Introduction: Appendicitis is a common surgical emergency, associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Aim: To describe the clinicopathological spectrum and outcome of appendicitis in our setting. Methods: Retrospective descriptive chart review of patients undergoing surgery for appendicitis over two study periods (Group A: 2010-2012 and Group B: 2016-2018). Data collected included demographics, clinical presentation, operative findings and outcome. Results: There were 229 patients in Group A [median age 24 (IQR 18-32) years] and 145 in Group B [median age 28 (IQR 20-36) years]. Median pre-hospital delay was 3 days for Group A 3 (IQR 2-4) and 1 day for Group B 1 (IQR 1-2). Complicated appendicitis occurred in 69 (30.1%) and 37 (25.5%) patients in Group A and B respectively. Post-operative complication rate was 18.3% and 8.3 % in Groups A and B respectively. Postoperative mortality in Group A was 3.5% and 2 1% for Group B. Delay in presentation was associated with increased complicated appendicitis. Conclusion: Complicated appendicitis was seen in one third of the patients in both groups. Delay in presentation persists in our setting and it is associated with complicated appendicitis, which carries an increased morbidity and mortality. Keywords: Appendicitis; complicated appendicitis; treatment outcomes.
{"title":"Clinicopathological spectrum and outcome of appendicectomy at a South African tertiary hospital: continuing impact of delayed presentation","authors":"Simelane Pb, Kader Ss, Madiba Te","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v24i2.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v24i2.37","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Appendicitis is a common surgical emergency, associated with significant morbidity and mortality. \u0000Aim: To describe the clinicopathological spectrum and outcome of appendicitis in our setting. \u0000Methods: Retrospective descriptive chart review of patients undergoing surgery for appendicitis over two study periods (Group A: 2010-2012 and Group B: 2016-2018). Data collected included demographics, clinical presentation, operative findings and outcome. \u0000Results: There were 229 patients in Group A [median age 24 (IQR 18-32) years] and 145 in Group B [median age 28 (IQR 20-36) years]. Median pre-hospital delay was 3 days for Group A 3 (IQR 2-4) and 1 day for Group B 1 (IQR 1-2). Complicated appendicitis occurred in 69 (30.1%) and 37 (25.5%) patients in Group A and B respectively. Post-operative complication rate was 18.3% and 8.3 % in Groups A and B respectively. Postoperative mortality in Group A was 3.5% and 2 1% for Group B. Delay in presentation was associated with increased complicated appendicitis. \u0000Conclusion: Complicated appendicitis was seen in one third of the patients in both groups. Delay in presentation persists in our setting and it is associated with complicated appendicitis, which carries an increased morbidity and mortality. \u0000Keywords: Appendicitis; complicated appendicitis; treatment outcomes.","PeriodicalId":94295,"journal":{"name":"African health sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141834918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Work related musculoskeletal pain is majorly responsible for decrease in the productivity of occupational work. It is an important work-related problem which is affecting the industrious and effective output of the work. The causes of work-related musculoskeletal pain are complex mesh of interrelated factors that exert their influence simultaneously. Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of work- related musculoskeletal pain along with its associated factors amongst the obstetrics and gynecologist (OB/GYN) using a self-designed questionnaire. Methods: This was a cross sectional survey comprising of 196 obstetricians and gynecologists working in different public and private selected clinical settings. To gather data, self-designed questionnaire was used within a period of 4 weeks. Results: The prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal pain was seen in 171 (87.2%) out of 196 subjects, in at least one region and 25 (12.8%) subjects reported no musculoskeletal pain. The symptoms were majorly seen in lower back (59.2%) and leg (37.8%), also neck (27.8%), shoulder (26.0%), arm (12.8%), mid back (16.8) and upper back (9.2%). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that work-related musculoskeletal pain is highly prevalent in obstetrics and gynecologists, and it has a great impact on their daily lives. Keywords: Musculoskeletal pain; obstetrics and gynecology; posture.
{"title":"Incidence of work-related musculoskeletal pain among Primary Health-care Providers","authors":"Mubushara Afzal, A. Khan, S. Farooqui","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v24i2.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v24i2.40","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Work related musculoskeletal pain is majorly responsible for decrease in the productivity of occupational work. It is an important work-related problem which is affecting the industrious and effective output of the work. The causes of work-related musculoskeletal pain are complex mesh of interrelated factors that exert their influence simultaneously. \u0000Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of work- related musculoskeletal pain along with its associated factors amongst the obstetrics and gynecologist (OB/GYN) using a self-designed questionnaire. \u0000Methods: This was a cross sectional survey comprising of 196 obstetricians and gynecologists working in different public and private selected clinical settings. To gather data, self-designed questionnaire was used within a period of 4 weeks. \u0000Results: The prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal pain was seen in 171 (87.2%) out of 196 subjects, in at least one region and 25 (12.8%) subjects reported no musculoskeletal pain. The symptoms were majorly seen in lower back (59.2%) and leg (37.8%), also neck (27.8%), shoulder (26.0%), arm (12.8%), mid back (16.8) and upper back (9.2%). \u0000Conclusion: The results of this study showed that work-related musculoskeletal pain is highly prevalent in obstetrics and gynecologists, and it has a great impact on their daily lives. \u0000Keywords: Musculoskeletal pain; obstetrics and gynecology; posture.","PeriodicalId":94295,"journal":{"name":"African health sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141835047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: CCHF is transmitted via ticks biting and directly by contact with tissue or blood of infected patients or viremicanimals. This study intends to determine the occurrence of CCHF in Iraq between 2015 and 2019. Methods: This study was designed as a retrospective and descriptive cross-sectional study. It was approved the occurrence ofCCHF in Iraq with relation to some epidemiological and demographic data reported in the Iraqi Communicable Diseases ControlCenter (CDC)/zoonotic diseases section between 2015-2019. Results: Out of 206 suspected cases, only 17 were diagnosed as CCHF with a total fatality ratio of 52%, 25%, and 80% in 2015and 2018 respectively. However, no mortality was reported during 2016, 2017, and 2019. The mean age of the patients was 33years± 18 SD, in males mainly (76%). Moreover, the risk groups were 29 %, 23 %, 18 % 12 %, and 6 % for butchers, animaldealers, gainers, both housewives and students and children respectively. Conclusion: Strict precautions and precise surveillance should be implemented to control the disease and protect the communityby improving the diagnosis and treatment of CCHF. The authors recommend another future study to detect the genotypingand sequencing of CCHFV in Iraq. Keywords: Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever; Iraq; tick.
{"title":"A retrospective study of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Iraq","authors":"Doaa Adnan Shaker, Muna Tawfeeq Abd, Nawar Jassim Alsalih, Sinan Ghazi Mahdi, Mohenned Alsaadawi, Ihab Raqeeb Aakef, Tareq Jafaar Aljandeel","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v24i1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v24i1.8","url":null,"abstract":"Background: CCHF is transmitted via ticks biting and directly by contact with tissue or blood of infected patients or viremicanimals. This study intends to determine the occurrence of CCHF in Iraq between 2015 and 2019. \u0000Methods: This study was designed as a retrospective and descriptive cross-sectional study. It was approved the occurrence ofCCHF in Iraq with relation to some epidemiological and demographic data reported in the Iraqi Communicable Diseases ControlCenter (CDC)/zoonotic diseases section between 2015-2019. \u0000Results: Out of 206 suspected cases, only 17 were diagnosed as CCHF with a total fatality ratio of 52%, 25%, and 80% in 2015and 2018 respectively. However, no mortality was reported during 2016, 2017, and 2019. The mean age of the patients was 33years± 18 SD, in males mainly (76%). Moreover, the risk groups were 29 %, 23 %, 18 % 12 %, and 6 % for butchers, animaldealers, gainers, both housewives and students and children respectively. \u0000Conclusion: Strict precautions and precise surveillance should be implemented to control the disease and protect the communityby improving the diagnosis and treatment of CCHF. The authors recommend another future study to detect the genotypingand sequencing of CCHFV in Iraq. \u0000Keywords: Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever; Iraq; tick.","PeriodicalId":94295,"journal":{"name":"African health sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140763642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adewale V Opayele, Olamide T Arege, Adedayo O Faneye, David O Olaleye, Georgina N Odaibo
Background: Most studies on viral infections among livestock handlers have focused on occupational exposure from inadvertent contact with infected animals. Consequently, little emphasis is given to the effect of their lifestyle on the acquisition of other blood-borne viruses. Objectives: To determine the prevalence and assess risk factors for HIV, HBV and HCV infections among livestock handlers in Ibadan, Nigeria. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 265 livestock handlers between October 2016 to April 2017 in Ibadan. The samples were tested for the presence of antibodies to HIV and HCV; and surface antigen to HBV using ELISA. Structured questionnaire was administered to collect information on risk factors associated with the transmission of these viruses. Data analysis was carried out using Chi-square test and logistic regression to determine the association between risk factors and predictors of infection (p < 0.05). Results: Of 265 participants, 11 (4.2%), 29 (10.9%) and 13 (4.9%) individuals tested positive for HIV, HBV and HCV infections respectively. Two (0.8%) of the participants were coinfected with HIV and HBV while 1(0.4%) was coinfected with both HBV and HCV. Individuals who travelled frequently in the course of Livestock trades had a higher rate of HIV infection. Conclusions: A high Infection with HIV, HBV and HCV is common among the study participants. There is a need for continued surveillance and awareness creation on preventive measures against these viruses. Keywords: Human immunodeficiency virus; viral hepatitis; slaughterhouse workers.
{"title":"Prevalence of HIV, HBV and HCV among livestock merchants and slaughterhouse workers in Ibadan, Nigeria","authors":"Adewale V Opayele, Olamide T Arege, Adedayo O Faneye, David O Olaleye, Georgina N Odaibo","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v24i1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v24i1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Most studies on viral infections among livestock handlers have focused on occupational exposure from inadvertent contact with infected animals. Consequently, little emphasis is given to the effect of their lifestyle on the acquisition of other blood-borne viruses. \u0000Objectives: To determine the prevalence and assess risk factors for HIV, HBV and HCV infections among livestock handlers in Ibadan, Nigeria. \u0000Methods: Blood samples were collected from 265 livestock handlers between October 2016 to April 2017 in Ibadan. The samples were tested for the presence of antibodies to HIV and HCV; and surface antigen to HBV using ELISA. Structured questionnaire was administered to collect information on risk factors associated with the transmission of these viruses. Data analysis was carried out using Chi-square test and logistic regression to determine the association between risk factors and predictors of infection (p < 0.05). \u0000Results: Of 265 participants, 11 (4.2%), 29 (10.9%) and 13 (4.9%) individuals tested positive for HIV, HBV and HCV infections respectively. Two (0.8%) of the participants were coinfected with HIV and HBV while 1(0.4%) was coinfected with both HBV and HCV. Individuals who travelled frequently in the course of Livestock trades had a higher rate of HIV infection. \u0000Conclusions: A high Infection with HIV, HBV and HCV is common among the study participants. There is a need for continued surveillance and awareness creation on preventive measures against these viruses. \u0000Keywords: Human immunodeficiency virus; viral hepatitis; slaughterhouse workers.","PeriodicalId":94295,"journal":{"name":"African health sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140756596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pelumi Daniel Adewole, Tosin Deborah Ogundipe, Olumuyiwa Samuel Alabi, Abdulrazak Nuhu
Background: Haematological abnormalities are common among tuberculosis patients but there is dearth of information on their value as prognostic markers in multidrug resistant tuberculosis patients. This study examined the association between complete blood count variables and drug resistant tuberculosis. Materials and methods: Nighty (90) consenting adults comprising 30 Drug Resistant Tuberculosis patients (DR-TB), 30 Drug susceptible tuberculosis patients (DS-TB) and 30 healthy participants were recruited in this study. Ethical approval was obtained from Oyo State Ministry of Health Institutional Review Board while patients’ demographic data were collected using structured questionnaire. Five milliliters (5mL) of blood samples were collected in EDTA bottle. Haematological parameters were analysed using impedance technique and Mindary-BG5380 5-part automated system. Result: The mean hemoglobin levels were significantly lower in DR-TB patients (11.70 ± 2.73 g/dL) than in DS-TB patients (8.33 ± 9.56 fL), with a mean difference of -3.37 ± 12.29 g/dL. The mean MCH and MCHC levels were also slightly lower in DR-TB patients (26.17 ± 3.44 pg and 30.41 ± 1.92 g/dL, respectively), but the differences were not statistically significant. The WBC count was similar in both groups (8.20 ± 3.80 × 10^9 /L and 8.45 ± 3.63 × 10^9 /L, respectively). Conclusion: The mean hemoglobin levels were significantly lower in DR-TB patients than in DS-TB patients which may be due to the increased inflammation associated with DR-TB. The WBC count was similar in both groups, suggesting that the immune system is responding similarly to the infection in both DR-TB and DS-TB patients.Recommendation: In the meantime, healthcare providers should be aware of these potential differences and use them to inform their diagnosis and treatment of patients with tuberculosis. Keywords: Haematological parameters; drug resistant tuberculosis; Ibadan.
{"title":"Haematological parameter among drug resistant tuberculosis patients in Ibadan","authors":"Pelumi Daniel Adewole, Tosin Deborah Ogundipe, Olumuyiwa Samuel Alabi, Abdulrazak Nuhu","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v24i1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v24i1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Haematological abnormalities are common among tuberculosis patients but there is dearth of information on their value as prognostic markers in multidrug resistant tuberculosis patients. This study examined the association between complete blood count variables and drug resistant tuberculosis. \u0000Materials and methods: Nighty (90) consenting adults comprising 30 Drug Resistant Tuberculosis patients (DR-TB), 30 Drug susceptible tuberculosis patients (DS-TB) and 30 healthy participants were recruited in this study. Ethical approval was obtained from Oyo State Ministry of Health Institutional Review Board while patients’ demographic data were collected using structured questionnaire. Five milliliters (5mL) of blood samples were collected in EDTA bottle. Haematological parameters were analysed using impedance technique and Mindary-BG5380 5-part automated system. \u0000Result: The mean hemoglobin levels were significantly lower in DR-TB patients (11.70 ± 2.73 g/dL) than in DS-TB patients (8.33 ± 9.56 fL), with a mean difference of -3.37 ± 12.29 g/dL. The mean MCH and MCHC levels were also slightly lower in DR-TB patients (26.17 ± 3.44 pg and 30.41 ± 1.92 g/dL, respectively), but the differences were not statistically significant. The WBC count was similar in both groups (8.20 ± 3.80 × 10^9 /L and 8.45 ± 3.63 × 10^9 /L, respectively). \u0000Conclusion: The mean hemoglobin levels were significantly lower in DR-TB patients than in DS-TB patients which may be due to the increased inflammation associated with DR-TB. The WBC count was similar in both groups, suggesting that the immune system is responding similarly to the infection in both DR-TB and DS-TB patients.Recommendation: In the meantime, healthcare providers should be aware of these potential differences and use them to inform their diagnosis and treatment of patients with tuberculosis. \u0000Keywords: Haematological parameters; drug resistant tuberculosis; Ibadan.","PeriodicalId":94295,"journal":{"name":"African health sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140793422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Olusola A Sogebi, Emmanuel A Oyewole, Olubunmi A Osinupebi
Background: Otomycosis is common in environments with hot, humid weather, and it may be challenging to manage. Objectives: To profile common clinical presentations, the pathogenic fungi, the treatment modalities with responses, and exploreclinical factors associated with having positive fungal culture in Otomycosis. Methods: Retrospective review of patients with Otomycosis. Demographic and clinical parameters, otoscopic findings andmycological study results were recorded. The treatment modalities used and treatment response were summarized. Comparativestatistical analyses of associated factors to positive fungal culture were performed with Chi square test, and Student’s t-test, usingSPSS version 22.0 Results: Total of 71 patients with M: F=1:1.8, mean age 38.5±19.8 years. Average duration of symptoms was 5.4 ±4.6 weeks;common presenting complaint was itchy ear (33.8%). Majority of patients (85.9%) had unilateral ear involvement, 50.0% appliedototopic medications before presentation, 8.5% had multiple co-morbidities. 20 patients had positive fungal culture results; commonfungal isolate was Aspergillus niger 9 (45.0%).Clinical factors associated with positive culture of fungus were age, non-previous use of ototopic drugs, and presence ofco-morbidity. The most common treatment was local ear debridement and use of topical antifungal creams. Majority (91.5%)of the patients responded with resolution of fungal infection. Complications rate was 8.4%. Conclusions: Otomycosis commonly present with itchy ears, the pathogenic fungi commonly being Aspergillus species. Thefactors associated with positive fungal culture were age, non-usage of ototopic agents and presence of co-morbidity. Treatmentmodality used was local debridement and topical antifungal agents, which produced favourable response in most patients. Keywords: Otomycosis; mycology; presentations; treatment; complications; associations.
背景：耳霉菌病常见于天气炎热、潮湿的环境中，其治疗具有挑战性。目的：概述耳霉菌病的常见临床表现、致病真菌、治疗方法及反应，并探讨其临床表现：概述耳霉菌病的常见临床表现、致病真菌、治疗方法及反应，并探讨与真菌培养阳性相关的临床因素。方法：对耳霉菌病患者进行回顾性分析：回顾性分析耳霉菌病患者。记录人口统计学和临床参数、耳镜检查结果和肿瘤学研究结果。总结所使用的治疗方法和治疗反应。使用 22.0 版 SPSS 对真菌培养呈阳性的相关因素进行了比较统计分析，采用卡方检验（Chi Square test）和学生 t 检验（Student's t test）：共有 71 名患者，男：女=1:1.8，平均年龄（38.5±19.8）岁。平均病程为（5.4±4.6）周；常见主诉为耳痒（33.8%）。大多数患者（85.9%）为单侧耳部受累，50.0%的患者在发病前使用过异位药物，8.5%的患者合并多种疾病。20名患者的真菌培养结果呈阳性，常见的真菌分离物为黑曲霉9株（45.0%）。与真菌培养呈阳性相关的临床因素包括年龄、未使用过耳穴贴药和合并其他疾病。最常见的治疗方法是局部耳部清创和使用外用抗真菌药膏。大多数患者（91.5%）的真菌感染症状得到缓解。并发症发生率为 8.4%。结论耳霉菌病通常表现为耳朵发痒，致病真菌通常是曲霉菌。真菌培养呈阳性的相关因素包括年龄、未使用耳穴贴敷药物以及合并其他疾病。治疗方法是局部清创和外用抗真菌药物，大多数患者都取得了良好的疗效。关键词耳霉菌病；真菌学；表现；治疗；并发症；关联。
{"title":"Clinicopathological study of otomycosis in a tertiary hospital in South-west Nigeria","authors":"Olusola A Sogebi, Emmanuel A Oyewole, Olubunmi A Osinupebi","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v24i1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v24i1.9","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Otomycosis is common in environments with hot, humid weather, and it may be challenging to manage. \u0000Objectives: To profile common clinical presentations, the pathogenic fungi, the treatment modalities with responses, and exploreclinical factors associated with having positive fungal culture in Otomycosis. \u0000Methods: Retrospective review of patients with Otomycosis. Demographic and clinical parameters, otoscopic findings andmycological study results were recorded. The treatment modalities used and treatment response were summarized. Comparativestatistical analyses of associated factors to positive fungal culture were performed with Chi square test, and Student’s t-test, usingSPSS version 22.0 \u0000Results: Total of 71 patients with M: F=1:1.8, mean age 38.5±19.8 years. Average duration of symptoms was 5.4 ±4.6 weeks;common presenting complaint was itchy ear (33.8%). Majority of patients (85.9%) had unilateral ear involvement, 50.0% appliedototopic medications before presentation, 8.5% had multiple co-morbidities. 20 patients had positive fungal culture results; commonfungal isolate was Aspergillus niger 9 (45.0%).Clinical factors associated with positive culture of fungus were age, non-previous use of ototopic drugs, and presence ofco-morbidity. The most common treatment was local ear debridement and use of topical antifungal creams. Majority (91.5%)of the patients responded with resolution of fungal infection. Complications rate was 8.4%. \u0000Conclusions: Otomycosis commonly present with itchy ears, the pathogenic fungi commonly being Aspergillus species. Thefactors associated with positive fungal culture were age, non-usage of ototopic agents and presence of co-morbidity. Treatmentmodality used was local debridement and topical antifungal agents, which produced favourable response in most patients. \u0000Keywords: Otomycosis; mycology; presentations; treatment; complications; associations.","PeriodicalId":94295,"journal":{"name":"African health sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140777574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Community Client Led Anti-retroviral therapy Delivery (CCLAD) Model has been associated with increased community participation and ownership, which leads to better treatment outcomes with reduced workload and increased client satisfaction of health services. Aim: To explore the barriers to enrolment of eligible clients into CCLAD in selected health facilities in Kasese District, Uganda. Materials & methods: Analytical cross-sectional study utilizing mixed method approach was conducted among 384 PLWHIV attending public health facilities of Kasese District. Sampling was done by simple random sampling method. Data was collected using researcher-administered questionnaire method and interview guide. Results: Most of the respondents 253(65.9%) had not yet enrolled into CCLAD. This was due to some client-related factors such as non-disclosure of HIV sero-status (p=0.040), person to whom HIV sero-status was disclosed to (p=0.009), not having ever heard about CCLAD (p=0.000), incorrect description of CCLAD (p=0.000), limited knowledge of advantages of CCLAD (p=0.000) or disadvantages of CCLAD (p=0.003). Other barriers were; failure to have access to organizations or groups that support PLWHIV to get treatment (p=0.025) and duration of ART refills [AOR=1.637, 95% CI (0.820 – 3.270)]. Conclusion: Adoption of CCLAD model among PLWHIV in Kasese District is still low. Keywords: Community client led anti-retroviral therapy delivery (CCLAD); enrolment; health care and public health.
背景：社区患者主导的抗逆转录病毒疗法提供模式（CCLAD）与社区参与度和自主权的提高有关，这种模式可通过减少工作量和提高患者对医疗服务的满意度来改善治疗效果。目的：在乌干达卡塞塞区选定的医疗机构中，探讨符合条件的患者加入 CCLAD 的障碍。材料与方法：采用混合方法对 384 名在卡塞塞区公共医疗机构就诊的 PLWHIV 进行了横断面分析研究。抽样采用简单随机抽样法。采用研究人员发放的问卷调查法和访谈指南收集数据。结果大多数受访者有 253 人（65.9%）尚未加入 CCLAD。这是由于一些与客户相关的因素造成的，如未披露 HIV 血清状况（p=0.040）、向谁披露了 HIV 血清状况（p=0.009）、从未听说过 CCLAD（p=0.000）、对 CCLAD 的描述不正确（p=0.000）、对 CCLAD 的优点（p=0.000）或缺点（p=0.003）了解有限。其他障碍包括：无法接触支持 PLWHIV 接受治疗的组织或团体（p=0.025），以及抗逆转录病毒疗法续药时间[AOR=1.637，95% CI (0.820 - 3.270)]。结论卡塞塞地区的艾滋病毒感染者对CCLAD模式的采用率仍然很低。关键词社区客户主导的抗逆转录病毒疗法（CCLAD）；注册；医疗保健与公共卫生。
{"title":"Barriers to enrolment of clients into community client led anti-retroviral therapy delivery (CCLAD) in selected health facilities in Kasese District, Uganda","authors":"Kizito Omona","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v24i1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v24i1.7","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Community Client Led Anti-retroviral therapy Delivery (CCLAD) Model has been associated with increased community participation and ownership, which leads to better treatment outcomes with reduced workload and increased client satisfaction of health services. \u0000Aim: To explore the barriers to enrolment of eligible clients into CCLAD in selected health facilities in Kasese District, Uganda. \u0000Materials & methods: Analytical cross-sectional study utilizing mixed method approach was conducted among 384 PLWHIV attending public health facilities of Kasese District. Sampling was done by simple random sampling method. Data was collected using researcher-administered questionnaire method and interview guide. \u0000Results: Most of the respondents 253(65.9%) had not yet enrolled into CCLAD. This was due to some client-related factors such as non-disclosure of HIV sero-status (p=0.040), person to whom HIV sero-status was disclosed to (p=0.009), not having ever heard about CCLAD (p=0.000), incorrect description of CCLAD (p=0.000), limited knowledge of advantages of CCLAD (p=0.000) or disadvantages of CCLAD (p=0.003). Other barriers were; failure to have access to organizations or groups that support PLWHIV to get treatment (p=0.025) and duration of ART refills [AOR=1.637, 95% CI (0.820 – 3.270)]. \u0000Conclusion: Adoption of CCLAD model among PLWHIV in Kasese District is still low. \u0000Keywords: Community client led anti-retroviral therapy delivery (CCLAD); enrolment; health care and public health.","PeriodicalId":94295,"journal":{"name":"African health sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140762003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mosebo A Manabile, Tibello C Maguga-Phasha, Marema E Makgatho
Background: The impact of Tuberculosis (TB) places an immense burden on the health care system. Infection with HumanImmunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a significant risk factor in the development and progression of TB disease. Single NucleotidePolymorphisms (SNPs) in the promoter region of Interleukin-10 (IL-10) and Tumour Necrotic Factor-Alpha (TNF-α) may playa major role in the disease mechanism and understanding these mechanisms might prove to be a useful diagnostic tool in evaluatingthe immune regulation and progression of the disease. Objective: This study aimed to determine the relationship between cytokine levels and gene variants of Interleukin-10 and TumourNecrotic Factor Alpha in TB and HIV-infected participants. Methods: Cytokine levels were determined by ELISA, and SNPs were determined by MassArray®. Results: The levels of TNF-α were higher in the TB group than the HIV (p < 0.001) and TB-HIV (p = 0.011) groups, but similar to the TNF-α levels in the control group. In the HIV group, IL-10 levels were higher than those of the TB (p < 0.001) and control groups (p = 0.039), whereas there was no difference between the IL-10 levels in the HIV and the TB-HIV infection groups. The ratio was determined and there were no differences between the four infection groups. In this study, no associations were detected between the circulating plasma levels of TNF-α and IL-10 and their genotypes. Conclusion: Our data showed that the gene variants were not associated with circulating plasma levels of TNF-α and IL-10 in our study population. A pro-inflammatory environment was found in the TB and TB-HIV groups, which is suggesting of bacterial clearance, while an anti-inflammatory environment was found in the HIV group, which suggests the suppression ofviral replication. Keywords: Tuberculosis; Human immunodeficiency virus; interleukin-10.
{"title":"Effects of SNPs on TNF-α and IL-10 cytokine expression in TB and HIV patients in the Capricorn district, Limpopo Province, South Africa","authors":"Mosebo A Manabile, Tibello C Maguga-Phasha, Marema E Makgatho","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v24i1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v24i1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The impact of Tuberculosis (TB) places an immense burden on the health care system. Infection with HumanImmunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a significant risk factor in the development and progression of TB disease. Single NucleotidePolymorphisms (SNPs) in the promoter region of Interleukin-10 (IL-10) and Tumour Necrotic Factor-Alpha (TNF-α) may playa major role in the disease mechanism and understanding these mechanisms might prove to be a useful diagnostic tool in evaluatingthe immune regulation and progression of the disease. \u0000Objective: This study aimed to determine the relationship between cytokine levels and gene variants of Interleukin-10 and TumourNecrotic Factor Alpha in TB and HIV-infected participants. \u0000Methods: Cytokine levels were determined by ELISA, and SNPs were determined by MassArray®. \u0000Results: The levels of TNF-α were higher in the TB group than the HIV (p < 0.001) and TB-HIV (p = 0.011) groups, but similar to the TNF-α levels in the control group. In the HIV group, IL-10 levels were higher than those of the TB (p < 0.001) and control groups (p = 0.039), whereas there was no difference between the IL-10 levels in the HIV and the TB-HIV infection groups. The ratio was determined and there were no differences between the four infection groups. In this study, no associations were detected between the circulating plasma levels of TNF-α and IL-10 and their genotypes. \u0000Conclusion: Our data showed that the gene variants were not associated with circulating plasma levels of TNF-α and IL-10 in our study population. A pro-inflammatory environment was found in the TB and TB-HIV groups, which is suggesting of bacterial clearance, while an anti-inflammatory environment was found in the HIV group, which suggests the suppression ofviral replication. \u0000Keywords: Tuberculosis; Human immunodeficiency virus; interleukin-10.","PeriodicalId":94295,"journal":{"name":"African health sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140788873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samuel Oyibo, Atariata Oghenewoke, Mary O Balogun, Ugbe Maurice-Joel Ugbe
Background: Women living with HIV/AIDS possess fertility desires similar to their uninfected counterparts, and with advances in health therapies, these women can realistically have and raise uninfected children. Preconception care (PC) is a specialized form of intervention aimed at the prevention, identification, treatment, and management of biomedical, behavioural, and social conditions that militate against safe motherhood and the delivery of healthy offspring. Objective: The study aimed to assess preconception and contraceptive care among women living with HIV and attending Antiretroviral Therapy Clinics in Alimosho, Lagos State, Nigeria. Methods: This was a descriptive facility-based cross-sectional study of 383 women of reproductive age living with HIV/AIDS and attending ART clinics in the study area. Probability sampling methods were used in the selection procedures. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, and univariate logistic regression at a 5% level of significance. Stratified and simple random sampling were used in the selection process. Results: Only 37.4% of respondents received optimal PC services. Being 20-29 years old [OR =1.716 (95% CI: 1.664, 1.769), p = 0.020], being 30-39 years [OR =1.514 (95% CI: 0.598, 3.831), p = 0.005], tertiary education [OR =8.43. (95% CI: 1.41, 18.5), p = 0.020], and being single [OR =2.00 (95% CI: 1.928-2.072), p = 0.002] were significantly related to the utilization of contraceptives. Conclusion: There is a need to provide structure and guidelines for optimal streamlined PC and contraceptive services for women living with HIV/AIDS. Keywords: Preconception care; contraceptive care; HIV/AIDS; women.
{"title":"Preconception and contraceptive care for women living with HIV/AIDS attending antiretroviral treatment clinics in Lagos State, Nigeria","authors":"Samuel Oyibo, Atariata Oghenewoke, Mary O Balogun, Ugbe Maurice-Joel Ugbe","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v24i1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v24i1.5","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Women living with HIV/AIDS possess fertility desires similar to their uninfected counterparts, and with advances in health therapies, these women can realistically have and raise uninfected children. Preconception care (PC) is a specialized form of intervention aimed at the prevention, identification, treatment, and management of biomedical, behavioural, and social conditions that militate against safe motherhood and the delivery of healthy offspring. \u0000Objective: The study aimed to assess preconception and contraceptive care among women living with HIV and attending Antiretroviral Therapy Clinics in Alimosho, Lagos State, Nigeria. \u0000Methods: This was a descriptive facility-based cross-sectional study of 383 women of reproductive age living with HIV/AIDS and attending ART clinics in the study area. Probability sampling methods were used in the selection procedures. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, and univariate logistic regression at a 5% level of significance. Stratified and simple random sampling were used in the selection process. \u0000Results: Only 37.4% of respondents received optimal PC services. Being 20-29 years old [OR =1.716 (95% CI: 1.664, 1.769), p = 0.020], being 30-39 years [OR =1.514 (95% CI: 0.598, 3.831), p = 0.005], tertiary education [OR =8.43. (95% CI: 1.41, 18.5), p = 0.020], and being single [OR =2.00 (95% CI: 1.928-2.072), p = 0.002] were significantly related to the utilization of contraceptives. \u0000Conclusion: There is a need to provide structure and guidelines for optimal streamlined PC and contraceptive services for women living with HIV/AIDS. \u0000Keywords: Preconception care; contraceptive care; HIV/AIDS; women.","PeriodicalId":94295,"journal":{"name":"African health sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140792017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim: To provide more insights about beliefs of witchcraft and supernatural means as causes of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) among women in Senegal. Method: We included eligible women from the demographic and health survey conducted in Senegal during the year 2017. Results: We included 15335 women, of those 620 (4%) thought that they can get HIV through witchcraft or supernaturalmeans. After the adjustment of all available covariates, old age, receiving primary or secondary education, higher wealth index,more frequency of listening to radio, watching television for less than once a week and reading newspaper or magazine for atleast once a week were significantly associated with a reduction in the witchcraft and supernatural means beliefs (p < 0.05).Moreover, rural residence was associated with an increase in the wrong HIV beliefs (p < 0.05). Conclusion: We demonstrated many predictors of the wrong beliefs about getting HIV infection by witchcraft or supernaturalmeans in the Senegalese women. Policymakers should initiate health educational programs in parallel with increasing thesocioeconomic status to limit the HIV transmission. In addition, continuous monitoring of the HIV knowledge in the endemiccountries is crucial to decrease HIV burden. Keywords: HIV; infection; witchcraft; misconception; myths.
{"title":"Sociodemographic predictors of beliefs about getting HIV infection by witchcraft or supernatural means: A population-based study of 15335 Senegalese women","authors":"Amr Ehab El-Qushayri, Amira Yasmine Benmelouka","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v24i1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v24i1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To provide more insights about beliefs of witchcraft and supernatural means as causes of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) among women in Senegal. \u0000Method: We included eligible women from the demographic and health survey conducted in Senegal during the year 2017. \u0000Results: We included 15335 women, of those 620 (4%) thought that they can get HIV through witchcraft or supernaturalmeans. After the adjustment of all available covariates, old age, receiving primary or secondary education, higher wealth index,more frequency of listening to radio, watching television for less than once a week and reading newspaper or magazine for atleast once a week were significantly associated with a reduction in the witchcraft and supernatural means beliefs (p < 0.05).Moreover, rural residence was associated with an increase in the wrong HIV beliefs (p < 0.05). \u0000Conclusion: We demonstrated many predictors of the wrong beliefs about getting HIV infection by witchcraft or supernaturalmeans in the Senegalese women. Policymakers should initiate health educational programs in parallel with increasing thesocioeconomic status to limit the HIV transmission. In addition, continuous monitoring of the HIV knowledge in the endemiccountries is crucial to decrease HIV burden. \u0000Keywords: HIV; infection; witchcraft; misconception; myths.","PeriodicalId":94295,"journal":{"name":"African health sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140797273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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