In recent years, significant progress has been made in the development of organoids, which offer promising opportunities for developmental and translational research. With advances in cell biology and bioengineering techniques, skin models are evolving from conventional multilayered structures to appendage-bearing spheroids or 3D biomimetic models. This comprehensive review aims to provide an in-depth understanding of organoid models of the skin, covering topics such as skin development, construction strategies and key elements, types of organoid models, biomedical applications, and challenges. Embryonic skin development is briefly introduced to provide a foundational understanding of construction principles. Current engineering strategies are outlined, highlighting key elements such as cell sources, bioengineering techniques, 3D scaffolds, and crucial signaling pathways. Furthermore, recent advances in generating organoids with structural and functional parallels to native skin are meticulously summarized. These developments facilitate the utilization of organoids in diverse applications, such as modeling skin disorders, developing regenerative solutions, and understanding skin development. Finally, the challenges and prospects in the field are discussed. The integration of state-of-the-art bioengineering techniques with a deep understanding of skin biology is promoting the production and biomedical application of these organoid models.
{"title":"Advances in engineered organoid models of skin for biomedical research","authors":"Dongao Zeng, Shikai Li, Fangzhou Du, Yuchen Xia, Jingzhong Zhang, Shuang Yu, Jianhua Qin","doi":"10.1093/burnst/tkaf016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/burnst/tkaf016","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, significant progress has been made in the development of organoids, which offer promising opportunities for developmental and translational research. With advances in cell biology and bioengineering techniques, skin models are evolving from conventional multilayered structures to appendage-bearing spheroids or 3D biomimetic models. This comprehensive review aims to provide an in-depth understanding of organoid models of the skin, covering topics such as skin development, construction strategies and key elements, types of organoid models, biomedical applications, and challenges. Embryonic skin development is briefly introduced to provide a foundational understanding of construction principles. Current engineering strategies are outlined, highlighting key elements such as cell sources, bioengineering techniques, 3D scaffolds, and crucial signaling pathways. Furthermore, recent advances in generating organoids with structural and functional parallels to native skin are meticulously summarized. These developments facilitate the utilization of organoids in diverse applications, such as modeling skin disorders, developing regenerative solutions, and understanding skin development. Finally, the challenges and prospects in the field are discussed. The integration of state-of-the-art bioengineering techniques with a deep understanding of skin biology is promoting the production and biomedical application of these organoid models.","PeriodicalId":9553,"journal":{"name":"Burns & Trauma","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143477373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Poor wound healing is a refractory process that places an enormous medical and financial burden on diabetic patients. Exosomes have recently been recognized as crucial players in the healing of diabetic lesions. They have excellent stability, homing effects, biocompatibility, and reduced immunogenicity as novel cell-free therapies. In addition to transporting cargos to target cells to enhance intercellular communication, exosomes are beneficial in nearly every phase of diabetic wound healing. They participate in modulating the inflammatory response, accelerating proliferation and reepithelization, increasing angiogenesis, and regulating extracellular matrix remodeling. Accumulating evidence indicates that hydrogels or dressings in conjunction with exosomes can prolong the duration of exosome residency in diabetic wounds. This review provides an overview of the mechanisms, delivery, clinical application, engineering, and existing challenges of the use of exosomes in diabetic wound repair. We also propose future directions for biomaterials incorporating exosomes: 2D or 3D scaffolds, biomaterials loaded with wound healing-promoting gases, intelligent biomaterials, and the prospect of systematic application of exosomes. These findings may might shed light on future treatments and enlighten some studies to improve quality of life among diabetes patients.
{"title":"Advances of exosomes in diabetic wound healing","authors":"Weixue Jin, Yi Li, Meirong Yu, Danyang Ren, Chunmao Han, Songxue Guo","doi":"10.1093/burnst/tkae078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/burnst/tkae078","url":null,"abstract":"Poor wound healing is a refractory process that places an enormous medical and financial burden on diabetic patients. Exosomes have recently been recognized as crucial players in the healing of diabetic lesions. They have excellent stability, homing effects, biocompatibility, and reduced immunogenicity as novel cell-free therapies. In addition to transporting cargos to target cells to enhance intercellular communication, exosomes are beneficial in nearly every phase of diabetic wound healing. They participate in modulating the inflammatory response, accelerating proliferation and reepithelization, increasing angiogenesis, and regulating extracellular matrix remodeling. Accumulating evidence indicates that hydrogels or dressings in conjunction with exosomes can prolong the duration of exosome residency in diabetic wounds. This review provides an overview of the mechanisms, delivery, clinical application, engineering, and existing challenges of the use of exosomes in diabetic wound repair. We also propose future directions for biomaterials incorporating exosomes: 2D or 3D scaffolds, biomaterials loaded with wound healing-promoting gases, intelligent biomaterials, and the prospect of systematic application of exosomes. These findings may might shed light on future treatments and enlighten some studies to improve quality of life among diabetes patients.","PeriodicalId":9553,"journal":{"name":"Burns & Trauma","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143462815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is one of the most common and complex complications of diabetes, but the underlying pathophysiology remains unclear. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has been conducted to explore novel cell types or molecular profiles of DFU from various perspectives. This study aimed to comprehensively analyse the potential mechanisms underlying impaired reepithelization of DFU in a single-cell perspective. Methods We conducted scRNA-seq on tissues from human normal skin (NS), acute wound (AW) and DFU to investigate the potential mechanisms underlying impaired epidermal differentiation and the pathological microenvironment. Pseudo-time and lineage inference analyses revealed the distinct states and transition trajectories of epidermal cells under different conditions. Transcription factor analysis revealed the potential regulatory mechanism of key subtypes of keratinocytes. Cell–cell interaction analysis revealed the regulatory network between the proinflammatory microenvironment and epidermal cells. Laser-capture microscopy coupled with RNA sequencing (LCM-seq) and multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) were used to validate the expression and location of key subtypes of keratinocytes. Results Our research provided a comprehensive map of the phenotypic and dynamic changes that occur during epidermal differentiation, alongside the corresponding regulatory networks in DFU. Importantly, we identified two subtypes of keratinocytes: basal cells (BC-2) and diabetes-associated keratinocytes (DAK) that might play crucial roles in the impairment of epidermal homeostasis. BC-2 and DAK showed a marked increase in DFU, with an inactive state and insufficient motivation for epidermal differentiation. BC-2 was involved in the cellular response and apoptosis processes, with high expression of TXNIP, IFITM1 and IL1R2. Additionally, the pro-differentiation transcription factors (TFs) were downregulated in BC-2 in DFU, indicating that the differentiation process might be inhibited in BC-2 in DFU. DAK was associated with cellular glucose homeostasis. Furthermore, increased CCL2 + CXCL2+ fibroblasts, VWA1+ vascular endothelial cells and GZMA+CD8+ T cells were detected in DFU. These changes in the wound microenvironment could regulate the fate of epidermal cells through the TNFSF12-TNFRSF12A, IFNG-IFNGR1/2 and IL-1B-IL1R2 pathways, which might result in persistent inflammation and impaired epidermal differentiation in DFU. Conclusions Our findings offer novel insights into the pathophysiology of DFU and present potential therapeutic targets that could improve wound care and treatment outcomes for diabetic patients.
{"title":"Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the impaired epidermal differentiation and pathological microenvironment in diabetic foot ulcer","authors":"Yiling Liu, Peng Wang, Jingting Li, Lei Chen, Bin Shu, Hanwen Wang, Hengdeng Liu, Shixin Zhao, Junli Zhou, Xiaodong Chen, Julin Xie","doi":"10.1093/burnst/tkae065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/burnst/tkae065","url":null,"abstract":"Background Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is one of the most common and complex complications of diabetes, but the underlying pathophysiology remains unclear. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has been conducted to explore novel cell types or molecular profiles of DFU from various perspectives. This study aimed to comprehensively analyse the potential mechanisms underlying impaired reepithelization of DFU in a single-cell perspective. Methods We conducted scRNA-seq on tissues from human normal skin (NS), acute wound (AW) and DFU to investigate the potential mechanisms underlying impaired epidermal differentiation and the pathological microenvironment. Pseudo-time and lineage inference analyses revealed the distinct states and transition trajectories of epidermal cells under different conditions. Transcription factor analysis revealed the potential regulatory mechanism of key subtypes of keratinocytes. Cell–cell interaction analysis revealed the regulatory network between the proinflammatory microenvironment and epidermal cells. Laser-capture microscopy coupled with RNA sequencing (LCM-seq) and multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) were used to validate the expression and location of key subtypes of keratinocytes. Results Our research provided a comprehensive map of the phenotypic and dynamic changes that occur during epidermal differentiation, alongside the corresponding regulatory networks in DFU. Importantly, we identified two subtypes of keratinocytes: basal cells (BC-2) and diabetes-associated keratinocytes (DAK) that might play crucial roles in the impairment of epidermal homeostasis. BC-2 and DAK showed a marked increase in DFU, with an inactive state and insufficient motivation for epidermal differentiation. BC-2 was involved in the cellular response and apoptosis processes, with high expression of TXNIP, IFITM1 and IL1R2. Additionally, the pro-differentiation transcription factors (TFs) were downregulated in BC-2 in DFU, indicating that the differentiation process might be inhibited in BC-2 in DFU. DAK was associated with cellular glucose homeostasis. Furthermore, increased CCL2 + CXCL2+ fibroblasts, VWA1+ vascular endothelial cells and GZMA+CD8+ T cells were detected in DFU. These changes in the wound microenvironment could regulate the fate of epidermal cells through the TNFSF12-TNFRSF12A, IFNG-IFNGR1/2 and IL-1B-IL1R2 pathways, which might result in persistent inflammation and impaired epidermal differentiation in DFU. Conclusions Our findings offer novel insights into the pathophysiology of DFU and present potential therapeutic targets that could improve wound care and treatment outcomes for diabetic patients.","PeriodicalId":9553,"journal":{"name":"Burns & Trauma","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143434940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-17eCollection Date: 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkae086
Ugo Lancien, Maria Sbeih, Alexandra Poinas, Pierre Perrot, Selim Aractingi, Amir Khammari, Brigitte Dréno
{"title":"An easy and reproducible method for a large-zone deep partial-thickness burn model in the mini-pig.","authors":"Ugo Lancien, Maria Sbeih, Alexandra Poinas, Pierre Perrot, Selim Aractingi, Amir Khammari, Brigitte Dréno","doi":"10.1093/burnst/tkae086","DOIUrl":"10.1093/burnst/tkae086","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9553,"journal":{"name":"Burns & Trauma","volume":"13 ","pages":"tkae086"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11831022/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143440298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background Ischemic injury is a primary cause of distal flap necrosis. Previous studies have shown that Flufenamic acid (FFA) can reduce inflammation, decrease oxidative stress (OS), and promote angiogenesis, suggesting its potential role in protecting flaps from ischemic damage. This study investigated the effects and mechanisms of FFA in enhancing the survival of ischemic flaps. Methods The viability of ischemic flaps was evaluated using laser doppler blood flow (LDBF) and survival rates. We examined levels of pyroptosis, OS, transcription factor E3 (TFE3)-induced autophagy, and elements of the AMPK-TRPML1-Calcineurin pathway through western blotting (WB), immunofluorescence (IF), molecular docking (MD), cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Results The findings suggest that FFA significantly enhances the viability of ischemic flaps. The improvement in flap survival associated with FFA can be attributed to increased autophagy, diminished OS, and the suppression of pyroptosis. Notably, the promotion of autophagy flux and an augmented resistance to OS are instrumental in curbing pyroptosis in these flaps. Activation of TFE3 by FFA promoted autophagy and diminished oxidative damage. The therapeutic effects of FFA were negated when TFE3 levels were decreased using adeno-associated virus (AAV)-TFE3shRNA. Additionally, FFA modified TFE3 activity through the AMPK-TRPML1-Calcineurin pathway. Conclusions FFA promotes ischemic flap survival via induction of autophagy and suppression of oxidative stress by activation of the AMPK-TRPML1-Calcineurin-TFE3 signaling pathway. These findings could have therapeutic implications.
{"title":"Flufenamic acid inhibits pyroptosis in ischemic flaps via the AMPK-TRPML1-Calcineurin signaling pathway","authors":"Liang Chen, Ningning Yang, Kongbin Chen, Yingying Huang, Xian Liu, Gaoxiang Yu, Fulin Wang, Yong Gou, Yi Wang, Xiaolang Lu, Yuqi Wang, Lipeng Zhu, Weiyang Gao, Jian Ding","doi":"10.1093/burnst/tkaf007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/burnst/tkaf007","url":null,"abstract":"Background Ischemic injury is a primary cause of distal flap necrosis. Previous studies have shown that Flufenamic acid (FFA) can reduce inflammation, decrease oxidative stress (OS), and promote angiogenesis, suggesting its potential role in protecting flaps from ischemic damage. This study investigated the effects and mechanisms of FFA in enhancing the survival of ischemic flaps. Methods The viability of ischemic flaps was evaluated using laser doppler blood flow (LDBF) and survival rates. We examined levels of pyroptosis, OS, transcription factor E3 (TFE3)-induced autophagy, and elements of the AMPK-TRPML1-Calcineurin pathway through western blotting (WB), immunofluorescence (IF), molecular docking (MD), cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Results The findings suggest that FFA significantly enhances the viability of ischemic flaps. The improvement in flap survival associated with FFA can be attributed to increased autophagy, diminished OS, and the suppression of pyroptosis. Notably, the promotion of autophagy flux and an augmented resistance to OS are instrumental in curbing pyroptosis in these flaps. Activation of TFE3 by FFA promoted autophagy and diminished oxidative damage. The therapeutic effects of FFA were negated when TFE3 levels were decreased using adeno-associated virus (AAV)-TFE3shRNA. Additionally, FFA modified TFE3 activity through the AMPK-TRPML1-Calcineurin pathway. Conclusions FFA promotes ischemic flap survival via induction of autophagy and suppression of oxidative stress by activation of the AMPK-TRPML1-Calcineurin-TFE3 signaling pathway. These findings could have therapeutic implications.","PeriodicalId":9553,"journal":{"name":"Burns & Trauma","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143434938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haisheng Li, Ni Zhen, Shixu Lin, Ning Li, Yumei Zhang, Wei Luo, Zhenzhen Zhang, Xingang Wang, Chunmao Han, Zhiqiang Yuan, Gaoxing Luo
Background Airway obstruction is a common emergency in acute burns with high mortality. Tracheostomy is the most effective method to keep patency of airway and start mechanical ventilation. However, the indication of tracheostomy is challenging and controversial. We aimed to develop and validate a deployable machine learning (ML)-based decision support system to predict the necessity of tracheostomy for acute burn patients. Methods We enrolled 1011 burn patients from Southwest Hospital (2018–2020) for model development and feature selection. The final model was validated on an independent internal cross-temporal cohort (2021, n = 274) and an external cross-institutional cohort (Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine 2020–2021, n = 376). To improve the model’s deployment and interpretability, an ML-based nomogram, an online calculator, and an abbreviated scale were constructed and validated. Results The optimal model was the eXtreme Gradient Boosting classifier (XGB), which achieved an AUROC of 0.973 and AUPRC of 0.879 in training dataset, and AUROCs of greater than 0.95 in both cross-temporal and cross-institutional validation. Moreover, it kept stable discriminatory ability in validation subgroups stratified by sex, age, burn area, and inhalation injury (AUROC ranging 0.903–0.990). The analysis of calibration curve, decision curve, and score distribution proved the feasibility and reliability of the ML-based nomogram, abbreviated scale, and online calculator. Conclusions The developed system has strong predictive ability and generalizability in cross-temporal and cross-institutional evaluations. The nomogram, online calculator, and abbreviated scale based on machine learning show comparable prediction performance and can be deployed in broader application scenarios, especially in resource-limited clinical environments.
{"title":"Deployable machine learning-based decision support system for tracheostomy in acute burn patients","authors":"Haisheng Li, Ni Zhen, Shixu Lin, Ning Li, Yumei Zhang, Wei Luo, Zhenzhen Zhang, Xingang Wang, Chunmao Han, Zhiqiang Yuan, Gaoxing Luo","doi":"10.1093/burnst/tkaf010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/burnst/tkaf010","url":null,"abstract":"Background Airway obstruction is a common emergency in acute burns with high mortality. Tracheostomy is the most effective method to keep patency of airway and start mechanical ventilation. However, the indication of tracheostomy is challenging and controversial. We aimed to develop and validate a deployable machine learning (ML)-based decision support system to predict the necessity of tracheostomy for acute burn patients. Methods We enrolled 1011 burn patients from Southwest Hospital (2018–2020) for model development and feature selection. The final model was validated on an independent internal cross-temporal cohort (2021, n = 274) and an external cross-institutional cohort (Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine 2020–2021, n = 376). To improve the model’s deployment and interpretability, an ML-based nomogram, an online calculator, and an abbreviated scale were constructed and validated. Results The optimal model was the eXtreme Gradient Boosting classifier (XGB), which achieved an AUROC of 0.973 and AUPRC of 0.879 in training dataset, and AUROCs of greater than 0.95 in both cross-temporal and cross-institutional validation. Moreover, it kept stable discriminatory ability in validation subgroups stratified by sex, age, burn area, and inhalation injury (AUROC ranging 0.903–0.990). The analysis of calibration curve, decision curve, and score distribution proved the feasibility and reliability of the ML-based nomogram, abbreviated scale, and online calculator. Conclusions The developed system has strong predictive ability and generalizability in cross-temporal and cross-institutional evaluations. The nomogram, online calculator, and abbreviated scale based on machine learning show comparable prediction performance and can be deployed in broader application scenarios, especially in resource-limited clinical environments.","PeriodicalId":9553,"journal":{"name":"Burns & Trauma","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143434939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wound healing is a complex biological process involving multiple steps, including hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. A novel form of regulated cell death, ferroptosis, has garnered attention because of its involvement in these processes. Ferroptosis is characterized by the accumulation of lipid peroxides and is tightly regulated by lipid metabolism, iron metabolism, and the lipid-peroxide repair network, all of which exert a significant influence on wound healing. This review highlights the current findings and emerging concepts regarding the multifaceted roles of ferroptosis throughout the stages of normal and chronic wound healing. Additionally, the potential of targeted interventions aimed at modulating ferroptosis to improve wound-healing outcomes is discussed.
{"title":"The emerging role and therapeutical implications of ferroptosis in wound healing","authors":"Yanan Zhao, Zhiyang Chen, Shenghao Xie, Feng Xiao, Qian Hu, Zhenyu Ju","doi":"10.1093/burnst/tkae082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/burnst/tkae082","url":null,"abstract":"Wound healing is a complex biological process involving multiple steps, including hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. A novel form of regulated cell death, ferroptosis, has garnered attention because of its involvement in these processes. Ferroptosis is characterized by the accumulation of lipid peroxides and is tightly regulated by lipid metabolism, iron metabolism, and the lipid-peroxide repair network, all of which exert a significant influence on wound healing. This review highlights the current findings and emerging concepts regarding the multifaceted roles of ferroptosis throughout the stages of normal and chronic wound healing. Additionally, the potential of targeted interventions aimed at modulating ferroptosis to improve wound-healing outcomes is discussed.","PeriodicalId":9553,"journal":{"name":"Burns & Trauma","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143417388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xichao Jian, Yaping Deng, Shune Xiao, Fang Qi, Chengliang Deng
Diabetic wounds present a significant challenge in clinical treatment and are characterized by chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, impaired angiogenesis, peripheral neuropathy, and a heightened risk of infection during the healing process. By creating small channels in the surface of the skin, microneedle technology offers a minimally invasive and efficient approach for drug delivery and treatment. This article begins by outlining the biological foundation of normal skin wound healing and the unique pathophysiological mechanisms of diabetic wounds. It then delves into the various types, materials, and preparation processes of microneedles. The focus is on the application of multifunctional microneedles in diabetic wound treatment, highlighting their antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, angiogenic and neural repair properties. These multifunctional microneedles demonstrate synergistic therapeutic effects by directly influencing the wound microenvironment, ultimately accelerating the healing of diabetic wounds. The advancement of microneedle technology not only holds promise for enhancing the treatment outcomes of diabetic wounds but also offers new strategies for addressing other chronic wounds.
{"title":"Microneedles in diabetic wound care: multifunctional solutions for enhanced healing","authors":"Xichao Jian, Yaping Deng, Shune Xiao, Fang Qi, Chengliang Deng","doi":"10.1093/burnst/tkae076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/burnst/tkae076","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetic wounds present a significant challenge in clinical treatment and are characterized by chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, impaired angiogenesis, peripheral neuropathy, and a heightened risk of infection during the healing process. By creating small channels in the surface of the skin, microneedle technology offers a minimally invasive and efficient approach for drug delivery and treatment. This article begins by outlining the biological foundation of normal skin wound healing and the unique pathophysiological mechanisms of diabetic wounds. It then delves into the various types, materials, and preparation processes of microneedles. The focus is on the application of multifunctional microneedles in diabetic wound treatment, highlighting their antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, angiogenic and neural repair properties. These multifunctional microneedles demonstrate synergistic therapeutic effects by directly influencing the wound microenvironment, ultimately accelerating the healing of diabetic wounds. The advancement of microneedle technology not only holds promise for enhancing the treatment outcomes of diabetic wounds but also offers new strategies for addressing other chronic wounds.","PeriodicalId":9553,"journal":{"name":"Burns & Trauma","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143417387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin and acts as the primary barrier to protect the body. Dendritic epidermal T cells (DETCs), which are specifically distributed in epidermal tissues, play a crucial role in skin immune surveillance and wound healing. DETCs are one of the most important components of the epidermis and exert a steady-state monitoring function, facilitating wound healing and tissue regeneration after skin injury. Skin wounds are often linked to other pathological conditions such as ageing, ultraviolet radiation, and metabolic diseases such as diabetes mellitus and obesity. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate how DETCs regulate themselves and the external environment during these pathological states. DETCs interact closely with keratinocytes in the epidermis, and this intercellular interaction may be essential for maintaining health and integrity. In this review, we focus on the characteristics and underlying mechanisms of DETCs in maintaining epidermal homeostasis and re-epithelialization in different pathological states.
{"title":"Roles of dendritic epidermal T cells in steady and different pathological states","authors":"Jiaqi Hao, Jie Zhang, Yan Liu","doi":"10.1093/burnst/tkae056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/burnst/tkae056","url":null,"abstract":"The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin and acts as the primary barrier to protect the body. Dendritic epidermal T cells (DETCs), which are specifically distributed in epidermal tissues, play a crucial role in skin immune surveillance and wound healing. DETCs are one of the most important components of the epidermis and exert a steady-state monitoring function, facilitating wound healing and tissue regeneration after skin injury. Skin wounds are often linked to other pathological conditions such as ageing, ultraviolet radiation, and metabolic diseases such as diabetes mellitus and obesity. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate how DETCs regulate themselves and the external environment during these pathological states. DETCs interact closely with keratinocytes in the epidermis, and this intercellular interaction may be essential for maintaining health and integrity. In this review, we focus on the characteristics and underlying mechanisms of DETCs in maintaining epidermal homeostasis and re-epithelialization in different pathological states.","PeriodicalId":9553,"journal":{"name":"Burns & Trauma","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143393620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aline Yen Ling Wang, Huang-Kai Kao, Yen-Yu Liu, Charles Yuen Yung Loh
The engineered extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from pluripotent stem cells are a new concept in regenerative medicine. These vesicles are secreted from the embryonic stem cells as well as the induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and are involved in the transfer of bioactive molecules required for cell signaling. This review describes the possibilities for their use in the modification of therapeutic approaches in regenerative medicine and targeted therapies. Pluripotent stem cells can differentiate into various cell types which can be useful for tissue engineering or to generate models of diseases in a dish. Compared to cell therapies, engineered EVs are characterized by lower immunogenicity, higher targetability, and improved stability. Some of the applications are angiogenic, tissue restorative, immunomodulatory, and gene therapies for the treatment of certain diseases. iPSC-derived engineered EVs find application in regenerative medicine, drug delivery systems, diagnostics of diseases, and hydrogel systems. In regenerative medicine, they can promote the restoration of cardiac, bone, cartilage, and corneal tissues. Engineered EVs are also employed in drug targeting to particular sites as well as in the diagnosis of diseases based on biomarkers and improving image contrast. Hydrogels that contain EVs provide a depot-based delivery system to slowly release drugs in a controlled manner which enhances tissue repair. Thus, the results described above demonstrate the potential of engineered PSC-EVs for various biomedical applications. Future work will be directed toward expanding the knowledge of engineered PSC-EVs and their possibilities to create new therapeutic approaches based on the functions of these vesicles.
{"title":"Engineered Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Pluripotent Stem Cells: A Cell-Free Approach to Regenerative Medicine","authors":"Aline Yen Ling Wang, Huang-Kai Kao, Yen-Yu Liu, Charles Yuen Yung Loh","doi":"10.1093/burnst/tkaf013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/burnst/tkaf013","url":null,"abstract":"The engineered extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from pluripotent stem cells are a new concept in regenerative medicine. These vesicles are secreted from the embryonic stem cells as well as the induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and are involved in the transfer of bioactive molecules required for cell signaling. This review describes the possibilities for their use in the modification of therapeutic approaches in regenerative medicine and targeted therapies. Pluripotent stem cells can differentiate into various cell types which can be useful for tissue engineering or to generate models of diseases in a dish. Compared to cell therapies, engineered EVs are characterized by lower immunogenicity, higher targetability, and improved stability. Some of the applications are angiogenic, tissue restorative, immunomodulatory, and gene therapies for the treatment of certain diseases. iPSC-derived engineered EVs find application in regenerative medicine, drug delivery systems, diagnostics of diseases, and hydrogel systems. In regenerative medicine, they can promote the restoration of cardiac, bone, cartilage, and corneal tissues. Engineered EVs are also employed in drug targeting to particular sites as well as in the diagnosis of diseases based on biomarkers and improving image contrast. Hydrogels that contain EVs provide a depot-based delivery system to slowly release drugs in a controlled manner which enhances tissue repair. Thus, the results described above demonstrate the potential of engineered PSC-EVs for various biomedical applications. Future work will be directed toward expanding the knowledge of engineered PSC-EVs and their possibilities to create new therapeutic approaches based on the functions of these vesicles.","PeriodicalId":9553,"journal":{"name":"Burns & Trauma","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143393622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：