Journal of forensic nursing最新文献

Introduction: The relationship between sexual violence (SV) experiences and suicidal ideation (SI) is known. However, when applied to lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and more (LGBTQ+) populations, the impact that experiences with SV have on the severity and magnitude of SI continues to be explored. A scoping review of the literature was conducted to summarize the current literature related to SI experienced by LGBTQ+ adolescents and young adults (AYAs) who have experienced SV.

Methods: Studies were found by searching electronic databases. To be included in the review, the study must have (a) been written in the English language, (b) been conducted in the United States, (c) presented empirical data, (d) been exclusively focused on LGBTQ+ AYAs, (e) focused on experiences with SV or have analyses separate from other types of violence, and (f) investigated suicidality as an outcome. All relevant studies published to date were included. Forty-one articles were retrieved for full-text review, of which five were determined to meet eligibility.

Results: LGBTQ+ AYAs were significantly associated with increased rates of SI compared with their cisgender heterosexual peers. LGBTQ+ AYAs were also associated with higher rates of SV victimization, ranging from intimate partner violence to previous child sexual abuse. Higher rates of depression were also associated with the population studied in each included article.

Conclusion: The relationship between SV and SI in this population is not well studied, as highlighted through this completed review. Targeting this knowledge gap through future research can lead to intervention development for this population niche.

Background: Sexual violence by an intimate partner or by a stranger remains highly prevalent in the United States. Yet, the use of post-sexual-assault health care is still underutilized. Persons in vulnerable populations such as immigrants, LGBTQIA+, and Black women may experience additional barriers to care.

Objective: We sought to determine the extant research in this area, the methodologies used, and whether specific barriers exist for seeking sexual assault services. We sought to understand if barriers differed for vulnerable populations.

Inclusion criteria: Peer-reviewed literature published before September 2023, written in English, conducted in the United States, and that included survivors of sexual violence and explored barriers to seeking care postassault (i.e., sexual assault nurse examiners) were included in the review.

Methods: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews protocols were followed. PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and PTSDpubs databases were used to identify literature that met the inclusion criteria, from which we selected 14 publications.

Results: Much of the literature employed qualitative or mixed methods designs. Several studies focused on underserved minority groups, including immigrant women, Black women, and homeless youth. Common barriers existed on the intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, community, and societal levels.

Conclusion: The literature provided substantive context for the multilevel barriers, all contributing to survivors remaining silent rather than seeking much-needed help. Although there is a need for additional research on barriers to sexual assault services specifically, the extant research supports strengthening multilevel, alternative approaches to deliver much-needed services.

Background: Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a preventable national public health problem that results in adverse health consequences. Research suggests youth experiencing CSA are often of school age. Screening for early detection of health issues is integral to school nurse (SN) practice. Still, there is little evidence that routine screening when CSA is suspected is occurring in schools, despite recommendations that it should be. Lack of confidence and knowledge related to screening and reporting for CSA contribute to a SN's missed opportunity for early intervention.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe SNs' knowledge and self-efficacy associated with screening for and reporting suspected CSA in school settings.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was employed. The Child Abuse Report Intention Scale was sent to over 2,000 members of the National Association of School Nurses.

Results: Among SN respondents ( N = 123), the main findings showed almost half reported being concerned a youth was experiencing CSA but may have missed identifying it. Self-efficacy and professional responsibility were predictors of SNs' intention to screen as well as knowledge about obvious and serious signs of abuse were predictors of SNs' intention to report in this sample.

Implications: An educational partnership between forensic nurse examiners and SNs can facilitate improving SNs' knowledge about nonspecific physical and behavioral indicators of abuse that are not overtly obvious. The development of a screening tool specific for use by SNs can empower their confidence to screen by providing a resource for them to use as a guide when they are uncertain about the evidence.

Introduction: Hypermasculine prison culture produces hierarchies based on individuals' ability to assert dominance through strength and violence. Pain can impact physical strength, thereby limiting the ability to elevate or maintain social status within such hierarchies.

Aim: The aim of the study was to explore the pain experiences of incarcerated men who were embedded into hypermasculine prison culture.

Methods: Interpretive description co-positioned with relational ethics informed the study design. Twelve males participated in 1-hour interviews, which were transcribed verbatim and analyzed inductively to identify themes. The data analysis occurred in three phases: sorting and organizing, making sense of patterns, and transforming patterns into findings.

Results: We found that correctional settings were characterized by a social culture of toxic hypermasculinity that influenced the pain experiences of people who were incarcerated. Individuals who experienced pain were more vulnerable to self-isolation in situations in which pain threatened their ability to defend themselves and their previously established social status within the prison hierarchy. Yet, those who felt secure in subordinate hierarchical positions and had effective peer relationships perceived greater safety in communal settings, which proved to be a distraction from pain.

Conclusion: In the context of incarceration, positive peer relationships and perceptions of safety positively influenced individuals' experience of pain.

Background: The implementation of the recovery model into forensic mental health care promotes hope and has important implications for inpatients' community reintegration.

Aim: This study aimed to describe forensic mental health nurses' perceptions and experiences of providing care using the recovery model within a high-secure forensic hospital in Queensland, Australia.

Methods: Twenty-seven forensic mental health nurses were interviewed regarding their perceptions and experiences of providing recovery-oriented care within a high-secure forensic hospital.

Results: The participants described an individualized approach to recovery, both in the goals developed and in the level of support they required. There was an overarching shared goal across the participant group, which was focused on supporting patients to reintegrate back into the community. Inadequate resources (both internal and external), the severity of patient psychopathology, legal constraints, and the nursing role within the broader treating team were all perceived to present challenges to utilizing the recovery model within a high-secure forensic hospital.

Implications for clinical forensic nursing practice: To fully realize the potential of the recovery model, a system-wide reconceptualization is necessary.

Objective: This scoping review aimed to summarize the published literature on patient involvement in violence risk assessment. Two research questions reviewed the extent of patient involvement and what evidence exists.

Inclusion criteria: English-language peer-reviewed published articles of any methodology related to violence risk assessment toward others were included. Articles were related to forensic and mental health practice and involve patients directly in the process.

Methods: Five electronic databases were comprehensively searched, as well as the reference lists of included articles. Both authors reviewed articles for inclusion and extracted data from included articles.

Results: Fifteen articles met the inclusion criteria. Articles reported on three approaches to patient engagement in structured violence risk assessment: how patients were involved or experienced the process, using rating scales, and using questions related to patient self-perceived risk. In relation to what evidence existed, four main themes emerged: patient views about risk and their involvement in risk assessment, comparing the predictive accuracy of patient self-rated tools with clinician-rated tools, predictive accuracy of a patient self-rated tool, and comparing risk ratings between patients and clinicians.

Conclusions: There is a dearth of research published about involving patients in their own risk assessment. Patients report both positive and negative experiences of the process. From cohort-type studies, results have shown that patient self-risk assessment can have a similar predictive ability to the clinician ratings related to adverse violence outcomes. Findings from studies can pave the way for future clinical research around the tools that have been developed thus far.

Introduction: Forensic nurses routinely provide services to sexual assault victims who are uncertain about reporting their assault to police. The purpose of this study was to determine whether assault characteristics are related to the concerns about police reporting expressed by sexual assault victims who have forensic evidence collected but do not report their assault to police at that time.

Methods: We analyzed medical records of patients who received services at a hospital-based forensic nursing program between 2010 and 2021. Records were included if a sexual assault evidence kit was collected, the patient declined to report the assault to police, and the patient completed a nonreport sexual assault evidence kit supplement form that included a question asking why they chose not to report the assault ( N = 296). We qualitatively analyzed patients' reasons for not reporting the assault and then used two-variable case-ordered matrices and chi-square analyses to explore relationships between reasons for not reporting and assault characteristics.

Results: Identified reasons for not reporting included lacking information about the assault, fear of harm/retaliation, and self-blame/minimization. Physical force, drug/alcohol consumption, and victim-offender relationship were related to patients referencing lacking information and fearing harm/retaliation as reasons for not reporting, but not related to the frequency of patients referencing self-blame/minimization.

Implications: Results indicate that assault characteristics are related to reasons for not reporting at the time of the medical forensic examination. Being aware of these relationships may help forensic nurses provide patient-centered services and anticipatory guidance.