Pub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2024-05-08DOI: 10.1142/S0192415X24500289
Xiaoyu Ji, Ning Liu, Shucheng Huang, Cai Zhang
Licorice (Glycyrrhiza) is a medicinal and food homologue of perennial plants derived from the dried roots and rhizomes of the genus Glycyrrhiza in the legume family. In recent years, the comprehensive utilization of licorice resources has attracted people's attention. It is widely utilized to treat diseases, health food products, food production, and other industrial applications. Furthermore, numerous bioactive components of licorice are found using advanced extraction processes, which mainly include polyphenols (flavonoids, dihydrostilbenes, benzofurans, and coumarin), triterpenoids, polysaccharides, alkaloids, and volatile oils, all of which have been reported to possess a variety of pharmacological characteristics, including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, neuroprotective, antidepressive, antidiabetic, antiparasitic, antisex hormone, skin effects, anticariogenic, antitussive, and expectorant activities. Thereby, all of these compounds promote the development of novel and more effective licorice-derived products. This paper reviews the progress of research on extraction techniques, chemical composition, bioactivities, and applications of licorice to provide a reference for further development and application of licorice in different areas.
{"title":"A Comprehensive Review of Licorice: The Preparation, Chemical Composition, Bioactivities and Its Applications.","authors":"Xiaoyu Ji, Ning Liu, Shucheng Huang, Cai Zhang","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X24500289","DOIUrl":"10.1142/S0192415X24500289","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Licorice (<i>Glycyrrhiza</i>) is a medicinal and food homologue of perennial plants derived from the dried roots and rhizomes of the genus <i>Glycyrrhiza</i> in the legume family. In recent years, the comprehensive utilization of licorice resources has attracted people's attention. It is widely utilized to treat diseases, health food products, food production, and other industrial applications. Furthermore, numerous bioactive components of licorice are found using advanced extraction processes, which mainly include polyphenols (flavonoids, dihydrostilbenes, benzofurans, and coumarin), triterpenoids, polysaccharides, alkaloids, and volatile oils, all of which have been reported to possess a variety of pharmacological characteristics, including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, neuroprotective, antidepressive, antidiabetic, antiparasitic, antisex hormone, skin effects, anticariogenic, antitussive, and expectorant activities. Thereby, all of these compounds promote the development of novel and more effective licorice-derived products. This paper reviews the progress of research on extraction techniques, chemical composition, bioactivities, and applications of licorice to provide a reference for further development and application of licorice in different areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":94221,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of Chinese medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140878301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2024-05-25DOI: 10.1142/S0192415X24500356
Yi-Fu He, Yi-Ping Liu, Jin-Zhuang Liao, Yu Gan, Xiaoying Li, Rui-Rui Wang, Fang Wang, Jun Zhou, Li Zhou
Ovarian cancer is a common, highly lethal tumor. Herein, we reported that S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2) is essential for the growth and aerobic glycolysis of ovarian cancer cells. Skp2 was upregulated in ovarian cancer tissues and associated with poor clinical outcomes. Using a customized natural product library screening, we found that xanthohumol inhibited aerobic glycolysis and cell viability of ovarian cancer cells. Xanthohumol facilitated the interaction between E3 ligase Cdh1 and Skp2 and promoted the Ub-K48-linked polyubiquitination of Skp2 and degradation. Cdh1 depletion reversed xanthohumol-induced Skp2 downregulation, enhancing HK2 expression and glycolysis in ovarian cancer cells. Finally, a xenograft tumor model was employed to examine the antitumor efficacy of xanthohumol in vivo. Collectively, we discovered that xanthohumol promotes the binding between Skp2 and Cdh1 to suppress the Skp2/AKT/HK2 signal pathway and exhibits potential antitumor activity for ovarian cancer cells.
{"title":"Xanthohumol Promotes Skp2 Ubiquitination Leading to the Inhibition of Glycolysis and Tumorigenesis in Ovarian Cancer.","authors":"Yi-Fu He, Yi-Ping Liu, Jin-Zhuang Liao, Yu Gan, Xiaoying Li, Rui-Rui Wang, Fang Wang, Jun Zhou, Li Zhou","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X24500356","DOIUrl":"10.1142/S0192415X24500356","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ovarian cancer is a common, highly lethal tumor. Herein, we reported that S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2) is essential for the growth and aerobic glycolysis of ovarian cancer cells. Skp2 was upregulated in ovarian cancer tissues and associated with poor clinical outcomes. Using a customized natural product library screening, we found that xanthohumol inhibited aerobic glycolysis and cell viability of ovarian cancer cells. Xanthohumol facilitated the interaction between E3 ligase Cdh1 and Skp2 and promoted the Ub-K48-linked polyubiquitination of Skp2 and degradation. Cdh1 depletion reversed xanthohumol-induced Skp2 downregulation, enhancing HK2 expression and glycolysis in ovarian cancer cells. Finally, a xenograft tumor model was employed to examine the antitumor efficacy of xanthohumol <i>in vivo</i>. Collectively, we discovered that xanthohumol promotes the binding between Skp2 and Cdh1 to suppress the Skp2/AKT/HK2 signal pathway and exhibits potential antitumor activity for ovarian cancer cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":94221,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of Chinese medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141094734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Globally, cervical cancer poses a substantial public health challenge, with low and middle-income countries bearing the highest burden [Rajkhowa, P., D.S. Patil, S.M. Dsouza, P. Narayanan and H. Brand. Evidence on factors influencing HPV vaccine implementation in South Asia: a scoping review. Glob. Public Health 18: 2288269, 2023]. The incidence rate ranks second highest among female malignant tumors in China, following only breast cancer. The prognosis of advanced cervical cancer is extremely poor, with a 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate of only 15%, and the treatment of advanced recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer remains a huge challenge. An increasing amount of evidence suggests that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can significantly enhance sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs, strengthen antitumor effects, and notably improve adverse reactions associated with cancer such as fatigue and bone marrow suppression. In recent years, the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of Chinese herbal medicines, such as the Guizhi-Fuling-decoction, the compound Yangshe granule, Huangqi, and Ginseng, herbal monomers (e.g., Ginsenoside Rh2, Tanshinone IIA, and Tetrandrine), and the related extracts and compound formulations, have received extensive attention for the treatment of cervical cancer. This paper reviews the research progress of TCM in cervical cancer. In addition, we reported a case of an advanced cervical cancer patient with multiple abdominal and pelvic metastasis who initially received chemotherapy, was then treated with TCM alone, and subsequently survived for 22 years. The model of whole-process management with TCM can enable more cancer patients to obtain longer survival periods.
在全球范围内,宫颈癌对公共卫生构成了巨大挑战,中低收入国家承受的负担最重[Rajkhowa,P.、D.S. Patil、S.M. Dsouza、P. Narayanan 和 H. Brand。影响南亚 HPV 疫苗实施因素的证据:范围审查。Glob.Glob. Public Health 18: 2288269, 2023]。宫颈癌在中国女性恶性肿瘤中发病率仅次于乳腺癌,居第二位。晚期宫颈癌的预后极差,5 年无进展生存(PFS)率仅为 15%,晚期复发或转移性宫颈癌的治疗仍然是一个巨大的挑战。越来越多的证据表明,中医药能显著提高化疗药物的敏感性,增强抗肿瘤作用,明显改善乏力、骨髓抑制等癌症相关不良反应。近年来,桂枝茯苓汤、复方洋参颗粒、黄芪、人参等中药材、中药单体(如人参皂苷 Rh2、丹参酮 IIA、四逆散等)以及相关提取物和复方制剂在治疗宫颈癌方面的疗效和机制受到广泛关注。本文回顾了中药治疗宫颈癌的研究进展。此外,我们还报告了一例腹腔和盆腔多发转移的晚期宫颈癌患者,该患者最初接受化疗,后单独接受中医药治疗,随后存活了 22 年。中医药全程调理的模式可以让更多癌症患者获得更长的生存期。
{"title":"The Role of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Management of Cervical Cancer.","authors":"Dailin Wu, Ruisheng Zhou, Hongyu Chen, Yanli Pan, Ying Tang, Daihan Zhou","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X24500411","DOIUrl":"10.1142/S0192415X24500411","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Globally, cervical cancer poses a substantial public health challenge, with low and middle-income countries bearing the highest burden [Rajkhowa, P., D.S. Patil, S.M. Dsouza, P. Narayanan and H. Brand. Evidence on factors influencing HPV vaccine implementation in South Asia: a scoping review. <i>Glob. Public Health</i> 18: 2288269, 2023]. The incidence rate ranks second highest among female malignant tumors in China, following only breast cancer. The prognosis of advanced cervical cancer is extremely poor, with a 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate of only 15%, and the treatment of advanced recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer remains a huge challenge. An increasing amount of evidence suggests that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can significantly enhance sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs, strengthen antitumor effects, and notably improve adverse reactions associated with cancer such as fatigue and bone marrow suppression. In recent years, the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of Chinese herbal medicines, such as the Guizhi-Fuling-decoction, the compound Yangshe granule, Huangqi, and Ginseng, herbal monomers (e.g., Ginsenoside Rh2, Tanshinone IIA, and Tetrandrine), and the related extracts and compound formulations, have received extensive attention for the treatment of cervical cancer. This paper reviews the research progress of TCM in cervical cancer. In addition, we reported a case of an advanced cervical cancer patient with multiple abdominal and pelvic metastasis who initially received chemotherapy, was then treated with TCM alone, and subsequently survived for 22 years. The model of whole-process management with TCM can enable more cancer patients to obtain longer survival periods.</p>","PeriodicalId":94221,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of Chinese medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141094711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2024-06-13DOI: 10.1142/S0192415X24500447
Shasha Kong, Qian Liao, Yuling Liu, Yuting Luo, Sai Fu, Longfei Lin, Hui Li
Sophora flavescens has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for over 1700 years. This plant is known for its heat-clearing, damp-drying, insecticidal, and diuretic properties. Phytochemical research has identified prenylated flavonoids as a unique class of bioactive compounds in S. flavescens. Recent pharmacological studies reveal that the prenylated flavonoids from S. flavescens (PFS) exhibit potent antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and glycolipid metabolism-regulating activities, offering significant therapeutic benefits for various diseases. However, the pharmacokinetics and toxicological profiles of PFS have not been systematically studied. Despite the diverse biological effects of prenylated flavonoid compounds against similar diseases, their structure-activity relationship is not yet fully understood. This review aims to summarize the latest findings regarding the chemical composition, drug metabolism, pharmacological properties, toxicity, and structure-activity relationship of prenylated flavonoids from S. flavescens. It seeks to highlight their potential for clinical use and suggest directions for future related studies.
洋槐被广泛用于传统中药已有 1700 多年的历史。这种植物具有清热、燥湿、杀虫和利尿的功效。植物化学研究发现,前炔类黄酮是 S. flavescens 中一类独特的生物活性化合物。最近的药理学研究表明,S. flavescens 的前炔化黄酮类化合物(PFS)具有很强的抗肿瘤、抗炎和调节糖脂代谢的活性,对多种疾病有显著的治疗效果。然而,目前尚未对 PFS 的药代动力学和毒理学特征进行系统研究。尽管前炔类黄酮化合物对类似疾病具有多种生物效应,但其结构与活性之间的关系尚未完全明了。本综述旨在总结有关 S. flavescens 中前酰基黄酮类化合物的化学成分、药物代谢、药理特性、毒性和结构-活性关系的最新发现。旨在强调其临床应用潜力,并提出未来相关研究的方向。
{"title":"Prenylated Flavonoids in <i>Sophora flavescens</i>: A Systematic Review of Their Phytochemistry and Pharmacology.","authors":"Shasha Kong, Qian Liao, Yuling Liu, Yuting Luo, Sai Fu, Longfei Lin, Hui Li","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X24500447","DOIUrl":"10.1142/S0192415X24500447","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Sophora flavescens</i> has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for over 1700 years. This plant is known for its heat-clearing, damp-drying, insecticidal, and diuretic properties. Phytochemical research has identified prenylated flavonoids as a unique class of bioactive compounds in <i>S. flavescens</i>. Recent pharmacological studies reveal that the prenylated flavonoids from <i>S. flavescens</i> (PFS) exhibit potent antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and glycolipid metabolism-regulating activities, offering significant therapeutic benefits for various diseases. However, the pharmacokinetics and toxicological profiles of PFS have not been systematically studied. Despite the diverse biological effects of prenylated flavonoid compounds against similar diseases, their structure-activity relationship is not yet fully understood. This review aims to summarize the latest findings regarding the chemical composition, drug metabolism, pharmacological properties, toxicity, and structure-activity relationship of prenylated flavonoids from <i>S. flavescens</i>. It seeks to highlight their potential for clinical use and suggest directions for future related studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":94221,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of Chinese medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141307727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2024-03-26DOI: 10.1142/S0192415X24500150
Gelin Xiang, Sa Guo, Nan Xing, Qinyun Du, Jing Qin, Huimin Gao, Yi Zhang, Shaohui Wang
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a considerable clinical and public health burden worldwide. Mangiferin (MF), a flavonoid compound present in diverse species such as mango (Mangifera indica L.), papaya (Pseudocydonia sinensis (Thouin) C. K. Schneid.), zhimu (Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge), and honeybush tea (Cyclopia genistoides), boasts a broad array of pharmacological effects. It holds promising uses in nutritionally and functionally targeted foods, particularly concerning MetS treatment. It is therefore pivotal to systematically investigate MF's therapeutic mechanism for MetS and its applications in food and pharmaceutical sectors. This review, with the aid of a network pharmacology approach complemented by this experimental studies, unravels possible mechanisms underlying MF's MetS treatment. Network pharmacology results suggest that MF treats MetS effectively through promoting insulin secretion, targeting obesity and inflammation, alleviating insulin resistance (IR), and mainly operating via the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt, nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-[Formula: see text]B), microtubule-associated protein kinase (MAPK), and oxidative stress signaling pathways while repairing damaged insulin signaling. These insights provide a comprehensive framework to understand MF's potential mechanisms in treating MetS. These, however, warrant further experimental validation. Moreover, molecular docking techniques confirmed the plausibility of the predicted outcomes. Hereafter, these findings might form the theoretical bedrock for prospective research into MF's therapeutic potential in MetS therapy.
{"title":"Mangiferin, a Potential Supplement to Improve Metabolic Syndrome: Current Status and Future Opportunities.","authors":"Gelin Xiang, Sa Guo, Nan Xing, Qinyun Du, Jing Qin, Huimin Gao, Yi Zhang, Shaohui Wang","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X24500150","DOIUrl":"10.1142/S0192415X24500150","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a considerable clinical and public health burden worldwide. Mangiferin (MF), a flavonoid compound present in diverse species such as mango <i>(Mangifera indica</i> L.), papaya (<i>Pseudocydonia sinensis</i> (Thouin) C. K. Schneid.), zhimu (<i>Anemarrhena asphodeloides</i> Bunge), and honeybush tea (<i>Cyclopia</i> genistoides), boasts a broad array of pharmacological effects. It holds promising uses in nutritionally and functionally targeted foods, particularly concerning MetS treatment. It is therefore pivotal to systematically investigate MF's therapeutic mechanism for MetS and its applications in food and pharmaceutical sectors. This review, with the aid of a network pharmacology approach complemented by this experimental studies, unravels possible mechanisms underlying MF's MetS treatment. Network pharmacology results suggest that MF treats MetS effectively through promoting insulin secretion, targeting obesity and inflammation, alleviating insulin resistance (IR), and mainly operating via the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt, nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-[Formula: see text]B), microtubule-associated protein kinase (MAPK), and oxidative stress signaling pathways while repairing damaged insulin signaling. These insights provide a comprehensive framework to understand MF's potential mechanisms in treating MetS. These, however, warrant further experimental validation. Moreover, molecular docking techniques confirmed the plausibility of the predicted outcomes. Hereafter, these findings might form the theoretical bedrock for prospective research into MF's therapeutic potential in MetS therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":94221,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of Chinese medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140295764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2024-02-08DOI: 10.1142/S0192415X24500083
Fusheng Hao, Xinxin Deng, Xin Yu, Wen Wang, Wei Yan, Xi Zhao, Xiaofei Wang, Changcai Bai, Zhizhong Wang, Lu Han
Taraxacum refers to the genus Taraxacum, which has a long history of use as a medicinal plant and is widely distributed around the world. There are over 2500 species in the genus Taraxacum recorded as medicinal plants in China, Central Asia, Europe, and the Americas. It has traditionally been used for detoxification, diuresis, liver protection, the treatment of various inflammations, antimicrobial properties, and so on. We used the most typically reported Taraxacum officinale as an example and assembled its chemical makeup, including sesquiterpene, triterpene, steroids, flavone, sugar and its derivatives, phenolic acids, fatty acids, and other compounds, which are also the material basis for its pharmacological effects. Pharmacological investigations have revealed that Taraxacum crude extracts and chemical compounds contain antimicrobial infection, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, anti-oxidative, liver protective, and blood sugar and blood lipid management properties. These findings adequately confirm the previously described traditional uses and aid in explaining its therapeutic applications.
{"title":"<i>Taraxacum</i>: A Review of Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activity.","authors":"Fusheng Hao, Xinxin Deng, Xin Yu, Wen Wang, Wei Yan, Xi Zhao, Xiaofei Wang, Changcai Bai, Zhizhong Wang, Lu Han","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X24500083","DOIUrl":"10.1142/S0192415X24500083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Taraxacum</i> refers to the genus <i>Taraxacum</i>, which has a long history of use as a medicinal plant and is widely distributed around the world. There are over 2500 species in the genus <i>Taraxacum</i> recorded as medicinal plants in China, Central Asia, Europe, and the Americas. It has traditionally been used for detoxification, diuresis, liver protection, the treatment of various inflammations, antimicrobial properties, and so on. We used the most typically reported <i>Taraxacum officinale</i> as an example and assembled its chemical makeup, including sesquiterpene, triterpene, steroids, flavone, sugar and its derivatives, phenolic acids, fatty acids, and other compounds, which are also the material basis for its pharmacological effects. Pharmacological investigations have revealed that <i>Taraxacum</i> crude extracts and chemical compounds contain antimicrobial infection, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, anti-oxidative, liver protective, and blood sugar and blood lipid management properties. These findings adequately confirm the previously described traditional uses and aid in explaining its therapeutic applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":94221,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of Chinese medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139731253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2024-02-08DOI: 10.1142/S0192415X24500046
Zhaozhou Zhang, Liqing Du, Qiuchen Ji, Hao Liu, Zhenxing Ren, Guang Ji, Zhao-Xiang Bian, Ling Zhao
Liver Stagnation and Spleen Deficiency (LSSD) is a Chinese Medicine (CM) pattern commonly observed in gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, yet its biological nature remains unknown. This limits the global use of CM medications for treating GI diseases. Recent studies emphasize the role of gut microbiota and their metabolites in the pathogenesis and treatment of LSSD-associated GI diseases. There is increasing evidence supporting that an altered gut microbiome in LSSD patients or animals contributes to GI and extra-intestinal symptoms and affects the effectiveness of CM therapies. The gut microbiota is considered to be an essential component of the biological basis of LSSD. This study aims to provide an overview of existing research findings and gaps for the pathophysiological study of LSSD from the gut microbiota perspective in order to understand the relationship between the CM pattern and disease progression and to optimize CM-based diagnosis, prevention, and therapy.
{"title":"The Landscape of Gut Microbiota and Its Metabolites: A Key to Understanding the Pathophysiology of Pattern in Chinese Medicine.","authors":"Zhaozhou Zhang, Liqing Du, Qiuchen Ji, Hao Liu, Zhenxing Ren, Guang Ji, Zhao-Xiang Bian, Ling Zhao","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X24500046","DOIUrl":"10.1142/S0192415X24500046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Liver Stagnation and Spleen Deficiency (LSSD) is a Chinese Medicine (CM) pattern commonly observed in gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, yet its biological nature remains unknown. This limits the global use of CM medications for treating GI diseases. Recent studies emphasize the role of gut microbiota and their metabolites in the pathogenesis and treatment of LSSD-associated GI diseases. There is increasing evidence supporting that an altered gut microbiome in LSSD patients or animals contributes to GI and extra-intestinal symptoms and affects the effectiveness of CM therapies. The gut microbiota is considered to be an essential component of the biological basis of LSSD. This study aims to provide an overview of existing research findings and gaps for the pathophysiological study of LSSD from the gut microbiota perspective in order to understand the relationship between the CM pattern and disease progression and to optimize CM-based diagnosis, prevention, and therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":94221,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of Chinese medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139731258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2024-03-16DOI: 10.1142/S0192415X24500198
Wencong Tian, Ping Zhang, Lei Yang, Peng Song, Jia Zhao, Hongzhi Wang, Yongjie Zhao, Lei Cao
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a powerful anthracycline antineoplastic drug used to treat a wide spectrum of tumors. However, its clinical application is limited due to cardiotoxic side effects. Astragaloside IV (AS IV), one of the major compounds present in aqueous extracts of Astragalus membranaceus, possesses potent cardiovascular protective properties, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of AS IV on DOX-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC). Our findings revealed that DOX induced pyroptosis through the caspase-1/gasdermin D (GSDMD) and caspase-3/gasdermin E (GSDME) pathways. AS IV treatment significantly improved the cardiac function and alleviated myocardial injury in DOX-exposed mice by regulating intestinal flora and inhibiting pyroptosis; markedly suppressed the levels of cleaved caspase-1, N-GSDMD, cleaved caspase-3, and N-GSDME; and reversed DOX-induced downregulation of silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) and activation of the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in mice. The SIRT1 inhibitor EX527 significantly blocked the protective effects of AS IV. Collectively, our results suggest that AS IV protects against DIC by inhibiting pyroptosis through the SIRT1/NLRP3 pathway.
多柔比星(DOX)是一种强效蒽环类抗肿瘤药物,可用于治疗多种肿瘤。然而,由于其心脏毒性副作用,其临床应用受到了限制。黄芪苷 IV(AS IV)是黄芪水提取物中的主要化合物之一,具有强效的心血管保护作用,但其潜在的分子机制尚不清楚。因此,本研究旨在探讨 AS IV 对 DOX 诱导的心脏毒性(DIC)的影响。我们的研究结果表明,DOX通过caspase-1/gasdermin D(GSDMD)和caspase-3/gasdermin E(GSDME)途径诱导细胞凋亡。AS IV治疗通过调节肠道菌群和抑制化脓作用,明显改善了暴露于DOX的小鼠的心功能,减轻了心肌损伤;明显抑制了裂解的caspase-1、N-GSDMD、裂解的caspase-3和N-GSDME的水平;逆转了DOX诱导的沉默信息调节因子1(SIRT1)的下调和NLR家族含吡咯啉结构域3(NLRP3)炎性体的激活。SIRT1 抑制剂 EX527 能明显阻断 AS IV 的保护作用。总之,我们的研究结果表明,AS IV通过SIRT1/NLRP3途径抑制脓毒症,从而对DIC起到保护作用。
{"title":"Astragaloside IV Alleviates Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity by Inhibiting Cardiomyocyte Pyroptosis through the SIRT1/NLRP3 Pathway.","authors":"Wencong Tian, Ping Zhang, Lei Yang, Peng Song, Jia Zhao, Hongzhi Wang, Yongjie Zhao, Lei Cao","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X24500198","DOIUrl":"10.1142/S0192415X24500198","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Doxorubicin (DOX) is a powerful anthracycline antineoplastic drug used to treat a wide spectrum of tumors. However, its clinical application is limited due to cardiotoxic side effects. Astragaloside IV (AS IV), one of the major compounds present in aqueous extracts of <i>Astragalus membranaceus</i>, possesses potent cardiovascular protective properties, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of AS IV on DOX-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC). Our findings revealed that DOX induced pyroptosis through the caspase-1/gasdermin D (GSDMD) and caspase-3/gasdermin E (GSDME) pathways. AS IV treatment significantly improved the cardiac function and alleviated myocardial injury in DOX-exposed mice by regulating intestinal flora and inhibiting pyroptosis; markedly suppressed the levels of cleaved caspase-1, N-GSDMD, cleaved caspase-3, and N-GSDME; and reversed DOX-induced downregulation of silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) and activation of the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in mice. The SIRT1 inhibitor EX527 significantly blocked the protective effects of AS IV. Collectively, our results suggest that AS IV protects against DIC by inhibiting pyroptosis through the SIRT1/NLRP3 pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":94221,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of Chinese medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140137630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2024-05-27DOI: 10.1142/S0192415X24500381
Jia-Ni Li, Meng-Yu Wang, Yu-Rong Tan, Li-Li Wang
Atherosclerosis is a significant risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease and a leading cause of death worldwide. The occurrence of atherosclerosis is closely related to factors such as endothelial injury, lipid deposition, immunity, and inflammation. Conventional statins, currently used in atherosclerosis treatment, have numerous adverse side effects that limit their clinical utility, prompting the urgent need to identify safer and more effective therapeutic alternatives. Growing evidence indicates the significant potential of Chinese herbs in atherosclerosis treatment. Herbal monomer components, such as natural flavonoid compounds extracted from herbs like Coptis chinensis and Panax notoginseng, have been utilized for their lipid-lowering and inflammation-inhibiting effects in atherosclerosis treatment. These herbs can be used as single components in treating diseases and with other Chinese medicines to form herbal combinations. This approach targets the disease mechanism in multiple ways, enhancing the therapeutic effects. Thus, this review examines the roles of Chinese herbal medicine monomers and Chinese herbal compounds in inhibiting atherosclerosis, including regulating lipids, improving endothelial function, reducing oxidative stress, regulating inflammation and the immune response, and apoptosis. By highlighting these roles, our study offers new perspectives on atherosclerosis treatment with Chinese herbs and is anticipated to contribute to advancements in related research fields.
{"title":"Multidirectional Intervention of Chinese Herbal Medicine in the Prevention and Treatment of Atherosclerosis: From Endothelial Protection to Immunomodulation.","authors":"Jia-Ni Li, Meng-Yu Wang, Yu-Rong Tan, Li-Li Wang","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X24500381","DOIUrl":"10.1142/S0192415X24500381","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Atherosclerosis is a significant risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease and a leading cause of death worldwide. The occurrence of atherosclerosis is closely related to factors such as endothelial injury, lipid deposition, immunity, and inflammation. Conventional statins, currently used in atherosclerosis treatment, have numerous adverse side effects that limit their clinical utility, prompting the urgent need to identify safer and more effective therapeutic alternatives. Growing evidence indicates the significant potential of Chinese herbs in atherosclerosis treatment. Herbal monomer components, such as natural flavonoid compounds extracted from herbs like <i>Coptis chinensis</i> and <i>Panax notoginseng</i>, have been utilized for their lipid-lowering and inflammation-inhibiting effects in atherosclerosis treatment. These herbs can be used as single components in treating diseases and with other Chinese medicines to form herbal combinations. This approach targets the disease mechanism in multiple ways, enhancing the therapeutic effects. Thus, this review examines the roles of Chinese herbal medicine monomers and Chinese herbal compounds in inhibiting atherosclerosis, including regulating lipids, improving endothelial function, reducing oxidative stress, regulating inflammation and the immune response, and apoptosis. By highlighting these roles, our study offers new perspectives on atherosclerosis treatment with Chinese herbs and is anticipated to contribute to advancements in related research fields.</p>","PeriodicalId":94221,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of Chinese medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141156034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Neurological disorders (NDs) are diseases that seriously affect the health of individuals worldwide, potentially leading to a significant reduction in the quality of life for patients and their families. Herbal medicines have been widely used in the treatment of NDs due to their multi-target and multi-pathway features. Ginkgo biloba leaves (GBLs), one of the most popular herbal medicines in the world, have been demonstrated to present therapeutic effects on NDs. However, the pharmacological mechanisms of GBLs in the treatment of neurological disorders have not been systematically summarized. This study aimed to summarize the molecular mechanism of GBLs in treating NDs from the cell models, animal models, and clinical trials of studies. Four databases, i.e., PubMed, Google Scholar, CNKI, and Web of Science were searched using the following keywords: "Ginkgo biloba", "Ginkgo biloba extract", "Ginkgo biloba leaves", "Ginkgo biloba leaves extract", "Neurological disorders", "Neurological diseases", and "Neurodegenerative diseases". All items meeting the inclusion criteria on the treatment of NDs with GBLs were extracted and summarized. Additionally, PRISMA 2020 was performed to independently evaluate the screening methods. Out of 1385 records in the database, 52 were screened in relation to the function of GBLs in the treatment of NDs; of these 52 records, 39 were preclinical trials and 13 were clinical studies. Analysis of pharmacological studies revealed that GBLs can improve memory, cognition, behavior, and psychopathology of NDs and that the most frequently associated GBLs are depression, followed by Alzheimer's disease, stroke, Huntington's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Additionally, the clinical studies of depression, AD, and stroke are the most common, and most of the remaining ND data are available from in vitro or in vivo animal studies. Moreover, the possible mechanisms of GBLs in treating NDs are mainly through free radical scavenging, anti-oxidant activity, anti-inflammatory response, mitochondrial protection, neurotransmitter regulation, and antagonism of PAF. This is the first paper to systematically and comprehensively investigate the pharmacological effects and neuroprotective mechanisms of GBLs in the treatment of NDs thus far. All findings contribute to a better understanding of the efficacy and complexity of GBLs in treating NDs, which is of great significance for the further clinical application of this herbal medicine.
{"title":"Comprehensive Exploration of the Neuroprotective Mechanisms of <i>Ginkgo biloba</i> Leaves in Treating Neurological Disorders.","authors":"Qiwei Liu, Jinghui Wang, Zongyun Gu, Ting Ouyang, Honglei Gao, Hongxing Kan, Yinfeng Yang","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X24500435","DOIUrl":"10.1142/S0192415X24500435","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurological disorders (NDs) are diseases that seriously affect the health of individuals worldwide, potentially leading to a significant reduction in the quality of life for patients and their families. Herbal medicines have been widely used in the treatment of NDs due to their multi-target and multi-pathway features. <i>Ginkgo biloba</i> leaves (<i>GB</i>Ls), one of the most popular herbal medicines in the world, have been demonstrated to present therapeutic effects on NDs. However, the pharmacological mechanisms of <i>GB</i>Ls in the treatment of neurological disorders have not been systematically summarized. This study aimed to summarize the molecular mechanism of <i>GB</i>Ls in treating NDs from the cell models, animal models, and clinical trials of studies. Four databases, i.e., PubMed, Google Scholar, CNKI, and Web of Science were searched using the following keywords: \"<i>Ginkgo biloba</i>\", \"<i>Ginkgo biloba</i> extract\", \"<i>Ginkgo biloba</i> leaves\", \"<i>Ginkgo biloba</i> leaves extract\", \"Neurological disorders\", \"Neurological diseases\", and \"Neurodegenerative diseases\". All items meeting the inclusion criteria on the treatment of NDs with <i>GB</i>Ls were extracted and summarized. Additionally, PRISMA 2020 was performed to independently evaluate the screening methods. Out of 1385 records in the database, 52 were screened in relation to the function of <i>GB</i>Ls in the treatment of NDs; of these 52 records, 39 were preclinical trials and 13 were clinical studies. Analysis of pharmacological studies revealed that <i>GB</i>Ls can improve memory, cognition, behavior, and psychopathology of NDs and that the most frequently associated <i>GB</i>Ls are depression, followed by Alzheimer's disease, stroke, Huntington's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Additionally, the clinical studies of depression, AD, and stroke are the most common, and most of the remaining ND data are available from <i>in vitro</i> or <i>in vivo</i> animal studies. Moreover, the possible mechanisms of <i>GB</i>Ls in treating NDs are mainly through free radical scavenging, anti-oxidant activity, anti-inflammatory response, mitochondrial protection, neurotransmitter regulation, and antagonism of PAF. This is the first paper to systematically and comprehensively investigate the pharmacological effects and neuroprotective mechanisms of <i>GB</i>Ls in the treatment of NDs thus far. All findings contribute to a better understanding of the efficacy and complexity of <i>GB</i>Ls in treating NDs, which is of great significance for the further clinical application of this herbal medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":94221,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of Chinese medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141433723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}