World journal of methodology最新文献

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Synoptic review on existing and potential sources for bias in dental research methodology with methods on their prevention and remedies 关于牙科研究方法中现有和潜在偏差来源的综述，以及预防和纠正偏差的方法

World journal of methodology

Pub Date : 2023-12-20 DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v13.i5.426

Amit Arvind Agrawal, Nilima Prakash, Mohammad Almagbol, Mohammed Alobaid, Abdullah Alqarni, Hammam Altamni

The results of years of dental study serve as the foundation for the practise of medicine and, for that matter, dentistry. Doctors may have their own preferences for techniques and materials, but whether directly or indirectly, their decisions are influenced by systematic reviews and meta-analyses. However, due to poorly conducted or presented research, this very basic foundation may not be reliable. Bias in research is one of several factors that might make study results or research itself unreliable. Bias can be introduced into research at many stages, deliberately or unknowingly. Bias can appear at any point during the research process, even before the study itself begins. There are many biases in research, but some of them are more relevant to dentistry research than others. Because it is said that “eyes see what the mind knows”, it is essential to have a complete understanding of the different types of bias, how and when they get entrenched, and what steps may be taken to prevent or lessen them if they do occur. This comprehensive summary of bias in dentistry research is provided by this synoptic review. The goal is to identify gaps and measures that have been taken-or that should have been taken-by providing both descriptive and evaluative summaries, as well as examples from the literature, when needed.

多年的牙科研究成果是医学实践的基础，也是牙科实践的基础。医生们可能对技术和材料有自己的偏好，但无论直接还是间接，他们的决定都会受到系统综述和荟萃分析的影响。然而，由于研究工作不力或介绍不清，这一最基本的基础可能并不可靠。研究中的偏见是可能导致研究结果或研究本身不可靠的几个因素之一。偏见可能在许多阶段有意或无意地被引入研究。偏见可能出现在研究过程的任何阶段，甚至在研究开始之前。研究中有许多偏见，但其中有些偏见与牙科研究的关系更为密切。俗话说 "眼见为实"，因此，全面了解不同类型的偏见、它们如何以及何时变得根深蒂固，以及在出现偏见时可以采取哪些措施来防止或减少它们，是非常重要的。本综述对牙科研究中的偏见进行了全面总结。目的是通过提供描述性和评价性摘要以及必要时提供文献中的实例，找出差距和已经采取或应该采取的措施。

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引用次数: 0

Successful hip revision surgery following refracture of a modern femoral stem using a cortical window osteotomy technique: A case report and review of literature 使用皮质窗截骨技术成功完成现代股骨干再骨折后的髋关节翻修手术：病例报告和文献综述

World journal of methodology

Pub Date : 2023-12-20 DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v13.i5.502

Carlos M. Lucero, J. B. Luco, A. Garcia-Mansilla, P. Slullitel, G. Zanotti, Fernando Comba, Martin A Buttaro

BACKGROUND The ExeterTM Universal cemented femoral component is widely used for total hip replacement surgery. Although there have been few reports of femoral component fracture, removal of a broken femoral stem can be a challenging procedure. CASE SUMMARY A 54-year-old man with a Dorr A femur sustained a refracture of a primary ExeterTM stem, two years after receiving a revision using a cement-within-cement technique (CWC) through an extended trochanteric osteotomy (ETO). The technical problems related to the CWC technique and the ETO played a major role in the stem fatigue refracture. We performed revision surgery and removed the distal cement using a cortical femoral window technique, followed by re-implantation with an uncemented, modular, distally-fixed uncemented stem. The patient experienced an uneventful postoperative recovery. CONCLUSION Re-fracture of a modern femoral ExeterTM stem is a rare event, but technical complications related to revision surgery can lead to this outcome. The cortical window osteotomy technique can facilitate the removal of a broken stem and cement, allowing for prosthetic re-implantation under direct vision and avoiding ETO-related complications.

背景 ExeterTM 通用型骨水泥股骨组件被广泛用于全髋关节置换手术。虽然股骨组件断裂的报道很少，但取出断裂的股骨柄是一项具有挑战性的手术。病例摘要：一名54岁男子的股骨为Dorr A型，在接受了通过扩大转子截骨术（ETO）使用骨水泥内水泥技术（CWC）进行的翻修手术两年后，发生了初级ExeterTM股骨柄再骨折。与CWC技术和ETO相关的技术问题是造成骨干疲劳折断的主要原因。我们进行了翻修手术，使用皮质股骨窗技术清除了远端骨水泥，然后重新植入了非骨水泥、模块化、远端固定的非骨水泥柄。患者术后恢复顺利。结论现代股骨ExeterTM骨干再次骨折的情况很少见，但翻修手术相关的技术并发症可能导致这种结果。皮质开窗截骨技术有助于取出断裂的柄和骨水泥，在直视下重新植入假体，避免ETO相关并发症。

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引用次数: 0

Current protocol to achieve dental movement acceleration and pain control with Photo-biomodulation 通过光生物调制实现牙齿运动加速和疼痛控制的现行方案

World journal of methodology

Pub Date : 2023-12-20 DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v13.i5.379

Angela Dominguez

When designing a study on dental movement acceleration or pain control during orthodontic treatment, it is crucial to consider effective parameters. The objective of this editorial is to compile the most effective parameters supported by evidence that should be considered in future studies to achieve complete parameter homogenization. The protocol currently recommended to homogenize the parameters and facilitate the development of further meta-analysis in terms of acceleration of movement and pain control in orthodontics is Wavelength: 810 nm, 2.2 J per surface, 0.1 W in continuous mode/0.1 W average power in a super-pulsed, sweeping movement, 1mm from the mucosa, 22 seconds along the vestibular surface and 22 seconds along the lingual surface, the recommended speed of movement is 2 mm/sec, 1 application during each orthodontic control, to achieve dental movement acceleration and repeat the dose at 24 h to ensure pain elimination. The energy density and power density will depend on the spot size used in the equipment and the distance from the mucosa. It will strengthen the evidence of photobiomodulation as the best therapy to accelerate tooth movement and at the same time control the pain produced by orthodontic treatments.

在设计一项有关正畸治疗期间牙齿移动加速或疼痛控制的研究时，考虑有效的参数至关重要。这篇社论的目的是汇编有证据支持的最有效参数，这些参数应在未来的研究中加以考虑，以实现完整的参数同质化。目前推荐的方案是：波长：810 纳米，每个表面 2.2 焦耳，连续模式下 0.1 瓦/0.1 W 平均功率的超脉冲扫频运动，距离粘膜 1 mm，沿前庭面 22 秒，沿舌面 22 秒，建议运动速度为 2 mm/秒，每次正畸控制期间使用 1 次，以达到牙齿运动加速的目的，并在 24 h 重复使用剂量，以确保消除疼痛。能量密度和功率密度取决于设备使用的光斑大小以及与粘膜的距离。这将进一步证明光生物调制是加速牙齿移动的最佳疗法，同时还能控制正畸治疗产生的疼痛。

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引用次数: 0

Evidence-based literature review: De-duplication a cornerstone for quality 循证文献审查：减少重复是提高质量的基石

World journal of methodology

Pub Date : 2023-12-20 DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v13.i5.390

Barbara Hammer, Elettra Virgili, Federico Bilotta

Evidence-based literature reviews play a vital role in contemporary research, facilitating the synthesis of knowledge from multiple sources to inform decision-making and scientific advancements. Within this framework, de-duplication emerges as a part of the process for ensuring the integrity and reliability of evidence extraction. This opinion review delves into the evolution of de-duplication, highlights its importance in evidence synthesis, explores various de-duplication methods, discusses evolving technologies, and proposes best practices. By addressing ethical considerations this paper emphasizes the significance of de-duplication as a cornerstone for quality in evidence-based literature reviews.

以证据为基础的文献综述在当代研究中发挥着至关重要的作用，它有助于综合多种来源的知识，为决策和科学进步提供依据。在这一框架下，重复数据删除成为确保证据提取完整性和可靠性过程的一部分。本观点综述深入探讨了重复数据删除的演变过程，强调了其在证据合成中的重要性，探讨了各种重复数据删除方法，讨论了不断发展的技术，并提出了最佳实践建议。通过探讨伦理问题，本文强调了去重作为循证文献综述质量基石的重要性。

引用次数: 0

Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on hospital admissions for epistaxis in Germany COVID-19 封锁对德国鼻衄入院率的影响

World journal of methodology

Pub Date : 2023-12-20 DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v13.i5.446

A. Hoenle, Martin Wagner, Stephan Lorenz, Helmut Steinhart

BACKGROUND Reports of a decrease in hospital admissions during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown period have raised concerns about delayed or missed diagnoses and treatments for non-COVID-19-related illnesses. AIM To investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic-induced lockdown and its end on hospital admissions of patients with epistaxis in Germany. METHODS A retrospective analysis based on the national database of the Hospital Remuneration System was used to compare hospital admissions during defined time periods between 2019 and 2022 with the lockdown period as the reference period. This was done on a weekly basis before, during, and after the lockdown. An Interrupted Time Series was used as the analysis method. RESULTS In our analysis, we included 26183 patients. The implementation of the lockdown led to a substantial reduction in the overall occurrence of epistaxis among patients (P < 0.05). This effect was most pronounced in the age group of 0-39 years, where the decrease was highly significant (P < 0.001). However, there was no change observed in patients aged 80 years and older (not significant). With the end of the lockdown period, the overall number of patients, especially in the youngest age group, increased abruptly and significantly (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION During the lockdown period, there was a decrease in hospital admissions for younger patients with epistaxis, possibly due to the fear of COVID-19 exposure. We also conclude that the severity of epistaxis was not underestimated in the elderly during the pandemic.

背景有报道称，在冠状病毒病 2019（COVID-19）封锁期间，入院人数有所减少，这引起了人们对非 COVID-19 相关疾病诊断和治疗延迟或漏诊的担忧。目的调查 COVID-19 大流行引发的封锁及其结束对德国鼻衄患者入院情况的影响。方法以医院薪酬系统的国家数据库为基础进行回顾性分析，比较 2019 年至 2022 年期间特定时间段内的住院情况，并以封锁期为参照期。分析以封锁前、封锁期间和封锁后的每周为基础进行。分析方法采用间断时间序列。结果在分析中，我们纳入了 26183 名患者。封锁的实施大大降低了患者鼻衄的总体发生率（P < 0.05）。这种效果在 0-39 岁年龄组最为明显，下降幅度非常大（P < 0.001）。然而，在 80 岁及以上的患者中没有观察到任何变化（无显著性）。随着封锁期的结束，患者总人数，尤其是最年轻年龄组的患者人数突然大幅增加（P < 0.01）。结论在封锁期间，年轻鼻衄患者的入院人数有所减少，这可能是由于害怕接触 COVID-19。我们还得出结论，大流行期间老年人鼻衄的严重程度并未被低估。

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引用次数: 0

Challenges and limitations of synthetic minority oversampling techniques in machine learning 机器学习中合成少数群体超采样技术的挑战和局限性

World journal of methodology

Pub Date : 2023-12-20 DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v13.i5.373

I. Alkhawaldeh, Ibrahem Albalkhi, Abdulqadir J Naswhan

Oversampling is the most utilized approach to deal with class-imbalanced datasets, as seen by the plethora of oversampling methods developed in the last two decades. We argue in the following editorial the issues with oversampling that stem from the possibility of overfitting and the generation of synthetic cases that might not accurately represent the minority class. These limitations should be considered when using oversampling techniques. We also propose several alternate strategies for dealing with imbalanced data, as well as a future work perspective.

过度取样是处理阶级不平衡数据集的最常用方法，这一点从过去二十年中开发的大量过度取样方法中可见一斑。在下面的社论中，我们将论证超采样的问题，这些问题源于过度拟合的可能性以及生成的合成案例可能无法准确代表少数群体。在使用超采样技术时应考虑到这些局限性。我们还提出了几种处理不平衡数据的替代策略以及未来工作展望。

引用次数: 0

Telemedicine in inflammatory bowel diseases: A new brick in the medicine of the future? 炎症性肠病的远程医疗：未来医学的一块新砖？

World journal of methodology

Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v13.i4.194

Antonietta Gerarda Gravina, Raffaele Pellegrino, Tommaso Durante, Giovanna Palladino, Rossella D'Onofrio, Simone Mammone, Giusi Arboretto, Salvatore Auletta, Giuseppe Imperio, Andrea Ventura, Mario Romeo, Alessandro Federico

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic digestive disease that requires continuous monitoring by healthcare professionals to determine the appropriate therapy and monitor short-term and long-term complications. The progressive development of information technology has enabled healthcare personnel to deliver care services to patients remotely. Therefore, various applications of telemedicine in IBD management have evolved, including telemonitoring, teleconsulting, teleducation, telenursing, telenutrition, and telepathology. While evidence has been provided for some telemedicine applications, targeted studies are still required. This review summarises the major studies that have evaluated telemedicine and its application in the management of IBD.

炎症性肠病（IBD）是一种慢性消化系统疾病，需要医疗专业人员进行持续监测，以确定合适的治疗方法并监测短期和长期并发症。信息技术的不断发展使医护人员能够远程为患者提供护理服务。因此，远程医疗在IBD管理中的各种应用已经发展起来，包括远程监测、远程会诊、远程教育、远程护理、远程营养和远程病理学。虽然已经为一些远程医疗应用提供了证据，但仍需要进行有针对性的研究。这篇综述总结了评估远程医疗及其在IBD管理中的应用的主要研究。

引用次数: 0

Mapping research trends of transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma from 2012 to 2021: A bibliometric analysis. 2012年至2021年肝细胞癌经动脉化疗栓塞的研究趋势：文献计量学分析。

World journal of methodology

Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v13.i4.345

Na Zhang, Xiao-Feng He, Xiang-Ke Niu

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is a therapy where drugs aimed to slow or halt tumor development are injected into the artery supplying for HCC tissues. A comprehensive analysis of all the articles on TACE for HCC can give us a general understanding of the progress in this field and provide guidance for future research.

Aim: To analyze and visualize scientific results and research trends in TACE treatment for HCC.

Methods: The "Web of Science" database was used to identify articles regarding TACE for the treatment of HCC from 2012 to 2021. VOSviewer and CiteSpace were used to analyze the publications trends, collaboration between countries/insti-tutions/authors, and the co-occurrence of keywords, keyword bursts, and references.

Results: A total of 5728 original articles on TACE for HCC were retrieved. Regarding the volume of publications, the total number of yearly publications showed a generally increasing trend. China had the highest number of articles, while the United States achieved the highest Hirsch index and highest number of citations. The Sun Yat-sen University in China was most prolific institution. The most active author was Park, J.W from South Korea. The Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology (234 articles) was the most productive journal. There is a growing trend toward international collaboration in TACE for HCC. Cluster networks of co-cited references suggested that practice guidelines and targeted therapies are an essential theme in this field. In addition, cluster analysis based on keyword co-occurrence identified the research topic "prediction of TACE treatment" as a hotspot, and propensity score matching can be used to help investigators conduct innovative studies in the future.

Conclusion: The results of our bibliometric analysis provide the latest trends and hot topics in TACE therapy for HCC.

背景：肝细胞癌（HCC）是全球第五大癌症，也是癌症相关死亡的第二大原因。经导管动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）是一种将旨在减缓或阻止肿瘤发展的药物注射到HCC组织的动脉中的治疗方法。综合分析所有关于肝癌TACE的文章，可以让我们大致了解该领域的进展，并为未来的研究提供指导。目的：分析和可视化TACE治疗HCC的科学结果和研究趋势。方法：使用“Web of Science”数据库来识别2012年至2021年关于TACE治疗肝癌的文章。VOSviewer和CiteSpace用于分析出版物趋势、国家/机构/作者之间的合作，以及关键词、关键词突发和参考文献的共同出现。结果：共检索到5728篇关于肝细胞癌TACE的原始文章。关于出版物数量，年度出版物总数总体呈增长趋势。中国的文章数量最高，而美国的赫希指数和引用次数最高。中国的中山大学是最多产的学府。最活跃的作家是来自韩国的朴。《血管与介入放射学杂志》（234篇文章）是产量最高的期刊。肝细胞癌TACE的国际合作趋势日益明显。共引参考文献的集群网络表明，实践指南和靶向治疗是该领域的一个重要主题。此外，基于关键词共现的聚类分析将研究主题“TACE治疗的预测”确定为热点，倾向得分匹配可用于帮助研究人员在未来进行创新研究。结论：文献计量学分析结果为肝细胞癌TACE治疗提供了最新趋势和热点。

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引用次数: 0

Importance of methodological considerations in documenting psychological trauma. 记录心理创伤的方法论考虑的重要性。

World journal of methodology

Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v13.i4.166

Gentian Vyshka, Fatime Elezi, Tedi Mana

The documentation of psychological trauma is obviously a challenge to clinicians while they are diving deep into remote events related to their clients or patients. The potential role of psychological trauma in the early developmental stages, and even the existence of adverse childhood experiences, is important to prove, yet it is difficult to do so. A diverse range of methods have been applied, all of which presumably benchmark a big therapeutic step; however, these enthusiastic methods frequently do not last for long. While hypnosis supporters, Freudian and Neo-Freudian disciples can be acute enough to enhance and uncover suppressed memories, modern psychiatry relies mostly on diversely structured interviews. Functional magnetic resonance and its related subtleties might help, but the questions that remain unanswered are numerous and confusing. Connecting early experiences with long-term memory while identifying psychological trauma its importance for the individual's growth trajectory; thus, it remains an intriguing issue.

当临床医生深入研究与客户或患者相关的远程事件时，心理创伤的记录显然是一个挑战。心理创伤在早期发育阶段的潜在作用，甚至是不良童年经历的存在，都需要证明，但很难做到这一点。已经应用了各种各样的方法，所有这些方法都可能是一个重要的治疗步骤；然而，这些热情的方法往往不会持续太久。虽然催眠的支持者、弗洛伊德和新弗洛伊德的门徒可以足够敏锐地增强和揭示被压抑的记忆，但现代精神病学主要依赖于结构多样的访谈。功能磁共振及其相关的微妙之处可能会有所帮助，但仍有许多问题没有得到解答，令人困惑。将早期经历与长期记忆联系起来，同时确定心理创伤对个人成长轨迹的重要性；因此，这仍然是一个有趣的问题。

引用次数: 0

Role of endoscopic ultrasound and endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition in diagnosing hepatic focal lesions. 内镜超声和内镜超声引导下组织采集在诊断肝脏局灶性病变中的作用。

World journal of methodology

Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v13.i4.287

Hussein Hassan Okasha, Hanane Delsa, Abdelmoneim Alsawaf, Ahmed Morad Hashim, Hani M Khattab, Dalia Abdelfatah, Abeer Abdellatef, Amr Albitar

Background: Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) has become an established method in diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in gastroenterology; however, it has recently gained a growing role in hepatology.

Aim: To evaluate the role of EUS features, strain elastography (SE), and EUS-tissue acquisition in diagnosing hepatic focal lesions (HFLs) that could affect further management.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 215 patients with pancreatic, biliary, or gastrointestinal malignancies referred for EUS examination. HFLs were identified in 43 patients (20%), and EUS-guided tissue acquisition was performed from these lesions.

Results: EUS features were highly sensitive (100%) but much less specific (57%) in diagnosing HFLs; the overall accuracy was 94%. Real-time elastography was also very sensitive (97%) but less specific (67%) in diagnosing HFLs; however, the overall accuracy was 92%. EUS tissue acquisition was extremely sensitive (100%) and specific (100%), with a 100% overall diagnostic accuracy.

Conclusion: The diagnostic utility of EUS-guided tissue acquisition was extremely accurate in diagnosing HFLs. EUS characteristics and real-time SE accurately predicted the histological diagnosis of both benign and malignant HFLs.

背景：内镜超声检查（EUS）已成为胃肠病诊断和治疗程序中的一种既定方法；然而，它最近在肝病学中的作用越来越大。目的：评估EUS特征、应变弹性成像（SE）和EUS组织采集在诊断肝局灶性病变（HFL）中的作用，这些病变可能会影响进一步的治疗。方法：这项横断面研究纳入了215名胰腺、胆道或胃肠道恶性肿瘤患者进行EUS检查。在43名患者（20%）中发现了HFL，并对这些病变进行了EUS引导的组织采集。结果：超声心动图特征对HFL的诊断敏感性高（100%），但特异性低（57%）；总体准确率为94%。实时弹性成像在诊断HFL方面也非常敏感（97%），但特异性较低（67%）；但总体准确率为92%。EUS组织采集具有极高的敏感性（100%）和特异性（100%），总体诊断准确率为100%。结论：EUS引导下的组织采集对HFL的诊断非常准确。EUS特征和实时SE准确预测了良性和恶性HFL的组织学诊断。

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