H. Ratna, Madhan Jeyaraman, Naveen Jeyaraman, A. Nallakumarasamy, Shilpa Sharma, Manish Khanna, Ashim Gupta
Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee joint is considered the commonest musculoskeletal condition leading to marked disability for patients residing in various regions around the globe. Application of machine learning (ML) in doing research regarding OA has brought about various clinical advances viz, OA being diagnosed at preliminary stages, prediction of chances of development of OA among the population, discovering various phenotypes of OA, calculating the severity in OA structure and also discovering people with slow and fast progression of disease pathology, etc. Various publications are available regarding machine learning methods for the early detection of osteoarthritis. The key features are detected by morphology, molecular architecture, and electrical and mechanical functions. In addition, this particular technique was utilized to assess non-interfering, non-ionizing, and in-vivo techniques using magnetic resonance imaging. ML is being utilized in OA, chiefly with the formulation of large cohorts viz, the OA Initiative, a cohort observational study, the Multi-centre Osteoarthritis Study, an observational, prospective longitudinal study and the Cohort Hip & Cohort Knee, an observational cohort prospective study of both hip and knee OA. Though ML has various contributions and enhancing applications, it remains an imminent field with high potential, also with its limitations. Many more studies are to be carried out to find more about the link between machine learning and knee osteoarthritis, which would help in the improvement of making decisions clinically, and expedite the necessary interventions.
膝关节骨性关节炎（OA）被认为是最常见的肌肉骨骼疾病，会导致全球不同地区的患者明显残疾。应用机器学习（ML）进行有关 OA 的研究带来了各种临床进展，如在初期阶段诊断 OA、预测人群中 OA 的发病几率、发现 OA 的各种表型、计算 OA 结构的严重程度以及发现疾病病理进展缓慢和快速的人群等。关于早期检测骨关节炎的机器学习方法，目前已有各种出版物。主要特征通过形态学、分子结构、电气和机械功能进行检测。此外，这项特殊技术还被用于评估非干扰、非电离和使用磁共振成像的体内技术。目前，ML 正在被用于 OA 领域，主要是通过制定大型队列，即 OA 倡议（一项队列观察研究）、多中心骨关节炎研究（一项观察性、前瞻性纵向研究）和队列髋关节和队列膝关节研究（一项髋关节和膝关节 OA 的观察性队列前瞻性研究）。尽管 ML 有着各种贡献和更多的应用，但它仍然是一个迫在眉睫的具有巨大潜力的领域，同时也有其局限性。我们还需要开展更多的研究，进一步了解机器学习与膝关节骨性关节炎之间的联系，这将有助于改进临床决策，加快必要的干预措施。
{"title":"Machine learning and deep neural network-based learning in osteoarthritis knee","authors":"H. Ratna, Madhan Jeyaraman, Naveen Jeyaraman, A. Nallakumarasamy, Shilpa Sharma, Manish Khanna, Ashim Gupta","doi":"10.5662/wjm.v13.i5.419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5662/wjm.v13.i5.419","url":null,"abstract":"Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee joint is considered the commonest musculoskeletal condition leading to marked disability for patients residing in various regions around the globe. Application of machine learning (ML) in doing research regarding OA has brought about various clinical advances viz, OA being diagnosed at preliminary stages, prediction of chances of development of OA among the population, discovering various phenotypes of OA, calculating the severity in OA structure and also discovering people with slow and fast progression of disease pathology, etc. Various publications are available regarding machine learning methods for the early detection of osteoarthritis. The key features are detected by morphology, molecular architecture, and electrical and mechanical functions. In addition, this particular technique was utilized to assess non-interfering, non-ionizing, and in-vivo techniques using magnetic resonance imaging. ML is being utilized in OA, chiefly with the formulation of large cohorts viz, the OA Initiative, a cohort observational study, the Multi-centre Osteoarthritis Study, an observational, prospective longitudinal study and the Cohort Hip & Cohort Knee, an observational cohort prospective study of both hip and knee OA. Though ML has various contributions and enhancing applications, it remains an imminent field with high potential, also with its limitations. Many more studies are to be carried out to find more about the link between machine learning and knee osteoarthritis, which would help in the improvement of making decisions clinically, and expedite the necessary interventions.","PeriodicalId":94271,"journal":{"name":"World journal of methodology","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138956504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The concept of evidence-based practice has persisted over several years and remains a cornerstone in clinical practice, representing the gold standard for optimal patient care. However, despite widespread recognition of its significance, practical application faces various challenges and barriers, including a lack of skills in interpreting studies, limited resources, time constraints, linguistic competencies, and more. Recently, we have witnessed the emergence of a groundbreaking technological revolution known as artificial intelligence. Although artificial intelligence has become increasingly integrated into our daily lives, some reluctance persists among certain segments of the public. This article explores the potential of artificial intelligence as a solution to some of the main barriers encountered in the application of evidence-based practice. It highlights how artificial intelligence can assist in staying updated with the latest evidence, enhancing clinical decision-making, addressing patient misinformation, and mitigating time constraints in clinical practice. The integration of artificial intelligence into evidence-based practice has the potential to revolutionize healthcare, leading to more precise diagnoses, personalized treatment plans, and improved doctor-patient interactions. This proposed synergy between evidence-based practice and artificial intelligence may necessitate adjustments to its core concept, heralding a new era in healthcare.
{"title":"New evidence-based practice: Artificial intelligence as a barrier breaker","authors":"Ricardo Maia Ferreira","doi":"10.5662/wjm.v13.i5.384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5662/wjm.v13.i5.384","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of evidence-based practice has persisted over several years and remains a cornerstone in clinical practice, representing the gold standard for optimal patient care. However, despite widespread recognition of its significance, practical application faces various challenges and barriers, including a lack of skills in interpreting studies, limited resources, time constraints, linguistic competencies, and more. Recently, we have witnessed the emergence of a groundbreaking technological revolution known as artificial intelligence. Although artificial intelligence has become increasingly integrated into our daily lives, some reluctance persists among certain segments of the public. This article explores the potential of artificial intelligence as a solution to some of the main barriers encountered in the application of evidence-based practice. It highlights how artificial intelligence can assist in staying updated with the latest evidence, enhancing clinical decision-making, addressing patient misinformation, and mitigating time constraints in clinical practice. The integration of artificial intelligence into evidence-based practice has the potential to revolutionize healthcare, leading to more precise diagnoses, personalized treatment plans, and improved doctor-patient interactions. This proposed synergy between evidence-based practice and artificial intelligence may necessitate adjustments to its core concept, heralding a new era in healthcare.","PeriodicalId":94271,"journal":{"name":"World journal of methodology","volume":"33 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138955833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
National censuses are conducted at varying intervals across both the developed and developing world and collect detailed data on a wide range of societal, economic and health questions. This immense volume of data has many potential uses in the field of healthcare research and can be utilised either in isolation or in conjunction with other information sources such as hospital records. At a governmental level census data can be used for healthcare service planning by providing accurate population density information but also, through the use of more detailed data collection, by helping to identify high-risk populations that may require increased resource allocation. It can also be a key tool in addressing and improving healthcare inequality and deprivation by both identifying those populations with poorer healthcare outcomes and through helping researchers to better understand the causes of this inequality. Similarly, it has utility when studying the complex causes of disease and assessing the success of strategies designed to tackle these aetiologies. However, the maximum benefit from these various uses can only be realised if the data collection and analysis processes utilised are robust and this requires that census bureaus regularly review and modify their methods in a transparent and thorough way.
{"title":"Using national census data to facilitate healthcare research","authors":"Michael J Colwill, Andrew Poullis","doi":"10.5662/wjm.v13.i5.414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5662/wjm.v13.i5.414","url":null,"abstract":"National censuses are conducted at varying intervals across both the developed and developing world and collect detailed data on a wide range of societal, economic and health questions. This immense volume of data has many potential uses in the field of healthcare research and can be utilised either in isolation or in conjunction with other information sources such as hospital records. At a governmental level census data can be used for healthcare service planning by providing accurate population density information but also, through the use of more detailed data collection, by helping to identify high-risk populations that may require increased resource allocation. It can also be a key tool in addressing and improving healthcare inequality and deprivation by both identifying those populations with poorer healthcare outcomes and through helping researchers to better understand the causes of this inequality. Similarly, it has utility when studying the complex causes of disease and assessing the success of strategies designed to tackle these aetiologies. However, the maximum benefit from these various uses can only be realised if the data collection and analysis processes utilised are robust and this requires that census bureaus regularly review and modify their methods in a transparent and thorough way.","PeriodicalId":94271,"journal":{"name":"World journal of methodology","volume":"107 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138958826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mira Y Stulman, G. Focht, Y. Loewenberg Weisband, S. Greenfeld, Amir Ben Tov, N. Ledderman, E. Matz, Ora Paltiel, S. Odes, Iris Dotan, Eric Ian Benchimol, Dan Turner
BACKGROUND Israel has a high rate of Jewish immigration and a high prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). AIM To compare IBD prevalence in first-generation immigrants vs Israel-born Jews. METHODS Patients with a diagnosis of IBD as of June 2020 were included from the validated epi-IIRN (Israeli IBD Research Nucleus) cohort that includes 98% of the Israeli population. We stratified the immigration cohort by IBD risk according to country of origin, time period of immigration, and age group as of June 2020. RESULTS A total of 33544 patients were ascertained, of whom 18524 (55%) had Crohn’s disease (CD) and 15020 (45%) had ulcerative colitis (UC); 28394 (85%) were Israel-born and 5150 (15%) were immigrants. UC was more prevalent in immigrants (2717; 53%) than in non-immigrants (12303, 43%, P < 0.001), especially in the < 1990 immigration period. After adjusting for age, longer duration in Israel was associated with a higher point prevalence rate in June 2020 (high-risk origin: Immigration < 1990: 645.9/100000, ≥ 1990: 613.2/100000, P = 0.043; intermediate/low-risk origin: < 1990: 540.5/100000, ≥ 1990: 192.0/100000, P < 0.001). The prevalence was higher in patients immigrating from countries with high risk for IBD (561.4/100000) than those originating from intermediate-/low-risk countries (514.3/100000; P < 0.001); non-immigrant prevalence was 528.9/100000. CONCLUSION Lending support to the environmental effect on IBD etiology, we found that among immigrants to Israel, the prevalence of IBD increased with longer time since immigration, and was related to the risk of IBD in the country of origin. The UC rate was higher than that of CD only in those immigrating in earlier time periods.
{"title":"Inflammatory bowel disease among first generation immigrants in Israel: A nationwide epi-Israeli Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Nucleus study","authors":"Mira Y Stulman, G. Focht, Y. Loewenberg Weisband, S. Greenfeld, Amir Ben Tov, N. Ledderman, E. Matz, Ora Paltiel, S. Odes, Iris Dotan, Eric Ian Benchimol, Dan Turner","doi":"10.5662/wjm.v13.i5.475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5662/wjm.v13.i5.475","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000 Israel has a high rate of Jewish immigration and a high prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).\u0000 AIM\u0000 To compare IBD prevalence in first-generation immigrants vs Israel-born Jews.\u0000 METHODS\u0000 Patients with a diagnosis of IBD as of June 2020 were included from the validated epi-IIRN (Israeli IBD Research Nucleus) cohort that includes 98% of the Israeli population. We stratified the immigration cohort by IBD risk according to country of origin, time period of immigration, and age group as of June 2020.\u0000 RESULTS\u0000 A total of 33544 patients were ascertained, of whom 18524 (55%) had Crohn’s disease (CD) and 15020 (45%) had ulcerative colitis (UC); 28394 (85%) were Israel-born and 5150 (15%) were immigrants. UC was more prevalent in immigrants (2717; 53%) than in non-immigrants (12303, 43%, P < 0.001), especially in the < 1990 immigration period. After adjusting for age, longer duration in Israel was associated with a higher point prevalence rate in June 2020 (high-risk origin: Immigration < 1990: 645.9/100000, ≥ 1990: 613.2/100000, P = 0.043; intermediate/low-risk origin: < 1990: 540.5/100000, ≥ 1990: 192.0/100000, P < 0.001). The prevalence was higher in patients immigrating from countries with high risk for IBD (561.4/100000) than those originating from intermediate-/low-risk countries (514.3/100000; P < 0.001); non-immigrant prevalence was 528.9/100000.\u0000 CONCLUSION\u0000 Lending support to the environmental effect on IBD etiology, we found that among immigrants to Israel, the prevalence of IBD increased with longer time since immigration, and was related to the risk of IBD in the country of origin. The UC rate was higher than that of CD only in those immigrating in earlier time periods.","PeriodicalId":94271,"journal":{"name":"World journal of methodology","volume":"93 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138954236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. McFaul, Chris Ventura, Sean Evans, Halil Dundar, M.J. Rumpler, C. McCloskey, Dave Lowe, A. Vlassov
BACKGROUND Exosomes are 30-150 nm nanovesicles with sophisticated nucleic acids cargo, actively secreted by all cells within human body, and found in abundance in all body fluids, including urine. These extracellular vesicles have tremendous potential for next generation diagnostics, theoretically enabling noninvasive assessment of organ and tissue function via liquid biopsy analysis. AIM Recently, feasibility of an exosomal molecular test was demonstrated for post-organ transplant monitoring: Analysis of urine-derived exosomal mRNA cargo allowed early detection of kidney allograft rejection. Here, we further studied urine-derived exosomes and their mRNA content as a highly promising diagnostic modality. This included stability studies of urine samples and exosomal mRNA upon transportation from the point of collection to a centralized testing facility, short-term storage of urine at different conditions upon receipt till the point molecular assay is performed, and effects of various potentially interfering substances on the downstream quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay. METHODS The urine specimens were stored at various conditions and pre-processed in different ways. Next, samples were passed through the columns to capture all extracellular vesicles, the vesicles were lysed to release their content and the exosomal RNA was purified on the mini-columns, reverse transcription was performed, next pre-amplification, followed by a qPCR analysis for a panel of mRNA markers. RESULTS To ensure exosomal RNA integrity, the harvested urine specimens should be shipped refrigerated, by overnight delivery. Urine can next be stored at the test site for up to 1 wk at 4 °C, and long term should be frozen at -80 °C. Urine specimens must be centrifuge at low G-force to deplete cells and debris, to ensure consistent top results in downstream molecular assays. All commonly used medications (tacrolimus, cyclosporin A, mycophenolic acid, everolimus, sirolimus, ascomycin, teriflunomide) were tested and confirmed that they do not cause assay interference. CONCLUSION mRNA from urine-derived exosomes was shown to be stable across a broad range of conditions and produced accurate results when analyzed via qPCR assay for detection of kidney allograft rejection. We identified the most optimal conditions for every step of the process, ensuring pre-analytical sample integrity and robust qPCR results.
{"title":"Urine exosome mRNA-based test for monitoring kidney allograft rejection: Effects of sample transportation and storage, and interference substances","authors":"M. McFaul, Chris Ventura, Sean Evans, Halil Dundar, M.J. Rumpler, C. McCloskey, Dave Lowe, A. Vlassov","doi":"10.5662/wjm.v13.i5.492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5662/wjm.v13.i5.492","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000 Exosomes are 30-150 nm nanovesicles with sophisticated nucleic acids cargo, actively secreted by all cells within human body, and found in abundance in all body fluids, including urine. These extracellular vesicles have tremendous potential for next generation diagnostics, theoretically enabling noninvasive assessment of organ and tissue function via liquid biopsy analysis.\u0000 AIM\u0000 Recently, feasibility of an exosomal molecular test was demonstrated for post-organ transplant monitoring: Analysis of urine-derived exosomal mRNA cargo allowed early detection of kidney allograft rejection. Here, we further studied urine-derived exosomes and their mRNA content as a highly promising diagnostic modality. This included stability studies of urine samples and exosomal mRNA upon transportation from the point of collection to a centralized testing facility, short-term storage of urine at different conditions upon receipt till the point molecular assay is performed, and effects of various potentially interfering substances on the downstream quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay.\u0000 METHODS\u0000 The urine specimens were stored at various conditions and pre-processed in different ways. Next, samples were passed through the columns to capture all extracellular vesicles, the vesicles were lysed to release their content and the exosomal RNA was purified on the mini-columns, reverse transcription was performed, next pre-amplification, followed by a qPCR analysis for a panel of mRNA markers.\u0000 RESULTS\u0000 To ensure exosomal RNA integrity, the harvested urine specimens should be shipped refrigerated, by overnight delivery. Urine can next be stored at the test site for up to 1 wk at 4 °C, and long term should be frozen at -80 °C. Urine specimens must be centrifuge at low G-force to deplete cells and debris, to ensure consistent top results in downstream molecular assays. All commonly used medications (tacrolimus, cyclosporin A, mycophenolic acid, everolimus, sirolimus, ascomycin, teriflunomide) were tested and confirmed that they do not cause assay interference.\u0000 CONCLUSION\u0000 mRNA from urine-derived exosomes was shown to be stable across a broad range of conditions and produced accurate results when analyzed via qPCR assay for detection of kidney allograft rejection. We identified the most optimal conditions for every step of the process, ensuring pre-analytical sample integrity and robust qPCR results.","PeriodicalId":94271,"journal":{"name":"World journal of methodology","volume":"115 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138953806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
U. Binay, E. Karavaş, F. Karakeçili, Orçun Barkay, Sonay Aydın, Duzgun Can Senbil
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is continuing. The disease most commonly affects the lungs. Since the beginning of the pandemic thorax computed tomography (CT) has been an indispensable imaging method for diagnosis and follow-up. The disease is tried to be controlled with vaccines. Vaccination reduces the possibility of a severe course of the disease. AIM The aim of this study is to investigate whether the vaccination status of patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 has an effect on the CT severity score (CT-SS) and CORADS score obtained during hospitalization. METHODS The files of patients hospitalized between April 1, 2021 and April 1, 2022 due to COVID-19 were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 224 patients who were older than 18 years of age, whose vaccination status was accessible, whose severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 polymerase chain reaction result was positive, and who had a Thorax CT scan during hospitalization were included in the study. RESULTS Among the patients included in the study, 52.2% were female and the mean age was 61.85 years. The patients applied to the hospital on the average 7th day of their complaints. While 63 patients were unvaccinated (Group 1), 20 were vaccinated with a single dose of CoronaVac (Group 2), 24 with a single dose of BioNTech (Group 3), 38 with 2 doses of CoronaVac (Group 4), 40 with 2 doses of BioNTech (Group 5), and 39 with 3 doses of vaccine (2 doses of CoronaVac followed by a single dose of BioNTech, Group 6). CT-SS ranged from 5 to 23, with a mean of 12.17. CT-SS mean of the groups were determined as 14.17, 13.35, 11.58, 10.87, 11.28, 10.85, respectively. Accordingly, as a result of the comparisons between the groups, the CT-SS levels of the unvaccinated patients found to be significantly higher than the other groups. As the vaccination rates increased, the rate of typical COVID-19 findings on CT was found to be significantly lower. CONCLUSION Increased vaccination rates in COVID-19 patients reduce the probability of typical COVID-19 symptoms in the lungs. It also reduces the risk of severe disease and decreases CT Severity Scores. This may lead to a loss of importance of Thorax CT in the diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia as the end of the pandemic approaches.
{"title":"Effect of vaccination status on CORADS and computed tomography severity score in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: A retrospective study","authors":"U. Binay, E. Karavaş, F. Karakeçili, Orçun Barkay, Sonay Aydın, Duzgun Can Senbil","doi":"10.5662/wjm.v13.i5.456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5662/wjm.v13.i5.456","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000 The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is continuing. The disease most commonly affects the lungs. Since the beginning of the pandemic thorax computed tomography (CT) has been an indispensable imaging method for diagnosis and follow-up. The disease is tried to be controlled with vaccines. Vaccination reduces the possibility of a severe course of the disease.\u0000 AIM\u0000 The aim of this study is to investigate whether the vaccination status of patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 has an effect on the CT severity score (CT-SS) and CORADS score obtained during hospitalization.\u0000 METHODS\u0000 The files of patients hospitalized between April 1, 2021 and April 1, 2022 due to COVID-19 were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 224 patients who were older than 18 years of age, whose vaccination status was accessible, whose severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 polymerase chain reaction result was positive, and who had a Thorax CT scan during hospitalization were included in the study.\u0000 RESULTS\u0000 Among the patients included in the study, 52.2% were female and the mean age was 61.85 years. The patients applied to the hospital on the average 7th day of their complaints. While 63 patients were unvaccinated (Group 1), 20 were vaccinated with a single dose of CoronaVac (Group 2), 24 with a single dose of BioNTech (Group 3), 38 with 2 doses of CoronaVac (Group 4), 40 with 2 doses of BioNTech (Group 5), and 39 with 3 doses of vaccine (2 doses of CoronaVac followed by a single dose of BioNTech, Group 6). CT-SS ranged from 5 to 23, with a mean of 12.17.\u0000 CT-SS mean of the groups were determined as 14.17, 13.35, 11.58, 10.87, 11.28, 10.85, respectively. Accordingly, as a result of the comparisons between the groups, the CT-SS levels of the unvaccinated patients found to be significantly higher than the other groups. As the vaccination rates increased, the rate of typical COVID-19 findings on CT was found to be significantly lower.\u0000 CONCLUSION\u0000 Increased vaccination rates in COVID-19 patients reduce the probability of typical COVID-19 symptoms in the lungs. It also reduces the risk of severe disease and decreases CT Severity Scores. This may lead to a loss of importance of Thorax CT in the diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia as the end of the pandemic approaches.","PeriodicalId":94271,"journal":{"name":"World journal of methodology","volume":"39 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138955850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amit Arvind Agrawal, Nilima Prakash, Mohammad Almagbol, Mohammed Alobaid, Abdullah Alqarni, Hammam Altamni
The results of years of dental study serve as the foundation for the practise of medicine and, for that matter, dentistry. Doctors may have their own preferences for techniques and materials, but whether directly or indirectly, their decisions are influenced by systematic reviews and meta-analyses. However, due to poorly conducted or presented research, this very basic foundation may not be reliable. Bias in research is one of several factors that might make study results or research itself unreliable. Bias can be introduced into research at many stages, deliberately or unknowingly. Bias can appear at any point during the research process, even before the study itself begins. There are many biases in research, but some of them are more relevant to dentistry research than others. Because it is said that “eyes see what the mind knows”, it is essential to have a complete understanding of the different types of bias, how and when they get entrenched, and what steps may be taken to prevent or lessen them if they do occur. This comprehensive summary of bias in dentistry research is provided by this synoptic review. The goal is to identify gaps and measures that have been taken-or that should have been taken-by providing both descriptive and evaluative summaries, as well as examples from the literature, when needed.
{"title":"Synoptic review on existing and potential sources for bias in dental research methodology with methods on their prevention and remedies","authors":"Amit Arvind Agrawal, Nilima Prakash, Mohammad Almagbol, Mohammed Alobaid, Abdullah Alqarni, Hammam Altamni","doi":"10.5662/wjm.v13.i5.426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5662/wjm.v13.i5.426","url":null,"abstract":"The results of years of dental study serve as the foundation for the practise of medicine and, for that matter, dentistry. Doctors may have their own preferences for techniques and materials, but whether directly or indirectly, their decisions are influenced by systematic reviews and meta-analyses. However, due to poorly conducted or presented research, this very basic foundation may not be reliable. Bias in research is one of several factors that might make study results or research itself unreliable. Bias can be introduced into research at many stages, deliberately or unknowingly. Bias can appear at any point during the research process, even before the study itself begins. There are many biases in research, but some of them are more relevant to dentistry research than others. Because it is said that “eyes see what the mind knows”, it is essential to have a complete understanding of the different types of bias, how and when they get entrenched, and what steps may be taken to prevent or lessen them if they do occur. This comprehensive summary of bias in dentistry research is provided by this synoptic review. The goal is to identify gaps and measures that have been taken-or that should have been taken-by providing both descriptive and evaluative summaries, as well as examples from the literature, when needed.","PeriodicalId":94271,"journal":{"name":"World journal of methodology","volume":"55 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138957116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carlos M. Lucero, J. B. Luco, A. Garcia-Mansilla, P. Slullitel, G. Zanotti, Fernando Comba, Martin A Buttaro
BACKGROUND The ExeterTM Universal cemented femoral component is widely used for total hip replacement surgery. Although there have been few reports of femoral component fracture, removal of a broken femoral stem can be a challenging procedure. CASE SUMMARY A 54-year-old man with a Dorr A femur sustained a refracture of a primary ExeterTM stem, two years after receiving a revision using a cement-within-cement technique (CWC) through an extended trochanteric osteotomy (ETO). The technical problems related to the CWC technique and the ETO played a major role in the stem fatigue refracture. We performed revision surgery and removed the distal cement using a cortical femoral window technique, followed by re-implantation with an uncemented, modular, distally-fixed uncemented stem. The patient experienced an uneventful postoperative recovery. CONCLUSION Re-fracture of a modern femoral ExeterTM stem is a rare event, but technical complications related to revision surgery can lead to this outcome. The cortical window osteotomy technique can facilitate the removal of a broken stem and cement, allowing for prosthetic re-implantation under direct vision and avoiding ETO-related complications.
{"title":"Successful hip revision surgery following refracture of a modern femoral stem using a cortical window osteotomy technique: A case report and review of literature","authors":"Carlos M. Lucero, J. B. Luco, A. Garcia-Mansilla, P. Slullitel, G. Zanotti, Fernando Comba, Martin A Buttaro","doi":"10.5662/wjm.v13.i5.502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5662/wjm.v13.i5.502","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000 The ExeterTM Universal cemented femoral component is widely used for total hip replacement surgery. Although there have been few reports of femoral component fracture, removal of a broken femoral stem can be a challenging procedure.\u0000 CASE SUMMARY\u0000 A 54-year-old man with a Dorr A femur sustained a refracture of a primary ExeterTM stem, two years after receiving a revision using a cement-within-cement technique (CWC) through an extended trochanteric osteotomy (ETO). The technical problems related to the CWC technique and the ETO played a major role in the stem fatigue refracture. We performed revision surgery and removed the distal cement using a cortical femoral window technique, followed by re-implantation with an uncemented, modular, distally-fixed uncemented stem. The patient experienced an uneventful postoperative recovery.\u0000 CONCLUSION\u0000 Re-fracture of a modern femoral ExeterTM stem is a rare event, but technical complications related to revision surgery can lead to this outcome. The cortical window osteotomy technique can facilitate the removal of a broken stem and cement, allowing for prosthetic re-implantation under direct vision and avoiding ETO-related complications.","PeriodicalId":94271,"journal":{"name":"World journal of methodology","volume":"57 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138954681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
When designing a study on dental movement acceleration or pain control during orthodontic treatment, it is crucial to consider effective parameters. The objective of this editorial is to compile the most effective parameters supported by evidence that should be considered in future studies to achieve complete parameter homogenization. The protocol currently recommended to homogenize the parameters and facilitate the development of further meta-analysis in terms of acceleration of movement and pain control in orthodontics is Wavelength: 810 nm, 2.2 J per surface, 0.1 W in continuous mode/0.1 W average power in a super-pulsed, sweeping movement, 1mm from the mucosa, 22 seconds along the vestibular surface and 22 seconds along the lingual surface, the recommended speed of movement is 2 mm/sec, 1 application during each orthodontic control, to achieve dental movement acceleration and repeat the dose at 24 h to ensure pain elimination. The energy density and power density will depend on the spot size used in the equipment and the distance from the mucosa. It will strengthen the evidence of photobiomodulation as the best therapy to accelerate tooth movement and at the same time control the pain produced by orthodontic treatments.
{"title":"Current protocol to achieve dental movement acceleration and pain control with Photo-biomodulation","authors":"Angela Dominguez","doi":"10.5662/wjm.v13.i5.379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5662/wjm.v13.i5.379","url":null,"abstract":"When designing a study on dental movement acceleration or pain control during orthodontic treatment, it is crucial to consider effective parameters. The objective of this editorial is to compile the most effective parameters supported by evidence that should be considered in future studies to achieve complete parameter homogenization. The protocol currently recommended to homogenize the parameters and facilitate the development of further meta-analysis in terms of acceleration of movement and pain control in orthodontics is Wavelength: 810 nm, 2.2 J per surface, 0.1 W in continuous mode/0.1 W average power in a super-pulsed, sweeping movement, 1mm from the mucosa, 22 seconds along the vestibular surface and 22 seconds along the lingual surface, the recommended speed of movement is 2 mm/sec, 1 application during each orthodontic control, to achieve dental movement acceleration and repeat the dose at 24 h to ensure pain elimination. The energy density and power density will depend on the spot size used in the equipment and the distance from the mucosa. It will strengthen the evidence of photobiomodulation as the best therapy to accelerate tooth movement and at the same time control the pain produced by orthodontic treatments.","PeriodicalId":94271,"journal":{"name":"World journal of methodology","volume":"59 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138956945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Evidence-based literature reviews play a vital role in contemporary research, facilitating the synthesis of knowledge from multiple sources to inform decision-making and scientific advancements. Within this framework, de-duplication emerges as a part of the process for ensuring the integrity and reliability of evidence extraction. This opinion review delves into the evolution of de-duplication, highlights its importance in evidence synthesis, explores various de-duplication methods, discusses evolving technologies, and proposes best practices. By addressing ethical considerations this paper emphasizes the significance of de-duplication as a cornerstone for quality in evidence-based literature reviews.
{"title":"Evidence-based literature review: De-duplication a cornerstone for quality","authors":"Barbara Hammer, Elettra Virgili, Federico Bilotta","doi":"10.5662/wjm.v13.i5.390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5662/wjm.v13.i5.390","url":null,"abstract":"Evidence-based literature reviews play a vital role in contemporary research, facilitating the synthesis of knowledge from multiple sources to inform decision-making and scientific advancements. Within this framework, de-duplication emerges as a part of the process for ensuring the integrity and reliability of evidence extraction. This opinion review delves into the evolution of de-duplication, highlights its importance in evidence synthesis, explores various de-duplication methods, discusses evolving technologies, and proposes best practices. By addressing ethical considerations this paper emphasizes the significance of de-duplication as a cornerstone for quality in evidence-based literature reviews.","PeriodicalId":94271,"journal":{"name":"World journal of methodology","volume":"38 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138957340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：