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The realities of adolescent sexual behaviours in Nigeria: a narrative review 尼日利亚青少年性行为的现实情况:叙述性综述
Pub Date : 2024-07-17 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v24i2.30
David Bamidele Olawade, Akinsola J Asaolu, Yusuff Adebayo Adebisi, Fiyinfoluwa T. Asaolu, Aderonke Odetayo, Aanuoluwapo Clement David-Olawade
Background: Adolescence is a critical period of development during which young people experience significant physical, cognitive, and social changes. Adolescent sexual behaviors can have significant consequences for their physical and mental health, as well as for their social and economic well-being. In Nigeria, the majority of adolescents have their sexual debut before the age of 18, and many do not have access to comprehensive sexuality education or sexual and reproductive health services. Objective: We conducted a narrative review to discuss how early adolescence, in conjunction with a variety of social and environmental variables, influences adolescents' risky sexual behaviours in Nigeria. Methods: A narrative review was conducted to explore the realities of adolescent sexual behaviors in Nigeria. Searches were conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline, and PubMed Central using predetermined search terms. The articles were reviewed and analyzed and then the findings were discussed narratively. Results: Various factors, including sexual maturation, peer association, and environment play key roles in an adolescents’ drive toward a first sexual experience. Many adolescents participate in risky sexual activities that may impact their health and well-being. These risky sexual behaviours, such as early sexual debut, lack of or improper use of condoms, multiple sexual partners, put them at high risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections (STIs), as well as unintended adolescent pregnancy. Conclusion: Teenagers are momentarily endangered with various risky sexual behaviors as those who lack parental sex education are at greater risk. Hence, parent-child communication should be encouraged to curtail risky sexual habits among teenagers. Keywords: Sexual health; sexual behaviour; adolescent; young people; Nigeria.
背景:青春期是青少年成长的关键时期,在此期间,青少年的身体、认知和社会都会发生重大变化。青少年的性行为会对他们的身心健康以及社会和经济福祉产生重大影响。在尼日利亚,大多数青少年在 18 岁之前初次性行为,许多青少年无法获得全面的性教育或性健康和生殖健康服务。目的:我们进行了一项叙述性综述,讨论青春期早期与各种社会和环境变量如何影响尼日利亚青少年的危险性行为。方法我们进行了一项叙事性综述,以探讨尼日利亚青少年性行为的现实情况。使用预先确定的搜索条件在 PubMed、Google Scholar、Medline 和 PubMed Central 上进行了搜索。对文章进行了审查和分析,然后对结果进行了叙述性讨论。结果包括性成熟、同伴关系和环境在内的各种因素在青少年追求初次性经历的过程中起着关键作用。许多青少年参与的危险性行为可能会影响他们的健康和幸福。这些危险的性行为,如过早开始性生活、不使用或不正确使用安全套、多个性伴侣等,使他们处于感染性传播疾病(STIs)和少女意外怀孕的高风险之中。结论青少年一时受到各种危险性行为的威胁,因为缺乏父母性教育的青少年面临的风险更大。因此,应鼓励亲子沟通,以减少青少年的危险性习惯。关键词:性健康;性行为;青少年性健康;性行为;青少年;年轻人;尼日利亚。
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引用次数: 0
Changes of beneficiaries after Red Cross safe motherhood project in Northern Uganda 乌干达北部红十字会安全孕产项目后受益人的变化
Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v24i2.24
Ai Ogata, Mie Naiki, Yukiya Saito, Alex Onzima
Background: The Japanese Red Cross Society (JRCS) and the Uganda Red Cross Society (URCS) collaboratively implemented the safe motherhood project for women of reproductive age and community people to improve reproductive health in Northern Uganda from 2010 to 2016. Follow-up visit has not been conducted and the information on detailed changes of the beneficiaries were limited. Objectives: To explore the beneficiaries’ changes after the Red Cross safe motherhood project in Northern Uganda. Methods: Study design was qualitative content analysis using interview guides. Findings: After the approval of Institutional Review Board Clearance, the study was started. All participants of the study were informed the study objectives, methods, and ethical considerations and consented to participate. The study participants were six people, three beneficiary couples. Changes in knowledge of safe motherhood and general healthcare, attitude helped and prepared financially, attitude to look women as valuable people, practice of visiting health center to get something, practice of avoiding infectious diseases, practice of increment of ANC visit and facility-based delivery, practice of male involvement for safe motherhood were derived from the interview. Conclusion: Follow-up visit revealed positive changes of beneficiaries after the project, however continuous support is needed for sustainability of the safe motherhood project. Keywords: Beneficiaries; Red Cross safe motherhood; Northern Uganda.
背景:日本红十字会(JRCS)和乌干达红十字会(URCS)于 2010 年至 2016 年在乌干达北部合作实施了针对育龄妇女和社区居民的安全孕产项目,以改善生殖健康。后续访问尚未开展,有关受益人详细变化的信息也很有限。目标:探讨在乌干达北部实施红十字安全孕产项目后受益者的变化。研究方法使用访谈指南进行定性内容分析。研究结果在获得机构审查委员会的批准后,研究开始进行。所有研究参与者都被告知了研究目标、方法和伦理考虑因素,并同意参与研究。研究参与者共六人,其中三对受益夫妇。从访谈中得出了以下方面的变化:安全孕产和一般保健知识、在经济上提供帮助和准备的态度、视妇女为贵人的态度、到保健中心就诊的做法、避免传染病的做法、增加产前检查次数和在医疗机构分娩的做法、男性参与安全孕产的做法。结论后续访问显示,项目结束后受益人发生了积极变化,但安全孕产项目的可持续性需要持续的支持。关键词受益人;红十字会安全孕产;乌干达北部。
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引用次数: 0
Motives and consequences of musculoskeletal injuries management at traditional bone setting centers rather than hospital orthopedic departments in Khartoum, Sudan 2020 苏丹喀土穆传统骨科中心而非医院骨科处理肌肉骨骼损伤的动机和后果 2020 年
Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v24i2.39
Hatim Hamad, Dina Omer, Rana Abdelnabi, Abrar Abdelgaleel
Background: Traditional bone setter (TBS) is a traditional practitioner of joint manipulation who lack proper training and formal education, therefore many complications and fracture morbidity has been reported in relation to TBS malpractice. Material and methodos: The goal of this study was to determine the motives and subsequent complications of seeking TBS rather than orthopedic doctors even though patients should seek urgent proper medical care. Data of this study has been drawn from observational descriptive cross-sectional combined hospitals and community based, multicenter study in Sudan. Results: (55.3%) of participants were at TBS centers and (44.7%) were at hospitals for a variety of reasons; (66.7%) of total participants have utilized TBS services as either 1st or 2nd intervention before or following hospital management and complications were reported in (22.3%) of total participants utilizing TBS services. Conclusion: The number of patients seeking TBS centers exceeded the number of patients seeking hospitals for musculoskeletal injuries management. Finally there was no association between the educational level, socioeconomic status and the first action taken By patient toward their injuries. Keywords: Traditional bone setter; complications; Orthopedics.
背景:传统接骨师(TBS)是一种传统的关节操作从业人员,他们缺乏适当的培训和正规的教育,因此有报道称许多并发症和骨折发病率都与传统接骨师的不当操作有关。材料和方法本研究的目的是确定患者在应该紧急寻求适当医疗护理的情况下,寻求 TBS 而非骨科医生治疗的动机和后续并发症。本研究的数据来自苏丹医院和社区联合开展的多中心观察描述性横断面研究。结果:55.3%的参与者在骨科治疗中心就诊,44.7%的参与者因各种原因在医院就诊;66.7%的参与者在接受医院治疗之前或之后将骨科治疗服务作为第一或第二干预措施,22.3%的参与者在使用骨科治疗服务后出现并发症。结论在肌肉骨骼损伤治疗方面,寻求治疗和康复中心治疗的患者人数超过了寻求医院治疗的患者人数。最后,患者的教育水平、社会经济地位与首次采取的治疗措施之间没有关联。关键词传统接骨疗法;并发症;骨科。
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引用次数: 0
A 10 year retrospective review of factors associated with poor foetal outcome in patients with placenta praevia at the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Nigeria 对尼日利亚迈杜古里大学教学医院前置胎盘患者不良胎儿结局相关因素的十年回顾性研究
Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v24i2.25
Ado D. Geidam, Hassan H Abubakar
Background: Placenta Praevia (PP), a placenta that is implanted in the lower uterine segment has the potential to cause severe obstetric complications including foetal death. Objective: To determine the factors associated with poor foetal outcomes in patients with placenta praevia. Method: A retrospective review of the foetal outcome of all cases of PP managed at the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital over 10 years (2011 to 2021).Chi-square test or Fixer exact test as appropriate were used to determine the factors associated with the development of poor foetal outcome. P-value < 0.05 was consider statistically significant. Results: There were 26,407 deliveries during the study period out of which 166 were placenta previa; a prevalence of 0.6%. Most of the patients, 84.8% (95/112) were unbooked. The majority 50.9% (57/112) had blood loss ≥ 1000 ml and 30.4% (34/112) foetuses were of low birth weight. Low birthweight, hypotension, anaemia, unbooked status, vaginal delivery, and EBL ≥ 1000 mls were found to be significantly associated with foetal death. Conclusions: Poor foetal outcome was associated with Unbooked status, anaemia, vaginal delivery, EBL of ≥ 1000 mls, hypotension and duration of hospital stay ≥ 7 days in patients with placenta previa in our environment. Keywords: Foetal outcome; placenta praevia; poor outcome; UMTH.
背景:前置胎盘(PP)是指植入子宫下段的胎盘,有可能导致严重的产科并发症,包括胎儿死亡。研究目的确定前置胎盘患者不良胎儿预后的相关因素。方法对迈杜古里大学教学医院 10 年(2011 年至 2021 年)内处理的所有前置胎盘病例的胎儿结局进行回顾性分析。P值小于0.05为具有统计学意义。结果研究期间共有 26 407 例分娩,其中 166 例为前置胎盘,发生率为 0.6%。大部分患者(84.8%,95/112)未预约。大多数产妇(50.9%,57/112)失血量≥1000 毫升,30.4%(34/112)的胎儿出生体重偏低。低出生体重、低血压、贫血、未预约、阴道分娩和 EBL ≥ 1000 毫升与胎儿死亡有显著相关性。结论在我们的环境中,前置胎盘患者的不良胎儿预后与未预约状态、贫血、阴道分娩、EBL≥1000毫升、低血压和住院时间≥7天有关。关键词胎儿结局;前置胎盘;不良结局;UTH。
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引用次数: 0
Utilisation of immediate and early postpartum intrauterine contraceptive devices among adolescents in Mbale City, Eastern Uganda 乌干达东部姆巴莱市青少年产后立即和早期宫内避孕器的使用情况
Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v24i2.28
Priscilla Alupo, Julius Nteziyaremye, Rose Chalo Nabirye, Lydia VN Ssenyonga, Pamella R Adongo, Joshua Epuitai, I. Mbwali
Background: Uganda is predominantly a young adolescent population and has a very high (74%) rapid repeat adolescent pregnancy (RRAP) rate. The utilisation of immediate and early postpartum intrauterine contraceptive devices (PPIUCD) is the most effective strategy to immensely abate the medical and social consequences associated with adolescent pregnancies. Objectives: To determine the prevalence and factors influencing the utilisation of immediate and early PPIUCD among adolescents in Mbale City, Eastern Uganda. Methods: We used a cross sectional study design with quantitative and qualitative methods. Interviewer administered pretested semi-structured questionnaire was used to interview a sample of 422 participants. Eight key informant interviews were conducted to explore the perceived enablers and barriers to use of immediate and early PPIUCD. Qualitative data was analyzed using deductive thematic analysis. Results: The prevalence of immediate and early PPIUCD utilisation was 2.4% (10/422). Inadequate adolescent knowledge, inadequate mentorship training of health care providers, equipment and infrastructure and myths and misconceptions were perceived to limit uptake of immediate and early PPIUCD. Conclusion: The prevalence of immediate and early PPIUCD utilisation was very low. In-service training of health care workers and effective counseling of adolescents may correct the perceived myths and misconceptions thus increasing uptake of immediate and early PPIUCD. Keywords: Immediate and early postpartum intrauterine contraceptive devices; rapid repeat adolescent pregnancies; postpartum adolescents; key informants; Mbale City.
背景:乌干达主要是年轻的青少年人口,青少年快速重复怀孕率非常高(74%)。使用产后即刻和早期宫内避孕器(PPIUCD)是最有效的策略,可大大减轻与少女怀孕相关的医疗和社会后果。目标确定乌干达东部姆巴莱市青少年使用产后即刻和早期宫内避孕器的普遍程度和影响因素。方法: 采用横断面研究设计:我们采用了横断面研究设计,并使用了定量和定性方法。我们使用由访谈者管理的、经过预先测试的半结构化问卷,对 422 名参与者进行了抽样访谈。我们还对八名关键信息提供者进行了访谈,以了解他们对立即和尽早使用 PPIUCD 的促进因素和障碍的看法。采用演绎主题分析法对定性数据进行了分析。结果显示立即和尽早使用 PPIUCD 的比例为 2.4%(10/422)。青少年知识不足、医疗服务提供者的指导培训不足、设备和基础设施不足以及迷信和误解被认为是限制即时和早期使用 PPIUCD 的原因。结论立即和早期使用 PPIUCD 的比例非常低。对医护人员的在职培训和对青少年的有效咨询可纠正这些误解,从而提高即刻和早期使用 PPIUCD 的比例。关键词产后即刻和早期宫内避孕器;青少年快速重复妊娠;产后青少年;关键信息提供者;姆巴莱市。
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引用次数: 0
The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the appointments and anxiety level of Nigerian patients visiting the dental clinics COVID-19 大流行对尼日利亚牙科诊所就诊病人的预约和焦虑程度的影响
Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v24i2.13
S. Olabimpe, Adeyemi Tope, O. Olayinka, Fadeju Dada, Lillian Enone, Lawal Omotoyosi, Nnawuihe Ukachi, Salami Afolake, Sotunde Olawale
Introduction: The epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), originating in Wuhan, China, has become a major public health challenge for many countries around the world, including Nigeria. The World Health Organization announced that the outbreaks of the novel coronavirus have constituted a public health emergency of international concern. To control the spread of the disease, many countries, including Nigeria imposed measures such as border screening, social distancing and restriction of all movements. To prevent further spread of the disease, in many places, dentists were restricted to only handling urgencies and emergencies. Aim: To evaluate the impact of lockdown resulting from COVID-19 pandemic on patients’ willingness to attend their dental appointments, clarify their concerns about their ongoing dental treatment, and to assess the anxiety level of patients regarding the risk of contracting the infection at dental offices in Nigeria. Method: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out among patients aged 13 years and above, visiting dental clinics in six teaching hospitals across three geopolitical zones of Nigeria: South-West, South-South and North-West. Result: Few (26.6%) of the participants were compliant with the lockdown restriction. Regarding the general anxiety level of the patients, majority (48.3%) reported calmness. There was a highly statistically significant association between patients’ feeling about the pandemic and their willingness to attend a dental appointment visit. Conclusion: Majority of the participants demonstrated calmness towards the pandemic and did not exhibit fear or anxiety going to dental clinics during the COVID-19 outbreak. Keywords: COVID-19; dental appointments; anxiety level.
导言:起源于中国武汉的 2019 年冠状病毒病(COVID-19)疫情已成为包括尼日利亚在内的世界许多国家面临的一项重大公共卫生挑战。世界卫生组织宣布,新型冠状病毒的爆发已构成国际关注的突发公共卫生事件。为控制疫情蔓延,包括尼日利亚在内的许多国家采取了边境筛查、社会隔离和限制一切行动等措施。为防止疾病进一步传播,许多地方限制牙医只能处理急诊和紧急情况。目的:评估 COVID-19 大流行导致的封锁对患者就诊意愿的影响,澄清他们对正在进行的牙科治疗的担忧,并评估尼日利亚牙科诊所患者对感染风险的焦虑程度。研究方法本研究是一项描述性横断面研究,研究对象是尼日利亚三个地理政治区内六家教学医院牙科诊所的 13 岁及以上就诊患者:西南部、南部和西北部。结果显示很少(26.6%)的参与者遵守了封锁限制。关于病人的总体焦虑程度,大多数人(48.3%)表示平静。患者对大流行病的感觉与他们是否愿意去看牙医之间存在高度统计学意义上的关联。结论在 COVID-19 爆发期间,大多数参与者对大流行病表现出平静,并没有表现出对牙科诊所的恐惧或焦虑。关键词COVID-19;牙科就诊;焦虑程度。
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引用次数: 0
Malaria Control Programme in Nigeria: uptake of prevention strategies - a systematic review 尼日利亚疟疾控制计划:预防战略的采用情况--系统审查
Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v24i2.21
Collins Ugwu, N. Ugwu, Ogbonnaya Ogbu, O. Chukwu, N. Chika-Igwenyi, Olaronke Afolabi, Daniel Igwe, Esther Ekwe, Ngozi Ezekwesili, C. Uneke, G. Isiguzo
Background: Malaria presents a colossal burden to Africa, including Nigeria. The objective of this study was to review relevant publications to identify specific malaria control strategies in Nigeria and to determine their level of uptake. Methods: A Medline Entrez Pubmed search was conducted to identify studies from July 2013 to June 2018 investigating malaria control strategies. The search yielded 123 publications and twelve publications that met the inclusion criteria were systematically reviewed and results presented. Results: Five publications investigated the level of uptake of IPTp-SP and all reported low uptake of IPTp-SP. Five other publications investigated the uptake of LLINs, of which two reported good uptake. Two studies were on the uptake of mRDT or microscopy before Artemesinin-based combination therapy (ACT) and reported good uptake. Factors associated with poor uptake of malaria preventive strategies included a poorly-financed and poorly structured healthcare system, poor antenatal clinic visits, unavailability of the antimalaria drugs and nets, ignorance, poverty, cultural/religious belief and cost of mRDT and microscopy. Conclusion: Though malaria control strategies are available in Nigeria, there was insufficient uptake of these preventive strategies. Awareness creation and education on the importance of preventive strategies and their efficient utilization will help reduce Nigeria’s malaria burden. Keywords: Anaemia; malaria control strategies; Nigeria; Uptake.
背景:疟疾给包括尼日利亚在内的非洲带来了巨大的负担。本研究的目的是审查相关出版物,以确定尼日利亚的具体疟疾控制策略,并确定其采用水平。研究方法对 Medline Entrez Pubmed 进行了检索,以确定 2013 年 7 月至 2018 年 6 月期间调查疟疾控制策略的研究。搜索结果显示有 123 篇出版物,对符合纳入标准的 12 篇出版物进行了系统性审查,并提交了审查结果。结果:五篇出版物调查了IPTp-SP的吸收水平,所有出版物均报告了IPTp-SP的低吸收率。另有五份出版物调查了长效驱虫蚊帐的使用情况,其中两份报告了良好的使用情况。有两项研究是关于青蒿素类复方疗法(ACT)前使用 mRDT 或显微镜检查的情况,并报告了良好的使用情况。与疟疾预防策略使用率低有关的因素包括:医疗保健系统资金短缺、结构不完善、产前门诊量低、抗疟疾药物和蚊帐供应不足、无知、贫困、文化/宗教信仰以及移动射线荧光检测和显微镜检查的费用。结论:虽然尼日利亚有疟疾控制策略,但这些预防策略的使用率并不高。就预防策略的重要性及其有效利用进行宣传和教育,将有助于减轻尼日利亚的疟疾负担。关键词贫血;疟疾控制策略;尼日利亚;吸收。
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引用次数: 0
Prediction of preterm birth at St. Mary’s Hospital Lacor, Northern Uganda: a prospective cohort study 乌干达北部拉科尔圣玛丽医院早产预测:前瞻性队列研究
Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v24i2.31
S. Awor, R. Byanyima, B. Abola, A. Nakimuli, Christopher Orach, P. Kiondo, Jasper Ogwal Okeng, Dan Kaye
Background: Preterm birth causes over 2% of perinatal mortality in Africa. Screening in prenatal clinics, may be used to identify women at risk. This study developed and validated second-trimester prediction models of preterm birth, using maternal socio-demographic characteristics, sonographic findings, and laboratory parameters in Northern Uganda. Methods: This prospective cohort study recruited 1,000 pregnant mothers at 16 - 24 weeks, and assessed their socio-demographic and clinical characteristics. Preterm birth (delivery after 28 and before 37 weeks) was the primary study outcome. Multi-variable analyses were performed, built models in RStudio, and cross-vaidated them using K (10)-fold cross-validation. Results: The Incidence of preterm birth was 11.9% (90 out of 774). The predictors of preterm birth were multiple pregnancies, personal history of preeclampsia, history of previous preterm birth, diastolic hypertension, serum ALP<98IU, white blood cell count >11000 cells/μl, platelet lymphocyte ratio >71.38, serum urea of 11-45 IU. These predicted preterm birth by 69.5% AUC, with 62.4% accuracy, 77.2% sensitivity, and 47.1% specificity. Conclusion: Despite low specificity, these models predict up to 77.2% of those destined to have a preterm birth, and may be used for second-trimester preterm birth screening in low-resource clinics. Keywords: Prediction; second-trimester; preterm-birth; Uganda; Africa.
背景:早产占非洲围产期死亡率的 2%以上。产前诊所的筛查可用于识别高危产妇。这项研究利用乌干达北部产妇的社会人口特征、超声波检查结果和实验室参数,开发并验证了第二孕期早产预测模型。研究方法这项前瞻性队列研究招募了 1,000 名怀孕 16-24 周的孕妇,并评估了她们的社会人口学和临床特征。早产(28 周后和 37 周前分娩)是主要的研究结果。研究人员进行了多变量分析,在 RStudio 中建立了模型,并使用 K (10) 倍交叉验证对模型进行了交叉验证。结果早产发生率为 11.9%(774 例中有 90 例)。早产的预测因素包括多胎妊娠、子痫前期病史、既往早产史、舒张期高血压、血清 ALP11000 细胞/μl、血小板淋巴细胞比值大于 71.38、血清尿素 11-45 IU。这些指标预测早产的 AUC 为 69.5%,准确率为 62.4%,灵敏度为 77.2%,特异性为 47.1%。结论尽管特异性较低,但这些模型可预测77.2%的早产儿,可用于低资源诊所的二胎早产筛查。关键词预测;二胎;早产;乌干达;非洲。
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引用次数: 0
Relationship between calcium-to-magnesium ratio and malaria parasite density among children with uncomplicated malaria infection 无并发症疟疾感染儿童的钙镁比值与疟原虫密度之间的关系
Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v24i2.18
Oziegbe Johnson Airen, Loveth Amenaghawon Emokpae, Zainab Omoruyi, Mathias Abiodun Emokpae
Background/Objective: A high calcium-to-magnesium ratio above 2:1 has been associated with higher risk of metabolic, inflammation and cardiovascular disorders. This study evaluates the serum levels of iron, magnesium, calcium, folate, vitamin B12 and calcium to magnesium ratio in children with uncomplicated malaria infection. Materials and Methods: Measured nutritional parameters were determined in 300 children (100 males and 100 females) with malaria infection and 100 children (50 males and 50 females) without malaria infection using Enzyme linked Immunosorbent Assay and spectrophotometric methods. Results: Significantly lower (p<0.001) levels of serum magnesium, iron, vitamin B12, folate and Packed cell volume (p<0.03) were observed among children with malaria than controls. On the other hand, serum calcium (8.45±0.20) and calcium-to-magnesium ratio (3.9:1.0) (were significantly higher (p<0.001) in malaria infected children than controls. Calcium to magnesium ratio correlated (r=0.188; p<0.01) with malaria parasitaemia. Conclusion: Higher serum calcium-to-magnesium ratio above the recommended 2.1 may contribute to increase risk of morbidity and mortality. Nutritional intervention aimed at lowering the ca/mg ratio may be essential in the management of malaria infection in Children. Keywords: Child; calcium; magnesium; parasites.
背景/目的:钙镁比高于 2:1 会增加患代谢、炎症和心血管疾病的风险。本研究评估了无并发症疟疾感染儿童血清中铁、镁、钙、叶酸、维生素 B12 的水平以及钙镁比值。材料和方法:使用酶联免疫吸附试验和分光光度法测定 300 名感染疟疾的儿童(100 名男性和 100 名女性)和 100 名未感染疟疾的儿童(50 名男性和 50 名女性)的营养参数。结果显示与对照组相比,疟疾患儿的血清镁、铁、维生素 B12、叶酸和包细胞容积水平明显较低(p<0.001)。另一方面,疟疾感染儿童的血清钙(8.45±0.20)和钙镁比(3.9:1.0)明显高于对照组(P<0.001)。钙镁比值与疟疾寄生虫血症相关(r=0.188;p<0.01)。结论血清钙镁比高于建议的 2.1,可能会增加发病和死亡风险。旨在降低钙镁比值的营养干预可能是治疗儿童疟疾感染的关键。关键词儿童;钙;镁;寄生虫。
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引用次数: 0
Virologic re-suppression and the associated factors among children aged 1-9 years on Antiretroviral Therapy in The Aids Support Organization Soroti Region, Uganda: a retrospective cohort analysis 乌干达索罗蒂地区艾滋病支持组织中接受抗逆转录病毒疗法的 1-9 岁儿童的病毒再抑制及相关因素:回顾性队列分析
Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v24i2.2
Winfred Ruth Acham, Aisha Nalugya, Ricky Nyatia, Nelson Bunani
Background: Children living with HIV experience low viral load re-suppression after a high viral load compared to the rest of the population. We determined the proportion with re-suppressed viral load and associated factors among children 1-9 years on Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) in The Aids Support Organization (TASO) Soroti Region. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of 401 records of children that initially had high viral load > 1000copies/ml for the period January 2016 to December 2018. Modified Poisson regression was performed to determine factors associated with virologic re-suppression. Results: The prevalence of virologic re-suppression was 97/401 (24.2%). More than half, 213 (53.1%) of the children were females and 197/401 (49%) were aged between 8 and 9 years. Factors associated with virologic re-suppression were; being on protease inhibitor (PI) based regimen [APR 2.87, 95% CI 1.76-4.79], good adherence [APR1.71, 95% CI 1.22-2.51] and caregiver HIV seropositive status [APR 2.56, 95% CI 1.69-3.91]. Conclusion: Virologic re-suppression was low compared to the UNAIDS target. Taking PI-based regimen, good adherence and HIV seropositive status of the caregiver were predictors of virologic re-suppression. Close viral load monitoring of children on ART and intensified targeted adherence support to caregivers is vital to improving virologic re-suppression. Keywords: Virologic re-suppression; Human Immunodeficiency Virus; children.
背景:与其他人群相比,感染艾滋病毒的儿童在高病毒载量后的病毒载量再抑制率较低。我们确定了索罗提地区艾滋病支持组织(TASO)中接受抗逆转录病毒疗法(ART)的 1-9 岁儿童中病毒载量再抑制的比例及相关因素。方法我们对2016年1月至2018年12月期间最初病毒载量大于1000copies/ml的401名儿童记录进行了回顾性队列分析。进行了修正泊松回归,以确定与病毒学再抑制相关的因素。结果:病毒学再抑制的发生率为 97/401(24.2%)。213名(53.1%)儿童中一半以上为女性,197/401(49%)名儿童的年龄在8至9岁之间。与病毒学再抑制相关的因素有:使用蛋白酶抑制剂(PI)治疗方案[APR 2.87,95% CI 1.76-4.79]、良好的依从性[APR1.71,95% CI 1.22-2.51]和照顾者的艾滋病毒血清反应呈阳性[APR 2.56,95% CI 1.69-3.91]。结论与联合国艾滋病规划署的目标相比,病毒再抑制率较低。采取以 PI 为基础的治疗方案、良好的依从性和照顾者的 HIV 血清阳性状况是病毒学再抑制的预测因素。对接受抗逆转录病毒疗法的儿童进行密切的病毒载量监测,并对护理人员加强有针对性的依从性支持,对于改善病毒再抑制至关重要。关键词病毒再抑制;人类免疫缺陷病毒;儿童。
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African health sciences
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