David Bamidele Olawade, Akinsola J Asaolu, Yusuff Adebayo Adebisi, Fiyinfoluwa T. Asaolu, Aderonke Odetayo, Aanuoluwapo Clement David-Olawade
Background: Adolescence is a critical period of development during which young people experience significant physical, cognitive, and social changes. Adolescent sexual behaviors can have significant consequences for their physical and mental health, as well as for their social and economic well-being. In Nigeria, the majority of adolescents have their sexual debut before the age of 18, and many do not have access to comprehensive sexuality education or sexual and reproductive health services. Objective: We conducted a narrative review to discuss how early adolescence, in conjunction with a variety of social and environmental variables, influences adolescents' risky sexual behaviours in Nigeria. Methods: A narrative review was conducted to explore the realities of adolescent sexual behaviors in Nigeria. Searches were conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline, and PubMed Central using predetermined search terms. The articles were reviewed and analyzed and then the findings were discussed narratively. Results: Various factors, including sexual maturation, peer association, and environment play key roles in an adolescents’ drive toward a first sexual experience. Many adolescents participate in risky sexual activities that may impact their health and well-being. These risky sexual behaviours, such as early sexual debut, lack of or improper use of condoms, multiple sexual partners, put them at high risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections (STIs), as well as unintended adolescent pregnancy. Conclusion: Teenagers are momentarily endangered with various risky sexual behaviors as those who lack parental sex education are at greater risk. Hence, parent-child communication should be encouraged to curtail risky sexual habits among teenagers. Keywords: Sexual health; sexual behaviour; adolescent; young people; Nigeria.
背景：青春期是青少年成长的关键时期，在此期间，青少年的身体、认知和社会都会发生重大变化。青少年的性行为会对他们的身心健康以及社会和经济福祉产生重大影响。在尼日利亚，大多数青少年在 18 岁之前初次性行为，许多青少年无法获得全面的性教育或性健康和生殖健康服务。目的：我们进行了一项叙述性综述，讨论青春期早期与各种社会和环境变量如何影响尼日利亚青少年的危险性行为。方法我们进行了一项叙事性综述，以探讨尼日利亚青少年性行为的现实情况。使用预先确定的搜索条件在 PubMed、Google Scholar、Medline 和 PubMed Central 上进行了搜索。对文章进行了审查和分析，然后对结果进行了叙述性讨论。结果包括性成熟、同伴关系和环境在内的各种因素在青少年追求初次性经历的过程中起着关键作用。许多青少年参与的危险性行为可能会影响他们的健康和幸福。这些危险的性行为，如过早开始性生活、不使用或不正确使用安全套、多个性伴侣等，使他们处于感染性传播疾病（STIs）和少女意外怀孕的高风险之中。结论青少年一时受到各种危险性行为的威胁，因为缺乏父母性教育的青少年面临的风险更大。因此，应鼓励亲子沟通，以减少青少年的危险性习惯。关键词：性健康；性行为；青少年性健康；性行为；青少年；年轻人；尼日利亚。
{"title":"The realities of adolescent sexual behaviours in Nigeria: a narrative review","authors":"David Bamidele Olawade, Akinsola J Asaolu, Yusuff Adebayo Adebisi, Fiyinfoluwa T. Asaolu, Aderonke Odetayo, Aanuoluwapo Clement David-Olawade","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v24i2.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v24i2.30","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Adolescence is a critical period of development during which young people experience significant physical, cognitive, and social changes. Adolescent sexual behaviors can have significant consequences for their physical and mental health, as well as for their social and economic well-being. In Nigeria, the majority of adolescents have their sexual debut before the age of 18, and many do not have access to comprehensive sexuality education or sexual and reproductive health services. \u0000Objective: We conducted a narrative review to discuss how early adolescence, in conjunction with a variety of social and environmental variables, influences adolescents' risky sexual behaviours in Nigeria. \u0000Methods: A narrative review was conducted to explore the realities of adolescent sexual behaviors in Nigeria. Searches were conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline, and PubMed Central using predetermined search terms. The articles were reviewed and analyzed and then the findings were discussed narratively. \u0000Results: Various factors, including sexual maturation, peer association, and environment play key roles in an adolescents’ drive toward a first sexual experience. Many adolescents participate in risky sexual activities that may impact their health and well-being. These risky sexual behaviours, such as early sexual debut, lack of or improper use of condoms, multiple sexual partners, put them at high risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections (STIs), as well as unintended adolescent pregnancy. \u0000Conclusion: Teenagers are momentarily endangered with various risky sexual behaviors as those who lack parental sex education are at greater risk. Hence, parent-child communication should be encouraged to curtail risky sexual habits among teenagers. \u0000Keywords: Sexual health; sexual behaviour; adolescent; young people; Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":94295,"journal":{"name":"African health sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141829712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The Japanese Red Cross Society (JRCS) and the Uganda Red Cross Society (URCS) collaboratively implemented the safe motherhood project for women of reproductive age and community people to improve reproductive health in Northern Uganda from 2010 to 2016. Follow-up visit has not been conducted and the information on detailed changes of the beneficiaries were limited. Objectives: To explore the beneficiaries’ changes after the Red Cross safe motherhood project in Northern Uganda. Methods: Study design was qualitative content analysis using interview guides. Findings: After the approval of Institutional Review Board Clearance, the study was started. All participants of the study were informed the study objectives, methods, and ethical considerations and consented to participate. The study participants were six people, three beneficiary couples. Changes in knowledge of safe motherhood and general healthcare, attitude helped and prepared financially, attitude to look women as valuable people, practice of visiting health center to get something, practice of avoiding infectious diseases, practice of increment of ANC visit and facility-based delivery, practice of male involvement for safe motherhood were derived from the interview. Conclusion: Follow-up visit revealed positive changes of beneficiaries after the project, however continuous support is needed for sustainability of the safe motherhood project. Keywords: Beneficiaries; Red Cross safe motherhood; Northern Uganda.
{"title":"Changes of beneficiaries after Red Cross safe motherhood project in Northern Uganda","authors":"Ai Ogata, Mie Naiki, Yukiya Saito, Alex Onzima","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v24i2.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v24i2.24","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The Japanese Red Cross Society (JRCS) and the Uganda Red Cross Society (URCS) collaboratively implemented the safe motherhood project for women of reproductive age and community people to improve reproductive health in Northern Uganda from 2010 to 2016. Follow-up visit has not been conducted and the information on detailed changes of the beneficiaries were limited. \u0000Objectives: To explore the beneficiaries’ changes after the Red Cross safe motherhood project in Northern Uganda. \u0000Methods: Study design was qualitative content analysis using interview guides. \u0000Findings: After the approval of Institutional Review Board Clearance, the study was started. All participants of the study were informed the study objectives, methods, and ethical considerations and consented to participate. The study participants were six people, three beneficiary couples. Changes in knowledge of safe motherhood and general healthcare, attitude helped and prepared financially, attitude to look women as valuable people, practice of visiting health center to get something, practice of avoiding infectious diseases, practice of increment of ANC visit and facility-based delivery, practice of male involvement for safe motherhood were derived from the interview. \u0000Conclusion: Follow-up visit revealed positive changes of beneficiaries after the project, however continuous support is needed for sustainability of the safe motherhood project. \u0000Keywords: Beneficiaries; Red Cross safe motherhood; Northern Uganda.","PeriodicalId":94295,"journal":{"name":"African health sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141834905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hatim Hamad, Dina Omer, Rana Abdelnabi, Abrar Abdelgaleel
Background: Traditional bone setter (TBS) is a traditional practitioner of joint manipulation who lack proper training and formal education, therefore many complications and fracture morbidity has been reported in relation to TBS malpractice. Material and methodos: The goal of this study was to determine the motives and subsequent complications of seeking TBS rather than orthopedic doctors even though patients should seek urgent proper medical care. Data of this study has been drawn from observational descriptive cross-sectional combined hospitals and community based, multicenter study in Sudan. Results: (55.3%) of participants were at TBS centers and (44.7%) were at hospitals for a variety of reasons; (66.7%) of total participants have utilized TBS services as either 1st or 2nd intervention before or following hospital management and complications were reported in (22.3%) of total participants utilizing TBS services. Conclusion: The number of patients seeking TBS centers exceeded the number of patients seeking hospitals for musculoskeletal injuries management. Finally there was no association between the educational level, socioeconomic status and the first action taken By patient toward their injuries. Keywords: Traditional bone setter; complications; Orthopedics.
{"title":"Motives and consequences of musculoskeletal injuries management at traditional bone setting centers rather than hospital orthopedic departments in Khartoum, Sudan 2020","authors":"Hatim Hamad, Dina Omer, Rana Abdelnabi, Abrar Abdelgaleel","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v24i2.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v24i2.39","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Traditional bone setter (TBS) is a traditional practitioner of joint manipulation who lack proper training and formal education, therefore many complications and fracture morbidity has been reported in relation to TBS malpractice. \u0000Material and methodos: The goal of this study was to determine the motives and subsequent complications of seeking TBS rather than orthopedic doctors even though patients should seek urgent proper medical care. Data of this study has been drawn from observational descriptive cross-sectional combined hospitals and community based, multicenter study in Sudan. \u0000Results: (55.3%) of participants were at TBS centers and (44.7%) were at hospitals for a variety of reasons; (66.7%) of total participants have utilized TBS services as either 1st or 2nd intervention before or following hospital management and complications were reported in (22.3%) of total participants utilizing TBS services. \u0000Conclusion: The number of patients seeking TBS centers exceeded the number of patients seeking hospitals for musculoskeletal injuries management. Finally there was no association between the educational level, socioeconomic status and the first action taken By patient toward their injuries. \u0000Keywords: Traditional bone setter; complications; Orthopedics.","PeriodicalId":94295,"journal":{"name":"African health sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141834623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Placenta Praevia (PP), a placenta that is implanted in the lower uterine segment has the potential to cause severe obstetric complications including foetal death. Objective: To determine the factors associated with poor foetal outcomes in patients with placenta praevia. Method: A retrospective review of the foetal outcome of all cases of PP managed at the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital over 10 years (2011 to 2021).Chi-square test or Fixer exact test as appropriate were used to determine the factors associated with the development of poor foetal outcome. P-value < 0.05 was consider statistically significant. Results: There were 26,407 deliveries during the study period out of which 166 were placenta previa; a prevalence of 0.6%. Most of the patients, 84.8% (95/112) were unbooked. The majority 50.9% (57/112) had blood loss ≥ 1000 ml and 30.4% (34/112) foetuses were of low birth weight. Low birthweight, hypotension, anaemia, unbooked status, vaginal delivery, and EBL ≥ 1000 mls were found to be significantly associated with foetal death. Conclusions: Poor foetal outcome was associated with Unbooked status, anaemia, vaginal delivery, EBL of ≥ 1000 mls, hypotension and duration of hospital stay ≥ 7 days in patients with placenta previa in our environment. Keywords: Foetal outcome; placenta praevia; poor outcome; UMTH.
{"title":"A 10 year retrospective review of factors associated with poor foetal outcome in patients with placenta praevia at the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Nigeria","authors":"Ado D. Geidam, Hassan H Abubakar","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v24i2.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v24i2.25","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Placenta Praevia (PP), a placenta that is implanted in the lower uterine segment has the potential to cause severe obstetric complications including foetal death. \u0000Objective: To determine the factors associated with poor foetal outcomes in patients with placenta praevia. \u0000Method: A retrospective review of the foetal outcome of all cases of PP managed at the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital over 10 years (2011 to 2021).Chi-square test or Fixer exact test as appropriate were used to determine the factors associated with the development of poor foetal outcome. P-value < 0.05 was consider statistically significant. \u0000Results: There were 26,407 deliveries during the study period out of which 166 were placenta previa; a prevalence of 0.6%. Most of the patients, 84.8% (95/112) were unbooked. The majority 50.9% (57/112) had blood loss ≥ 1000 ml and 30.4% (34/112) foetuses were of low birth weight. Low birthweight, hypotension, anaemia, unbooked status, vaginal delivery, and EBL ≥ 1000 mls were found to be significantly associated with foetal death. \u0000Conclusions: Poor foetal outcome was associated with Unbooked status, anaemia, vaginal delivery, EBL of ≥ 1000 mls, hypotension and duration of hospital stay ≥ 7 days in patients with placenta previa in our environment. \u0000Keywords: Foetal outcome; placenta praevia; poor outcome; UMTH.","PeriodicalId":94295,"journal":{"name":"African health sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141834773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Priscilla Alupo, Julius Nteziyaremye, Rose Chalo Nabirye, Lydia VN Ssenyonga, Pamella R Adongo, Joshua Epuitai, I. Mbwali
Background: Uganda is predominantly a young adolescent population and has a very high (74%) rapid repeat adolescent pregnancy (RRAP) rate. The utilisation of immediate and early postpartum intrauterine contraceptive devices (PPIUCD) is the most effective strategy to immensely abate the medical and social consequences associated with adolescent pregnancies. Objectives: To determine the prevalence and factors influencing the utilisation of immediate and early PPIUCD among adolescents in Mbale City, Eastern Uganda. Methods: We used a cross sectional study design with quantitative and qualitative methods. Interviewer administered pretested semi-structured questionnaire was used to interview a sample of 422 participants. Eight key informant interviews were conducted to explore the perceived enablers and barriers to use of immediate and early PPIUCD. Qualitative data was analyzed using deductive thematic analysis. Results: The prevalence of immediate and early PPIUCD utilisation was 2.4% (10/422). Inadequate adolescent knowledge, inadequate mentorship training of health care providers, equipment and infrastructure and myths and misconceptions were perceived to limit uptake of immediate and early PPIUCD. Conclusion: The prevalence of immediate and early PPIUCD utilisation was very low. In-service training of health care workers and effective counseling of adolescents may correct the perceived myths and misconceptions thus increasing uptake of immediate and early PPIUCD. Keywords: Immediate and early postpartum intrauterine contraceptive devices; rapid repeat adolescent pregnancies; postpartum adolescents; key informants; Mbale City.
{"title":"Utilisation of immediate and early postpartum intrauterine contraceptive devices among adolescents in Mbale City, Eastern Uganda","authors":"Priscilla Alupo, Julius Nteziyaremye, Rose Chalo Nabirye, Lydia VN Ssenyonga, Pamella R Adongo, Joshua Epuitai, I. Mbwali","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v24i2.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v24i2.28","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Uganda is predominantly a young adolescent population and has a very high (74%) rapid repeat adolescent pregnancy (RRAP) rate. The utilisation of immediate and early postpartum intrauterine contraceptive devices (PPIUCD) is the most effective strategy to immensely abate the medical and social consequences associated with adolescent pregnancies. \u0000Objectives: To determine the prevalence and factors influencing the utilisation of immediate and early PPIUCD among adolescents in Mbale City, Eastern Uganda. \u0000Methods: We used a cross sectional study design with quantitative and qualitative methods. Interviewer administered pretested semi-structured questionnaire was used to interview a sample of 422 participants. Eight key informant interviews were conducted to explore the perceived enablers and barriers to use of immediate and early PPIUCD. Qualitative data was analyzed using deductive thematic analysis. \u0000Results: The prevalence of immediate and early PPIUCD utilisation was 2.4% (10/422). Inadequate adolescent knowledge, inadequate mentorship training of health care providers, equipment and infrastructure and myths and misconceptions were perceived to limit uptake of immediate and early PPIUCD. \u0000Conclusion: The prevalence of immediate and early PPIUCD utilisation was very low. In-service training of health care workers and effective counseling of adolescents may correct the perceived myths and misconceptions thus increasing uptake of immediate and early PPIUCD. \u0000Keywords: Immediate and early postpartum intrauterine contraceptive devices; rapid repeat adolescent pregnancies; postpartum adolescents; key informants; Mbale City.","PeriodicalId":94295,"journal":{"name":"African health sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141834798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Olabimpe, Adeyemi Tope, O. Olayinka, Fadeju Dada, Lillian Enone, Lawal Omotoyosi, Nnawuihe Ukachi, Salami Afolake, Sotunde Olawale
Introduction: The epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), originating in Wuhan, China, has become a major public health challenge for many countries around the world, including Nigeria. The World Health Organization announced that the outbreaks of the novel coronavirus have constituted a public health emergency of international concern. To control the spread of the disease, many countries, including Nigeria imposed measures such as border screening, social distancing and restriction of all movements. To prevent further spread of the disease, in many places, dentists were restricted to only handling urgencies and emergencies. Aim: To evaluate the impact of lockdown resulting from COVID-19 pandemic on patients’ willingness to attend their dental appointments, clarify their concerns about their ongoing dental treatment, and to assess the anxiety level of patients regarding the risk of contracting the infection at dental offices in Nigeria. Method: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out among patients aged 13 years and above, visiting dental clinics in six teaching hospitals across three geopolitical zones of Nigeria: South-West, South-South and North-West. Result: Few (26.6%) of the participants were compliant with the lockdown restriction. Regarding the general anxiety level of the patients, majority (48.3%) reported calmness. There was a highly statistically significant association between patients’ feeling about the pandemic and their willingness to attend a dental appointment visit. Conclusion: Majority of the participants demonstrated calmness towards the pandemic and did not exhibit fear or anxiety going to dental clinics during the COVID-19 outbreak. Keywords: COVID-19; dental appointments; anxiety level.
{"title":"The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the appointments and anxiety level of Nigerian patients visiting the dental clinics","authors":"S. Olabimpe, Adeyemi Tope, O. Olayinka, Fadeju Dada, Lillian Enone, Lawal Omotoyosi, Nnawuihe Ukachi, Salami Afolake, Sotunde Olawale","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v24i2.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v24i2.13","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), originating in Wuhan, China, has become a major public health challenge for many countries around the world, including Nigeria. The World Health Organization announced that the outbreaks of the novel coronavirus have constituted a public health emergency of international concern. To control the spread of the disease, many countries, including Nigeria imposed measures such as border screening, social distancing and restriction of all movements. To prevent further spread of the disease, in many places, dentists were restricted to only handling urgencies and emergencies. \u0000Aim: To evaluate the impact of lockdown resulting from COVID-19 pandemic on patients’ willingness to attend their dental appointments, clarify their concerns about their ongoing dental treatment, and to assess the anxiety level of patients regarding the risk of contracting the infection at dental offices in Nigeria. \u0000Method: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out among patients aged 13 years and above, visiting dental clinics in six teaching hospitals across three geopolitical zones of Nigeria: South-West, South-South and North-West. \u0000Result: Few (26.6%) of the participants were compliant with the lockdown restriction. Regarding the general anxiety level of the patients, majority (48.3%) reported calmness. There was a highly statistically significant association between patients’ feeling about the pandemic and their willingness to attend a dental appointment visit. \u0000Conclusion: Majority of the participants demonstrated calmness towards the pandemic and did not exhibit fear or anxiety going to dental clinics during the COVID-19 outbreak. \u0000Keywords: COVID-19; dental appointments; anxiety level.","PeriodicalId":94295,"journal":{"name":"African health sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141834816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Collins Ugwu, N. Ugwu, Ogbonnaya Ogbu, O. Chukwu, N. Chika-Igwenyi, Olaronke Afolabi, Daniel Igwe, Esther Ekwe, Ngozi Ezekwesili, C. Uneke, G. Isiguzo
Background: Malaria presents a colossal burden to Africa, including Nigeria. The objective of this study was to review relevant publications to identify specific malaria control strategies in Nigeria and to determine their level of uptake. Methods: A Medline Entrez Pubmed search was conducted to identify studies from July 2013 to June 2018 investigating malaria control strategies. The search yielded 123 publications and twelve publications that met the inclusion criteria were systematically reviewed and results presented. Results: Five publications investigated the level of uptake of IPTp-SP and all reported low uptake of IPTp-SP. Five other publications investigated the uptake of LLINs, of which two reported good uptake. Two studies were on the uptake of mRDT or microscopy before Artemesinin-based combination therapy (ACT) and reported good uptake. Factors associated with poor uptake of malaria preventive strategies included a poorly-financed and poorly structured healthcare system, poor antenatal clinic visits, unavailability of the antimalaria drugs and nets, ignorance, poverty, cultural/religious belief and cost of mRDT and microscopy. Conclusion: Though malaria control strategies are available in Nigeria, there was insufficient uptake of these preventive strategies. Awareness creation and education on the importance of preventive strategies and their efficient utilization will help reduce Nigeria’s malaria burden. Keywords: Anaemia; malaria control strategies; Nigeria; Uptake.
{"title":"Malaria Control Programme in Nigeria: uptake of prevention strategies - a systematic review","authors":"Collins Ugwu, N. Ugwu, Ogbonnaya Ogbu, O. Chukwu, N. Chika-Igwenyi, Olaronke Afolabi, Daniel Igwe, Esther Ekwe, Ngozi Ezekwesili, C. Uneke, G. Isiguzo","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v24i2.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v24i2.21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Malaria presents a colossal burden to Africa, including Nigeria. The objective of this study was to review relevant publications to identify specific malaria control strategies in Nigeria and to determine their level of uptake. \u0000Methods: A Medline Entrez Pubmed search was conducted to identify studies from July 2013 to June 2018 investigating malaria control strategies. The search yielded 123 publications and twelve publications that met the inclusion criteria were systematically reviewed and results presented. \u0000Results: Five publications investigated the level of uptake of IPTp-SP and all reported low uptake of IPTp-SP. Five other publications investigated the uptake of LLINs, of which two reported good uptake. Two studies were on the uptake of mRDT or microscopy before Artemesinin-based combination therapy (ACT) and reported good uptake. Factors associated with poor uptake of malaria preventive strategies included a poorly-financed and poorly structured healthcare system, poor antenatal clinic visits, unavailability of the antimalaria drugs and nets, ignorance, poverty, cultural/religious belief and cost of mRDT and microscopy. \u0000Conclusion: Though malaria control strategies are available in Nigeria, there was insufficient uptake of these preventive strategies. Awareness creation and education on the importance of preventive strategies and their efficient utilization will help reduce Nigeria’s malaria burden. \u0000Keywords: Anaemia; malaria control strategies; Nigeria; Uptake.","PeriodicalId":94295,"journal":{"name":"African health sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141834835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Awor, R. Byanyima, B. Abola, A. Nakimuli, Christopher Orach, P. Kiondo, Jasper Ogwal Okeng, Dan Kaye
Background: Preterm birth causes over 2% of perinatal mortality in Africa. Screening in prenatal clinics, may be used to identify women at risk. This study developed and validated second-trimester prediction models of preterm birth, using maternal socio-demographic characteristics, sonographic findings, and laboratory parameters in Northern Uganda. Methods: This prospective cohort study recruited 1,000 pregnant mothers at 16 - 24 weeks, and assessed their socio-demographic and clinical characteristics. Preterm birth (delivery after 28 and before 37 weeks) was the primary study outcome. Multi-variable analyses were performed, built models in RStudio, and cross-vaidated them using K (10)-fold cross-validation. Results: The Incidence of preterm birth was 11.9% (90 out of 774). The predictors of preterm birth were multiple pregnancies, personal history of preeclampsia, history of previous preterm birth, diastolic hypertension, serum ALP<98IU, white blood cell count >11000 cells/μl, platelet lymphocyte ratio >71.38, serum urea of 11-45 IU. These predicted preterm birth by 69.5% AUC, with 62.4% accuracy, 77.2% sensitivity, and 47.1% specificity. Conclusion: Despite low specificity, these models predict up to 77.2% of those destined to have a preterm birth, and may be used for second-trimester preterm birth screening in low-resource clinics. Keywords: Prediction; second-trimester; preterm-birth; Uganda; Africa.
{"title":"Prediction of preterm birth at St. Mary’s Hospital Lacor, Northern Uganda: a prospective cohort study","authors":"S. Awor, R. Byanyima, B. Abola, A. Nakimuli, Christopher Orach, P. Kiondo, Jasper Ogwal Okeng, Dan Kaye","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v24i2.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v24i2.31","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Preterm birth causes over 2% of perinatal mortality in Africa. Screening in prenatal clinics, may be used to identify women at risk. This study developed and validated second-trimester prediction models of preterm birth, using maternal socio-demographic characteristics, sonographic findings, and laboratory parameters in Northern Uganda. \u0000Methods: This prospective cohort study recruited 1,000 pregnant mothers at 16 - 24 weeks, and assessed their socio-demographic and clinical characteristics. Preterm birth (delivery after 28 and before 37 weeks) was the primary study outcome. Multi-variable analyses were performed, built models in RStudio, and cross-vaidated them using K (10)-fold cross-validation. \u0000Results: The Incidence of preterm birth was 11.9% (90 out of 774). The predictors of preterm birth were multiple pregnancies, personal history of preeclampsia, history of previous preterm birth, diastolic hypertension, serum ALP<98IU, white blood cell count >11000 cells/μl, platelet lymphocyte ratio >71.38, serum urea of 11-45 IU. These predicted preterm birth by 69.5% AUC, with 62.4% accuracy, 77.2% sensitivity, and 47.1% specificity. \u0000Conclusion: Despite low specificity, these models predict up to 77.2% of those destined to have a preterm birth, and may be used for second-trimester preterm birth screening in low-resource clinics. \u0000Keywords: Prediction; second-trimester; preterm-birth; Uganda; Africa.","PeriodicalId":94295,"journal":{"name":"African health sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141834977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background/Objective: A high calcium-to-magnesium ratio above 2:1 has been associated with higher risk of metabolic, inflammation and cardiovascular disorders. This study evaluates the serum levels of iron, magnesium, calcium, folate, vitamin B12 and calcium to magnesium ratio in children with uncomplicated malaria infection. Materials and Methods: Measured nutritional parameters were determined in 300 children (100 males and 100 females) with malaria infection and 100 children (50 males and 50 females) without malaria infection using Enzyme linked Immunosorbent Assay and spectrophotometric methods. Results: Significantly lower (p<0.001) levels of serum magnesium, iron, vitamin B12, folate and Packed cell volume (p<0.03) were observed among children with malaria than controls. On the other hand, serum calcium (8.45±0.20) and calcium-to-magnesium ratio (3.9:1.0) (were significantly higher (p<0.001) in malaria infected children than controls. Calcium to magnesium ratio correlated (r=0.188; p<0.01) with malaria parasitaemia. Conclusion: Higher serum calcium-to-magnesium ratio above the recommended 2.1 may contribute to increase risk of morbidity and mortality. Nutritional intervention aimed at lowering the ca/mg ratio may be essential in the management of malaria infection in Children. Keywords: Child; calcium; magnesium; parasites.
{"title":"Relationship between calcium-to-magnesium ratio and malaria parasite density among children with uncomplicated malaria infection","authors":"Oziegbe Johnson Airen, Loveth Amenaghawon Emokpae, Zainab Omoruyi, Mathias Abiodun Emokpae","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v24i2.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v24i2.18","url":null,"abstract":"Background/Objective: A high calcium-to-magnesium ratio above 2:1 has been associated with higher risk of metabolic, inflammation and cardiovascular disorders. This study evaluates the serum levels of iron, magnesium, calcium, folate, vitamin B12 and calcium to magnesium ratio in children with uncomplicated malaria infection. \u0000Materials and Methods: Measured nutritional parameters were determined in 300 children (100 males and 100 females) with malaria infection and 100 children (50 males and 50 females) without malaria infection using Enzyme linked Immunosorbent Assay and spectrophotometric methods. \u0000Results: Significantly lower (p<0.001) levels of serum magnesium, iron, vitamin B12, folate and Packed cell volume (p<0.03) were observed among children with malaria than controls. On the other hand, serum calcium (8.45±0.20) and calcium-to-magnesium ratio (3.9:1.0) (were significantly higher (p<0.001) in malaria infected children than controls. Calcium to magnesium ratio correlated (r=0.188; p<0.01) with malaria parasitaemia. \u0000Conclusion: Higher serum calcium-to-magnesium ratio above the recommended 2.1 may contribute to increase risk of morbidity and mortality. Nutritional intervention aimed at lowering the ca/mg ratio may be essential in the management of malaria infection in Children. \u0000Keywords: Child; calcium; magnesium; parasites.","PeriodicalId":94295,"journal":{"name":"African health sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141835191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Winfred Ruth Acham, Aisha Nalugya, Ricky Nyatia, Nelson Bunani
Background: Children living with HIV experience low viral load re-suppression after a high viral load compared to the rest of the population. We determined the proportion with re-suppressed viral load and associated factors among children 1-9 years on Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) in The Aids Support Organization (TASO) Soroti Region. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of 401 records of children that initially had high viral load > 1000copies/ml for the period January 2016 to December 2018. Modified Poisson regression was performed to determine factors associated with virologic re-suppression. Results: The prevalence of virologic re-suppression was 97/401 (24.2%). More than half, 213 (53.1%) of the children were females and 197/401 (49%) were aged between 8 and 9 years. Factors associated with virologic re-suppression were; being on protease inhibitor (PI) based regimen [APR 2.87, 95% CI 1.76-4.79], good adherence [APR1.71, 95% CI 1.22-2.51] and caregiver HIV seropositive status [APR 2.56, 95% CI 1.69-3.91]. Conclusion: Virologic re-suppression was low compared to the UNAIDS target. Taking PI-based regimen, good adherence and HIV seropositive status of the caregiver were predictors of virologic re-suppression. Close viral load monitoring of children on ART and intensified targeted adherence support to caregivers is vital to improving virologic re-suppression. Keywords: Virologic re-suppression; Human Immunodeficiency Virus; children.
背景：与其他人群相比，感染艾滋病毒的儿童在高病毒载量后的病毒载量再抑制率较低。我们确定了索罗提地区艾滋病支持组织（TASO）中接受抗逆转录病毒疗法（ART）的 1-9 岁儿童中病毒载量再抑制的比例及相关因素。方法我们对2016年1月至2018年12月期间最初病毒载量大于1000copies/ml的401名儿童记录进行了回顾性队列分析。进行了修正泊松回归，以确定与病毒学再抑制相关的因素。结果：病毒学再抑制的发生率为 97/401（24.2%）。213名（53.1%）儿童中一半以上为女性，197/401（49%）名儿童的年龄在8至9岁之间。与病毒学再抑制相关的因素有：使用蛋白酶抑制剂（PI）治疗方案[APR 2.87，95% CI 1.76-4.79]、良好的依从性[APR1.71，95% CI 1.22-2.51]和照顾者的艾滋病毒血清反应呈阳性[APR 2.56，95% CI 1.69-3.91]。结论与联合国艾滋病规划署的目标相比，病毒再抑制率较低。采取以 PI 为基础的治疗方案、良好的依从性和照顾者的 HIV 血清阳性状况是病毒学再抑制的预测因素。对接受抗逆转录病毒疗法的儿童进行密切的病毒载量监测，并对护理人员加强有针对性的依从性支持，对于改善病毒再抑制至关重要。关键词病毒再抑制；人类免疫缺陷病毒；儿童。
{"title":"Virologic re-suppression and the associated factors among children aged 1-9 years on Antiretroviral Therapy in The Aids Support Organization Soroti Region, Uganda: a retrospective cohort analysis","authors":"Winfred Ruth Acham, Aisha Nalugya, Ricky Nyatia, Nelson Bunani","doi":"10.4314/ahs.v24i2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v24i2.2","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Children living with HIV experience low viral load re-suppression after a high viral load compared to the rest of the population. We determined the proportion with re-suppressed viral load and associated factors among children 1-9 years on Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) in The Aids Support Organization (TASO) Soroti Region. \u0000Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of 401 records of children that initially had high viral load > 1000copies/ml for the period January 2016 to December 2018. Modified Poisson regression was performed to determine factors associated with virologic re-suppression. \u0000Results: The prevalence of virologic re-suppression was 97/401 (24.2%). More than half, 213 (53.1%) of the children were females and 197/401 (49%) were aged between 8 and 9 years. Factors associated with virologic re-suppression were; being on protease inhibitor (PI) based regimen [APR 2.87, 95% CI 1.76-4.79], good adherence [APR1.71, 95% CI 1.22-2.51] and caregiver HIV seropositive status [APR 2.56, 95% CI 1.69-3.91]. \u0000Conclusion: Virologic re-suppression was low compared to the UNAIDS target. Taking PI-based regimen, good adherence and HIV seropositive status of the caregiver were predictors of virologic re-suppression. Close viral load monitoring of children on ART and intensified targeted adherence support to caregivers is vital to improving virologic re-suppression. \u0000Keywords: Virologic re-suppression; Human Immunodeficiency Virus; children.","PeriodicalId":94295,"journal":{"name":"African health sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141834699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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