Pub Date : 2023-10-19DOI: 10.1186/s42269-023-01126-6
Sherihan Hanafy Salem, Ali Abdulghani AlSourori, Marwa Hassan Mostafa
Abstract Background Implant-supported mandibular overdentures with bar attachments are considered an excellent option for a completely edentulous mandible. It provides a long-lasting and reliable solution to restore function and aesthetics to the patient. Many materials can be used for the construction of bar attachments, among which are PEEK and Acetal resin materials. The choice between PEEK and Acetal bar attachments eventually depends on the application, considering factors such as load-bearing requirements, biocompatibility, adaptability, and ease of use. Methods Twelve 3D-printed edentulous mandible models each received two implants. Models were then divided into two equal groups. Group1: Six models with PEEK bars were fabricated by thermo-pressed technique while Group 2: Six models with Acetal resin bars were fabricated by thermo-pressed technique. Surface hardness and flexure strength were then evaluated and statistically analyzed before and after thermocycling. Results PEEK group revealed significant higher surface hardness than Acetal resin before and after thermocycling. Regarding flexure strength, PEEK showed an insignificant increase than Acetal before thermocycling; however, the PEEK group displayed much higher values than the Acetal group following the thermocycling, resulting in a significant difference between the two groups. Conclusions Bar made of PEEK showed more promising surface hardness and flexure strength than Acetal resin bar.
{"title":"Effect of thermocycling on acetal resin versus PEEK surface hardness and flexure strength of implant-retained overdenture bars: in vitro study","authors":"Sherihan Hanafy Salem, Ali Abdulghani AlSourori, Marwa Hassan Mostafa","doi":"10.1186/s42269-023-01126-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-023-01126-6","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Implant-supported mandibular overdentures with bar attachments are considered an excellent option for a completely edentulous mandible. It provides a long-lasting and reliable solution to restore function and aesthetics to the patient. Many materials can be used for the construction of bar attachments, among which are PEEK and Acetal resin materials. The choice between PEEK and Acetal bar attachments eventually depends on the application, considering factors such as load-bearing requirements, biocompatibility, adaptability, and ease of use. Methods Twelve 3D-printed edentulous mandible models each received two implants. Models were then divided into two equal groups. Group1: Six models with PEEK bars were fabricated by thermo-pressed technique while Group 2: Six models with Acetal resin bars were fabricated by thermo-pressed technique. Surface hardness and flexure strength were then evaluated and statistically analyzed before and after thermocycling. Results PEEK group revealed significant higher surface hardness than Acetal resin before and after thermocycling. Regarding flexure strength, PEEK showed an insignificant increase than Acetal before thermocycling; however, the PEEK group displayed much higher values than the Acetal group following the thermocycling, resulting in a significant difference between the two groups. Conclusions Bar made of PEEK showed more promising surface hardness and flexure strength than Acetal resin bar.","PeriodicalId":9460,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the National Research Centre","volume":"284 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135730225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-18DOI: 10.1186/s42269-023-01127-5
Md. Jakir Hossain, Md. Munir Mahmud, Sheikh Tawhidul Islam
Abstract Background This study focuses on Dhaka City and its impact on urban surface water. Cities, ecosystems, and agriculture need surface water. It is crucial for water resource planning and environmental preservation. The primary aim is to study how urbanization has affected surface water in Dhaka City over 30 years using satellite imagery. Methods The study analyzed three decades of urban surface water shifts using Landsat 5 TM and Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS satellite imagery and Google Earth Engine (GEE) with JavaScript code for water ratio index detection. To investigate water level changes, field observation surveys and secondary data analysis were conducted. This integrated methodology simplified surface water data extraction and analysis, making remote sensing easier and allowing cloud-based satellite data processing. Results The study demonstrates that the amount of surface water in cities is going down, from 36.23 km 2 in 1990 to 5.83 km 2 in 2021, which is an enormous decrease. This means that about 20 square kilometers, or 45 percent of the water's surface, have been lost in the last 30 years. The main reasons for the drop are unplanned expansion of cities, accelerated real estate development, and more trade and economic activities in the study area. Conclusions The GEE algorithms provide useful insights into surface water's maximum and minimum extent, enabling appropriate planning and management. These findings aid Dhaka City's water resource management and environmental protection.
本研究以达卡市及其对城市地表水的影响为研究对象。城市、生态系统和农业都需要地表水。对水资源规划和环境保护具有重要意义。主要目的是利用卫星图像研究30年来城市化如何影响达卡市的地表水。方法利用Landsat 5 TM和Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS卫星影像，利用Google Earth Engine (GEE)和JavaScript代码进行水比指数检测，分析近30年城市地表水变化。通过野外观测调查和二次资料分析，对水位变化进行了调查。这种综合方法简化了地表水数据的提取和分析，使遥感更容易，并允许基于云的卫星数据处理。结果研究表明，城市地表水总量呈下降趋势，从1990年的36.23 km 2下降到2021年的5.83 km 2，降幅巨大。这意味着在过去的30年里，大约有20平方公里或45%的水面已经消失。下降的主要原因是城市的无计划扩张，房地产开发的加速，以及研究区域的贸易和经济活动的增加。结论GEE算法提供了对地表水最大和最小范围的有用见解，可以进行适当的规划和管理。这些发现有助于达喀市的水资源管理和环境保护。
{"title":"Monitoring spatiotemporal changes of urban surface water based on satellite imagery and Google Earth Engine platform in Dhaka City from 1990 to 2021","authors":"Md. Jakir Hossain, Md. Munir Mahmud, Sheikh Tawhidul Islam","doi":"10.1186/s42269-023-01127-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-023-01127-5","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background This study focuses on Dhaka City and its impact on urban surface water. Cities, ecosystems, and agriculture need surface water. It is crucial for water resource planning and environmental preservation. The primary aim is to study how urbanization has affected surface water in Dhaka City over 30 years using satellite imagery. Methods The study analyzed three decades of urban surface water shifts using Landsat 5 TM and Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS satellite imagery and Google Earth Engine (GEE) with JavaScript code for water ratio index detection. To investigate water level changes, field observation surveys and secondary data analysis were conducted. This integrated methodology simplified surface water data extraction and analysis, making remote sensing easier and allowing cloud-based satellite data processing. Results The study demonstrates that the amount of surface water in cities is going down, from 36.23 km 2 in 1990 to 5.83 km 2 in 2021, which is an enormous decrease. This means that about 20 square kilometers, or 45 percent of the water's surface, have been lost in the last 30 years. The main reasons for the drop are unplanned expansion of cities, accelerated real estate development, and more trade and economic activities in the study area. Conclusions The GEE algorithms provide useful insights into surface water's maximum and minimum extent, enabling appropriate planning and management. These findings aid Dhaka City's water resource management and environmental protection.","PeriodicalId":9460,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the National Research Centre","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135823591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-18DOI: 10.1186/s42269-023-01129-3
Rahma Menshawey, Esraa Menshawey, Ahmed Mitkees, Bilal A. Mahamud
Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has caused drastic changes in the publishing framework which allowed for the quick review and rapid publication of manuscripts in order to quickly share vital information about this new viral pandemic to the general public and scientists. Alarms have been raised for the potential for misconduct in COVID-19 research. The purpose of this study is to determine the presence of plagiarism in COVID-19 papers across infectious disease journals. Methods COVID-19 related research and review articles published in infectious disease journals were collected. Each manuscript was optimized and uploaded to Turnitin, which is a similarity checking tool. Similarity reports were manually checked for events of true plagiarism using an 80% threshold, performed via human judgment. Results In this cross-sectional study, 41.61% ( n = 129) of manuscripts were deemed plagiarized out of a total of 310 papers that were analyzed. Plagiarism was identified in 35.07% of reviews ( n = 47), and 46.6% of original research ( n = 82). Among the plagiarized papers, the median number of copied sentences was 3 IQR 4. The highest recorded similarity report was 60%, and the highest number of copied sentences was 85. The discussion section of these articles was the most problematic area, with the average number of copied sentences in that section being 6.25 ± 10.16. The average time to judge all manuscripts was 2.45 ± 3.09 min. Among all the plagiarized papers, 72.09% belonged to papers where the similarity report was ≤ 15% ( n = 93). No significant differences were found with regards to plagiarism events among the quartiles. Conclusions Plagiarism is prevalent in COVID-19 publications. All similarity reports should be supplemented with human judgment.
{"title":"A plagiarism paperdemic: determining plagiarism among COVID-19 articles in infectious disease journals between 2020 and 2021","authors":"Rahma Menshawey, Esraa Menshawey, Ahmed Mitkees, Bilal A. Mahamud","doi":"10.1186/s42269-023-01129-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-023-01129-3","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has caused drastic changes in the publishing framework which allowed for the quick review and rapid publication of manuscripts in order to quickly share vital information about this new viral pandemic to the general public and scientists. Alarms have been raised for the potential for misconduct in COVID-19 research. The purpose of this study is to determine the presence of plagiarism in COVID-19 papers across infectious disease journals. Methods COVID-19 related research and review articles published in infectious disease journals were collected. Each manuscript was optimized and uploaded to Turnitin, which is a similarity checking tool. Similarity reports were manually checked for events of true plagiarism using an 80% threshold, performed via human judgment. Results In this cross-sectional study, 41.61% ( n = 129) of manuscripts were deemed plagiarized out of a total of 310 papers that were analyzed. Plagiarism was identified in 35.07% of reviews ( n = 47), and 46.6% of original research ( n = 82). Among the plagiarized papers, the median number of copied sentences was 3 IQR 4. The highest recorded similarity report was 60%, and the highest number of copied sentences was 85. The discussion section of these articles was the most problematic area, with the average number of copied sentences in that section being 6.25 ± 10.16. The average time to judge all manuscripts was 2.45 ± 3.09 min. Among all the plagiarized papers, 72.09% belonged to papers where the similarity report was ≤ 15% ( n = 93). No significant differences were found with regards to plagiarism events among the quartiles. Conclusions Plagiarism is prevalent in COVID-19 publications. All similarity reports should be supplemented with human judgment.","PeriodicalId":9460,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the National Research Centre","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135825130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-17DOI: 10.1186/s42269-023-01121-x
Piety Godwill Suku, Ejikeme Ugwoha, Ochuko Felix Orikpete, Daniel Raphael Ejike Ewim
Abstract Background Artisanal petroleum refining operations have been known to produce a significant volume of air pollutants. The highest concentration of pollutants is generated during the oven heating or crude boiling phase of the operation. The major pollutant is black carbon or soot. Although these operations are widespread, especially in developing countries, the impact of exposure to emissions from artisanal refinery on both respiratory and reproductive health remains poorly understood. Objective This study is aimed to examine the effects of controlled subacute exposure to carbon soot emissions generated during the oven heating phase of the refining process, on the respiratory and reproductive systems of male albino Wistar rats. Methods To simulate the exposure conditions found in artisanal refineries, we developed a replicable fabrication of an artisanal refinery combustion system fitted with an exposure chamber for in vivo studies. 6–8 weeks old adolescent albino Wistar rats were divided into four groups (A, B, C, & D), with group A acting as the general control group and was not exposed to any carbon soot particulate matter. Group B, C, and D were exposed subacutely for four hours each day for 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days to varying emission concentrations. Daily exposure measurements were determined using Aeroqual Series 300 Gas Monitor, and average exposure concentration of carbon soot particulate matter (PM 2.5 ), for each exposed group were given as: (1.221 ± 0.169 mg/m 3 , 1.290 ± 0.214 mg/m 3 1.282 ± 0.235 mg/m 3 ). Animals from each group were euthanised on Day 3, 7, 14, 21, and Day 28, respectively. Tissue samples of the lungs and testis were collected for immunohistochemistry and oxidative stress analysis. Discussion /Conclusion : Cytoarchitecture of the lungs and testis via histology and immunohistochemistry, showed inflammatory cell infiltration, thickened alveolar walls, diminished alveolar spaces, hyperaemia, and bronchial epithelial hyperplasia in the lungs of Group B, C, and D animals that were exposed to soot. While cytoarchitecture of the testis revealed a distortion of the Leydig cells, vacuolations and mild vacuolations within the spermatid layer, loss of flagella, and some distortion of seminiferous tubule in the lumen. Notable increase in the mean expression and significant P -values determined by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey’s post hoc test, were observed on Day 14–28 ( P < 0.05) for tumour-necrosis-factor alpha (TNF-α), Day 21–28 ( P < 0.001) for malondialdehyde (MDA), and Day 21 ( P < 0.001) for superoxide dismutase (SOD) expression in the lungs of each of the experimental Group (B, C, D) when compared to the control Group A. Our study provides valuable insights into the health risks associated with exposure to carbon soot particulate matter, thus underscoring the urgent need for necessary control measures to curb air pollution as a result of artisanal refinery activities.
{"title":"Assessment of respiratory and reproductive impacts of artisanal refinery activities on male Albino Wistar rats: implications for environmental health","authors":"Piety Godwill Suku, Ejikeme Ugwoha, Ochuko Felix Orikpete, Daniel Raphael Ejike Ewim","doi":"10.1186/s42269-023-01121-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-023-01121-x","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Artisanal petroleum refining operations have been known to produce a significant volume of air pollutants. The highest concentration of pollutants is generated during the oven heating or crude boiling phase of the operation. The major pollutant is black carbon or soot. Although these operations are widespread, especially in developing countries, the impact of exposure to emissions from artisanal refinery on both respiratory and reproductive health remains poorly understood. Objective This study is aimed to examine the effects of controlled subacute exposure to carbon soot emissions generated during the oven heating phase of the refining process, on the respiratory and reproductive systems of male albino Wistar rats. Methods To simulate the exposure conditions found in artisanal refineries, we developed a replicable fabrication of an artisanal refinery combustion system fitted with an exposure chamber for in vivo studies. 6–8 weeks old adolescent albino Wistar rats were divided into four groups (A, B, C, & D), with group A acting as the general control group and was not exposed to any carbon soot particulate matter. Group B, C, and D were exposed subacutely for four hours each day for 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days to varying emission concentrations. Daily exposure measurements were determined using Aeroqual Series 300 Gas Monitor, and average exposure concentration of carbon soot particulate matter (PM 2.5 ), for each exposed group were given as: (1.221 ± 0.169 mg/m 3 , 1.290 ± 0.214 mg/m 3 1.282 ± 0.235 mg/m 3 ). Animals from each group were euthanised on Day 3, 7, 14, 21, and Day 28, respectively. Tissue samples of the lungs and testis were collected for immunohistochemistry and oxidative stress analysis. Discussion /Conclusion : Cytoarchitecture of the lungs and testis via histology and immunohistochemistry, showed inflammatory cell infiltration, thickened alveolar walls, diminished alveolar spaces, hyperaemia, and bronchial epithelial hyperplasia in the lungs of Group B, C, and D animals that were exposed to soot. While cytoarchitecture of the testis revealed a distortion of the Leydig cells, vacuolations and mild vacuolations within the spermatid layer, loss of flagella, and some distortion of seminiferous tubule in the lumen. Notable increase in the mean expression and significant P -values determined by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey’s post hoc test, were observed on Day 14–28 ( P < 0.05) for tumour-necrosis-factor alpha (TNF-α), Day 21–28 ( P < 0.001) for malondialdehyde (MDA), and Day 21 ( P < 0.001) for superoxide dismutase (SOD) expression in the lungs of each of the experimental Group (B, C, D) when compared to the control Group A. Our study provides valuable insights into the health risks associated with exposure to carbon soot particulate matter, thus underscoring the urgent need for necessary control measures to curb air pollution as a result of artisanal refinery activities.","PeriodicalId":9460,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the National Research Centre","volume":"12 7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135996120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-13DOI: 10.1186/s42269-023-01128-4
Ahmed Badri Abed, Safiye Elif Korcan, Serap Titiz, Serdar Güngör, Ibrahim Erhan Gelgör
Abstract Background Oral geotrichosis is an infection caused by Geotrichum species. It is an uncommon opportunistic oral fungal infection caused mainly by Geotrichum candidum and rarely found in immunocompetent hosts . This report attempted to highlight a case of unusual geotrichosis, which requires accurate observation, as well as indicate the appropriate diagnostic methods that may contribute to eliminating the misdiagnosis of this fungal infection. Case presentation We report of unusual isolation of Geotrichum silvicola and Geotrichum candidum from the oral cavity of a 15-year-old immunocompetent female with a sign of oral geotrichosis. The isolation of Geotrichum silvicola and Geotrichum candidum was performed using Mitis Salivarius Agar. After a month of prescribing appropriate medication and improving oral hygiene, the patient showed the absence of all the signs of geotrichosis without any complaints and an improvement in overall oral health. Conclusions The isolation of Geotrichum silvicola and Geotrichum candidum from the oral cavity of an immunocompetent patient is considered an unusual and rare case that documented for the first time.
{"title":"Oral isolation of Geotrichum silvicola with Geotrichum candidum from immunocompetent teenager with oral Geotrichosis signs: the first documented case report","authors":"Ahmed Badri Abed, Safiye Elif Korcan, Serap Titiz, Serdar Güngör, Ibrahim Erhan Gelgör","doi":"10.1186/s42269-023-01128-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-023-01128-4","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Oral geotrichosis is an infection caused by Geotrichum species. It is an uncommon opportunistic oral fungal infection caused mainly by Geotrichum candidum and rarely found in immunocompetent hosts . This report attempted to highlight a case of unusual geotrichosis, which requires accurate observation, as well as indicate the appropriate diagnostic methods that may contribute to eliminating the misdiagnosis of this fungal infection. Case presentation We report of unusual isolation of Geotrichum silvicola and Geotrichum candidum from the oral cavity of a 15-year-old immunocompetent female with a sign of oral geotrichosis. The isolation of Geotrichum silvicola and Geotrichum candidum was performed using Mitis Salivarius Agar. After a month of prescribing appropriate medication and improving oral hygiene, the patient showed the absence of all the signs of geotrichosis without any complaints and an improvement in overall oral health. Conclusions The isolation of Geotrichum silvicola and Geotrichum candidum from the oral cavity of an immunocompetent patient is considered an unusual and rare case that documented for the first time.","PeriodicalId":9460,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the National Research Centre","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135858282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-13DOI: 10.1186/s42269-023-01124-8
Akeeb Adepoju Fawole, Ochuko Felix Orikpete, Nwakamma Ninduwezuor Ehiobu, Daniel Raphael Ejike Ewim
Abstract Background This paper addresses the escalating global issue of electronic waste (e-waste), a consequence of the burgeoning demand for electronic products coupled with their transient lifespan. The rapid accumulation of e-waste is a significant concern, especially in the context of climate change, necessitating a detailed analysis of current management strategies and the development of sustainable management practices. The intricate relationship between e-waste and climate change is emphasized, illustrating how improper disposal and recycling practices substantially contribute to greenhouse gas emissions. Main body of the abstract A meticulous analysis is conducted to critique the prevailing e-waste management strategies, identifying their shortcomings and the urgent need for enhancement and globalization of these protocols. The paper argues for a fortified, universal approach to e-waste management to address the deficiencies in current methodologies. A set of strategic, sustainable solutions for e-waste management is proposed, encompassing comprehensive regulatory frameworks, advanced recycling technologies, the incorporation of eco-design principles, and the enhancement of consumer awareness. These solutions pivot around the circular economy concept, viewing waste as a valuable resource rather than a disposal predicament, thereby promoting sustainability. Short conclusion The paper concludes that a consolidated, global approach to e-waste management is imperative for addressing the proliferation of discarded electronics and is pivotal in the wider context of mitigating climate change and fostering sustainable development. It underscores the transformative potential of sustainable e-waste management, transforming a formidable challenge into an opportunity for environmental conservation, economic growth, and societal progress, emphasizing the importance of viewing e-waste management as a vehicle for sustainability.
{"title":"Climate change implications of electronic waste: strategies for sustainable management","authors":"Akeeb Adepoju Fawole, Ochuko Felix Orikpete, Nwakamma Ninduwezuor Ehiobu, Daniel Raphael Ejike Ewim","doi":"10.1186/s42269-023-01124-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-023-01124-8","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background This paper addresses the escalating global issue of electronic waste (e-waste), a consequence of the burgeoning demand for electronic products coupled with their transient lifespan. The rapid accumulation of e-waste is a significant concern, especially in the context of climate change, necessitating a detailed analysis of current management strategies and the development of sustainable management practices. The intricate relationship between e-waste and climate change is emphasized, illustrating how improper disposal and recycling practices substantially contribute to greenhouse gas emissions. Main body of the abstract A meticulous analysis is conducted to critique the prevailing e-waste management strategies, identifying their shortcomings and the urgent need for enhancement and globalization of these protocols. The paper argues for a fortified, universal approach to e-waste management to address the deficiencies in current methodologies. A set of strategic, sustainable solutions for e-waste management is proposed, encompassing comprehensive regulatory frameworks, advanced recycling technologies, the incorporation of eco-design principles, and the enhancement of consumer awareness. These solutions pivot around the circular economy concept, viewing waste as a valuable resource rather than a disposal predicament, thereby promoting sustainability. Short conclusion The paper concludes that a consolidated, global approach to e-waste management is imperative for addressing the proliferation of discarded electronics and is pivotal in the wider context of mitigating climate change and fostering sustainable development. It underscores the transformative potential of sustainable e-waste management, transforming a formidable challenge into an opportunity for environmental conservation, economic growth, and societal progress, emphasizing the importance of viewing e-waste management as a vehicle for sustainability.","PeriodicalId":9460,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the National Research Centre","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135854389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-11DOI: 10.1186/s42269-023-01118-6
Muneerah H. Al-jammaz, Abdulrahman Al-kalifah, Nawal Abdullah Al-bader, Maha H. Al-hussain
Abstract Background In recent years, the prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased, leading to the development of various dietary interventions as potential treatments. Two popular diets are time-restricted feeding and low-carbohydrate diets, but there is limited research on the effects of combining them. This study assessed the effects of pairing an eight-hour time-restricted feeding window with a moderate-carbohydrate diet and compared to a paired eight-hour time-restricted feeding window with a regular diet. Results The study involved 52 obese women divided into three groups: the first group followed an 8 h time-restricted feeding with a moderate low-carbohydrate diet (8-hTRF+mLCD), the second group followed an 8 h time-restricted feeding with a regular diet (8-hTRF), and the third group was the control group. Both 8 h TRF+mLCD and 8 h TRF groups had a decrease in TG levels compared to the control group. The HDL levels in both TRF groups were significantly higher than the control group, while LDL levels remained statistically insignificant in both TRF groups. Conclusions This suggests that an 8 h TRF with or without mLCD can effectively treat obesity without a change in physical activity, and combining it with a low-carbohydrate diet gives better and more rapid results.
近年来，超重和肥胖的患病率有所增加，导致各种饮食干预作为潜在的治疗方法的发展。两种流行的饮食是限时饮食和低碳水化合物饮食，但关于两者结合的效果的研究有限。这项研究评估了8小时限时喂养窗口与中等碳水化合物饮食配对的效果，并将8小时限时喂养窗口与常规饮食配对进行了比较。结果将52名肥胖女性分为三组:第一组8 h限时低碳水化合物饮食(8- htrf +mLCD)，第二组8 h限时正常饮食(8- htrf)，第三组为对照组。与对照组相比，8 h TRF+mLCD组和8 h TRF组的TG水平均有所下降。两组患者的HDL水平均显著高于对照组，而LDL水平均无统计学意义。结论:8 h TRF伴或不伴mLCD均可在不改变运动量的情况下有效治疗肥胖，且与低碳水化合物饮食相结合效果更好、更快。
{"title":"The modulation of carbohydrate intake and intermittent fasting in obese Saudi women: a pilot study","authors":"Muneerah H. Al-jammaz, Abdulrahman Al-kalifah, Nawal Abdullah Al-bader, Maha H. Al-hussain","doi":"10.1186/s42269-023-01118-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-023-01118-6","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background In recent years, the prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased, leading to the development of various dietary interventions as potential treatments. Two popular diets are time-restricted feeding and low-carbohydrate diets, but there is limited research on the effects of combining them. This study assessed the effects of pairing an eight-hour time-restricted feeding window with a moderate-carbohydrate diet and compared to a paired eight-hour time-restricted feeding window with a regular diet. Results The study involved 52 obese women divided into three groups: the first group followed an 8 h time-restricted feeding with a moderate low-carbohydrate diet (8-hTRF+mLCD), the second group followed an 8 h time-restricted feeding with a regular diet (8-hTRF), and the third group was the control group. Both 8 h TRF+mLCD and 8 h TRF groups had a decrease in TG levels compared to the control group. The HDL levels in both TRF groups were significantly higher than the control group, while LDL levels remained statistically insignificant in both TRF groups. Conclusions This suggests that an 8 h TRF with or without mLCD can effectively treat obesity without a change in physical activity, and combining it with a low-carbohydrate diet gives better and more rapid results.","PeriodicalId":9460,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the National Research Centre","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136209938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-10DOI: 10.1186/s42269-023-01119-5
Danladi Makeri, Martin Odoki, Emmanuel Eilu, Ezera Agwu
Abstract Background Diabetes mellitus is increasing in Africa, and diabetes-related amputations exacerbated by diabetic foot infection are also prevalent with Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa two priority pathogens playing key roles. Understanding the local epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance profiles of these dominant pathogens is crucial for appropriate antibiotic therapy. Main body of abstract This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to contribute valuable insights that can guide the management of diabetic foot ulcer-related infections in Africa by comprehensively analyzing the available literature on the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in infected diabetic foot ulcers across Africa. We conducted a continent-based literature search utilizing PubMed and Scopus databases on June 11th, 2023, to identify studies conducted in Africa among persons with diabetic foot ulcers that reported isolating bacteria from the foot ulcers. The main concepts related to this research, “diabetic foot ulcers”, “diabetic foot infections”, “bacteria” and “Africa” were expanded with their synonyms and combined using Boolean operators (AND, OR) to formulate the final search query. The selection and inclusion of studies followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA). Our review revealed that approximately 4124 bacteria have been isolated from diabetic foot ulcers across 13 African countries. Staphylococcus aureus is the dominant species with a random effect pooled prevalence of 19.9% (95%CI: [16.19–23.84%]; I 2 = 88.56% [82.26–92.62%]) followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa with 11.8% (95%CI: [8.67–15.23%]; I 2 = 89.95% [84.67–93.41%]). Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) pooled 12.9% (95%CI: [3.99–25.89%]; I 2 = 95.47% [93.68–96.75%]). Multidrug-resistant S.aureus and P. aeruginosa pooled prevalence is 26.4% (95%CI: [17.84–36.06%]; I 2 = 71.16% [49.34–83.58%]) and 41.8% (95%CI: [27.38–56.91%]; I 2 = 78.48% [60.80–88.18%]), respectively. Short conclusion Staphylococcus aureus dominates diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) isolates in Africa contrary to the prevailing assertion about Pseudomonas aeruginosa . However, multidrug resistance among both species is high emphasizing the need for antimicrobial stewardship and utilization of other wound management protocols such as topical silver sulfadiazine (SSD) for the duo.
{"title":"Update on prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from diabetic foot ulcers in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Danladi Makeri, Martin Odoki, Emmanuel Eilu, Ezera Agwu","doi":"10.1186/s42269-023-01119-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-023-01119-5","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Diabetes mellitus is increasing in Africa, and diabetes-related amputations exacerbated by diabetic foot infection are also prevalent with Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa two priority pathogens playing key roles. Understanding the local epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance profiles of these dominant pathogens is crucial for appropriate antibiotic therapy. Main body of abstract This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to contribute valuable insights that can guide the management of diabetic foot ulcer-related infections in Africa by comprehensively analyzing the available literature on the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in infected diabetic foot ulcers across Africa. We conducted a continent-based literature search utilizing PubMed and Scopus databases on June 11th, 2023, to identify studies conducted in Africa among persons with diabetic foot ulcers that reported isolating bacteria from the foot ulcers. The main concepts related to this research, “diabetic foot ulcers”, “diabetic foot infections”, “bacteria” and “Africa” were expanded with their synonyms and combined using Boolean operators (AND, OR) to formulate the final search query. The selection and inclusion of studies followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA). Our review revealed that approximately 4124 bacteria have been isolated from diabetic foot ulcers across 13 African countries. Staphylococcus aureus is the dominant species with a random effect pooled prevalence of 19.9% (95%CI: [16.19–23.84%]; I 2 = 88.56% [82.26–92.62%]) followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa with 11.8% (95%CI: [8.67–15.23%]; I 2 = 89.95% [84.67–93.41%]). Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) pooled 12.9% (95%CI: [3.99–25.89%]; I 2 = 95.47% [93.68–96.75%]). Multidrug-resistant S.aureus and P. aeruginosa pooled prevalence is 26.4% (95%CI: [17.84–36.06%]; I 2 = 71.16% [49.34–83.58%]) and 41.8% (95%CI: [27.38–56.91%]; I 2 = 78.48% [60.80–88.18%]), respectively. Short conclusion Staphylococcus aureus dominates diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) isolates in Africa contrary to the prevailing assertion about Pseudomonas aeruginosa . However, multidrug resistance among both species is high emphasizing the need for antimicrobial stewardship and utilization of other wound management protocols such as topical silver sulfadiazine (SSD) for the duo.","PeriodicalId":9460,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the National Research Centre","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136293585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-06DOI: 10.1186/s42269-023-01120-y
Muzafar Riyaz, Savarimuthu Ignacimuthu
Abstract Background In the present era of scientific and technological advancements, the use of smartphones among people has witnessed a large-scale progression. The camera serves as an important tool on smartphones, and the quality of the built-in camera varies with megapixels. The quality of photography and videography can be enhanced by employing macro lenses that can provide precise and high-quality photographs for the documentation and monitoring of macroorganisms, particularly insects. We used a smartphone-macro lens setup (SPMLS), comprising a Redmi Note 8 Pro and Skyvik Signi-20 mm lens, along with Snapseed for image processing. The SPMLS, costing USD 217, was employed in the Hirpora Wildlife Sanctuary, Kashmir, during May to October 2021 for insect diversity documentation. The aim of this study is to introduce and demonstrate the utility of SPMLS as an affordable and portable photography solution for enhancing image quality in biodiversity documentation, making it accessible to a wide range of users. Results In this study, we report a device that uses a smartphone and macro lens (SPMLS), which is a portable and low-cost photography gear for researchers, photographers, citizen enthusiasts, and the general public who are not able to buy high-end and costly photography equipment for field-based biodiversity studies. The utilization of SPMLS has significantly augmented the image resolution and pixel density, thereby substantially enhancing the overall photographic quality, demonstrating its substantial scientific utility. Conclusions The SPMLS device presented in this study can be useful for researchers, scientists, students, citizen enthusiasts, and common people that are engaged in the biodiversity monitoring and conservation of animal and plant species across the globe. In addition, the post-photography part of this paper provides users with an outlook on image editing, processing, uploading, and marketing of photographs on different platforms.
{"title":"Smart phone-macro lens setup (SPMLS): a low-cost and portable photography device for amateur taxonomists, biodiversity researchers, and citizen enthusiasts","authors":"Muzafar Riyaz, Savarimuthu Ignacimuthu","doi":"10.1186/s42269-023-01120-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-023-01120-y","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background In the present era of scientific and technological advancements, the use of smartphones among people has witnessed a large-scale progression. The camera serves as an important tool on smartphones, and the quality of the built-in camera varies with megapixels. The quality of photography and videography can be enhanced by employing macro lenses that can provide precise and high-quality photographs for the documentation and monitoring of macroorganisms, particularly insects. We used a smartphone-macro lens setup (SPMLS), comprising a Redmi Note 8 Pro and Skyvik Signi-20 mm lens, along with Snapseed for image processing. The SPMLS, costing USD 217, was employed in the Hirpora Wildlife Sanctuary, Kashmir, during May to October 2021 for insect diversity documentation. The aim of this study is to introduce and demonstrate the utility of SPMLS as an affordable and portable photography solution for enhancing image quality in biodiversity documentation, making it accessible to a wide range of users. Results In this study, we report a device that uses a smartphone and macro lens (SPMLS), which is a portable and low-cost photography gear for researchers, photographers, citizen enthusiasts, and the general public who are not able to buy high-end and costly photography equipment for field-based biodiversity studies. The utilization of SPMLS has significantly augmented the image resolution and pixel density, thereby substantially enhancing the overall photographic quality, demonstrating its substantial scientific utility. Conclusions The SPMLS device presented in this study can be useful for researchers, scientists, students, citizen enthusiasts, and common people that are engaged in the biodiversity monitoring and conservation of animal and plant species across the globe. In addition, the post-photography part of this paper provides users with an outlook on image editing, processing, uploading, and marketing of photographs on different platforms.","PeriodicalId":9460,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the National Research Centre","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135352584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-06DOI: 10.1186/s42269-023-01122-w
Toheeb Olalekan Oladejo, Fatai Omeiza Balogun, Usman Abubakar Haruna, Hassan Olayemi Alaka, Joseph Almazan, Musa Saidu Shuaibu, Ibrahim Sheu Adedayo, Zhanerke Ermakhan, Antonio Sarria-Santamerra, Don Lucero-Prisno Eliseo
Abstract Background Globally, climate change is one of the most pressing issues affecting the human race. The health of the Kazakh people is significantly impacted by climate change, which has made Kazakhstan one of the most vulnerable nations in Central Asia. This study reviews the impact of climate change on population health in Kazakhstan and provides recommendations to address these issues. Main body of the abstract This review paper evaluated available evidence and resources, which included journal articles, country reports, World Bank reports, United Nations Development Program reports, and other findings and reports relevant to the issues of climate change and the quality of life of the Kazakh people. The impact of climate change on the country is becoming more pronounced. Floods, deterioration of water quality, melting of glaciers, and extremes of temperature are some of the direct impacts of climate change observed in the country. These changes were shown to affect the health of the population. Short conclusion This review revealed mounting proof of how climate change is having an increasing impact on the lives of people in Kazakhstan. There is now an urgency to address the impact of climate change by implementing various mitigation and adaptation strategies.
{"title":"Climate change in Kazakhstan: implications to population health","authors":"Toheeb Olalekan Oladejo, Fatai Omeiza Balogun, Usman Abubakar Haruna, Hassan Olayemi Alaka, Joseph Almazan, Musa Saidu Shuaibu, Ibrahim Sheu Adedayo, Zhanerke Ermakhan, Antonio Sarria-Santamerra, Don Lucero-Prisno Eliseo","doi":"10.1186/s42269-023-01122-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-023-01122-w","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Globally, climate change is one of the most pressing issues affecting the human race. The health of the Kazakh people is significantly impacted by climate change, which has made Kazakhstan one of the most vulnerable nations in Central Asia. This study reviews the impact of climate change on population health in Kazakhstan and provides recommendations to address these issues. Main body of the abstract This review paper evaluated available evidence and resources, which included journal articles, country reports, World Bank reports, United Nations Development Program reports, and other findings and reports relevant to the issues of climate change and the quality of life of the Kazakh people. The impact of climate change on the country is becoming more pronounced. Floods, deterioration of water quality, melting of glaciers, and extremes of temperature are some of the direct impacts of climate change observed in the country. These changes were shown to affect the health of the population. Short conclusion This review revealed mounting proof of how climate change is having an increasing impact on the lives of people in Kazakhstan. There is now an urgency to address the impact of climate change by implementing various mitigation and adaptation strategies.","PeriodicalId":9460,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the National Research Centre","volume":"173 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135352598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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