Pub Date : 2023-11-07DOI: 10.1186/s42269-023-01140-8
Ebtessam A. Youssef, Tarek A. Mahmoud, Manal A. M. Abo-Eid
Abstract Background This experimental study was conducted during two successive seasons 2021–2022 on 10-year-old Washington navel orange trees ( Citrus sinensis ) budded on sour orange rootstock ( Citrus aurantium ) under sandy loamy soil conditions in Belbeis district, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. This experimental study was conducted to compare some irrigation systems with different water stress levels on Washington navel trees and to determine the best system in terms of irrigation water use efficiency using different irrigation systems (drip and micro-sprinklers) under different levels of water supply (100, 80, and 60% of ETc, i.e., the estimated water requirements of crops). Results The included data demonstrated that irrigation water amounts can be reduced by 20% for Washington navel trees, while maintaining production, with the possibility of increasing by using micro-sprinkler irrigation systems. In summary, water use efficiency increased with micro-sprinkler irrigation systems under ETc 80%, which resulted in 2.57 and 2.67 kg of fruit per cubic meter of irrigation water in the first and second seasons, respectively. Conclusion The results of the present study showed that using ETc 80% combined with micro-sprinklers irrigation system had a high economic return through increasing total yield, water use efficiency, and water unit return (WUR) which reached to 10.26 EGP/one cubic meter of irrigation water and using less water irrigation amount by 20% at the same time. Thus, we recommend applying the treatment of ETc 80% combined with micro-sprinklers irrigation system to Washington navel orange trees budded on sour orange rootstock to gain a high economic return.
{"title":"Effect of some irrigation systems on water stress levels of Washington navel orange trees","authors":"Ebtessam A. Youssef, Tarek A. Mahmoud, Manal A. M. Abo-Eid","doi":"10.1186/s42269-023-01140-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-023-01140-8","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background This experimental study was conducted during two successive seasons 2021–2022 on 10-year-old Washington navel orange trees ( Citrus sinensis ) budded on sour orange rootstock ( Citrus aurantium ) under sandy loamy soil conditions in Belbeis district, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. This experimental study was conducted to compare some irrigation systems with different water stress levels on Washington navel trees and to determine the best system in terms of irrigation water use efficiency using different irrigation systems (drip and micro-sprinklers) under different levels of water supply (100, 80, and 60% of ETc, i.e., the estimated water requirements of crops). Results The included data demonstrated that irrigation water amounts can be reduced by 20% for Washington navel trees, while maintaining production, with the possibility of increasing by using micro-sprinkler irrigation systems. In summary, water use efficiency increased with micro-sprinkler irrigation systems under ETc 80%, which resulted in 2.57 and 2.67 kg of fruit per cubic meter of irrigation water in the first and second seasons, respectively. Conclusion The results of the present study showed that using ETc 80% combined with micro-sprinklers irrigation system had a high economic return through increasing total yield, water use efficiency, and water unit return (WUR) which reached to 10.26 EGP/one cubic meter of irrigation water and using less water irrigation amount by 20% at the same time. Thus, we recommend applying the treatment of ETc 80% combined with micro-sprinklers irrigation system to Washington navel orange trees budded on sour orange rootstock to gain a high economic return.","PeriodicalId":9460,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the National Research Centre","volume":"142 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135475984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Background To diagnose testicular torsion promptly and accurately when diagnosis of testicular torsion is difficult by color Doppler ultrasonography owing to testicular blood flow, we assess the helpfulness of physical findings to aid diagnosis of testicular torsion in cases with preserved testicular blood flow. Methods We retrospectively collected data of 45 patients below 18 years of age with suspected diagnosis of testicular torsion and underwent surgery. The clinical data of testicular torsion with normal testicular blood flow were compared to testicular torsion with normal testicular blood flow or no-testicular torsion for accurate diagnosis of testicular torsion. Results Testicular torsion was diagnosed in 34 of the 45 patients, and normal testicular blood flow was detected in six of the 34 patients. In testicular torsion with normal flow, duration of symptoms was significantly shorter, and the degree of torsion was significantly more mild than decreased blood flow. All testicular torsion with normal testicular flow had abnormal testicular findings. Duration of symptoms in patients with testicular torsion with normal flow was also significantly shorter than non-testicular torsion. Conclusions If testicular blood flow is detected, the presence of abnormal testicular findings and short duration of symptom are highly suspicious for testicular torsion.
{"title":"Diagnosis of testicular torsion with preserved blood flow detected by color Doppler ultrasonography","authors":"Kazuro Kikkawa, Yuko Ueda, Shimpei Yamashita, Yasuo Kohjimoto, Isao Hara","doi":"10.1186/s42269-023-01134-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-023-01134-6","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background To diagnose testicular torsion promptly and accurately when diagnosis of testicular torsion is difficult by color Doppler ultrasonography owing to testicular blood flow, we assess the helpfulness of physical findings to aid diagnosis of testicular torsion in cases with preserved testicular blood flow. Methods We retrospectively collected data of 45 patients below 18 years of age with suspected diagnosis of testicular torsion and underwent surgery. The clinical data of testicular torsion with normal testicular blood flow were compared to testicular torsion with normal testicular blood flow or no-testicular torsion for accurate diagnosis of testicular torsion. Results Testicular torsion was diagnosed in 34 of the 45 patients, and normal testicular blood flow was detected in six of the 34 patients. In testicular torsion with normal flow, duration of symptoms was significantly shorter, and the degree of torsion was significantly more mild than decreased blood flow. All testicular torsion with normal testicular flow had abnormal testicular findings. Duration of symptoms in patients with testicular torsion with normal flow was also significantly shorter than non-testicular torsion. Conclusions If testicular blood flow is detected, the presence of abnormal testicular findings and short duration of symptom are highly suspicious for testicular torsion.","PeriodicalId":9460,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the National Research Centre","volume":"15 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135589211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.1186/s42269-023-01130-w
Issah M. AlHamad, Osamah Al Hemyari, Ahmad Shashati, Hazza Al Seraihi, Hamad Albahlooli, Daniel Raphael Ejike Ewim, Saeed Al Nuaimi
Abstract Background Abu Dhabi, a part of the United Arab Emirates, is situated in an arid region where water scarcity is a significant concern. The residential sector in Abu Dhabi consumes a large portion of the available water resources, leading to a critical need for effective water management strategies. This study aims to understand the relationship between water tariffs and water consumption in the residential sector in Abu Dhabi. It employs an integrated fuzzy logic model, a form of artificial intelligence, to assess the impact of water tariffs on water consumption. The model includes variables such as water tariffs, the level of water awareness, the level of water behavior, and the level of technology use. The objective of these variables is to evaluate their impact on the water-saving index, which represents the ratio of daily water consumption per capita in Abu Dhabi to the global average. Results The findings of this study, based on a survey measuring the level of water awareness, behavior, and technology use, revealed a potential strategy for reducing water consumption in Abu Dhabi’s residential sector. It was observed that increasing water tariffs, while maintaining current levels of water awareness, behavior, and technology use, could lead to a reduction in water consumption. However, it was also found that the impact of further tariff increases on water conservation diminishes after a certain threshold, indicating the necessity of a balanced approach in tariff adjustment. Interestingly, the study also highlights that Abu Dhabi residents demonstrate high levels of water behavior and technology use, indicating a positive trend toward water conservation. Conclusions This study emphasizes the importance of increasing water awareness among Abu Dhabi residents as a means to foster sustainable water consumption practices. While water tariffs can contribute to reductions in water consumption, the effects tend to decrease beyond a certain point. Therefore, a comprehensive approach involving water tariffs, increased water awareness, and the adoption of water-saving technologies may be the most effective strategy for water conservation. The insights from this study extend beyond Abu Dhabi and offer valuable guidance for addressing water conservation challenges worldwide. It highlights the importance of adopting a multi-faceted approach in water management, and the potential for such strategies to have international relevance in the pursuit of sustainable water consumption.
{"title":"An integrated approach to water conservation: fuzzy logic assessment of water tariffs in Abu Dhabi Emirate’s residential sector","authors":"Issah M. AlHamad, Osamah Al Hemyari, Ahmad Shashati, Hazza Al Seraihi, Hamad Albahlooli, Daniel Raphael Ejike Ewim, Saeed Al Nuaimi","doi":"10.1186/s42269-023-01130-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-023-01130-w","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Abu Dhabi, a part of the United Arab Emirates, is situated in an arid region where water scarcity is a significant concern. The residential sector in Abu Dhabi consumes a large portion of the available water resources, leading to a critical need for effective water management strategies. This study aims to understand the relationship between water tariffs and water consumption in the residential sector in Abu Dhabi. It employs an integrated fuzzy logic model, a form of artificial intelligence, to assess the impact of water tariffs on water consumption. The model includes variables such as water tariffs, the level of water awareness, the level of water behavior, and the level of technology use. The objective of these variables is to evaluate their impact on the water-saving index, which represents the ratio of daily water consumption per capita in Abu Dhabi to the global average. Results The findings of this study, based on a survey measuring the level of water awareness, behavior, and technology use, revealed a potential strategy for reducing water consumption in Abu Dhabi’s residential sector. It was observed that increasing water tariffs, while maintaining current levels of water awareness, behavior, and technology use, could lead to a reduction in water consumption. However, it was also found that the impact of further tariff increases on water conservation diminishes after a certain threshold, indicating the necessity of a balanced approach in tariff adjustment. Interestingly, the study also highlights that Abu Dhabi residents demonstrate high levels of water behavior and technology use, indicating a positive trend toward water conservation. Conclusions This study emphasizes the importance of increasing water awareness among Abu Dhabi residents as a means to foster sustainable water consumption practices. While water tariffs can contribute to reductions in water consumption, the effects tend to decrease beyond a certain point. Therefore, a comprehensive approach involving water tariffs, increased water awareness, and the adoption of water-saving technologies may be the most effective strategy for water conservation. The insights from this study extend beyond Abu Dhabi and offer valuable guidance for addressing water conservation challenges worldwide. It highlights the importance of adopting a multi-faceted approach in water management, and the potential for such strategies to have international relevance in the pursuit of sustainable water consumption.","PeriodicalId":9460,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the National Research Centre","volume":"44 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135635377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-03DOI: 10.1186/s42269-023-01137-3
Amal M. El Shahawi
{"title":"Correction: Incorporation of zinc oxide nanoparticles and it’s antibacterial effect on toothpaste","authors":"Amal M. El Shahawi","doi":"10.1186/s42269-023-01137-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-023-01137-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9460,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the National Research Centre","volume":"33 17","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135819484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-03DOI: 10.1186/s42269-023-01138-2
Samuel Asante Gyamerah, Aaron Akyea Mensah, Clement Asare, Nelson Dzupire
Abstract Background Mortality forecasting is a critical component in various fields, including public health, insurance, and pension planning, where accurate predictions are essential for informed decision-making. This study introduces an innovative hybrid approach that combines the classical Lee–Carter model with advanced machine learning techniques, particularly the stack ensemble model, to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of mortality forecasts. Results Through an extensive analysis of mortality data from Ghana, the hybrid model’s performance is assessed, showcasing its superiority over individual base models. The proposed hybrid Lee–Carter model with a stack ensemble emerges as a powerful tool for mortality forecasting based on the performance metrics utilized. Additionally, the study highlights the impact of incorporating additional base models within the stack ensemble framework to enhance predictive performance. Conclusion Through this innovative approach, the study provides valuable insights into enhancing mortality prediction accuracy. By bridging classic mortality modeling with advanced machine learning, the hybrid model offers a powerful tool for policymakers, actuaries, and healthcare practitioners to inform decisions and plan for the future. The findings of this research pave the way for further advancements and improvements in mortality forecasting methodologies, thus contributing to the broader understanding and management of mortality risks in various sectors.
{"title":"Improving mortality forecasting using a hybrid of Lee–Carter and stacking ensemble model","authors":"Samuel Asante Gyamerah, Aaron Akyea Mensah, Clement Asare, Nelson Dzupire","doi":"10.1186/s42269-023-01138-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-023-01138-2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Mortality forecasting is a critical component in various fields, including public health, insurance, and pension planning, where accurate predictions are essential for informed decision-making. This study introduces an innovative hybrid approach that combines the classical Lee–Carter model with advanced machine learning techniques, particularly the stack ensemble model, to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of mortality forecasts. Results Through an extensive analysis of mortality data from Ghana, the hybrid model’s performance is assessed, showcasing its superiority over individual base models. The proposed hybrid Lee–Carter model with a stack ensemble emerges as a powerful tool for mortality forecasting based on the performance metrics utilized. Additionally, the study highlights the impact of incorporating additional base models within the stack ensemble framework to enhance predictive performance. Conclusion Through this innovative approach, the study provides valuable insights into enhancing mortality prediction accuracy. By bridging classic mortality modeling with advanced machine learning, the hybrid model offers a powerful tool for policymakers, actuaries, and healthcare practitioners to inform decisions and plan for the future. The findings of this research pave the way for further advancements and improvements in mortality forecasting methodologies, thus contributing to the broader understanding and management of mortality risks in various sectors.","PeriodicalId":9460,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the National Research Centre","volume":"22 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135819501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Background The corn borer Ostrinia nubilalis and the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda larvae feed on the aerial parts of maize. It is responsible for significant yield losses and are therefore a cause of food insecurity. This study carried out to evaluate the resistance of three maize varieties (EV8766 SR-MRP, PR9131-SR, CEW-SR), in Tonkpi region’s, to S. frugiperda and O. nubilalis damages. Each maize variety seeds were sown on a one hectare plot subdivided into 6 elementary plots with 75 cm between rows and 40 cm between bunches. Sampling of S. frugiperda and O. nubilalis larvae on maize plants was carried out according to the FAO method, from the third to the fifth week after planting. Maize plants damaged, the intensity of infestation and the number of larvae on maize plants were recorded. Maize plants damaged by the insect pests were marked to avoid recounting. At maturity, 100 maize cobs were harvested per elementary plot, then the larvae number and the attacked cobs by S. frugiperda and O. nubilalis larvae were recorded. Results The lowest damage rate by S. frugiperda were recorded in maize variety EV8766-SR-MRP (23.33%); while, the highest damage rate were in the varieties PR9131-SR (43.33%) and CEW-SR (55%). There are no significant difference values of the density of S. frugiperda larvae per maize plant attacked between the three varieties. The index of intensification of maize plant damaged by S. frugiperda larvae was lower for the variety EV8766-SR-MRP (7.50%) and was moderate for the varieties PR9131-SR (15.42%) and CEW-SR (21.67%). The damage rates of O. nubilalis larvae on maize cobs varied between 9.6 and 22.0%. These damage rates were higher for the varieties PR9131-SR (21.83%) and CEW-SR (17.50%) and were lower for EV8766-SR-MRP (9.66%). There was not significantly different from the density of O. nubilalis larvae per maize cob attacked between the three varieties. It was between 1 to 1.2 larvae. Crop losses were lower for EV8766 SR-MRP (10.228%) than those of PR9131-SR and CEW-SR (19.338%). Conclusions The maize variety EV8766-SR-MRP is found to be the best variety in the control of, O. nubilalis and S. frugiperda .
{"title":"Evaluation of the resistance of three maize varieties to Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) and Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner in the Tonkpi region (Man, Côte d’Ivoire)","authors":"Dohouonan Diabate, Gueu Tatiana Thérèse Tah, Yatanan Casimir Ble, Yao Tano","doi":"10.1186/s42269-023-01116-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-023-01116-8","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background The corn borer Ostrinia nubilalis and the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda larvae feed on the aerial parts of maize. It is responsible for significant yield losses and are therefore a cause of food insecurity. This study carried out to evaluate the resistance of three maize varieties (EV8766 SR-MRP, PR9131-SR, CEW-SR), in Tonkpi region’s, to S. frugiperda and O. nubilalis damages. Each maize variety seeds were sown on a one hectare plot subdivided into 6 elementary plots with 75 cm between rows and 40 cm between bunches. Sampling of S. frugiperda and O. nubilalis larvae on maize plants was carried out according to the FAO method, from the third to the fifth week after planting. Maize plants damaged, the intensity of infestation and the number of larvae on maize plants were recorded. Maize plants damaged by the insect pests were marked to avoid recounting. At maturity, 100 maize cobs were harvested per elementary plot, then the larvae number and the attacked cobs by S. frugiperda and O. nubilalis larvae were recorded. Results The lowest damage rate by S. frugiperda were recorded in maize variety EV8766-SR-MRP (23.33%); while, the highest damage rate were in the varieties PR9131-SR (43.33%) and CEW-SR (55%). There are no significant difference values of the density of S. frugiperda larvae per maize plant attacked between the three varieties. The index of intensification of maize plant damaged by S. frugiperda larvae was lower for the variety EV8766-SR-MRP (7.50%) and was moderate for the varieties PR9131-SR (15.42%) and CEW-SR (21.67%). The damage rates of O. nubilalis larvae on maize cobs varied between 9.6 and 22.0%. These damage rates were higher for the varieties PR9131-SR (21.83%) and CEW-SR (17.50%) and were lower for EV8766-SR-MRP (9.66%). There was not significantly different from the density of O. nubilalis larvae per maize cob attacked between the three varieties. It was between 1 to 1.2 larvae. Crop losses were lower for EV8766 SR-MRP (10.228%) than those of PR9131-SR and CEW-SR (19.338%). Conclusions The maize variety EV8766-SR-MRP is found to be the best variety in the control of, O. nubilalis and S. frugiperda .","PeriodicalId":9460,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the National Research Centre","volume":"49 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135934067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.1186/s42269-023-01136-4
Walaa M. R. El-Meidany, Fagr K. Abdel-Gawad, Sara H. Mahmoud, Mohamed A. A. Ali
Abstract Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ( SARS - CoV - 2 ) is of a public health importance as it is continually evolving due to random mutations. New mutations can potentially affect the degree of infectiousness, virulence, and can increase the virus’ capability to evade adaptive immune responses of the body. Immunity is one of the key factors determining the extent of severity of SARS-CoV-2 patients. Therefore, thinking about natural remedies is the way to boost immunity, keep the body protected, and able to fight the SARS-CoV-2 virus. We aimed to make progress in the field of anti- SARS-CoV-2 nutraceuticals, thus providing a safe and natural alternative to traditional chemically manufactured medications. Methods The cytotoxic activity (CC 50 ) of the natural products was tested experimentally in vitro on the VERO-E6 cells using a crystal violet assay. The cells were then treated with different concentrations of the natural products of Moringa oleifera leaves extract, cinnamon bark oil extract, Manuka honey, and Nigella sativa oil. The inhibitory concentration 50 (IC 50 ) value and the CC 50 value were calculated in order to measure the antiviral effect of on SARS-CoV-2 virus compared to antiviral Remdesivir drug. Results The tested natural products of honey and extracts exhibited pronounced virucidal effect against one of the most challenging viruses worldwide which is the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The results showed that the highest selectivity index was the Manuka honey + 20 UMF with SI of 10.23. The second sample following Manuka honey regarding its efficiency was the mixture of the three extracts with the honey (SI = 7.12), then followed by Remdesivir antiviral drug (SI = 3.3), then Moringa oleifera leaves extract (SI = 2.1). The last two products showing the least SI were Nigella sativa oil (SI = 1.6) and cinnamon bark oil (SI = 1.08), respectively. Conclusions Manuka honey + 20 UMF alone or combined with other three extracts of Moringa oleifera , Nigella sativa , and cinnamon bark oil have a much stronger in vitro antiviral effect on SARS-CoV-2 virus than the traditional antiviral drug Remdesivir. Further research will be needed to test the effectiveness of these natural products in vivo as an antiviral remedy against SARS-CoV-2 virus.
{"title":"In vitro antiviral effect of cinnamon oil, Moringa oleifera extract, Manuka honey, and Nigella sativa oil against SARS-CoV-2 compared to remdesivir","authors":"Walaa M. R. El-Meidany, Fagr K. Abdel-Gawad, Sara H. Mahmoud, Mohamed A. A. Ali","doi":"10.1186/s42269-023-01136-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-023-01136-4","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ( SARS - CoV - 2 ) is of a public health importance as it is continually evolving due to random mutations. New mutations can potentially affect the degree of infectiousness, virulence, and can increase the virus’ capability to evade adaptive immune responses of the body. Immunity is one of the key factors determining the extent of severity of SARS-CoV-2 patients. Therefore, thinking about natural remedies is the way to boost immunity, keep the body protected, and able to fight the SARS-CoV-2 virus. We aimed to make progress in the field of anti- SARS-CoV-2 nutraceuticals, thus providing a safe and natural alternative to traditional chemically manufactured medications. Methods The cytotoxic activity (CC 50 ) of the natural products was tested experimentally in vitro on the VERO-E6 cells using a crystal violet assay. The cells were then treated with different concentrations of the natural products of Moringa oleifera leaves extract, cinnamon bark oil extract, Manuka honey, and Nigella sativa oil. The inhibitory concentration 50 (IC 50 ) value and the CC 50 value were calculated in order to measure the antiviral effect of on SARS-CoV-2 virus compared to antiviral Remdesivir drug. Results The tested natural products of honey and extracts exhibited pronounced virucidal effect against one of the most challenging viruses worldwide which is the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The results showed that the highest selectivity index was the Manuka honey + 20 UMF with SI of 10.23. The second sample following Manuka honey regarding its efficiency was the mixture of the three extracts with the honey (SI = 7.12), then followed by Remdesivir antiviral drug (SI = 3.3), then Moringa oleifera leaves extract (SI = 2.1). The last two products showing the least SI were Nigella sativa oil (SI = 1.6) and cinnamon bark oil (SI = 1.08), respectively. Conclusions Manuka honey + 20 UMF alone or combined with other three extracts of Moringa oleifera , Nigella sativa , and cinnamon bark oil have a much stronger in vitro antiviral effect on SARS-CoV-2 virus than the traditional antiviral drug Remdesivir. Further research will be needed to test the effectiveness of these natural products in vivo as an antiviral remedy against SARS-CoV-2 virus.","PeriodicalId":9460,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the National Research Centre","volume":"2 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135271384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-25DOI: 10.1186/s42269-023-01132-8
Noha N. Yassen, Dalia M. Abouelfadl, Naglaa F. Abbas, Ahmed S. A. Soliman, Marwa E. Shabana
Abstract Background Defects in mismatch repair (MMR) system or microsatellite instability (MSI) and detected in colorectal carcinoma (CRC), both in sporadic and more frequently in hereditary cases. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is the most frequent method for MMR protein deficiency screening in CRCs. In this study, we aimed to evaluate immunohistochemical expression of MMR and Ki-67 in colorectal carcinoma with clinicopathological features. Methods In this study, we evaluated the immunohistochemical expression of MMR proteins including MSH6, MSH2, PMS2 and MLH1 in 50 resection materials with colorectal carcinoma. Their expression is correlated with clinicopathological features of patients together, with Ki-67 protein expression in attempt to screen the most significant predictor of microsatellite instability. Results Of the 50 cases of cancer colon, 28% were classified as MSI-H, 20% were MSI-L, and 52% were MSS. The most frequent pattern in MSI-H tumors was concurrent loss of MSH6 and PMS2 proteins. There was a significant correlation between MMR protein expression pattern with tumor size, grade, T-classification and stage (0.015, 0.0515, 0.0162 and 0.0391), respectively. MSI-H tumors were located more frequently in right colon, early TNM stage and poorly differentiated and infrequent distant metastases. There was a significant correlation between Ki-67 high expression and MSI status patterns in their common biological aspects distinct from MSI-negative tumors . Conclusions Mismatch repair defective colorectal carcinoma has characteristics clinicopathological features different from MSS tumors. The role of immunohistochemistry (IHC) for MSI evaluation is the easiest and effective way for evaluation of MMR deficiency in colorectal carcinoma.
{"title":"Microsatellite instability screening in colorectal carcinoma: immunohistochemical analysis of MMR proteins in correlation with clinicopathological features and Ki-67 protein expression","authors":"Noha N. Yassen, Dalia M. Abouelfadl, Naglaa F. Abbas, Ahmed S. A. Soliman, Marwa E. Shabana","doi":"10.1186/s42269-023-01132-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-023-01132-8","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Defects in mismatch repair (MMR) system or microsatellite instability (MSI) and detected in colorectal carcinoma (CRC), both in sporadic and more frequently in hereditary cases. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is the most frequent method for MMR protein deficiency screening in CRCs. In this study, we aimed to evaluate immunohistochemical expression of MMR and Ki-67 in colorectal carcinoma with clinicopathological features. Methods In this study, we evaluated the immunohistochemical expression of MMR proteins including MSH6, MSH2, PMS2 and MLH1 in 50 resection materials with colorectal carcinoma. Their expression is correlated with clinicopathological features of patients together, with Ki-67 protein expression in attempt to screen the most significant predictor of microsatellite instability. Results Of the 50 cases of cancer colon, 28% were classified as MSI-H, 20% were MSI-L, and 52% were MSS. The most frequent pattern in MSI-H tumors was concurrent loss of MSH6 and PMS2 proteins. There was a significant correlation between MMR protein expression pattern with tumor size, grade, T-classification and stage (0.015, 0.0515, 0.0162 and 0.0391), respectively. MSI-H tumors were located more frequently in right colon, early TNM stage and poorly differentiated and infrequent distant metastases. There was a significant correlation between Ki-67 high expression and MSI status patterns in their common biological aspects distinct from MSI-negative tumors . Conclusions Mismatch repair defective colorectal carcinoma has characteristics clinicopathological features different from MSS tumors. The role of immunohistochemistry (IHC) for MSI evaluation is the easiest and effective way for evaluation of MMR deficiency in colorectal carcinoma.","PeriodicalId":9460,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the National Research Centre","volume":"2 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135217962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Background Ophthalmic in situ gel is a novel preparation. It can be instilled into the eye as a liquid but gels upon contact with the ocular surface, generating a sustained-release depot of the drug. The main body of the abstract Among drug delivery modalities, ocular drug administration requires careful study and parameter assessment. This is because the eyes are sensitive and require careful care. Conventional ocular administration techniques quickly eliminate formulated compounds, minimizing epithelial interaction. This review covers polymers used in ocular medication delivery, their uses, and their drawbacks. The in situ gelling mechanism converts liquid formulations into gels under certain physiological or environmental conditions. When they contact the ocular surface, in situ ocular gels undergo this transformation for medication administration. Different mechanisms drive this change, depending on the gel's formulation and desired properties. Temperature-, pH-, and ion-induced gelation are common processes of in situ ocular gel formation. The medicine's physicochemical qualities, desired drug release kinetics, ocular environment, and patient comfort determine the mechanism. Researchers can create ocular gels that transport medications, improve bioavailability, and increase patient compliance by carefully formulating and understanding the in situ gelation mechanism. These polymers are useful in prodrug research and ocular penetration enhancement. The article thoroughly discusses polymeric systems and creates a viable ophthalmic drug delivery formulation. Short conclusion In conclusion, in situ ocular gels advance ocular medication delivery. These gels overcome various difficulties of current delivery strategies for ocular therapeutics and provide a diverse and effective platform. In situ gelling, where the liquid formulation becomes a gel when it contacts ocular tissues, improves medication retention, bioavailability, and contact time.
{"title":"Revolutionizing ocular drug delivery: recent advancements in in situ gel technology","authors":"Susanta Paul, Subhabrota Majumdar, Mainak Chakraborty","doi":"10.1186/s42269-023-01123-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-023-01123-9","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Ophthalmic in situ gel is a novel preparation. It can be instilled into the eye as a liquid but gels upon contact with the ocular surface, generating a sustained-release depot of the drug. The main body of the abstract Among drug delivery modalities, ocular drug administration requires careful study and parameter assessment. This is because the eyes are sensitive and require careful care. Conventional ocular administration techniques quickly eliminate formulated compounds, minimizing epithelial interaction. This review covers polymers used in ocular medication delivery, their uses, and their drawbacks. The in situ gelling mechanism converts liquid formulations into gels under certain physiological or environmental conditions. When they contact the ocular surface, in situ ocular gels undergo this transformation for medication administration. Different mechanisms drive this change, depending on the gel's formulation and desired properties. Temperature-, pH-, and ion-induced gelation are common processes of in situ ocular gel formation. The medicine's physicochemical qualities, desired drug release kinetics, ocular environment, and patient comfort determine the mechanism. Researchers can create ocular gels that transport medications, improve bioavailability, and increase patient compliance by carefully formulating and understanding the in situ gelation mechanism. These polymers are useful in prodrug research and ocular penetration enhancement. The article thoroughly discusses polymeric systems and creates a viable ophthalmic drug delivery formulation. Short conclusion In conclusion, in situ ocular gels advance ocular medication delivery. These gels overcome various difficulties of current delivery strategies for ocular therapeutics and provide a diverse and effective platform. In situ gelling, where the liquid formulation becomes a gel when it contacts ocular tissues, improves medication retention, bioavailability, and contact time.","PeriodicalId":9460,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the National Research Centre","volume":"2004 41","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135367715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-20DOI: 10.1186/s42269-023-01131-9
Zeyad Zeitoun, Nora Yehia Selem
Abstract Background The textile industry represents a great portion of the global industry due to the increase in population and demand for sustainable products. Tons of textile wastewater contain predominantly synthetic complex organic dyes like direct dyes, processing dyes, reactive dyes, etc., making discharge of colored effluents challenging. Main body of the abstract Textile wastewater treatment is essential to maintain the environmental balance and reduce public health threats. Conventional wastewater treatment methods cannot overcome and decompose these toxic wastes; therefore, numerous modern approaches have been studied and implemented for pollutant degradation to be suitable for environmental disposal. Membranes and photocatalysis have proven their significant effect on the photodegradation of different dyes and the production of pure water for further use in industrial purposes. Short conclusion This review paper aims to represent a comprehensive review of textile dyeing wastewater treatment by integrating polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) in a hybrid system named “photocatalytic membrane reactor, PMR”.
{"title":"A comprehensive review on textile wastewater treatment by coupling TiO2 with PVDF membrane","authors":"Zeyad Zeitoun, Nora Yehia Selem","doi":"10.1186/s42269-023-01131-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-023-01131-9","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background The textile industry represents a great portion of the global industry due to the increase in population and demand for sustainable products. Tons of textile wastewater contain predominantly synthetic complex organic dyes like direct dyes, processing dyes, reactive dyes, etc., making discharge of colored effluents challenging. Main body of the abstract Textile wastewater treatment is essential to maintain the environmental balance and reduce public health threats. Conventional wastewater treatment methods cannot overcome and decompose these toxic wastes; therefore, numerous modern approaches have been studied and implemented for pollutant degradation to be suitable for environmental disposal. Membranes and photocatalysis have proven their significant effect on the photodegradation of different dyes and the production of pure water for further use in industrial purposes. Short conclusion This review paper aims to represent a comprehensive review of textile dyeing wastewater treatment by integrating polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) in a hybrid system named “photocatalytic membrane reactor, PMR”.","PeriodicalId":9460,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the National Research Centre","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135567619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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