Although the phenomenon of crowding in emergency departments (EDs) is not new, it remains a significant problem for patients, ED staff and the wider healthcare system. Crowding in EDs, which is also called overcrowding, has been widely explored in the literature, but there are relatively few studies of the subject from an emergency nurse perspective. This article reports the findings of a literature review that aimed to explore the effects of crowding on nurses working in EDs. Four key themes were identified from a synthesis of 16 articles included in the review: staffing and skill mix; inadequate care and the effect on nurses' well-being and stress levels; violence in the ED; and hospital metrics and patient flow. Further research is required to explore in more depth the effects of ED crowding on emergency nurses and to address the multiple factors that perpetuate the phenomenon.
{"title":"Exploring the effects of emergency department crowding on emergency nurses.","authors":"Amy Webster, Julie McGarry","doi":"10.7748/en.2024.e2211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7748/en.2024.e2211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although the phenomenon of crowding in emergency departments (EDs) is not new, it remains a significant problem for patients, ED staff and the wider healthcare system. Crowding in EDs, which is also called overcrowding, has been widely explored in the literature, but there are relatively few studies of the subject from an emergency nurse perspective. This article reports the findings of a literature review that aimed to explore the effects of crowding on nurses working in EDs. Four key themes were identified from a synthesis of 16 articles included in the review: staffing and skill mix; inadequate care and the effect on nurses' well-being and stress levels; violence in the ED; and hospital metrics and patient flow. Further research is required to explore in more depth the effects of ED crowding on emergency nurses and to address the multiple factors that perpetuate the phenomenon.</p>","PeriodicalId":94315,"journal":{"name":"Emergency nurse : the journal of the RCN Accident and Emergency Nursing Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142335703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kirsty Limeira Thomson, Lindy Morrison, Mark Cooper, Bridget Johnston
Telemedicine is increasingly used in healthcare settings, including in unscheduled care. This article details the findings of a literature review that aimed to determine the benefits and limitations of using telemedicine in unscheduled care. The findings suggest that the use of telemedicine can be cost-effective for patients and healthcare providers and may reduce hospital transfer and admission rates. However, patients' digital literacy and communication needs, as well as technical issues, were identified as limitations. Further research is needed on the use of telemedicine in unscheduled care to determine how it affects patient care.
{"title":"Exploring the benefits and limitations of using telemedicine in unscheduled care.","authors":"Kirsty Limeira Thomson, Lindy Morrison, Mark Cooper, Bridget Johnston","doi":"10.7748/en.2024.e2210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7748/en.2024.e2210","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Telemedicine is increasingly used in healthcare settings, including in unscheduled care. This article details the findings of a literature review that aimed to determine the benefits and limitations of using telemedicine in unscheduled care. The findings suggest that the use of telemedicine can be cost-effective for patients and healthcare providers and may reduce hospital transfer and admission rates. However, patients' digital literacy and communication needs, as well as technical issues, were identified as limitations. Further research is needed on the use of telemedicine in unscheduled care to determine how it affects patient care.</p>","PeriodicalId":94315,"journal":{"name":"Emergency nurse : the journal of the RCN Accident and Emergency Nursing Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142305465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-03Epub Date: 2024-02-20DOI: 10.7748/en.2024.e2184
Chris Knight, Stella Ruth Smith
Nurses working with major trauma patients in ward environments in the UK are expected to evidence their knowledge and skills in a set of national competencies. This article describes a bespoke major trauma course and a coaching and portfolio development programme designed to enhance ward nurses' knowledge and skills, help them evidence their competence and support their professional development. Evaluation of the course showed an overall improvement in nurses' self-rated competence and confidence in a range of relevant major trauma topics and clinical skills. Evaluation of the coaching and portfolio development programme showed that nurses believed their knowledge and skills had improved after taking part and that they valued the opportunity for professional development.
{"title":"Developing and evaluating a major trauma course and coaching programme for ward nurses.","authors":"Chris Knight, Stella Ruth Smith","doi":"10.7748/en.2024.e2184","DOIUrl":"10.7748/en.2024.e2184","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nurses working with major trauma patients in ward environments in the UK are expected to evidence their knowledge and skills in a set of national competencies. This article describes a bespoke major trauma course and a coaching and portfolio development programme designed to enhance ward nurses' knowledge and skills, help them evidence their competence and support their professional development. Evaluation of the course showed an overall improvement in nurses' self-rated competence and confidence in a range of relevant major trauma topics and clinical skills. Evaluation of the coaching and portfolio development programme showed that nurses believed their knowledge and skills had improved after taking part and that they valued the opportunity for professional development.</p>","PeriodicalId":94315,"journal":{"name":"Emergency nurse : the journal of the RCN Accident and Emergency Nursing Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139907267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-03Epub Date: 2024-02-13DOI: 10.7748/en.2024.e2195
Mark Jones, Stephen Clarke, Simon Amphlett
Demand for ambulances has increased significantly in recent years due, for example, to ongoing public health issues and lack of availability of alternative healthcare services. However, as demand increases, so too do ambulance waiting times, partly due to significant pressures on emergency departments (EDs) resulting in handover delays. People experiencing mental health distress who cannot access the care they need often contact ambulance services or present to the ED. Ambulance trusts across the UK are attempting to address this by employing mental health professionals (MHPs) in various capacities. In this article, the authors explore some of the issues related to mental health-related calls to 999 services. The authors then describe a service improvement initiative in Wales which involves MHPs working in 999 call centre clinical support desk services to improve the quality of care delivered to people with mental health issues and reduce demand on ambulance and ED services.
{"title":"Reducing the burden on Welsh ambulance services and emergency departments: a mental health 999 clinical support desk initiative.","authors":"Mark Jones, Stephen Clarke, Simon Amphlett","doi":"10.7748/en.2024.e2195","DOIUrl":"10.7748/en.2024.e2195","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Demand for ambulances has increased significantly in recent years due, for example, to ongoing public health issues and lack of availability of alternative healthcare services. However, as demand increases, so too do ambulance waiting times, partly due to significant pressures on emergency departments (EDs) resulting in handover delays. People experiencing mental health distress who cannot access the care they need often contact ambulance services or present to the ED. Ambulance trusts across the UK are attempting to address this by employing mental health professionals (MHPs) in various capacities. In this article, the authors explore some of the issues related to mental health-related calls to 999 services. The authors then describe a service improvement initiative in Wales which involves MHPs working in 999 call centre clinical support desk services to improve the quality of care delivered to people with mental health issues and reduce demand on ambulance and ED services.</p>","PeriodicalId":94315,"journal":{"name":"Emergency nurse : the journal of the RCN Accident and Emergency Nursing Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139725611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-03Epub Date: 2024-01-11DOI: 10.7748/en.2024.e2188
Emily Spencer
Nurses and other emergency department (ED) staff often experience verbal and physical abuse as part of their everyday work. Body-worn cameras are one tool that ED staff can use to try to reduce workplace violence and abuse and have been shown to be effective in other healthcare environments, such as mental health units. This article describes a pilot service evaluation which used a survey to assess the effectiveness of using body-worn cameras for staff in the author's ED. Findings suggest that nurses believed the cameras provided support when they were confronted by abusive or aggressive patients or relatives and in some instances diffused potentially violent situations.
{"title":"Using body-worn cameras in emergency departments: a pilot project.","authors":"Emily Spencer","doi":"10.7748/en.2024.e2188","DOIUrl":"10.7748/en.2024.e2188","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nurses and other emergency department (ED) staff often experience verbal and physical abuse as part of their everyday work. Body-worn cameras are one tool that ED staff can use to try to reduce workplace violence and abuse and have been shown to be effective in other healthcare environments, such as mental health units. This article describes a pilot service evaluation which used a survey to assess the effectiveness of using body-worn cameras for staff in the author's ED. Findings suggest that nurses believed the cameras provided support when they were confronted by abusive or aggressive patients or relatives and in some instances diffused potentially violent situations.</p>","PeriodicalId":94315,"journal":{"name":"Emergency nurse : the journal of the RCN Accident and Emergency Nursing Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139418911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dog bites account for 250,000 attendances for urgent and emergency care each year. They pose risks including infections with potentially life-threatening complications. This article scrutinises the evidence underpinning the use of prophylactic antibiotics in dog bite wounds. A focused literature review involving four databases specialising in peer-reviewed healthcare literature was conducted to identify the highest quality evidence, which was then systematically appraised. The use of antibiotics in treating dog bite wounds to reduce the risk of infection is largely supported by the evidence. However, significant limitations exist in the research, with patient-specific criteria for administering prophylactic antibiotics and the associated risks and financial costs not addressed. Further research into antibiotic treatment for dog bites would help to support clinicians, nurse practitioners and the wider nursing and allied health professional team in urgent and emergency care by informing safe practice and in turn improving patient care, cost-effectiveness and antimicrobial stewardship.
{"title":"Role of prophylactic antibiotics in treating patients presenting to emergency care with dog bites.","authors":"Emma Finn","doi":"10.7748/en.2024.e2208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7748/en.2024.e2208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dog bites account for 250,000 attendances for urgent and emergency care each year. They pose risks including infections with potentially life-threatening complications. This article scrutinises the evidence underpinning the use of prophylactic antibiotics in dog bite wounds. A focused literature review involving four databases specialising in peer-reviewed healthcare literature was conducted to identify the highest quality evidence, which was then systematically appraised. The use of antibiotics in treating dog bite wounds to reduce the risk of infection is largely supported by the evidence. However, significant limitations exist in the research, with patient-specific criteria for administering prophylactic antibiotics and the associated risks and financial costs not addressed. Further research into antibiotic treatment for dog bites would help to support clinicians, nurse practitioners and the wider nursing and allied health professional team in urgent and emergency care by informing safe practice and in turn improving patient care, cost-effectiveness and antimicrobial stewardship.</p>","PeriodicalId":94315,"journal":{"name":"Emergency nurse : the journal of the RCN Accident and Emergency Nursing Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142116772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rationale and key points: A significant proportion of diagnoses are made based on history taking, often alongside physical assessments and laboratory investigations. Taking a thorough patient history is fundamental for the accurate diagnosis and effective management of health conditions. This article outlines a step-by-step process for taking a comprehensive patient history and discusses the evidence for this procedure. • History taking is a structured but flexible process of gathering relevant information from patients to inform diagnosis and treatment. • Important communication skills for nurses when history taking include active listening, empathetic communication and cultural sensitivity. • By actively engaging the patient in a conversation about their health issues, the nurse facilitates their participation and autonomy. REFLECTIVE ACTIVITY: 'How to' articles can help to update your practice and ensure it remains evidence based. Apply this article to your practice. Reflect on and write a short account of: • How this article might improve your practice when taking a patient history. • How you could use this information to educate nursing students or colleagues on taking a patient history.
{"title":"How to take a comprehensive patient history.","authors":"Sarah Butler","doi":"10.7748/en.2024.e2209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7748/en.2024.e2209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Rationale and key points: </strong>A significant proportion of diagnoses are made based on history taking, often alongside physical assessments and laboratory investigations. Taking a thorough patient history is fundamental for the accurate diagnosis and effective management of health conditions. This article outlines a step-by-step process for taking a comprehensive patient history and discusses the evidence for this procedure. • History taking is a structured but flexible process of gathering relevant information from patients to inform diagnosis and treatment. • Important communication skills for nurses when history taking include active listening, empathetic communication and cultural sensitivity. • By actively engaging the patient in a conversation about their health issues, the nurse facilitates their participation and autonomy. REFLECTIVE ACTIVITY: 'How to' articles can help to update your practice and ensure it remains evidence based. Apply this article to your practice. Reflect on and write a short account of: • How this article might improve your practice when taking a patient history. • How you could use this information to educate nursing students or colleagues on taking a patient history.</p>","PeriodicalId":94315,"journal":{"name":"Emergency nurse : the journal of the RCN Accident and Emergency Nursing Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141794476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Triage is the first stage of a patient's journey through the emergency department and is used to determine patient acuity. There is no single quantifiable metric for determining acuity, which amalgamates different factors that are more or less relevant depending on the patient's presentation. This article explains the aim and process of triage and how nurses can ensure the process is effective and safe. The author discusses strategies nurses can use to mitigate uncertainty and to make their acuity assessments rapid, targeted and comprehensive. The author also highlights triage safety considerations, including infection prevention and control and the physical and emotional safety of patients and staff.
{"title":"Ensuring effectiveness and safety in emergency department triage.","authors":"Hugh Gorick","doi":"10.7748/en.2024.e2205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7748/en.2024.e2205","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Triage is the first stage of a patient's journey through the emergency department and is used to determine patient acuity. There is no single quantifiable metric for determining acuity, which amalgamates different factors that are more or less relevant depending on the patient's presentation. This article explains the aim and process of triage and how nurses can ensure the process is effective and safe. The author discusses strategies nurses can use to mitigate uncertainty and to make their acuity assessments rapid, targeted and comprehensive. The author also highlights triage safety considerations, including infection prevention and control and the physical and emotional safety of patients and staff.</p>","PeriodicalId":94315,"journal":{"name":"Emergency nurse : the journal of the RCN Accident and Emergency Nursing Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141750156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article examines the role of water in the body, the balance of fluids in the body and the provision of intravenous (IV) fluids to patients who are dehydrated, providing a comprehensive overview of these topics for nurses. The author details various aspects of practice in IV fluid therapy, including the types of fluids used, their indications, administration and potential side effects. The article also discusses dehydration and how nurses can identify and treat this complication, which can occur as a result of many different conditions. Drawing on the relevant research, this article aims to advance nurses' knowledge of the care of patients who are dehydrated and require IV fluid therapy.
{"title":"Understanding body fluid balance, dehydration and intravenous fluid therapy.","authors":"Tiago Horta Reis da Silva","doi":"10.7748/en.2024.e2201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7748/en.2024.e2201","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article examines the role of water in the body, the balance of fluids in the body and the provision of intravenous (IV) fluids to patients who are dehydrated, providing a comprehensive overview of these topics for nurses. The author details various aspects of practice in IV fluid therapy, including the types of fluids used, their indications, administration and potential side effects. The article also discusses dehydration and how nurses can identify and treat this complication, which can occur as a result of many different conditions. Drawing on the relevant research, this article aims to advance nurses' knowledge of the care of patients who are dehydrated and require IV fluid therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":94315,"journal":{"name":"Emergency nurse : the journal of the RCN Accident and Emergency Nursing Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141560712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-02Epub Date: 2024-01-25DOI: 10.7748/en.2024.e2191
Oliver Allen, Muireann Keating
Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) has become one of the most popular recreational drugs in Europe. While N 2 O is often used in medical settings as an analgesic and anaesthetic agent, its recreational use was documented many years before its introduction into clinical practice. The desired effects from inhaling N 2 O for recreational purposes include rapid feelings of relaxation, calmness and euphoria, which can be accompanied by giddiness and laughter. There are various adverse effects associated with N 2 O use, including headache, nausea, vomiting, drowsiness and the development of permanent neurological damage. Furthermore, its use is associated with cold burns and road accidents. This article details the case of a patient who sustained an N 2 O tank burn to his forearm from recreational use. It also discusses the prevalence, legal status and adverse effects of N 2 O use as well as the pathophysiology and management of cold burn injuries.
一氧化二氮(N 2 O)已成为欧洲最流行的娱乐性药物之一。虽然一氧化二氮在医疗环境中通常被用作镇痛剂和麻醉剂,但其娱乐用途在被引入临床实践多年前就已被记录在案。吸入 N 2 O 作为娱乐用途的预期效果包括迅速感到放松、平静和兴奋,并可能伴有眩晕和大笑。吸入 N 2 O 会产生各种不良反应,包括头痛、恶心、呕吐、嗜睡和造成永久性神经损伤。此外,使用 N 2 O 还与冷灼伤和交通事故有关。本文详细介绍了一名因娱乐性使用 N 2 O 而导致前臂被 N 2 O 罐烧伤的患者的病例。文章还讨论了使用 N 2 O 的普遍性、法律地位和不良影响,以及冷灼伤的病理生理学和处理方法。
{"title":"Nitrous oxide tank cold burn to the forearm: a case study and discussion of the literature.","authors":"Oliver Allen, Muireann Keating","doi":"10.7748/en.2024.e2191","DOIUrl":"10.7748/en.2024.e2191","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) has become one of the most popular recreational drugs in Europe. While N 2 O is often used in medical settings as an analgesic and anaesthetic agent, its recreational use was documented many years before its introduction into clinical practice. The desired effects from inhaling N 2 O for recreational purposes include rapid feelings of relaxation, calmness and euphoria, which can be accompanied by giddiness and laughter. There are various adverse effects associated with N 2 O use, including headache, nausea, vomiting, drowsiness and the development of permanent neurological damage. Furthermore, its use is associated with cold burns and road accidents. This article details the case of a patient who sustained an N 2 O tank burn to his forearm from recreational use. It also discusses the prevalence, legal status and adverse effects of N 2 O use as well as the pathophysiology and management of cold burn injuries.</p>","PeriodicalId":94315,"journal":{"name":"Emergency nurse : the journal of the RCN Accident and Emergency Nursing Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139548047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}