Pub Date : 2020-12-07DOI: 10.3329/cardio.v13i1.50568
A. Islam, S. Munwar, A. Reza, S. Talukder, A. H. Bhuiyan, T. Ahmed, Atahar Ali, K. Rahman, S. Alam
Covid-19 pandemic has affected millions of patients, killed more than half a million, and poses major health threat globally. There is high demand for clinical resources and bed space for COVID- 19 patients. Admission of patient of any cardiac emergency in a common block of hospital, country like Bangladesh, may exposes the risk of infection among non-COVID patient. Patient with COVID- 19 and pre-existing cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have increased risk of further aggravation and death. COVID-19 infection is usually associated with multiple direct and indirect cardiovascular complications, such as acute myocardial injury, myocarditis, arrhythmias, heart failure and venous thromboembolism. Health care worker may pose themselves in vulnerability as they become host or vectors of virus transmission. Defeating COVID-19 and managing acute cardiovascular emergencies in COVID-19 era exposes non-COVID-19 patient, may need dramatic reshaping of care delivery, novel approaches to patient’s management and large-scale reallocation of resources. Cardiovasc. j. 2020; 13(1): 75-80
{"title":"COVID-19 and Acute Cardiovascular Diseases in Bangladesh- A Time Tested Medical Emergency to deal with","authors":"A. Islam, S. Munwar, A. Reza, S. Talukder, A. H. Bhuiyan, T. Ahmed, Atahar Ali, K. Rahman, S. Alam","doi":"10.3329/cardio.v13i1.50568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v13i1.50568","url":null,"abstract":"Covid-19 pandemic has affected millions of patients, killed more than half a million, and poses major health threat globally. There is high demand for clinical resources and bed space for COVID- 19 patients. Admission of patient of any cardiac emergency in a common block of hospital, country like Bangladesh, may exposes the risk of infection among non-COVID patient. Patient with COVID- 19 and pre-existing cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have increased risk of further aggravation and death. COVID-19 infection is usually associated with multiple direct and indirect cardiovascular complications, such as acute myocardial injury, myocarditis, arrhythmias, heart failure and venous thromboembolism. Health care worker may pose themselves in vulnerability as they become host or vectors of virus transmission. Defeating COVID-19 and managing acute cardiovascular emergencies in COVID-19 era exposes non-COVID-19 patient, may need dramatic reshaping of care delivery, novel approaches to patient’s management and large-scale reallocation of resources. \u0000Cardiovasc. j. 2020; 13(1): 75-80","PeriodicalId":9438,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Journal","volume":"46 1","pages":"75-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90655233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-07DOI: 10.3329/cardio.v13i1.50573
Rakesh Gupta, Parashar Sk, H. Chopra, S. Shrivastava, S. Govind, A. Majumder, A. Islam, Mohsin Ahmed, A. Mohibullah, Y. Bhatt, D. Sharma, C. Adhikari, D. Prajapati, Mubarak, Stanley Amarasekara, G. Vijayraghavan, P. Raju, A. Anjaneyulu, R. Alagesan, R. Kasliwal, R. Manjuran, S. Shanmugasundrum, V. Amuthan, S. Kaushik, S. Yavagal, D. Chatterjee, K. Raghu, C. Ponde, M. Bansal, G. Gnanavelu, R. Mehrotra, S. Bohra, S. Veermani, U. Singh, G. Rajesh, K. Krishnamoorti, R. Shah
An echocardiographic investigation is one of the key modalities of diagnosis in patients suffering from COVID 19, especially if they are elderly, have associated comorbid conditions, and pregnant. Hence, it is becoming extremely essential to look into the correct safety precautions, health-care professionals must take while conducting an echo investigation. At the same time, a focused echo examination aimed at correct imaging view acquisition in the shortest possible time is the need of the hour. The decision matrix formulated for conducting an echocardiographic evaluation is based on the presence or absence of cardiological comorbidity vis-a-vis positive or suspected for COVID- 19. The safety measures and image acquisition have been constructed keeping in mind the current safety precautions by the World Health Organization, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, India. Cardiovasc. j. 2020; 13(1): 97-101
{"title":"Joint Consensus Statement – Safety Precautions for Doing Echocardiography and Image Acquisition during COVID 19: Indian Academy of Echocardiography, Bangladesh Cardiac Society, Cardiac Society of Nepal, and Sri Lanka College of Cardiology","authors":"Rakesh Gupta, Parashar Sk, H. Chopra, S. Shrivastava, S. Govind, A. Majumder, A. Islam, Mohsin Ahmed, A. Mohibullah, Y. Bhatt, D. Sharma, C. Adhikari, D. Prajapati, Mubarak, Stanley Amarasekara, G. Vijayraghavan, P. Raju, A. Anjaneyulu, R. Alagesan, R. Kasliwal, R. Manjuran, S. Shanmugasundrum, V. Amuthan, S. Kaushik, S. Yavagal, D. Chatterjee, K. Raghu, C. Ponde, M. Bansal, G. Gnanavelu, R. Mehrotra, S. Bohra, S. Veermani, U. Singh, G. Rajesh, K. Krishnamoorti, R. Shah","doi":"10.3329/cardio.v13i1.50573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v13i1.50573","url":null,"abstract":"An echocardiographic investigation is one of the key modalities of diagnosis in patients suffering from COVID 19, especially if they are elderly, have associated comorbid conditions, and pregnant. Hence, it is becoming extremely essential to look into the correct safety precautions, health-care professionals must take while conducting an echo investigation. At the same time, a focused echo examination aimed at correct imaging view acquisition in the shortest possible time is the need of the hour. The decision matrix formulated for conducting an echocardiographic evaluation is based on the presence or absence of cardiological comorbidity vis-a-vis positive or suspected for COVID- 19. The safety measures and image acquisition have been constructed keeping in mind the current safety precautions by the World Health Organization, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, India. \u0000Cardiovasc. j. 2020; 13(1): 97-101","PeriodicalId":9438,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Journal","volume":"46 1","pages":"97-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77683021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-07DOI: 10.3329/cardio.v13i1.50558
A. Islam, A. Majumder, Mohammad Arifur Rahman, I. J. Shimu, T. Chowdhury, M. Ullah, D. Hossain, SM Quamrul Huq, N. Islam
Background: An atrial septal aneurysm (ASA) is a redundancy or saccular deformity of the atrial septum. This itself is usually of no clinical significance and is often diagnosed incidentally. However, it may be associated with significant cardiac and non-cardiac diagnoses, the most important of which are intracardiac shunts, arrhythmias, embolic stroke, and migraine. ASA may be present in 1 to 3% of general population. However, the prevalence of ASA in Bangladeshi subjects is not known. Methods: The study was carried out in a private consultation centre of Dhaka City during February 2018 to July 2019. All the patients who are referred for TTE were included in the study, the study has been carried out to find out the prevalence of this often-overlooked anatomical structure by trans-thoracic echocardiography Results: Out of 2598 echo studies, ASA was found in 111 subjects giving a prevalence of 4.27%. Majority of the patients with ASA belonged to 40-79-year age group; 42.3% were 40-59 years of age while 32.4% were of 60-79 years More than half (59.5%) had otherwise normal heart, 20.7% had ischaemic heart disease, 13.5% had left ventricular hypertrophy, 5.4% congenital heart disease, while 4.5% had chronic rheumatic heart disease. Conclusion: The ASA is often an incidental diagnosis, though it may not be so rare. Once diagnosed, other associations should be sought for. Cardiovasc. j. 2020; 13(1): 7-11
{"title":"Prevalence of Atrial Septal Aneurysm in Bangladeshi Subjects: Analysis of 2598 Subjects by Echocardiography","authors":"A. Islam, A. Majumder, Mohammad Arifur Rahman, I. J. Shimu, T. Chowdhury, M. Ullah, D. Hossain, SM Quamrul Huq, N. Islam","doi":"10.3329/cardio.v13i1.50558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v13i1.50558","url":null,"abstract":"Background: An atrial septal aneurysm (ASA) is a redundancy or saccular deformity of the atrial septum. This itself is usually of no clinical significance and is often diagnosed incidentally. However, it may be associated with significant cardiac and non-cardiac diagnoses, the most important of which are intracardiac shunts, arrhythmias, embolic stroke, and migraine. ASA may be present in 1 to 3% of general population. However, the prevalence of ASA in Bangladeshi subjects is not known. \u0000Methods: The study was carried out in a private consultation centre of Dhaka City during February 2018 to July 2019. All the patients who are referred for TTE were included in the study, the study has been carried out to find out the prevalence of this often-overlooked anatomical structure by trans-thoracic echocardiography \u0000Results: Out of 2598 echo studies, ASA was found in 111 subjects giving a prevalence of 4.27%. Majority of the patients with ASA belonged to 40-79-year age group; 42.3% were 40-59 years of age while 32.4% were of 60-79 years More than half (59.5%) had otherwise normal heart, 20.7% had ischaemic heart disease, 13.5% had left ventricular hypertrophy, 5.4% congenital heart disease, while 4.5% had chronic rheumatic heart disease. \u0000Conclusion: The ASA is often an incidental diagnosis, though it may not be so rare. Once diagnosed, other associations should be sought for. \u0000Cardiovasc. j. 2020; 13(1): 7-11","PeriodicalId":9438,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Journal","volume":"62 1","pages":"7-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83952662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-07DOI: 10.3329/cardio.v13i1.50555
A. Majumder
Abstract not available Cardiovasc. j. 2020; 13(1): 1-2
摘要:心血管。j。2020;13 (1): 1 - 2
{"title":"Homage To Prof. Abu Zafar","authors":"A. Majumder","doi":"10.3329/cardio.v13i1.50555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v13i1.50555","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract not available \u0000Cardiovasc. j. 2020; 13(1): 1-2","PeriodicalId":9438,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Journal","volume":"30 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72731388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-07DOI: 10.3329/cardio.v13i1.50572
L. Hossain, Mahbubor Rahman, S. Dina, Mahbubul Islam, Abdul Karim, Amran Ahmed, Shameem Ahsan
We report a 52-year-old and weight of 79.36 lbs female patient with Thrombocytopenia induced by giant atrial thrombus in rheumatic mitral stenosis. The patient underwent bioprosthetic mitral valve implantation and removal of the giant thrombus. The platelet count progressively increased achieving normal levels one week after surgery. Cardiovasc. j. 2020; 13(1): 95-96
{"title":"Thrombocytopenia Induced by Giant Atrial Thrombus in Rheumatic Valve Disease- A Case Report","authors":"L. Hossain, Mahbubor Rahman, S. Dina, Mahbubul Islam, Abdul Karim, Amran Ahmed, Shameem Ahsan","doi":"10.3329/cardio.v13i1.50572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v13i1.50572","url":null,"abstract":"We report a 52-year-old and weight of 79.36 lbs female patient with Thrombocytopenia induced by giant atrial thrombus in rheumatic mitral stenosis. The patient underwent bioprosthetic mitral valve implantation and removal of the giant thrombus. The platelet count progressively increased achieving normal levels one week after surgery. \u0000Cardiovasc. j. 2020; 13(1): 95-96","PeriodicalId":9438,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"95-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86429050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-07DOI: 10.3329/cardio.v13i1.50556
A. Majumder
virus, SARS-CoV-2 in severe form is associated with myocardial injury with features of myocarditis with ECG changes and increased level of troponin. But it involves myocardium at far more rate (24-33%) than influenza (around 1%). It is understood when we consider the pathophysiology of the way virus acts in the body. It utilizes Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors to enter the cells. These receptors are abundant in the lungs and much expressed in the myocardium, endothelium. kidneys and GI tract. Following a few days of infection, it enters myocytes causing myocardial injury. This direct effect of the virus leads to focal myocardial damage and scar formation. Thus, in addition to immediate cause of arrhythmia, it remains as nidus of future arrhythmia. In the later stage of the diseases, when there is immune response with cytokine release, there is suppression of myocardium with onset of acute left ventricular failure. This process of myocardial suppression is transient with no residual damage to the myocardium in most cases.
{"title":"COVID 19 and Heart","authors":"A. Majumder","doi":"10.3329/cardio.v13i1.50556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v13i1.50556","url":null,"abstract":"virus, SARS-CoV-2 in severe form is associated with myocardial injury with features of myocarditis with ECG changes and increased level of troponin. But it involves myocardium at far more rate (24-33%) than influenza (around 1%). It is understood when we consider the pathophysiology of the way virus acts in the body. It utilizes Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors to enter the cells. These receptors are abundant in the lungs and much expressed in the myocardium, endothelium. kidneys and GI tract. Following a few days of infection, it enters myocytes causing myocardial injury. This direct effect of the virus leads to focal myocardial damage and scar formation. Thus, in addition to immediate cause of arrhythmia, it remains as nidus of future arrhythmia. In the later stage of the diseases, when there is immune response with cytokine release, there is suppression of myocardium with onset of acute left ventricular failure. This process of myocardial suppression is transient with no residual damage to the myocardium in most cases.","PeriodicalId":9438,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Journal","volume":"191 1","pages":"3-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86646752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-07DOI: 10.3329/cardio.v13i1.50571
K. Islam, S. Moinuddin, A. K. Paul, M. Alam
Bidirectional Glenn Shunt is a palliative procedure in single ventricle or hypoplastic right ventricle, tricuspid atresia and pulmonary stenosis complex where definitive repair is not feasible as well as a intermediate step of Fontan procedure. It is done by anastomosing superior venacava with right pulmonary artery or conduit can be used. We were forced to do the anastomosis between superior venacava and left pulmonary artery using a conduit as anatomy wasn’t favorable. Due to unavailability of any recognized conduits we used autologous pericardium and created a conduit with it to carry out anastomosis. Post-operative results were satisfactory. Cardiovasc. j. 2020; 13(1): 92-94
{"title":"Use of Pericardial Patch Conduit in Bidirectional Glenn Shunt: An Innovative Technique","authors":"K. Islam, S. Moinuddin, A. K. Paul, M. Alam","doi":"10.3329/cardio.v13i1.50571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v13i1.50571","url":null,"abstract":"Bidirectional Glenn Shunt is a palliative procedure in single ventricle or hypoplastic right ventricle, tricuspid atresia and pulmonary stenosis complex where definitive repair is not feasible as well as a intermediate step of Fontan procedure. It is done by anastomosing superior venacava with right pulmonary artery or conduit can be used. We were forced to do the anastomosis between superior venacava and left pulmonary artery using a conduit as anatomy wasn’t favorable. Due to unavailability of any recognized conduits we used autologous pericardium and created a conduit with it to carry out anastomosis. Post-operative results were satisfactory. \u0000Cardiovasc. j. 2020; 13(1): 92-94","PeriodicalId":9438,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"92-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83915545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-07DOI: 10.3329/cardio.v13i1.50565
M. Zaman, Ferdous Hakim, Md Rijwan Bhuiyan, Md. Mujibur Rahman, H. Ahsan, R. Rahman, Md Abdul Jalil Chowdhury
Background: We report relationship of wealth indices with self-reported diabetes data in Bangladeshi people. As a secondary objective we examine whether educational achievement can be used as a proxy of wealth indices. Methods: We have analyzed data of a nationally representative STEPS survey (STEPwise Surveillance of NCD risk factors) done in 2010 in 8808 adults selected at their households using a multistage cluster sampling approach to describe association of socioeconomic status with diabetes mellitus. We created wealth indices using principal component analysis based on a 20-item household asset items; and then divided subjects in to quartiles. Results: Prevalence of documented diabetes was 3.9% but it was more than 11 times (9.3%) in the fourth quartile (richest) compared to the first quartile (0.8%). This may either mean that the detection rate is higher among the higher socioeconomic group or there are some intervening factors accompanied by the economic achievements that favors occurrence or detection of diabetes in
{"title":"Wealth Differentials in Prevalence of Self- Reported Diabetes Mellitus in Bangladeshi Adults","authors":"M. Zaman, Ferdous Hakim, Md Rijwan Bhuiyan, Md. Mujibur Rahman, H. Ahsan, R. Rahman, Md Abdul Jalil Chowdhury","doi":"10.3329/cardio.v13i1.50565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v13i1.50565","url":null,"abstract":"Background: We report relationship of wealth indices with self-reported diabetes data in Bangladeshi people. As a secondary objective we examine whether educational achievement can be used as a proxy of wealth indices. Methods: We have analyzed data of a nationally representative STEPS survey (STEPwise Surveillance of NCD risk factors) done in 2010 in 8808 adults selected at their households using a multistage cluster sampling approach to describe association of socioeconomic status with diabetes mellitus. We created wealth indices using principal component analysis based on a 20-item household asset items; and then divided subjects in to quartiles. Results: Prevalence of documented diabetes was 3.9% but it was more than 11 times (9.3%) in the fourth quartile (richest) compared to the first quartile (0.8%). This may either mean that the detection rate is higher among the higher socioeconomic group or there are some intervening factors accompanied by the economic achievements that favors occurrence or detection of diabetes in","PeriodicalId":9438,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Journal","volume":"37 1","pages":"52-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81600525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-07DOI: 10.3329/cardio.v13i1.50566
R. Rashmin, N. Hosain
Background: There has been a radical improvement lately both for coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in Bangladesh. Besides the clinical goals, the economic impact of these procedures is very important as well. Out of pocket spending is the major payment strategy for healthcare in Bangladesh. It is estimated that the poverty headcount increased by 3.5% due to out of pocket healthcare payments. Methods: Data on patients’ expenditure for CABG and PCI in seven Bangladeshi hospitals were collected between 16th and 30th August, 2020. Several models were created, where the cost of CABG was compared with that of PCI in each of these hospital settings. Results: In the two public hospitals CABG is much cheaper than PCI. However, in mid-level expensive hospitals the cost of PCI with 2 stents is comparable with that of CABG, but with 3 or more stents, PCI becomes more expensive. In the big corporate hospitals, CABG tends to be relatively more expensive. The basic treatment expenditure of a patient suffering from triple vessel ischemic heart diseases may range from Taka 50000 to Taka 415000. Conclusion: In Bangladesh CABG is much cheaper than multi-stent PCI in the public and medium range private hospitals. CABG in corporate hospitals may be equal or even more expensive than PCI. IHD may contribute to national poverty as it may turn into a catastrophic health event for the
{"title":"Economic Implications of Coronary Arterial Revascularization from Bangladesh Perspective","authors":"R. Rashmin, N. Hosain","doi":"10.3329/cardio.v13i1.50566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v13i1.50566","url":null,"abstract":"Background: There has been a radical improvement lately both for coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in Bangladesh. Besides the clinical goals, the economic impact of these procedures is very important as well. Out of pocket spending is the major payment strategy for healthcare in Bangladesh. It is estimated that the poverty headcount increased by 3.5% due to out of pocket healthcare payments. Methods: Data on patients’ expenditure for CABG and PCI in seven Bangladeshi hospitals were collected between 16th and 30th August, 2020. Several models were created, where the cost of CABG was compared with that of PCI in each of these hospital settings. Results: In the two public hospitals CABG is much cheaper than PCI. However, in mid-level expensive hospitals the cost of PCI with 2 stents is comparable with that of CABG, but with 3 or more stents, PCI becomes more expensive. In the big corporate hospitals, CABG tends to be relatively more expensive. The basic treatment expenditure of a patient suffering from triple vessel ischemic heart diseases may range from Taka 50000 to Taka 415000. Conclusion: In Bangladesh CABG is much cheaper than multi-stent PCI in the public and medium range private hospitals. CABG in corporate hospitals may be equal or even more expensive than PCI. IHD may contribute to national poverty as it may turn into a catastrophic health event for the","PeriodicalId":9438,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Journal","volume":"18 1","pages":"56-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75548037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-07DOI: 10.3329/cardio.v13i1.50563
J. Akhter, Suman Nazmul Hosain, Zakia Mamataz, Sulekha Bhattacharjee, C. Barúa
Background: Congenital anomalies make an important contribution to infant mortality and they remain a leading cause of death in many countries of the world. Many babies also died in our country due to congenital anomalies. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology of CMCH between October 2016 to March 2017. Objective of the study was to find out the risk factors of non-cardiac congenital anomaly of fetus. The study population of those women who delivered a baby with different non-cardiac congenital anomalies admitted in Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology of CMCH. Results: The mean maternal age was found 26.6±5.6 years and the mean paternal age was found 35.8±7.9 years. 28 (28.0%) patients had hydrocephalus, 25 (25.0%) had Anencephaly, 7 (7.0%) had Omphalocele, 7 (7.0%) had Hydrops fetalis, 6 (6.0%) had cleft lip, 6 (6.0%) had cleft palate, 4 (4.0%) had cleft lip and cleft palate. 20 (20.0%) patients had consanguinity, history of high-grade fever with rash in first trimester was 12 (12.0%). 16(16.0%) was diabetes mellitus. Majority (63.0%) patients belonged to gestational age 16-28 weeks. The mean gestational age was found 29.5±7.1 weeks with ranged from 16 to 42 weeks. Majority (89.0%) were singleton pregnancy. 60% reveal congenital anomaly in USG. Conclusion: Risk factors of non-cardiac congenital anomalies were consanguinity, maternal obesity, high grade fever with rash in first trimester due to viral infection, diabetes mellitus (uncontrolled), uncontrolled gestational diabetes mellitus, previous birth defect, inadequate intake of folic acid in first trimester, blood group Rh negative, male baby. Hydrocephalus and anencephaly were the most common congenital anomalies. (Cardiovasc. j. 2020; 13(1): 40-45)
{"title":"Risk Factors Associated with Non-Cardiac Congenital Anomalies of Fetus Admitted in Chittagong Medical College Hospital","authors":"J. Akhter, Suman Nazmul Hosain, Zakia Mamataz, Sulekha Bhattacharjee, C. Barúa","doi":"10.3329/cardio.v13i1.50563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v13i1.50563","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Congenital anomalies make an important contribution to infant mortality and they remain a leading cause of death in many countries of the world. Many babies also died in our country due to congenital anomalies. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology of CMCH between October 2016 to March 2017. Objective of the study was to find out the risk factors of non-cardiac congenital anomaly of fetus. The study population of those women who delivered a baby with different non-cardiac congenital anomalies admitted in Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology of CMCH. Results: The mean maternal age was found 26.6±5.6 years and the mean paternal age was found 35.8±7.9 years. 28 (28.0%) patients had hydrocephalus, 25 (25.0%) had Anencephaly, 7 (7.0%) had Omphalocele, 7 (7.0%) had Hydrops fetalis, 6 (6.0%) had cleft lip, 6 (6.0%) had cleft palate, 4 (4.0%) had cleft lip and cleft palate. 20 (20.0%) patients had consanguinity, history of high-grade fever with rash in first trimester was 12 (12.0%). 16(16.0%) was diabetes mellitus. Majority (63.0%) patients belonged to gestational age 16-28 weeks. The mean gestational age was found 29.5±7.1 weeks with ranged from 16 to 42 weeks. Majority (89.0%) were singleton pregnancy. 60% reveal congenital anomaly in USG. Conclusion: Risk factors of non-cardiac congenital anomalies were consanguinity, maternal obesity, high grade fever with rash in first trimester due to viral infection, diabetes mellitus (uncontrolled), uncontrolled gestational diabetes mellitus, previous birth defect, inadequate intake of folic acid in first trimester, blood group Rh negative, male baby. Hydrocephalus and anencephaly were the most common congenital anomalies. (Cardiovasc. j. 2020; 13(1): 40-45)","PeriodicalId":9438,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Journal","volume":"58 1","pages":"40-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86206729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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