Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.31489/2022ch3/3-22-15
N. Mukhametgazy, I. Gussenov, A. Shakhvorostov, H. Tenhu
The viscosity and the oil recovery ability of high molecular weight amphoteric terpolymer (ATP) were tested in different brines and compared with hydrolyzed poly(acrylamide) (HPAM) which is traditionally used in enhanced oil recovery (EOR). The results show that ATP provides higher viscosity at brine salinity ranging from 200 to 300 g∙L-1. This may give ATP an advantage over HPAM in high salinity reservoirs, which are abundant in Kazakhstan. Moreover, comparative polymer flooding experiments were carried out by injecting 0.25 wt.% ATP and HPAМ dissolved in 200 g∙L-1 brine into sand packs. The HPAМ flooding in high perme-ability (1.77 Darcy) sand pack leads to the increase of the oil recovery factor (ORF) by 18.5 % after 1 PV of brine injection. On the other hand, the injection of ATP into the low permeability (0.6 Darcy) sand pack re-sults in the ORF increase by 28.5 %. The obtained results show that ATP has a potential to become an alter-native to HPAM in 200 g∙L-1 and higher brine salinity reservoirs
{"title":"Oil Recovery at High Brine Salinity Conditions Using Amphoteric Terpolymer","authors":"N. Mukhametgazy, I. Gussenov, A. Shakhvorostov, H. Tenhu","doi":"10.31489/2022ch3/3-22-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31489/2022ch3/3-22-15","url":null,"abstract":"The viscosity and the oil recovery ability of high molecular weight amphoteric terpolymer (ATP) were tested in different brines and compared with hydrolyzed poly(acrylamide) (HPAM) which is traditionally used in enhanced oil recovery (EOR). The results show that ATP provides higher viscosity at brine salinity ranging from 200 to 300 g∙L-1. This may give ATP an advantage over HPAM in high salinity reservoirs, which are abundant in Kazakhstan. Moreover, comparative polymer flooding experiments were carried out by injecting 0.25 wt.% ATP and HPAМ dissolved in 200 g∙L-1 brine into sand packs. The HPAМ flooding in high perme-ability (1.77 Darcy) sand pack leads to the increase of the oil recovery factor (ORF) by 18.5 % after 1 PV of brine injection. On the other hand, the injection of ATP into the low permeability (0.6 Darcy) sand pack re-sults in the ORF increase by 28.5 %. The obtained results show that ATP has a potential to become an alter-native to HPAM in 200 g∙L-1 and higher brine salinity reservoirs","PeriodicalId":9421,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Karaganda University. \"Chemistry\" series","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82701924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The results of adsorption purification of used industrial oil in the presence of natural aluminosilicates, bentonite and mordenite, are discussed. It was found that the maximum degree of purification was achieved in the presence of mordenite and reached 61.68 % at an oiladsorbent ratio of 2.3 at a temperature of 70 °C. The data of the structural-group analysis of the oil showed that the main share of the hydrocarbon compo-nents removed during purification is accounted for by highly condensed aromatic ones. The supposed reasons for the different adsorption activity of bentonite and mordenite samples were judged from the data of chemi-cal, mineralogical, textural, and IR spectroscopic analysis. Based on the results of the IR spectra of mordenite samples, it was concluded that energetically active hydroxyl groups can be responsible for their increased ad-sorption activity. The used oil before purification is characterized by a high cyclicity of the hydrocarbons which included in the composition (aromatic hydrocarbons account for 38 % of the total), while the oil sub-jected to adsorption purification with mordenite (M-50) mainly becomes free of aromatic rings (the propor-tion of aromatic hydrocarbons decreases up to 19.6 %). This is a consequence of the high polarizability of ar-omatic hydrocarbons, in which, compared with other oil components, a dipole moment is easily induced un-der the influence of the electrostatic field of the adsorbent.
{"title":"Adsorption Purification of Used Industrial Oil Using Natural Aluminosilicates","authors":"E. Guseinova","doi":"10.31489/2022ch4/4-22-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31489/2022ch4/4-22-1","url":null,"abstract":"The results of adsorption purification of used industrial oil in the presence of natural aluminosilicates, bentonite and mordenite, are discussed. It was found that the maximum degree of purification was achieved in the presence of mordenite and reached 61.68 % at an oiladsorbent ratio of 2.3 at a temperature of 70 °C. The data of the structural-group analysis of the oil showed that the main share of the hydrocarbon compo-nents removed during purification is accounted for by highly condensed aromatic ones. The supposed reasons for the different adsorption activity of bentonite and mordenite samples were judged from the data of chemi-cal, mineralogical, textural, and IR spectroscopic analysis. Based on the results of the IR spectra of mordenite samples, it was concluded that energetically active hydroxyl groups can be responsible for their increased ad-sorption activity. The used oil before purification is characterized by a high cyclicity of the hydrocarbons which included in the composition (aromatic hydrocarbons account for 38 % of the total), while the oil sub-jected to adsorption purification with mordenite (M-50) mainly becomes free of aromatic rings (the propor-tion of aromatic hydrocarbons decreases up to 19.6 %). This is a consequence of the high polarizability of ar-omatic hydrocarbons, in which, compared with other oil components, a dipole moment is easily induced un-der the influence of the electrostatic field of the adsorbent.","PeriodicalId":9421,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Karaganda University. \"Chemistry\" series","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84750006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.31489/2022ch4/4-22-14
Z. Muldakhmetov, A. Gazaliev, A. Zhakina, Ye. P. Vassilets, O. Arnt
We obtained modified humic acid-based cross-linked composite pre-tuned to the sorbed copper ion. The composite synthesis had three stages. At first, we obtained prepolymerization complex using humic acids iso-lated from Shubarkol deposit oxidized coals and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with template (CuSO4). We used ultrasonic activation for uniform dispersion of multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Second stage comprised copolymerization in the presence of amine and cross-linker; here the prepolymerization composite complex with the template was fixed in certain nodes of polymer network. At the third stage, acid hydrolysis destroyed the bonds of the template with the composite macromolecules, the template was re-moved, and imprints complementary to the template in shape, size, and functionality were formed and re-tained “molecular memory”. Such tuning forms adsorption centers in the polymer network of the composite, which can repeatedly and highly specifically interact with the template, and highly selectively extract target molecules from solution, leading to significant increase in sorbent capacity. The reaction was controlled by direct and back titration, and added amine, which was determined using Elementar Unicube elemental ana-lyzer. The crosslinked composite can be used as a selective sorbent tuned to a specific metal ion.
{"title":"Synthesis of a Composite Based on Humic Acid Tuned to Sorbed Copper Ion","authors":"Z. Muldakhmetov, A. Gazaliev, A. Zhakina, Ye. P. Vassilets, O. Arnt","doi":"10.31489/2022ch4/4-22-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31489/2022ch4/4-22-14","url":null,"abstract":"We obtained modified humic acid-based cross-linked composite pre-tuned to the sorbed copper ion. The composite synthesis had three stages. At first, we obtained prepolymerization complex using humic acids iso-lated from Shubarkol deposit oxidized coals and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with template (CuSO4). We used ultrasonic activation for uniform dispersion of multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Second stage comprised copolymerization in the presence of amine and cross-linker; here the prepolymerization composite complex with the template was fixed in certain nodes of polymer network. At the third stage, acid hydrolysis destroyed the bonds of the template with the composite macromolecules, the template was re-moved, and imprints complementary to the template in shape, size, and functionality were formed and re-tained “molecular memory”. Such tuning forms adsorption centers in the polymer network of the composite, which can repeatedly and highly specifically interact with the template, and highly selectively extract target molecules from solution, leading to significant increase in sorbent capacity. The reaction was controlled by direct and back titration, and added amine, which was determined using Elementar Unicube elemental ana-lyzer. The crosslinked composite can be used as a selective sorbent tuned to a specific metal ion.","PeriodicalId":9421,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Karaganda University. \"Chemistry\" series","volume":"218 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83476617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The research purpose is to prove the probability of a direct quantitative correlation between proportion of the-se clusters and liquid viscosity. A quasi-polycrystalline clustering model of the liquid (in particular, melts) should be used. The Boltzmann distribution, the concepts of the chaotic particles and the virtual cluster size distribution should be applied to achieve this purpose. This study has analyzed the complete reference data on the temperature dependences of the dynamic viscosity for the alkali metals. As a result, a directly proportion-al correlation between viscosity and cluster content in liquid has been determined. It has provided the proba-bility for the quantitative concept of the quasi-polycrystalline clustering model on the liquid state of matter due to its properties. The concept of the chaotic particles in direct correlation to the Boltzmann distribution has been used as a basis. The Boltzmann energy spectrum has been used for the kinetic energy of the chaotic thermal particle motion in the solid, liquid and gaseous states of matter. As a result, their three energy classes have been distinguished with their presence in all aggregate states and in the sum constantly equal to one. Formulas to calculate the proportion of the virtually ordered clustering and complete chaotic fluid compo-nents have been deduced. These formulas have been derived with using the particle distributions by the energy class and cluster sizes.
{"title":"Direct Correlation between Fluid Cluster Structure and Its Viscosity","authors":"A. Makasheva, V. P. Malyshev, L. Bekbayeva","doi":"10.31489/2022ch4/4-22-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31489/2022ch4/4-22-5","url":null,"abstract":"The research purpose is to prove the probability of a direct quantitative correlation between proportion of the-se clusters and liquid viscosity. A quasi-polycrystalline clustering model of the liquid (in particular, melts) should be used. The Boltzmann distribution, the concepts of the chaotic particles and the virtual cluster size distribution should be applied to achieve this purpose. This study has analyzed the complete reference data on the temperature dependences of the dynamic viscosity for the alkali metals. As a result, a directly proportion-al correlation between viscosity and cluster content in liquid has been determined. It has provided the proba-bility for the quantitative concept of the quasi-polycrystalline clustering model on the liquid state of matter due to its properties. The concept of the chaotic particles in direct correlation to the Boltzmann distribution has been used as a basis. The Boltzmann energy spectrum has been used for the kinetic energy of the chaotic thermal particle motion in the solid, liquid and gaseous states of matter. As a result, their three energy classes have been distinguished with their presence in all aggregate states and in the sum constantly equal to one. Formulas to calculate the proportion of the virtually ordered clustering and complete chaotic fluid compo-nents have been deduced. These formulas have been derived with using the particle distributions by the energy class and cluster sizes.","PeriodicalId":9421,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Karaganda University. \"Chemistry\" series","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78733166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cryopolymers are a class of 3D structural polymers, which are widely used in tissue engineering. Using cryopolymerization technology, physical cross-linked macroporous cryogels based on gelatin and chitosan were synthesized at –12 ºC, –30 ºC and –70 ºC for application as carriers for cell cultures. The presence of functional groups was investigated by IR spectroscopy. The effect of temperature on physicochemical properties such as pore volume, density, gel fraction and biodegradation of cryogels was studied. The results obtained showed that the pore volume (up to 87.6 %) and the gel fraction (up to 80 %) increased, and the density (0.078 %) and pore sizes of cryogels decreased as the temperature decreased from –12 ºC to –70 ºC. The study of biodegradation showed that, polymers had a more degradable property in relation to saline solution with an increase in the cryopolymerization temperature. The results of electron microscopy showed the porous morphology of the surfaces of the synthesized cryogels. The average pore size varied from 150 to 300 μm. The toxicity test showed that aqueous extracts from cryogels did not have a highly toxic effect on MSCs in the adipose rats tissue, since the cell viability was 55–75 %
{"title":"Study of the effect of temperature on the properties of gelatin-chitosan cryogels","authors":"G. Kudaibergen, M. Zhunussova","doi":"10.31489/2022ch2/2-22-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31489/2022ch2/2-22-4","url":null,"abstract":"Cryopolymers are a class of 3D structural polymers, which are widely used in tissue engineering. Using cryopolymerization technology, physical cross-linked macroporous cryogels based on gelatin and chitosan were synthesized at –12 ºC, –30 ºC and –70 ºC for application as carriers for cell cultures. The presence of functional groups was investigated by IR spectroscopy. The effect of temperature on physicochemical properties such as pore volume, density, gel fraction and biodegradation of cryogels was studied. The results obtained showed that the pore volume (up to 87.6 %) and the gel fraction (up to 80 %) increased, and the density (0.078 %) and pore sizes of cryogels decreased as the temperature decreased from –12 ºC to –70 ºC. The study of biodegradation showed that, polymers had a more degradable property in relation to saline solution with an increase in the cryopolymerization temperature. The results of electron microscopy showed the porous morphology of the surfaces of the synthesized cryogels. The average pore size varied from 150 to 300 μm. The toxicity test showed that aqueous extracts from cryogels did not have a highly toxic effect on MSCs in the adipose rats tissue, since the cell viability was 55–75 %","PeriodicalId":9421,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Karaganda University. \"Chemistry\" series","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75054993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.31489/2022ch2/2-22-17
R. Nurdillayeva, A. Zhylysbayeva, A.K. Askarov, A. Bayeshov
The article presents an electrochemical method of wastewater treatment from Pb (II) ions with the help of granular graphite electrodes. The cathode was made of graphite particles and the anode was made of rod graphite. Features of wastewater treatment from heavy metals by using developed surface granular graphite electrodes were revealed. Electrochemical research was carried out in a flow mode in a two-chamber electrolyzer. Effect of different electrochemical parameters (current density, electrolyte flow rate, initial concentration of lead (II) ions in solution, size of graphite granules, and concentration of additional cations in solution) to the reduction process of Pb (II) on lump graphite was studied. Results reveal that the removal value of Pb (II) hit a peak at 150A/m2 current density and gradually decreased at a higher value. The efficiency of electrolysis in the flow mode was demonstrated. It was found that the initial concentration of lead ions in the electrode process was insignificant, while the concentration of additional cations had a significant effect. Using very small particles of granular graphite electrodes caused an agglomeration. At an optimal condition, (i=150 A/m2; V=150 ml/h; [Pb2+] = 200 mg/l; s= 0.05 cm3) treatment value of wastewater from Pb (II) ions reached 97.6±0.3 %.
{"title":"Electrochemical method of lead (II) ions removal from wastewater using granular graphite electrodes","authors":"R. Nurdillayeva, A. Zhylysbayeva, A.K. Askarov, A. Bayeshov","doi":"10.31489/2022ch2/2-22-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31489/2022ch2/2-22-17","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents an electrochemical method of wastewater treatment from Pb (II) ions with the help of granular graphite electrodes. The cathode was made of graphite particles and the anode was made of rod graphite. Features of wastewater treatment from heavy metals by using developed surface granular graphite electrodes were revealed. Electrochemical research was carried out in a flow mode in a two-chamber electrolyzer. Effect of different electrochemical parameters (current density, electrolyte flow rate, initial concentration of lead (II) ions in solution, size of graphite granules, and concentration of additional cations in solution) to the reduction process of Pb (II) on lump graphite was studied. Results reveal that the removal value of Pb (II) hit a peak at 150A/m2 current density and gradually decreased at a higher value. The efficiency of electrolysis in the flow mode was demonstrated. It was found that the initial concentration of lead ions in the electrode process was insignificant, while the concentration of additional cations had a significant effect. Using very small particles of granular graphite electrodes caused an agglomeration. At an optimal condition, (i=150 A/m2; V=150 ml/h; [Pb2+] = 200 mg/l; s= 0.05 cm3) treatment value of wastewater from Pb (II) ions reached 97.6±0.3 %.","PeriodicalId":9421,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Karaganda University. \"Chemistry\" series","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91172551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.31489/2022ch3/3-22-19
C.Y. Wu, W. Ling, Yuan Yao, M. Guo, N. Nuraje
The protection of Cumalic acid (CA), antioxidant, in the biochemical process in nature has aroused great interest.Polyphenol oxidase (PPO), an enzyme, plays a vital function in aging and browning of plants, such as vegetables, fruits and mushrooms. The interaction of CA and PPO reveals the important information in metabolism and aging. Thus, the molecular mechanism of CA binding with polyphenol oxidase (PPO) was explored by combining spectroscopic methods with molecular modeling. A three-dimensional fingerprint of the CA-PPO complex was built for the first time to characterize the interaction biopolymer between CA and PPO. Application of the spectroscopic methods indicated that CA effectively quenched the intrinsic fluorescence of PPO. The enthalpy change (ΔH°) and entropy change (ΔS°) suggested that the CA-PPO complex was predominantly stabilized by hydrophobic interactions CA and PPO. Building the λ-UV-F fingerprint of CA-PPO made it possible to demonstrate the three-dimensional interactions between CA and PPO. Subsequently, molecular modeling demonstrated that CA was primarily bound to PPO by hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds located at amino acid residues Ala202, His38, His54 and Ser206. The computational simulations were consistent with the spectral experiments demonstrating confidence in the three-dimensional model determined of the CA-PPO interaction.
{"title":"Three-Dimensional Fingerprint Spectroscopy Study on the Biopolymer System of Polyphenol Oxidase Binding with Cumalic Acid","authors":"C.Y. Wu, W. Ling, Yuan Yao, M. Guo, N. Nuraje","doi":"10.31489/2022ch3/3-22-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31489/2022ch3/3-22-19","url":null,"abstract":"The protection of Cumalic acid (CA), antioxidant, in the biochemical process in nature has aroused great interest.Polyphenol oxidase (PPO), an enzyme, plays a vital function in aging and browning of plants, such as vegetables, fruits and mushrooms. The interaction of CA and PPO reveals the important information in metabolism and aging. Thus, the molecular mechanism of CA binding with polyphenol oxidase (PPO) was explored by combining spectroscopic methods with molecular modeling. A three-dimensional fingerprint of the CA-PPO complex was built for the first time to characterize the interaction biopolymer between CA and PPO. Application of the spectroscopic methods indicated that CA effectively quenched the intrinsic fluorescence of PPO. The enthalpy change (ΔH°) and entropy change (ΔS°) suggested that the CA-PPO complex was predominantly stabilized by hydrophobic interactions CA and PPO. Building the λ-UV-F fingerprint of CA-PPO made it possible to demonstrate the three-dimensional interactions between CA and PPO. Subsequently, molecular modeling demonstrated that CA was primarily bound to PPO by hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds located at amino acid residues Ala202, His38, His54 and Ser206. The computational simulations were consistent with the spectral experiments demonstrating confidence in the three-dimensional model determined of the CA-PPO interaction.","PeriodicalId":9421,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Karaganda University. \"Chemistry\" series","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87342795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.31489/2022ch3/3-22-14
O. Toktarbaiuly, A. Kurbanova, O. Ualibek, A. Seralin, T. Zhunussova, G. Sugurbekova, N. Nuraje
Self-cleaning hydrophobic surfaces attracted public attention last few decades after discovering of lotus ef-fect. Ability of lotus leaves to keep cleanness in relatively dirty places and to clean up itself during rains di-rected to the development of novel materials and surface structure modification. The surface with such smart properties may have potential in cost-effectiveness in case of application it in skyscrapers, high buildings, etc. Two main criteria for the surface to express hydrophobic behavior are roughness and low surface energy of the coating material. In this study, superhydrophobic self-cleaning coatings were prepared by simple, facile and cheap method using easily available materials such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and TiO2 nanopar-ticles and fully characterized for direct usage. PDMS is a bonding layer and TiO2 nanoparticles are a rein-forced composite to form roughness, which shows superhydrophobicity. Characterizations showed that the as prepared superhydrophobic coating has a water contact angle up to 165.5°, with sliding angle of less than 5º. Also self-cleaning and surface microfluidic properties have been studied. The superhydrophobic properties of these coatings do not change even after exposure its surface to low temperatures and UV light. SEM images confirm rough structure of obtained surface on glass and sand grains
{"title":"Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Self-Cleaning Coatings by Facile Method: Stable after Exposure to Low Temperatures and UV Light","authors":"O. Toktarbaiuly, A. Kurbanova, O. Ualibek, A. Seralin, T. Zhunussova, G. Sugurbekova, N. Nuraje","doi":"10.31489/2022ch3/3-22-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31489/2022ch3/3-22-14","url":null,"abstract":"Self-cleaning hydrophobic surfaces attracted public attention last few decades after discovering of lotus ef-fect. Ability of lotus leaves to keep cleanness in relatively dirty places and to clean up itself during rains di-rected to the development of novel materials and surface structure modification. The surface with such smart properties may have potential in cost-effectiveness in case of application it in skyscrapers, high buildings, etc. Two main criteria for the surface to express hydrophobic behavior are roughness and low surface energy of the coating material. In this study, superhydrophobic self-cleaning coatings were prepared by simple, facile and cheap method using easily available materials such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and TiO2 nanopar-ticles and fully characterized for direct usage. PDMS is a bonding layer and TiO2 nanoparticles are a rein-forced composite to form roughness, which shows superhydrophobicity. Characterizations showed that the as prepared superhydrophobic coating has a water contact angle up to 165.5°, with sliding angle of less than 5º. Also self-cleaning and surface microfluidic properties have been studied. The superhydrophobic properties of these coatings do not change even after exposure its surface to low temperatures and UV light. SEM images confirm rough structure of obtained surface on glass and sand grains","PeriodicalId":9421,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Karaganda University. \"Chemistry\" series","volume":"83 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90745938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.31489/2022ch3/3-22-13
M. Sagyndikov, R. Kushekov, R. Seright
Polymer flooding is a promising and effective chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery (cEOR) technology. Polymer flooding is especially cost-effective, whereas other chemical flooding methods, such as Alkaline Surfactant Polymer (ASP), are not profitable and cause serious on-site problems (scaling, uptime decrease, injectivity is-sue, hard-breaking emulsions). Recent papers in the literature mention ~30 field polymer floods. Most of them reported technical success. Although, polymer flooding has been applied ~60 years, itstill requires fur-ther investigation to provide improvements. Thus, this paper describes important aspects and performances during for polymer flooding based on a review of recent projects, combined with the Kalamkas field experi-ence. A comprehensive literature review examines the applicability range in temperature, brine salinity, water source selection, oil properties, formation type, and permeability. Water source selection has an essential role during pilot/field project design and is one of the most responsible technical and economic success decisions. Polymer slug design has been extensively analyzed especially for the high viscosity oil fields, the selected oil/polymer viscosity ratio was usually much less than one. We placed significant emphasis on clarifying ob-served high polymer injectivities. We conducted feasibility studies of some reported ASP floods to clarify that this technology is not profitable at current oil prices. Also, we performed TAN analysis of three Kazakh-stan oil fields for screening of ASP flood.
{"title":"Review of Important Aspects and Performances of Polymer Flooding versus ASP Flooding","authors":"M. Sagyndikov, R. Kushekov, R. Seright","doi":"10.31489/2022ch3/3-22-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31489/2022ch3/3-22-13","url":null,"abstract":"Polymer flooding is a promising and effective chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery (cEOR) technology. Polymer flooding is especially cost-effective, whereas other chemical flooding methods, such as Alkaline Surfactant Polymer (ASP), are not profitable and cause serious on-site problems (scaling, uptime decrease, injectivity is-sue, hard-breaking emulsions). Recent papers in the literature mention ~30 field polymer floods. Most of them reported technical success. Although, polymer flooding has been applied ~60 years, itstill requires fur-ther investigation to provide improvements. Thus, this paper describes important aspects and performances during for polymer flooding based on a review of recent projects, combined with the Kalamkas field experi-ence. A comprehensive literature review examines the applicability range in temperature, brine salinity, water source selection, oil properties, formation type, and permeability. Water source selection has an essential role during pilot/field project design and is one of the most responsible technical and economic success decisions. Polymer slug design has been extensively analyzed especially for the high viscosity oil fields, the selected oil/polymer viscosity ratio was usually much less than one. We placed significant emphasis on clarifying ob-served high polymer injectivities. We conducted feasibility studies of some reported ASP floods to clarify that this technology is not profitable at current oil prices. Also, we performed TAN analysis of three Kazakh-stan oil fields for screening of ASP flood.","PeriodicalId":9421,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Karaganda University. \"Chemistry\" series","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77285551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.31489/2022ch4/4-22-16
V. Fomin, E. Usmanova, E. Gyul, N. Kelesbek, M.A. Turovets, O.I. Zemskiy, D. Saulebekov, S. Aldabergenova
The method of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was used in analysis of the archaeological enamel samples from the ancient settlement of Jochi Khan (XIV century). During the qualitative analysis, it was found that the elements of the enamel matrix are Si, Pb, K, Na, Mg, Ca, Al. The glaze color is due to the presence of copper and iron. Clustering by the k-means method revealed two groups of samples similar in composition of enamel, but differing in place of origin within the settlement. For the studied samples the semi-quantitative composition of glazes was established from the spectra of LIBS using a method based on the hypothesis of local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) and a chemometric approach (Projection to Latent Structures, PLS). Probabilistic deterministic design of experiment was used to search for pairs of element lines that are not subject to changes when the conditions for spectra registration vary, and to determine the coefficients in the equations based on LTR. Calculations using the PLC method were carried out in the “R” programming environment. The following content of the matrix elements was obtained in terms of the most stable oxides, %: SiO2 — 49–61, PbO — 23–31, MgO — 1.7–2.3, CaO — 4.6–6.9, Na2O — 4.1–5.3, K2O — 5.1–6.4, Al2O3 — 0.8–1.7, CuO — 0.32–0.4, Fe2O3 — 0.09–0.16. The results of both methods are generally consistent with each other. The inaccuracy between 4 parallel determinations were 15-24 % for LTE, and 9–14 % for PLS. Taking into account the data of semi-quantitative analysis, it was concluded that the division into two groups is based on a different ratio of copper and iron in enamel.
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