Pub Date : 2008-01-01DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-46875-3_100191
P. Hoffman, B. Djavan
{"title":"Androgen deprivation therapy.","authors":"P. Hoffman, B. Djavan","doi":"10.1007/978-3-662-46875-3_100191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46875-3_100191","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94353,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in urology","volume":"49 1","pages":"305-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81327257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-01-01DOI: 10.1097/00006205-200311000-00020
Masood Khan, A. Partin
Although testosterone is the major circulating androgen in men, dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is more potent and is the major form of androgen found within the prostate gland.1 DHT, which is responsible for maintaining prostate growth, is produced through reduction of testosterone by an enzyme called 5-α-reductase.1 DHT is regarded as an extremely important factor in the pathogenesis of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).2 There are 2 isoforms of 5-α-reductase (types 1 and 2). The type 2 enzyme predominates within the prostate and is localized to the fibromuscular stromal compartment.3 Therefore, finasteride, a selective competitive inhibitor of 5-α-reductase type 2, was developed to address the management of BPH.4 Accordingly, use of finasteride significantly reduces urinary symptom score, improves urinary flow rates, and reduces prostate volume in men with BPH.2 Like BPH, prostate cancer is known to be androgen-dependent, and finasteride inhibits the proliferation of prostate cancer cell lines both in vitro and in vivo.5,6 These findings incited the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and the South West Oncology Group (SWOG) to consider whether finasteride could reduce the risk of prostate cancer. In 1993, a large-scale study of prostate adenocarcinoma chemoprevention with finasteride was initiated: the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial (PCPT). A recently published paper reports the findings of this important study.
{"title":"Finasteride and prostate cancer.","authors":"Masood Khan, A. Partin","doi":"10.1097/00006205-200311000-00020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00006205-200311000-00020","url":null,"abstract":"Although testosterone is the major circulating androgen in men, dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is more potent and is the major form of androgen found within the prostate gland.1 DHT, which is responsible for maintaining prostate growth, is produced through reduction of testosterone by an enzyme called 5-α-reductase.1 DHT is regarded as an extremely important factor in the pathogenesis of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).2 There are 2 isoforms of 5-α-reductase (types 1 and 2). The type 2 enzyme predominates within the prostate and is localized to the fibromuscular stromal compartment.3 Therefore, finasteride, a selective competitive inhibitor of 5-α-reductase type 2, was developed to address the management of BPH.4 Accordingly, use of finasteride significantly reduces urinary symptom score, improves urinary flow rates, and reduces prostate volume in men with BPH.2 Like BPH, prostate cancer is known to be androgen-dependent, and finasteride inhibits the proliferation of prostate cancer cell lines both in vitro and in vivo.5,6 These findings incited the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and the South West Oncology Group (SWOG) to consider whether finasteride could reduce the risk of prostate cancer. In 1993, a large-scale study of prostate adenocarcinoma chemoprevention with finasteride was initiated: the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial (PCPT). A recently published paper reports the findings of this important study.","PeriodicalId":94353,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in urology","volume":"28 1","pages":"97-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85380529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-01-01DOI: 10.1016/B978-012286981-5/50032-X
K. Slawin, E. Canto, S. Shariat, J. Gore, E. Kim, M. Kattan, T. Wheeler, R. Nath
{"title":"Sural Nerve Interposition Grafting during Radical Prostatectomy.","authors":"K. Slawin, E. Canto, S. Shariat, J. Gore, E. Kim, M. Kattan, T. Wheeler, R. Nath","doi":"10.1016/B978-012286981-5/50032-X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012286981-5/50032-X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94353,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in urology","volume":"29 1","pages":"17-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73928980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To join the IAWF, visit www.iawfonline.org As another year draws to a close, we again have suffered more civilian and firefighter fatalities, more lost homes and structures, and continued skyrocking costs. Why are we not making headway in dealing with this growing crisis? Homeowners, government officials and other organizations trying to resolve the issue of wildland-urban interface fire must stop, re-group and recognize that it is definitely time to take a new look and find fresh approaches to dealing with this problem. There are a multitude of fragmented WUI programs that are not well-coordinated. Many critics are simply calling this situation embarrassing, and are asking the simple question, “Why can’t we get all the players to the table to talk and work together on this issue?” Clearly, people and their property need protection from wildfire, which is the one fact upon which everyone can agree. But should this be the responsibility of the federal government through the Forest Service and the Department of Interior? Who should pay for this protection? Should homeowners living in the WUI do more to protect themselves from wildfire? They must learn to make better decisions about where and how to develop property, build homes and communities and to retrofit existing homes to be more firesafe. There is also an enormous problem in current fire-protection infrastructure, such as roads and water-delivery systems. In most cases existing systems are inadequate for property and resource protection during fast-moving wildfires. The cost of improving the existing infrastructure, however, would be staggering — some estimate hundreds of billions of dollars. During major fire operations in the interface, most structure losses occur in the first few hours of an incident. This often is due to a lack of effective vegetation-management practices. These losses will continue until appropriate access, landscaping and construction standards are implemented and enforced. Not everyone is smart enough not to build in harm’s way, which reinforces the need zoning as well as building, fire and interface codes and better public education. We will never get a true handle on firefighting danger — much less firefighting costs — if we consent to residential development sprawling throughout the wildland-urban interface. Three Time to re-think our approach
{"title":"From the President's Desk.","authors":"J. Reyna","doi":"10.1093/jmt/3.1.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jmt/3.1.44","url":null,"abstract":"To join the IAWF, visit www.iawfonline.org As another year draws to a close, we again have suffered more civilian and firefighter fatalities, more lost homes and structures, and continued skyrocking costs. Why are we not making headway in dealing with this growing crisis? Homeowners, government officials and other organizations trying to resolve the issue of wildland-urban interface fire must stop, re-group and recognize that it is definitely time to take a new look and find fresh approaches to dealing with this problem. There are a multitude of fragmented WUI programs that are not well-coordinated. Many critics are simply calling this situation embarrassing, and are asking the simple question, “Why can’t we get all the players to the table to talk and work together on this issue?” Clearly, people and their property need protection from wildfire, which is the one fact upon which everyone can agree. But should this be the responsibility of the federal government through the Forest Service and the Department of Interior? Who should pay for this protection? Should homeowners living in the WUI do more to protect themselves from wildfire? They must learn to make better decisions about where and how to develop property, build homes and communities and to retrofit existing homes to be more firesafe. There is also an enormous problem in current fire-protection infrastructure, such as roads and water-delivery systems. In most cases existing systems are inadequate for property and resource protection during fast-moving wildfires. The cost of improving the existing infrastructure, however, would be staggering — some estimate hundreds of billions of dollars. During major fire operations in the interface, most structure losses occur in the first few hours of an incident. This often is due to a lack of effective vegetation-management practices. These losses will continue until appropriate access, landscaping and construction standards are implemented and enforced. Not everyone is smart enough not to build in harm’s way, which reinforces the need zoning as well as building, fire and interface codes and better public education. We will never get a true handle on firefighting danger — much less firefighting costs — if we consent to residential development sprawling throughout the wildland-urban interface. Three Time to re-think our approach","PeriodicalId":94353,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in urology","volume":"27 1","pages":"131-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78891226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jennifer Kong, M. Bultitude, P. Royce, R. Gruen, A. Cato, N. Corcoran
Lower urinary tract trauma, although relatively uncommon in blunt trauma, can lead to significant morbidity when diagnosed late or left untreated; urologists may only encounter a handful of these injuries in their career. This article reviews the literature and reports on the management of these injuries, highlighting the issues facing clinicians in this subspecialty. Also presented is a structured review detailing the mechanisms, classification, diagnosis, management, and complications of blunt trauma to the bladder and urethra. The prognosis for bladder rupture is excellent when treated. Significant intraperitoneal rupture or involvement of the bladder neck mandates surgical repair, whereas smaller extraperitoneal lacerations may be managed with catheterization alone. With the push for management of trauma patients in larger centers, urologists in these hospitals are seeing increasing numbers of lower urinary tract injuries. Prospective analysis may be achieved in these centers to address the current lack of Level 1 evidence.
{"title":"Lower urinary tract injuries following blunt trauma: a review of contemporary management.","authors":"Jennifer Kong, M. Bultitude, P. Royce, R. Gruen, A. Cato, N. Corcoran","doi":"10.3909/RIU0521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3909/RIU0521","url":null,"abstract":"Lower urinary tract trauma, although relatively uncommon in blunt trauma, can lead to significant morbidity when diagnosed late or left untreated; urologists may only encounter a handful of these injuries in their career. This article reviews the literature and reports on the management of these injuries, highlighting the issues facing clinicians in this subspecialty. Also presented is a structured review detailing the mechanisms, classification, diagnosis, management, and complications of blunt trauma to the bladder and urethra. The prognosis for bladder rupture is excellent when treated. Significant intraperitoneal rupture or involvement of the bladder neck mandates surgical repair, whereas smaller extraperitoneal lacerations may be managed with catheterization alone. With the push for management of trauma patients in larger centers, urologists in these hospitals are seeing increasing numbers of lower urinary tract injuries. Prospective analysis may be achieved in these centers to address the current lack of Level 1 evidence.","PeriodicalId":94353,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in urology","volume":"12 1","pages":"119-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84007038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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