Materia socio-medica最新文献

Background: Adolescents are a susceptible population in terms of medication use. They are not only inclined to abuse illegal substances but are also prone to nonmedical medication use, which exposes them to a significant risk of various adverse drug reactions (ADR).

Objective: This research aims to assess medication use among adolescents in Sarajevo Canton.

Methods: This paper features information about the most frequently used medications, reasons for their use, sources of their procurement, ADR and concurrent use with other medications and/or alcohol. To obtain this data, a questionnaire with open- and close-ended questions was created. The survey was conducted online and 444 participants were included.

Results: Medications were used by 90.1% of adolescents. The most commonly used medications were non-opioid analgesics, antibiotics, dietary supplements, antihistamines and benzodiazepines. Mild to moderate pain was the most frequent reason for medication use. Participants were at risk of ADR, drug-drug interactions (DDI), and drug-alcohol interactions.

Conclusion: It is up to healthcare workers, especially pharmacists, to educate and guide adolescent patients on rational medication use and inform them about potential dangers following the use of these medications.

Background: Diabetes mellitus type 1 (T1D) is an autoimmune organ-specific disease with a wide range of clinical manifestations, in which the β cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans are destroyed by the action of autoreactive T lymphocytes and the formation of autoantibodies against β cell components. Among used serological markers of T1D, anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GAD65), anti-tyrosine phosphatase antibodies (IA2), islet cell antibodies (ICA), insulin autoantibodies (IAA) and anti-zinc transporter antibodies (Zn-T8) are of great significance.

Objective: This study aimed to analyze presence of type 1 diabetes-related autoantibodies (GAD65, IA2, ICA, IAA and Zn-T8 and effects of age and gender on their occurrence in pediatric population.

Methods: Sixty seven (N=67) T1D pediatric patients were included in the study. The levels of immunological parameters such as anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GAD-Ab), anti-tyrosine phosphatase antibodies (IA2-Ab), islet cell antibodies (ICA) and insulin autoantibodies (IAA) were determined by chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) and anti-zinc transporter antibodies (Zn-T8-Ab) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). For statistical analysis, we used SPSS statistical program.

Results: Our study revealed that among 67 patients with T1D (40 male and 27 female), with an average age of 12,1±3,9 years. The average age of diabetes diagnosis was 6,15±3,29 years. 24 (35,8%) cases were positive for GAD65, 15 (22,4%) for ICA, 34 (50,7%) for IAA, 16 (23,9%) for IA2 and 36 (53,7%) for Zn-T8. The largest number of patients had single positive antibody, the most dominated among them was IAA dominated (40,9%), then Zn-T8 (31,8%). According to Spearman correlation test Zn-transporter shows a significant positive correlation with age of the participants (p=0.027) and disease duration (p=0.006). Anti IA2 shows significant negative correlation with HbA1c (p=0.043). Zn-transporter is associated with patients age and duration of T1D.

Conclusion: In most cases, patients with T1D are positive for at least one of the specific autoantibodies. Zn-T8 is the most frequently detected and is an important serological marker of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Gender effects on autoantibodies seems to be insignificant, while age alongside disease duration shows important effects.

Background: C HIV/AIDS infection is characterized by a very low number of T lymphocytes (CD4), which makes sufferers vulnerable to various infections, and so they seek continuous care in Special Infections Units.

Objective: The purpose of the survey is to investigate the factors that contribute to the satisfaction derived from the health services provided to people living with the human immunodeficiency virus; and they are monitored at the Special Infections Unit of the University General Hospital of Alexandroupoli.

Methods: All patients who came to the Special Infections Unit of the University General Hospital of Alexandroupoli during the period June - July 2021 were asked to complete an anonymous questionnaire on satisfaction derived from the health services provided (E - PQ - SPCSS) and satisfaction derived from their work and quality of life (Occupational Stress Questionnaire, JCQ). The statistical package SPSS 19.0 was used for the statistical analysis of the data. With the help of the ANOVA statistical test, the differences between the variables were checked. P-Value in all audits was set at 0.05. Values showing equal to or less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results: They were 85 patients who participated. Amongst them, they were mainly men (75.3%), the mean age was 35-50 years (50.6%), residents of Thrace (62.3%). 37.7% of the participants said they had some difficulty accessing SIU. Quality of life was positively correlated with education (p<0.001) where the higher reported level of education was, the higher satisfaction rates were. A positive correlation (p<0.001) was also observed amongst income rates where the higher incomes reported, the higher the satisfaction rates were. Lower incomes were significantly associated (p = 0.029) with mental disorders (anxiety, depression). Quality of life was positively associated with both satisfaction with medical as well as nursing care (p <0.008). The adequacy and clarity of the information the patients receive from SIU physicians during their visit shows a significant positive correlation (p<0.001). In addition, there is a significant correlation regarding the problems patients may have experienced in the last 6 months in terms of access to treatment (p<0.021).

Conclusion: Participants showed high satisfaction rates from the medical and nursing care provided at the SIU of the PGNA. The opportunity of expression given to users - patients through satisfaction studies promotes and creates a climate of trust between them and the decision-making teams of health units.

Background: Pregnancy is an admirable biological process, resulting in significant changes in many of the body's normal systems so that they can support the development of the fetus. These changes involve hormonal changes, weight gain, immune system regulation, and others that need to be synchronized to maintain both maternal and fetal health.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare gut microbiome in neonates born by caesarean section and vaginal seeding with gut microbiomes of neonates born by caesarean section without vaginal seeding and neonates born by vaginal delivery.

Methods: In Democritus University of Thrace, from 2019 to 2022, gut microbiomes were compared for three groups of neonates. Group A included 110 neonates born by CS who underwent vaginal seeding, group B included 85 neonates born by CS without vaginal seeding and group C included 95 neonates born by vaginal delivery.

Results: Vaginal seeding in neonates born with CS resulted in gut microbiome which was similar to the gut microbiome of neonates born by vaginal delivery (including lactobacillus species and bacteroides). On the contrary, gut microbiome of neonates born by CS without vaginal seeding was "limited".

Conclusion: According to our findings, vaginal seeding alters the gut microbiome of the neonates born with CS. However, there is a need for further investigation to prove its efficacy and its safety for the neonate.

Background: Menopause is characterized by a series of symptoms and effects from the various systems and organs, for which, the decline in estrogen production from the ovaries is considered responsible.

Objective: The aim of this study was to make comparative study of the administration of the combination preparation of isoflavones and hyaluronic acid in menopausal women for the treatment of the symptoms of menopause, urogenital atrophy and osteoporosis in relation to existing hormone replacement therapies.

Methods: In this five-year, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study, a total of 274 postmenopausal women were enrolled and classified into three groups. Participants in group A, were 96 women who did not receive Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT), in the second group, 92 received daily treatment with tibolone (2.5 mg) as monotherapy, and in the third group, 86 received treatment with a pharmaceutical formulation of hyaluronic acid 120 mg and isoflavones. MF11RCE 80 mg.

Results: In the postmenopausal women of our study, a significant reduction of postmenopausal symptoms was found in both groups B and C of participants who received hormone replacement preparations compared to group A who did not receive HRT. Furthermore, no difference in efficacy was observed between the administered preparations of isoflavones and tibolone.

Conclusion: The combination of isoflavones and hyaluronic acid has the same efficacy as tibolone in menopausal symptoms.

Background: Twin pregnancies make up 2% to 4% of all births. Incidence of spontaneous twin pregnancies varies around the world, with percentages ranging from 8/1000 to >17/1000 births. The variation in twin pregnancy rates is thought to be due to dizygotic pregnancies, since monozygotic pregnancies have a consistent incidence of 3.5/1000 to 4/1000 births. The incidence of twin pregnancies after the widespread use of assisted reproduction has increased significantly.

Objective: The purpose of the present study is to investigate factors , who contribute to improve the perinatal outcome in twin pregnancies. Support will be provided by the results of twin pregnancies by the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Demokrition University of Thrace (Alexandroupolis, Greece) in the last fifteen years.

Methods: From the above Department, data were collected on the number of twin pregnancies, maternal age, gestational age, mode of delivery (spontaneous delivery or caesarean section), birth weight and rate of twin pregnancies with assisted reproduction.

Results: The results showed the increasing trend of twin pregnancies and births. A total of 304 twin pregnancies were identified (rate 2.75%). The rate of assisted reproduction was 34.83% in our sample, while the rate of cesarean deliveries was 95.5%, showing a large increase in recent years. In ten cases, normal delivery was successfully performed. The gestational age in twin pregnancies that ended with normal delivery was 37.37 + 3 weeks and the fetuses were both cephalic presentations. The main reason for admission of newborns to the NICU Department was prematurity.

Conclusion: The constantly improving education of perinatalists and understanding of the pathophysiology may lead to individualization of their treatment, and improvement of their prognosis based on recent scientific data from other international centers.

Background: Burns are a major cause of morbidity, including prolonged hospitalization, disfigurement, disability, and emotional trauma. Long-term absence from work and high healthcare costs for burn treatment have a significant socio-economic impact.

Objective: his study aims to evaluate the level of knowledge for burn management in the adult population of Thrace in Northern Greece and to determine factors associated with a better level of knowledge.

Methods: A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted οn a random sample of the adult population of Thrace. Data were collected using a structured pre-coded questionnaire, which included subjects' socio-demographic characteristics and the first aid practices for burns. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the effect of subjects' characteristics on their knowledge of burn first aid practices.

Results: A total of 711 subjects (49.6% males; mean age, 41.89±16.48 years) were included in the study. The incidence of a previous burn was 55.4%. Only 10.5% of the subjects would apply the optimal practice, consisting of rinsing the burn wound with cool running water for at least 10 minutes, applying only non-adhesive dressing on it and leaving the blisters intact. The optimal practice was independently associated with female gender (aOR=1.86, p=0.016), high education level (aOR=2.00, p=0.023), the presence of >3 children (aOR=2.27, p=0.009) and previous training in first aid (aOR=2.36, p=0.001). A large number of participants reported the application of toothpaste (38%), moisturizer (35.4%), aloe (31.8%) or yogurt (27.7%) to the burn surface.

Conclusion: Only a small proportion of the participants were aware of the optimal burn first aid practices, most of them female, of high socioeconomic status. We recommend a more targeted approach in the design of health campaigns in the future, in order to reach vulnerable parts of the population.

Background: Sleep is a vital physiological function for the maintenance of health and quality of life by ensuring body rest and restoring its energy levels. Remarkably, some children have sleep disordered breathing (SDB) that can disturb their normal sleep and affect the quality of their lives.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between SDB and growth impairments and wether the growth parameters vary among genders.

Methods: This study was conducted in two steps: 1500 questionnaires were distributed to children aged 3 to 12 years. The questionnaire covered personal information, medical history, and the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire. The latter was used to evaluate the incidence of sleep-disordered breathing and was completed by parents of the involved children. Growth assessment was then determined for the population to find the correlation between sleep disorders and growth impairments.

Results: A total of 931 completed questionnaires were returned (70.7% response rate). Among the respondents, 56.3% were females whereas 43.3% were males. The mean age was 8 years. The result showed that 16.11% of children were at high risk of sleep-disordered breathing. A significant effect of SDB syndrome on growth parameters (weight-for-age parameter z-score and BMI for age z-score) was observed among males. Concerning the weight for age z-score, a significant difference was found between the means of control and SDB individuals (P = 0.0302). In male groups, the difference was significant (P=0.043), while non-significant difference was found in female groups (P = 0.69).

Conclusion: This study highlights a significant effect of SDB on growth parameters among males aged between 3 and 12 years.

Background: In December of 2019, SARS-CoV-2, a new type of coronavirus, appeared, and it turned into an international epidemic. The consequences of the pandemic, especially the isolation measures, fear of infection and bad economic trends, as a result of the crisis, threaten people's basic psychological needs.

Objective: The objective of this research was to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and perceived social support of persons with disabilities in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Methods: The research included a total sample of 232 respondents with different types of disabilities. The Symptom Checklist (SCL-90) was used to verify the research objective, which assessed three dimensions: somatization, depression and anxiety. Also, in order to verify the research objective, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support was applied, which consists of 12 statements that measure the perceived social support of family, friends and other people. The research data was processed with descriptive and inferential statistics. The basic statistical parameters were calculated, while the t-test was used for an independent sample of respondents to verify the set objective.

Results: The results of the research showed that persons with disabilities, who were infected with the SARS-Cov-2 virus, had a significantly higher level of somatization, anxiety and depression compared to those who were not infected with the virus. The results in relation to social support did not prove to be statistically significant.

Conclusion: The obtained results lead to the conclusion that, in the future, interventions by experts of various profiles must be planned to preserve the mental health of persons with disabilities, which is why it is important to invest in the emotional, psychological, social, physical and spiritual well-being of the individual.

Background: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an acute inflammatory illness of the pancreas representing a true question in diagnostic process. Laboratory markers of the hepatobiliary tract such as liver transaminases with pancreatic enzymes give a true hint of a hidden diagnosis together with urea, creatinine and creatine kinase (CK).

Objective: This clinical study aims to show whether there is any correlation between alpha-amylase and CK or their ratio examining hospitalized patients with AP diagnosis.

Methods: From total number of 99 patients with a clinical picture of AP, 71 patients in this retrospective analysis (including both genders) were included according to the presence of two biochemical markers in collected laboratory analysis at admission and 72 hours later on a laboratory check-up: CK and alpha-amylase.

Results: The median CK value of AP cases was 92 (41.75 - 207.25) in the acute period and 73 (37 - 159) after 72h staying in the hospital without statistical significant (p=0.521; p<0.05). However, there was a statistically significant correlation between the parameters of CK at admission and creatine kinase after 72h staying in the hospital. The median value of CK/Amylase ratio in the acute period was 0.168 (0.069 - 0.532) and 0.386 (0.12 - 1.12) after 72 hours of staying in the hospital. There was a statistically significant difference between values of CK/amylase ratio in these two groups (p=0.000; p<0.01).

Conclusion: In conclusion, a connection between CK and alpha-amylase needs to be elucidated in further studies and its existence must be researched both in physiological and pathophysiological conditions, and it is two-way and very complex. This study helped us obtain significant information about the perspective of AP in the potential relation to other non-standard laboratory markers for some diseases.