed between two commercial yellow devices (i.e., tenfold higher catches using Glutor over Super color). Practical implications of our results are discussed in the context of current IPM against this key leafhopper vector of FD.</p>","PeriodicalId":94077,"journal":{"name":"Journal of economic entomology","volume":" ","pages":"2281-2291"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142559783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Shoaib Tufail, Gaye L Krebs, Alison Southwell, John W Piltz, Peter C Wynn, David F Cook
A major limitation to producing high seed yields in berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) is failure to set seed, predominantly due to lack of pollination. Despite the importance of berseem clover as a leading forage legume, the contribution of pollinators to seed set is scarce. In Pakistan, the honeybee population is declining mainly because of the extensive use of neonicotinoid pesticides and habitat fragmentation. This, combined with the region's harsh environment and the use of inferior, locally bred genotypes, has resulted in low seed yields. Insufficient seed availability leads to limited forage supply, resulting in poor livestock nutrition, which subsequently impacts livestock health and productivity, and reduces farmers' income. The present study estimated the seed production of 3 berseem clover genotypes resulting from honeybees [Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae)] pollination in 2 growing seasons (2012-2014) in the central Punjab region of Pakistan. Experiments had 2 pollination treatments (open pollination and honeybee inclusion) and 3 seed genotypes, viz. farmer own-saved, market, and the improved variety cultivars. For both growing seasons, honeybee pollination resulted in significant increases in seed yields ranging from 35% to 67%, regardless of seed genotype. With the exception of the number of seed heads/m2, all seed yield parameters also increased significantly in response to honeybee inclusion. The combination of improved variety and honeybee inclusion resulted in the production of a maximum number of seeds per head (45.3), 1,000-seed weight (3.7 g), and estimated seed yield (375.5 kg/ha). In addition, the increase in estimated net income of seed ranged from PKR 82,485 Rs/ha (US$844/ha) to PKR 168,975 Rs/ha (US$1728/ha) with the use of honeybees as an insect pollinator across all the seed genotypes. Honeybee pollination has broader implications for mixed farming systems by playing a key role in preserving biodiversity and promoting sustainable agriculture. It also enhances the quality and quantity of berseem crops by increasing the production of high-quality seeds and forage leading to improved livestock productivity and family food security which strengthens the economic resilience of rural communities.
{"title":"Significance of honeybee pollination in increasing seed yield of Trifolium alexandrinum (Fabales: Fabaceae) and its impact on economic sustainability of smallholder farmers.","authors":"Muhammad Shoaib Tufail, Gaye L Krebs, Alison Southwell, John W Piltz, Peter C Wynn, David F Cook","doi":"10.1093/jee/toae222","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jee/toae222","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A major limitation to producing high seed yields in berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) is failure to set seed, predominantly due to lack of pollination. Despite the importance of berseem clover as a leading forage legume, the contribution of pollinators to seed set is scarce. In Pakistan, the honeybee population is declining mainly because of the extensive use of neonicotinoid pesticides and habitat fragmentation. This, combined with the region's harsh environment and the use of inferior, locally bred genotypes, has resulted in low seed yields. Insufficient seed availability leads to limited forage supply, resulting in poor livestock nutrition, which subsequently impacts livestock health and productivity, and reduces farmers' income. The present study estimated the seed production of 3 berseem clover genotypes resulting from honeybees [Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae)] pollination in 2 growing seasons (2012-2014) in the central Punjab region of Pakistan. Experiments had 2 pollination treatments (open pollination and honeybee inclusion) and 3 seed genotypes, viz. farmer own-saved, market, and the improved variety cultivars. For both growing seasons, honeybee pollination resulted in significant increases in seed yields ranging from 35% to 67%, regardless of seed genotype. With the exception of the number of seed heads/m2, all seed yield parameters also increased significantly in response to honeybee inclusion. The combination of improved variety and honeybee inclusion resulted in the production of a maximum number of seeds per head (45.3), 1,000-seed weight (3.7 g), and estimated seed yield (375.5 kg/ha). In addition, the increase in estimated net income of seed ranged from PKR 82,485 Rs/ha (US$844/ha) to PKR 168,975 Rs/ha (US$1728/ha) with the use of honeybees as an insect pollinator across all the seed genotypes. Honeybee pollination has broader implications for mixed farming systems by playing a key role in preserving biodiversity and promoting sustainable agriculture. It also enhances the quality and quantity of berseem crops by increasing the production of high-quality seeds and forage leading to improved livestock productivity and family food security which strengthens the economic resilience of rural communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":94077,"journal":{"name":"Journal of economic entomology","volume":" ","pages":"2495-2504"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11683155/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142407406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fei-Xue Zhang, Hong-Li Li, Ji-Zhong Wan, Chun-Jing Wang
Climate change can exacerbate pest population growth, posing significant threats to ecosystem functions and services, social development, and food security. Risk assessment is a valuable tool for effective pest management that identifies potential pest expansion and ecosystem dispersal patterns. We applied a habitat suitability model coupled with priority protection planning software to determine key monitoring areas (KMA) for tree insect pest risks under climate change and used forest ecoregions and nature reserves to assess the ecological risk of insect pest invasion. Finally, we collated the prevention and control measures for reducing future pest invasions. The KMA for tree insect pests in our current and future climate is mainly concentrated in eastern and southern China. However, with climate change, the KMA gradually expands from southeastern to northeastern China. In the current and future climate scenarios, ecoregions requiring high monitoring levels were restricted to the eastern and southern coastal areas of China, and nature reserves requiring the highest monitoring levels were mainly distributed in southeastern China. Tree insect pest invasion assessment using ecoregions and nature reserves identified that future climates increase the risk of pest invasions in forest ecoregions and nature reserves, especially in northeastern China. The increased risk and severity of tree insect pest invasions require implementing monitoring and preventative measures in these areas. We effectively assessed the pest invasion risks using forest ecoregions and nature reserves under climate change. Our assessments suggest that monitoring and early prevention should focus on southeastern and northeastern China.
{"title":"Identifying key monitoring areas for tree insect pest risks in China under climate change.","authors":"Fei-Xue Zhang, Hong-Li Li, Ji-Zhong Wan, Chun-Jing Wang","doi":"10.1093/jee/toae215","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jee/toae215","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Climate change can exacerbate pest population growth, posing significant threats to ecosystem functions and services, social development, and food security. Risk assessment is a valuable tool for effective pest management that identifies potential pest expansion and ecosystem dispersal patterns. We applied a habitat suitability model coupled with priority protection planning software to determine key monitoring areas (KMA) for tree insect pest risks under climate change and used forest ecoregions and nature reserves to assess the ecological risk of insect pest invasion. Finally, we collated the prevention and control measures for reducing future pest invasions. The KMA for tree insect pests in our current and future climate is mainly concentrated in eastern and southern China. However, with climate change, the KMA gradually expands from southeastern to northeastern China. In the current and future climate scenarios, ecoregions requiring high monitoring levels were restricted to the eastern and southern coastal areas of China, and nature reserves requiring the highest monitoring levels were mainly distributed in southeastern China. Tree insect pest invasion assessment using ecoregions and nature reserves identified that future climates increase the risk of pest invasions in forest ecoregions and nature reserves, especially in northeastern China. The increased risk and severity of tree insect pest invasions require implementing monitoring and preventative measures in these areas. We effectively assessed the pest invasion risks using forest ecoregions and nature reserves under climate change. Our assessments suggest that monitoring and early prevention should focus on southeastern and northeastern China.</p>","PeriodicalId":94077,"journal":{"name":"Journal of economic entomology","volume":" ","pages":"2355-2367"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142515377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paraskevi Agrafioti, Evagelia Lampiri, Tanja Bohinc, Anna Roig, Alexandre Levi-Mourao, Maria C Boukouvala, Anna Skourti, Carmen López, Matilde Eizaguirre, Xavier Pons, Angelos Tsikas, Ankica Sarajlić, Jozsef Fail, Enrique Benavent Fernandez, Sergio Fita Bravo, Elena Dominguez Solera, Stanislav Trdan, Nickolas G Kavallieratos, Christos G Athanassiou
The spongy moth, Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera: Eribidae), is a serious pest of deciduous forests and causes widespread defoliation. Despite this, few studies have evaluated the wide-ranging surveillance of adult male L. dispar using different types of pheromone-baited traps. We evaluated the effect of trap type on captures of adult male L. dispar at 18 sites in Europe; two in Slovenia, two in Spain, 12 in Greece, one in Hungary, and one in Croatia. Seven different trap types, G trap and eGymer 1-6, were evaluated June-September 2022 and 2023. Generally, captures of L. dispar started in late June and lasted until mid-August. Trap type affected captures. The G trap (consisting of a dark brown plastic rectangular parallel-piped body) caught significantly more L. dispar than other trap types in many instances, particularly when the peak of the flight period occurred. Captures of L. dispar in pairs of different trap types showed a significant correlation in trap catch in most investigations, suggesting that most detected comparable fluctuations in L. dispar abundance. We recommend that the G trap be used for wide-ranging surveillance of L. dispar in Europe.
{"title":"Influence of trap type on the captures of Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera: Erebidae): trials from different European countries.","authors":"Paraskevi Agrafioti, Evagelia Lampiri, Tanja Bohinc, Anna Roig, Alexandre Levi-Mourao, Maria C Boukouvala, Anna Skourti, Carmen López, Matilde Eizaguirre, Xavier Pons, Angelos Tsikas, Ankica Sarajlić, Jozsef Fail, Enrique Benavent Fernandez, Sergio Fita Bravo, Elena Dominguez Solera, Stanislav Trdan, Nickolas G Kavallieratos, Christos G Athanassiou","doi":"10.1093/jee/toae223","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jee/toae223","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The spongy moth, Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera: Eribidae), is a serious pest of deciduous forests and causes widespread defoliation. Despite this, few studies have evaluated the wide-ranging surveillance of adult male L. dispar using different types of pheromone-baited traps. We evaluated the effect of trap type on captures of adult male L. dispar at 18 sites in Europe; two in Slovenia, two in Spain, 12 in Greece, one in Hungary, and one in Croatia. Seven different trap types, G trap and eGymer 1-6, were evaluated June-September 2022 and 2023. Generally, captures of L. dispar started in late June and lasted until mid-August. Trap type affected captures. The G trap (consisting of a dark brown plastic rectangular parallel-piped body) caught significantly more L. dispar than other trap types in many instances, particularly when the peak of the flight period occurred. Captures of L. dispar in pairs of different trap types showed a significant correlation in trap catch in most investigations, suggesting that most detected comparable fluctuations in L. dispar abundance. We recommend that the G trap be used for wide-ranging surveillance of L. dispar in Europe.</p>","PeriodicalId":94077,"journal":{"name":"Journal of economic entomology","volume":" ","pages":"2545-2556"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11682955/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142635166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jing Ling, Yuan Li, Xia-Lin Zheng, Wen Lu, Xiao-Yun Wang
Fruit volatiles play a crucial role in the host localization by the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae). This study focused on identifying the fruit volatiles from Sanyue plum and Sanhua plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.), which are 2 varieties of the same species, and examined their impact on the behavior of B. dorsalis by using a Y-olfactometer. A total of 35 and 54 volatiles from Sanyue plum and Sanhua plum were identified, respectively. Among these, 23 volatiles elicited electroantennographic (EAG) responses by B. dorsalis adults, showing concentration-dependent effects in males and females. Ethyl butyrate, butyl acetate, butyl hexanoate, ethyl caproate, ethyl hexanoate, and hexyl acetate significantly attracted B. dorsalis compared to liquid paraffin, while nonaldehyde was avoided. There was no significant difference in the behavioral responses of both sexes to sorbitol esters, hexyl isobutyrate, and 1-tetradecene compared with the control liquid paraffin group. Interestingly, (3Z)-C-3-hexenyl acetate significantly attracted females, but not males. The above findings suggest that plum fruit volatiles are likely to facilitate the localization of host fruit by B. dorsalis adults and may even aid in mate-finding. This study opens up new avenues for exploring novel plant-based attractants that might be of value for the integrated management of B. dorsalis.
{"title":"Electroantennographic and behavioral responses of Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) adults to the volatiles of plum fruits.","authors":"Jing Ling, Yuan Li, Xia-Lin Zheng, Wen Lu, Xiao-Yun Wang","doi":"10.1093/jee/toae225","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jee/toae225","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fruit volatiles play a crucial role in the host localization by the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae). This study focused on identifying the fruit volatiles from Sanyue plum and Sanhua plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.), which are 2 varieties of the same species, and examined their impact on the behavior of B. dorsalis by using a Y-olfactometer. A total of 35 and 54 volatiles from Sanyue plum and Sanhua plum were identified, respectively. Among these, 23 volatiles elicited electroantennographic (EAG) responses by B. dorsalis adults, showing concentration-dependent effects in males and females. Ethyl butyrate, butyl acetate, butyl hexanoate, ethyl caproate, ethyl hexanoate, and hexyl acetate significantly attracted B. dorsalis compared to liquid paraffin, while nonaldehyde was avoided. There was no significant difference in the behavioral responses of both sexes to sorbitol esters, hexyl isobutyrate, and 1-tetradecene compared with the control liquid paraffin group. Interestingly, (3Z)-C-3-hexenyl acetate significantly attracted females, but not males. The above findings suggest that plum fruit volatiles are likely to facilitate the localization of host fruit by B. dorsalis adults and may even aid in mate-finding. This study opens up new avenues for exploring novel plant-based attractants that might be of value for the integrated management of B. dorsalis.</p>","PeriodicalId":94077,"journal":{"name":"Journal of economic entomology","volume":" ","pages":"2400-2412"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142407403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zi-Xuan Zeng, Jin-Hua Shi, Chang-Lai Qiu, Tao Fan, Jing Lu, Hazem Abdelnabby, Man-Qun Wang
Nitrogen has important effects on plant growth and defense. Although studies on the alternation in plant chemical defense by nitrogen fertilization have been extensively reported, how it affects physical defense is poorly understood. Two rice (Oryza sativa L.) (Poales: Poaceae) varieties (LDQ7 and YLY1) were applied with varying nitrogen regimes (0.90 and 180 kg ha-1) to study their physical defense against the brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) in this study. Results of the electrical penetration graph showed that BPH searching and penetrating duration time was shortened with increasing nitrogen application. Also, the tubercle papicle of rice leaves decreased with increasing nitrogen application, while rice leaves' surface structure and waxy composition changed with increasing nitrogen application. In field experiments, BPH populations increased with the application of nitrogen fertilizer. These findings suggest that nitrogen input can affect plant-insect interactions by reducing the physical defense of plants, which provides new ideas for the organic combinations of yield increase and pest control in rice fields.
{"title":"Nitrogen input reduces the physical defense of rice plant against planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae).","authors":"Zi-Xuan Zeng, Jin-Hua Shi, Chang-Lai Qiu, Tao Fan, Jing Lu, Hazem Abdelnabby, Man-Qun Wang","doi":"10.1093/jee/toae240","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jee/toae240","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nitrogen has important effects on plant growth and defense. Although studies on the alternation in plant chemical defense by nitrogen fertilization have been extensively reported, how it affects physical defense is poorly understood. Two rice (Oryza sativa L.) (Poales: Poaceae) varieties (LDQ7 and YLY1) were applied with varying nitrogen regimes (0.90 and 180 kg ha-1) to study their physical defense against the brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) in this study. Results of the electrical penetration graph showed that BPH searching and penetrating duration time was shortened with increasing nitrogen application. Also, the tubercle papicle of rice leaves decreased with increasing nitrogen application, while rice leaves' surface structure and waxy composition changed with increasing nitrogen application. In field experiments, BPH populations increased with the application of nitrogen fertilizer. These findings suggest that nitrogen input can affect plant-insect interactions by reducing the physical defense of plants, which provides new ideas for the organic combinations of yield increase and pest control in rice fields.</p>","PeriodicalId":94077,"journal":{"name":"Journal of economic entomology","volume":" ","pages":"2440-2449"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142515379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wing dimorphism is a distinguishing characteristic of brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) populations, wherein adults exhibit 2 distinct morphs: long-winged and short-winged. The presence of long-winged individuals often heralds the onset of migration, while short-winged morphs signify high reproduction and can be associated with population outbreaks. This phenomenon underscores the adaptability of these insects in response to environmental cues and their impact on agricultural ecosystems. Wing morphs of N. lugens are controlled by genetical and environmental factors. Mate choice between long and short-winged adults affects wing morphs of offspring. In this study, we found that the wild population had no persistent preference for choosing long-winged or short-winged adults to mate. But in 2 multigenerational selected lineages for long and short-winged morphs, the short-winged males preferred to short-winged females to mate and the long-winged males had no preference. In the nearly pure-bred lineages of long-winged and short-winged morphs, both wing morphs of females preferred for short-winged males. Purification of wing morph lineages enhanced mating preference for short-winged partners. When the wing developmental gene InR1 or InR2 was interfered by RNAi, the pure-bred lineage of long-winged morph mainly produced short-winged adults and the short-winged morphs produced long-winged adults, and these adults exhibited preference to mate with short-winged partners. The tendency to mate with short-winged morphs leads to more short-winged offspring which easily causes the rapid growth of populations.
{"title":"Tendency to mate with short-winged partner of the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae).","authors":"Yi-Nan He, Tong-Lei Bu, Xiang-Dong Liu","doi":"10.1093/jee/toae244","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jee/toae244","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wing dimorphism is a distinguishing characteristic of brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) populations, wherein adults exhibit 2 distinct morphs: long-winged and short-winged. The presence of long-winged individuals often heralds the onset of migration, while short-winged morphs signify high reproduction and can be associated with population outbreaks. This phenomenon underscores the adaptability of these insects in response to environmental cues and their impact on agricultural ecosystems. Wing morphs of N. lugens are controlled by genetical and environmental factors. Mate choice between long and short-winged adults affects wing morphs of offspring. In this study, we found that the wild population had no persistent preference for choosing long-winged or short-winged adults to mate. But in 2 multigenerational selected lineages for long and short-winged morphs, the short-winged males preferred to short-winged females to mate and the long-winged males had no preference. In the nearly pure-bred lineages of long-winged and short-winged morphs, both wing morphs of females preferred for short-winged males. Purification of wing morph lineages enhanced mating preference for short-winged partners. When the wing developmental gene InR1 or InR2 was interfered by RNAi, the pure-bred lineage of long-winged morph mainly produced short-winged adults and the short-winged morphs produced long-winged adults, and these adults exhibited preference to mate with short-winged partners. The tendency to mate with short-winged morphs leads to more short-winged offspring which easily causes the rapid growth of populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":94077,"journal":{"name":"Journal of economic entomology","volume":" ","pages":"2425-2432"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142515381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is a globally significant fruit pest traditionally managed using chemical insecticides such as lambda-cyhalothrin. However, repeated applications have led to the development of resistance in field populations. The mechanisms and fitness costs associated with lambda-cyhalothrin resistance in G. molesta remain poorly understood. In this study, we established a lambda-cyhalothrin-resistant strain (RS) of G. molesta through continuous selection with lambda-cyhalothrin in the laboratory for 21 generations, resulting in a 249.6-fold increase in resistance. Bioassay data from the F1 progeny (F1RS and F1SR) of reciprocal crosses between RS and susceptible strain (SS) showed similar degrees of dominance (0.40 for F1RS and 0.32 for F1SR). Significant differences between observed and expected mortalities of backcross individuals suggested that resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin is polygenic. Compared to the SS strain, the RS strain exhibited significantly prolonged periods of larval, prepupal, and pupal stages, as well as a significant decrease in larval weight. In addition, the RS strain showed significant reductions in fecundity, cumulative flight distance, maximum flight distance, cumulative flight time, maximum flight time, and average flight speed. These results suggest that resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin in G. molesta is autosomal, incompletely dominant, and polygenic. Life-history traits such as fecundity and flight capacity were significantly reduced in RS strains compared with the SS strain. These findings provide valuable insights for mitigating lambda-cyhalothrin resistance development and promoting sustainable control of G. molesta in the field.
Grapholita molesta (Busck) (鳞翅目:蓟马科)是一种全球重要的水果害虫,传统上使用化学杀虫剂(如高效氯氟氰菊酯)进行防治。然而,反复施用已导致田间种群产生抗药性。人们对 G. molesta 产生氯氰菊酯抗性的机制和健康成本仍知之甚少。在本研究中,我们通过在实验室中连续 21 代使用高效氯氟氰菊酯进行选择,建立了 G. molesta 的高效氯氟氰菊酯抗性品系(RS),其抗性提高了 249.6 倍。RS 与易感菌株 (SS) 相互杂交的 F1 后代(F1RS 和 F1SR)的生物测定数据显示出相似的优势度(F1RS 为 0.40,F1SR 为 0.32)。回交个体的观察死亡率和预期死亡率之间的显著差异表明,对高效氯氟氰菊酯的抗性是多基因遗传的。与 SS 品系相比,RS 品系的幼虫期、蛹前期和蛹期明显延长,幼虫体重明显下降。此外,RS品系的繁殖力、累积飞行距离、最大飞行距离、累积飞行时间、最大飞行时间和平均飞行速度都明显下降。这些结果表明,G. molesta对溴氰菊酯的抗性是常染色体、不完全显性和多基因遗传的。与 SS 株系相比,RS 株系的繁殖力和飞行能力等生命史性状明显降低。这些发现为减轻氯氟氰菊酯抗性的发展和促进田间 G. molesta 的可持续控制提供了宝贵的见解。
{"title":"Selection, inheritance, life-history traits, and flight capacity of Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) resistant to lambda-cyhalothrin.","authors":"Xiaohe Zhang, Sha Su, Chengzhi Jian, Baojian Huang, Jilong Zhang, Jinbo Suo, Xiong Peng, Maohua Chen","doi":"10.1093/jee/toae247","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jee/toae247","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is a globally significant fruit pest traditionally managed using chemical insecticides such as lambda-cyhalothrin. However, repeated applications have led to the development of resistance in field populations. The mechanisms and fitness costs associated with lambda-cyhalothrin resistance in G. molesta remain poorly understood. In this study, we established a lambda-cyhalothrin-resistant strain (RS) of G. molesta through continuous selection with lambda-cyhalothrin in the laboratory for 21 generations, resulting in a 249.6-fold increase in resistance. Bioassay data from the F1 progeny (F1RS and F1SR) of reciprocal crosses between RS and susceptible strain (SS) showed similar degrees of dominance (0.40 for F1RS and 0.32 for F1SR). Significant differences between observed and expected mortalities of backcross individuals suggested that resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin is polygenic. Compared to the SS strain, the RS strain exhibited significantly prolonged periods of larval, prepupal, and pupal stages, as well as a significant decrease in larval weight. In addition, the RS strain showed significant reductions in fecundity, cumulative flight distance, maximum flight distance, cumulative flight time, maximum flight time, and average flight speed. These results suggest that resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin in G. molesta is autosomal, incompletely dominant, and polygenic. Life-history traits such as fecundity and flight capacity were significantly reduced in RS strains compared with the SS strain. These findings provide valuable insights for mitigating lambda-cyhalothrin resistance development and promoting sustainable control of G. molesta in the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":94077,"journal":{"name":"Journal of economic entomology","volume":" ","pages":"2636-2645"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142559784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sheng-Yuan Yang, Yu-Ying Lin, Zheng Hao, Zi-Jie Li, Zheng-Qiang Peng, Tao Jin
The endoparasitoid Asecodes hispinarum (Bouček) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) serves as an effective biological control agent against Brontispa longissima (Gestro) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a notorious palm pest. Endosymbionts found in parasitoids and their hosts have attracted significant attention due to their substantial influence on biocontrol efficacy. In this study, we employed 16S rRNA sequencing, polymerase chain reaction, and fluorescence in situ hybridization to assess the symbiotic bacteria composition, diversity, phylogeny, and localization in A. hispinarum and its host B. longissima. Our findings showed significant differences in the richness, diversity, and composition of symbiotic bacteria among different life stages of B. longissima. Notably, the bacterial richness, diversity, and composition of A. hispinarum was similar to that of B. longissima. Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the dominant phyla, while Wolbachia was the dominant genera across the parasitoid and host. It was discovered for the first time that Wolbachia was present in A. hispinarum with a high infection rate at ≥ 96.67%. Notably, the Wolbachia strain in A. hispinarum was placed in supergroup A, whereas it was categorized under supergroup B in B. longissima. Furthermore, Wolbachia is concentrated in the abdomen of A. hispinarum, with particularly high levels observed in the ovipositors of female adults. These findings highlight the composition and diversity of symbiotic bacteria in both A. hispinarum and its host B. longissima, providing a foundation for the development of population regulation strategies targeting B. longissima.
内寄生虫 Asecodes hispinarum (Bouček) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) 是一种有效的生物控制剂,可防治臭名昭著的棕榈害虫 Brontispa longissima (Gestro) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)。寄生虫及其宿主体内发现的内共生体对生物防治效果有重大影响,因此备受关注。在本研究中,我们采用 16S rRNA 测序、聚合酶链反应和荧光原位杂交技术,评估了 A. hispinarum 及其寄主 B. longissima 中共生细菌的组成、多样性、系统发育和定位。我们的研究结果表明,共生细菌的丰富度、多样性和组成在 B. longissima 不同生命阶段之间存在明显差异。值得注意的是,A. hispinarum 的细菌丰富度、多样性和组成与 B. longissima 相似。在寄生虫和宿主中,固缩菌和变形菌是优势菌门,而狼杆菌则是优势菌属。研究首次发现,A. hispinarum体内存在沃尔巴克氏菌,感染率高达≥96.67%。值得注意的是,A. hispinarum 中的 Wolbachia 菌株被归入超群 A,而在 B. longissima 中则被归入超群 B。此外,Wolbachia 主要集中在 A. hispinarum 的腹部,在雌性成虫的产卵器中观察到的含量尤其高。这些发现突显了A. hispinarum及其宿主B. longissima中共生细菌的组成和多样性,为制定针对B. longissima的种群调控策略奠定了基础。
{"title":"Bacterial communities in Asecodes hispinarum (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) and its host Brontispa longissima (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), with comparison of Wolbachia dominance.","authors":"Sheng-Yuan Yang, Yu-Ying Lin, Zheng Hao, Zi-Jie Li, Zheng-Qiang Peng, Tao Jin","doi":"10.1093/jee/toae234","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jee/toae234","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The endoparasitoid Asecodes hispinarum (Bouček) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) serves as an effective biological control agent against Brontispa longissima (Gestro) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a notorious palm pest. Endosymbionts found in parasitoids and their hosts have attracted significant attention due to their substantial influence on biocontrol efficacy. In this study, we employed 16S rRNA sequencing, polymerase chain reaction, and fluorescence in situ hybridization to assess the symbiotic bacteria composition, diversity, phylogeny, and localization in A. hispinarum and its host B. longissima. Our findings showed significant differences in the richness, diversity, and composition of symbiotic bacteria among different life stages of B. longissima. Notably, the bacterial richness, diversity, and composition of A. hispinarum was similar to that of B. longissima. Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the dominant phyla, while Wolbachia was the dominant genera across the parasitoid and host. It was discovered for the first time that Wolbachia was present in A. hispinarum with a high infection rate at ≥ 96.67%. Notably, the Wolbachia strain in A. hispinarum was placed in supergroup A, whereas it was categorized under supergroup B in B. longissima. Furthermore, Wolbachia is concentrated in the abdomen of A. hispinarum, with particularly high levels observed in the ovipositors of female adults. These findings highlight the composition and diversity of symbiotic bacteria in both A. hispinarum and its host B. longissima, providing a foundation for the development of population regulation strategies targeting B. longissima.</p>","PeriodicalId":94077,"journal":{"name":"Journal of economic entomology","volume":" ","pages":"2314-2327"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142570866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The brown marmorated stinkbug, Halyomorpha halys Stål (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), is a polyphagous invasive insect found in the eastern United States in 1998 but became a major agricultural pest in 2010. Environmental temperatures regulate the location of invasive species establishment in new locations. To determine those areas where an invasive species might establish it is essential to understand the metabolic response of all life stages to temperature. Differential scanning calorimetry is a useful tool to monitor living organisms' metabolism at different temperatures, providing vital information related to the ability of the species to survive in new environments. The information obtained from isothermal and scanning calorimetric experiments on all the life stages of H. halys indicates that the third instar is the most thermoresponsive stage and eggs and fifth instar are the least thermoresponsive, whereas the third instars exhibit a broad range of thermoresponsiveness as compared to all other developmental stages. The recorded values for lower, optimal, and upper developmental temperatures in this study were similar to those reported by other researchers using laboratory and field data to develop degree-day models. This method can help in the rapid development of degree day models to improve and synchronize control efforts for newly invasive species.
{"title":"A different approach to identifying thermal parameters for invasive species.","authors":"Lisa G Neven","doi":"10.1093/jee/toae135","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jee/toae135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The brown marmorated stinkbug, Halyomorpha halys Stål (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), is a polyphagous invasive insect found in the eastern United States in 1998 but became a major agricultural pest in 2010. Environmental temperatures regulate the location of invasive species establishment in new locations. To determine those areas where an invasive species might establish it is essential to understand the metabolic response of all life stages to temperature. Differential scanning calorimetry is a useful tool to monitor living organisms' metabolism at different temperatures, providing vital information related to the ability of the species to survive in new environments. The information obtained from isothermal and scanning calorimetric experiments on all the life stages of H. halys indicates that the third instar is the most thermoresponsive stage and eggs and fifth instar are the least thermoresponsive, whereas the third instars exhibit a broad range of thermoresponsiveness as compared to all other developmental stages. The recorded values for lower, optimal, and upper developmental temperatures in this study were similar to those reported by other researchers using laboratory and field data to develop degree-day models. This method can help in the rapid development of degree day models to improve and synchronize control efforts for newly invasive species.</p>","PeriodicalId":94077,"journal":{"name":"Journal of economic entomology","volume":" ","pages":"2368-2375"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142585436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}