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Abstract 4538: Global and phosphoproteomic analysis of AML cell line response to phosphatase inhibitor treatment 摘要:AML细胞系对磷酸酶抑制剂治疗反应的全局和磷酸化蛋白质组学分析
Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.SABCS18-4538
P. Piehowski, J. Mcdermott, J. Hansen, S. Savage, C. Tognon, A. Agarwal, J. Tyner, B. Druker, K. Rodland
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引用次数: 0
Abstract 3642: Combination nanotherapy using the PARP inhibitor talazoparib and cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor dinaciclib 摘要3642:PARP抑制剂talazoparib和细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶抑制剂dinaciclib联合纳米治疗
Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.AM2019-3642
P. Baldwin, Adrienne M. Orriols, S. Sridhar
Introduction: PARP inhibitors exploit defects in DNA repair pathways to selectively target cancerous cells. As such, Talazoparib (TLZ), a potent PARP inhibitor, offers a way to target the biology of a number of cancers with DNA repair defects until these tumors develop resistance. PARP inhibitors must be used in combination with other inhibitors or chemotherapeutics to reverse resistance and sensitize non-responsive tumors. Dinaciclib, a potent cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor, has been shown to sensitize both BRCA wild-type tumors and PARP inhibitor resistant tumors to PARP inhibition through disruption of homologous recombination. In clinical trials, Talazoparib and Dinaciclib have both demonstrated hematologic toxicities, suggesting a combination of these drugs would result in compounded toxicity, leading to dose reduction and an ineffective combination. Nanoparticle delivery systems offer a means to modify the toxicity profiles of these drugs and enhance the therapeutic window, therefore allowing for effective combination treatment. Methods: Separate nanoformulations of Talazoparib (NanoTLZ) and Dinaciclib (NanoDCB) were optimized, and pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics assessed. Nanoformulations were tested alone and in combination in vitro to ensure NanoDCB could sensitize a model with no known DNA repair defects to NanoTLZ. The combination of the two nanoformulations was then assessed for efficacy and toxicity in orthotopic MDA-MB-231 xenografts. Results: Robust formulations of NanoTLZ and NanoDCB were developed. Each nanoformulation extended the half-life of the drug it encapsulates. A constant low dose of Dinaciclib sensitized MDA-MB-231 cells to Talazoparib, significantly lowering the IC50 value. As a single agent NanoDCB was more effective in vitro than free Dinaciclib. In vivo, the combination of the two nanoformulations was more effective than either single nanoformulation or the combination of the two free drugs. Assessments of hematologic toxicities are underway, but thus far, there were no signs of gross toxicity in the combination therapy group. Conclusions: The combination of NanoDCB and NanoTLZ has provided an effective method for sensitizing tumors to PARP inhibition that are otherwise nonresponsive to this therapy. The development of two separate nanoformulations has allowed for tailored dosing. These long-circulating nanoformulations have proven more effective than the free drugs in stabilizing tumor growth and were well tolerated. This work was supported by ARMY/W81XWH-16-1-0731. Citation Format: Paige Baldwin, Adrienne Orriols, Srinivas Sridhar. Combination nanotherapy using the PARP inhibitor talazoparib and cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor dinaciclib [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3642.
简介:PARP抑制剂利用DNA修复途径中的缺陷,选择性地靶向癌细胞。因此,Talazoparib (TLZ),一种有效的PARP抑制剂,提供了一种靶向许多具有DNA修复缺陷的癌症的生物学方法,直到这些肿瘤产生耐药性。PARP抑制剂必须与其他抑制剂或化疗药物联合使用,以逆转耐药和使无反应的肿瘤增敏。Dinaciclib是一种有效的细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶(CDK)抑制剂,已被证明可以通过破坏同源重组使BRCA野生型肿瘤和PARP抑制剂耐药肿瘤对PARP抑制敏感。在临床试验中,Talazoparib和Dinaciclib均显示出血液学毒性,提示这两种药物合用会导致复合毒性,导致剂量减少,合用无效。纳米颗粒输送系统提供了一种方法来改变这些药物的毒性特征并增加治疗窗口,因此允许有效的联合治疗。方法:对Talazoparib (NanoTLZ)和Dinaciclib (NanoDCB)的分离纳米配方进行优化,并进行药动学和药效学评价。研究人员对纳米配方进行了单独和联合体外测试,以确保纳米odcb能够使没有已知DNA修复缺陷的模型对纳米otlz敏感。然后评估这两种纳米制剂在原位MDA-MB-231异种移植物中的疗效和毒性。结果:制备出了纳米otlz和纳米odcb的稳定配方。每一种纳米制剂都延长了它所包裹的药物的半衰期。持续低剂量的Dinaciclib使MDA-MB-231细胞对Talazoparib增敏,显著降低IC50值。作为单药,纳米odcb在体外比游离的地那西利更有效。在体内,两种纳米制剂的组合比单一纳米制剂或两种游离药物的组合更有效。血液学毒性的评估正在进行中,但到目前为止,在联合治疗组中没有明显的毒性迹象。结论:NanoDCB和NanoTLZ的联合治疗提供了一种有效的方法,使肿瘤对PARP抑制变得敏感,否则对这种治疗没有反应。两种独立的纳米配方的发展使得量身定制的剂量成为可能。这些长期循环的纳米制剂已被证明在稳定肿瘤生长方面比游离药物更有效,并且耐受性良好。这项工作由ARMY/W81XWH-16-1-0731支持。引文格式:Paige Baldwin, Adrienne Orriols, Srinivas Sridhar。PARP抑制剂talazoparib和周期蛋白依赖性激酶抑制剂dinaciclib联合纳米治疗[摘要]。摘自:2019年美国癌症研究协会年会论文集;2019年3月29日至4月3日;亚特兰大,乔治亚州。费城(PA): AACR;癌症杂志,2019;79(13增刊):摘要3642。
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引用次数: 1
Abstract 2757: Discovery and characterization of covalent Pin1 inhibitors targeted to an active site cysteine 摘要:针对半胱氨酸活性位点的共价Pin1抑制剂的发现和表征
Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.AM2019-2757
Benika J. Pinch, Zainab M. Doctor, Christopher M Browne, H. Seo, Behnam Nabet, S. Kozono, Xiaolan Lian, D. Zaidman, Dina Daitchman, N. London, L. Gong, Theresa D. Manz, Yujin Chun, L. Tan, J. Marto, S. Buratowski, S. Dhe-Paganon, Xiao Zhen Zhou, K. Lu, N. Gray
Proline-directed phosphorylation at serine or threonine residues (pSer/Thr-Pro) regulates numerous cellular processes, including the cell cycle, transcription, and differentiation. Deregulation of such signaling networks is a hallmark of transformation and oncogenesis. Pin1, a peptidyl-prolyl isomerase, regulates the function and stability of phosphoproteins by catalyzing the cis/trans isomerization of pSer/Thr-Pro motifs. Pin1 is frequently overexpressed in human cancers, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), and Pin1 is required for activated Ras to induce tumorigenesis. While mutations in KRAS are observed in 90-95% of human PDAC cases, it has historically proven very challenging to develop small molecules that inhibit mutant Ras function. Consequently, drug discovery efforts have turned to targets required for Ras-mediated transformation, such as Pin1. However, existing Pin1 inhibitors lack the potency, selectivity, and/or cell permeability to serve as informative cellular probes. We report a highly potent, cell-permeable Pin1 inhibitor that covalently targets Cys113, a conserved cysteine residue in the Pin1 active site. Through iterative rounds of synthesis and characterization, we developed inhibitor 1b. With a Ki of 15 nM as measured in biochemical binding and isomerase inhibition assays, 1bis currently the most potent Pin1 inhibitor available. Furthermore, in a chemoproteomic study using Covalent Inhibitor Target Site Identification (CITe-Id) to quantify the dose-dependent covalent labeling of 1b to individual cysteines across the proteome, Pin1 Cys113 was the only identified target, highlighting the pronounced selectivity of 1b for Pin1. We show that treatment with 1b diminishes viability of human PDAC cell lines, which can be fully rescued in corresponding Pin1 knockout cells generated using CRISPR/Cas9, showing that this phenotype is on-target. In parallel to inhibitor development, we used CRISPR/Cas9 GFP-dropout screens to further validate the dependence of these cell lines on Pin1. Genetic disruption of Pin1 led to antiproliferative effects, confirming the results of 1b treatment. We also employed the degradation tag (dTAG) approach to assess the effects of rapid and selective targeted Pin1 degradation through generation of FKBP12F36V-Pin1, Pin1-/-human PDAC cell lines. Treatment with a small molecule FKBP12F36V-degrader led to rapid ubiquitination and degradation of FKBP12F36V-Pin1, enabling comparisons of targeted inhibition and Pin1 degradation. Through the development of a selective Pin1 inhibitor coupled with genetic approaches and the chemical-genetic dTAG strategy, we demonstrate that Pin1 inhibition represents a tractable strategy in PDAC. Citation Format: Benika Pinch, Zainab Doctor, Christopher M. Browne, Hyuk-Soo Seo, Behnam Nabet, Shingo Kozono, Xiaolan Lian, Daniel Zaidman, Dina Daitchman, Nir London, Lu Gong, Theresa Manz, Yujin Chun, Li Tan, Jarrod Marto, Stephen Buratowski, Sirano Dhe-Paganon, Xiao Zhou,
脯氨酸导向的丝氨酸或苏氨酸残基磷酸化(pSer/Thr-Pro)调节许多细胞过程,包括细胞周期、转录和分化。这种信号网络的放松管制是转化和肿瘤发生的标志。Pin1是一种肽基脯氨酸异构酶,通过催化pSer/Thr-Pro基序的顺式/反式异构化来调节磷酸化蛋白的功能和稳定性。Pin1在人类癌症中经常过表达,包括胰腺导管腺癌(PDAC),并且Pin1是激活Ras诱导肿瘤发生所必需的。虽然在90-95%的人类PDAC病例中观察到KRAS突变,但历史证明,开发抑制突变Ras功能的小分子非常具有挑战性。因此,药物发现工作已转向ras介导转化所需的靶标,如Pin1。然而,现有的Pin1抑制剂缺乏效力、选择性和/或细胞渗透性,无法作为信息丰富的细胞探针。我们报道了一种高效的、细胞渗透性的Pin1抑制剂,共价靶向Pin1活性位点的保守半胱氨酸残基Cys113。经过反复的合成和表征,我们开发出了抑制剂1b。在生化结合和异构酶抑制实验中测出的Ki值为15 nM,是目前可用的最有效的Pin1抑制剂。此外,在一项化学蛋白质组学研究中,使用共价抑制剂靶点鉴定(CITe-Id)来量化1b对蛋白质组中单个半胱氨酸的剂量依赖性共价标记,Pin1 Cys113是唯一确定的靶标,突出了1b对Pin1的明显选择性。我们发现,用1b处理降低了人类PDAC细胞系的活力,这些细胞系可以在使用CRISPR/Cas9产生的相应的Pin1敲除细胞中完全恢复,这表明这种表型是靶向的。在抑制剂开发的同时,我们使用CRISPR/Cas9 GFP-dropout筛选来进一步验证这些细胞系对Pin1的依赖性。Pin1的遗传破坏导致抗增殖作用,证实了1b治疗的结果。我们还采用降解标签(dTAG)方法,通过生成FKBP12F36V-Pin1, Pin1-/-人PDAC细胞系来评估快速和选择性靶向Pin1降解的影响。用小分子fkbp12f36v降解物处理导致FKBP12F36V-Pin1快速泛素化和降解,从而可以比较靶向抑制和Pin1降解。通过开发一种选择性Pin1抑制剂,结合遗传方法和化学-遗传dTAG策略,我们证明了Pin1抑制在PDAC中是一种可处理的策略。引文格式:Benika Pinch, Zainab Doctor, Christopher M. Browne, Hyuk-Soo Seo, Behnam Nabet, Shingo Kozono, Lian Xiaolan, Daniel Zaidman, Dina Daitchman, Nir London, Lu Gong, Theresa Manz, Yujin Chun, Li Tan, Jarrod Marto, Stephen Buratowski, Sirano Dhe-Paganon, Xiao Zhou, Kun Ping Lu, Nathanael S. Gray针对半胱氨酸活性位点的共价Pin1抑制剂的发现和表征[摘要]。摘自:2019年美国癌症研究协会年会论文集;2019年3月29日至4月3日;亚特兰大,乔治亚州。费城(PA): AACR;癌症杂志,2019;79(13增刊):2757。
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引用次数: 1
Abstract 4455: Discovery of AMG 510, a first-in-human covalent inhibitor of KRASG12Cfor the treatment of solid tumors 摘要:AMG 510是首个用于治疗实体肿瘤的krasg12c共价抑制剂
Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.AM2019-4455
B. Lanman, J. Chen, Longbin Liu, Patricia Lopez, Alexander J. Pickrell, Anthony B. Reed, Hui-Ling Wang, Pragathi Achanta, J. Canon, D. Erlanson, R. Fucini, Jeong Joon Won, C. Mohr, A. Y. Saiki, V. Cee, J. Lipford, K. Rex, Laurie P. Volak
The RAS gene family encodes the small GTPase proteins NRAS, HRAS, and KRAS, which play an essential role in cellular growth and proliferation. KRAS is one of the most frequently mutated oncogenes in human cancer, with KRAS p.G12D, p.G12V, and p.G12C constituting the major mutational subtypes across lung, colon, and pancreatic cancers. Despite more than three decades of research, indirect approaches targeting KRAS mutant cancers have largely failed to show clinical benefit, and direct approaches have been stymied by the apparently ‘undruggable’ nature of KRAS. Cysteine-12 of KRASG12C has recently emerged as a unique vulnerability in KRAS-mutant cancers, and a small number of cysteine-reactive inhibitory tool molecules have been disclosed. We here report independent efforts to identify cysteine-reactive molecules capable of selectively inhibiting KRASG12C. Through iterative screening and structural biology efforts, we identified a novel Cys12-reactive inhibitor scaffold that derived its potency from occupancy of a previously unknown cryptic pocket induced by side-chain motion of the His95 residue of KRAS. Employing a scaffold-hopping approach, we leveraged knowledge of this cryptic pocket to design a series of N-aryl quinazolin-2(1H)-one-based inhibitors that demonstrated significantly enhanced potency relative to prior tool compounds. Extensive optimization of these leads led to the identification of a highly potent, selective, and well-tolerated inhibitor of KRASG12C, which was nominated for clinical development as AMG 510. In preclinical tumor models, AMG 510 rapidly and irreversibly binds to KRASG12C, providing durable suppression of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Dosed orally (once daily) as a single agent, AMG 510 is capable of inducing tumor regression in mouse models of KRASG12C cancer. AMG 510 is, to the best of our knowledge, the first direct KRASG12C therapeutic to reach human clinical testing and is currently in a Phase I clinical trial evaluating safety, tolerability, PK, and efficacy in subjects with solid tumors bearing the KRAS p.G12C mutation (NCT03600883). Citation Format: Brian A. Lanman, Jian Jeffrey Chen, Longbin Liu, Patricia Lopez, Alexander J. Pickrell, Anthony B. Reed, Hui-Ling Wang, Pragathi Achanta, Jude Canon, Daniel A. Erlanson, Raymond V. Fucini, Joon Won Jeong, Christopher Mohr, Anne Y. Saiki, Victor J. Cee, J. Russell Lipford, Karen Rex, Laurie P. Volak. Discovery of AMG 510, a first-in-human covalent inhibitor of KRASG12C for the treatment of solid tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4455.
RAS基因家族编码GTPase小蛋白NRAS、HRAS和KRAS,在细胞生长和增殖中起重要作用。KRAS是人类癌症中最常见的突变癌基因之一,KRAS p.G12D、p.G12V和p.G12C构成了肺癌、结肠癌和胰腺癌的主要突变亚型。尽管经过了30多年的研究,针对KRAS突变癌症的间接方法在很大程度上未能显示出临床益处,而直接方法则受到KRAS明显的“不可药物”性质的阻碍。KRASG12C的半胱氨酸-12最近在kras突变癌症中作为一个独特的易感性出现,并且已经披露了少量半胱氨酸反应性抑制工具分子。我们在此报告了鉴定能够选择性抑制KRASG12C的半胱氨酸反应性分子的独立努力。通过反复筛选和结构生物学的努力,我们确定了一种新的cys12反应性抑制剂支架,其效力来源于KRAS His95残基侧链运动诱导的先前未知的隐口袋的占据。采用支架跳跃方法,我们利用这种隐口袋的知识设计了一系列基于n-芳基喹唑啉-2(1H)- 1的抑制剂,与先前的工具化合物相比,这些抑制剂的效力显着增强。对这些引线进行了广泛的优化,鉴定出了一种高效、选择性和耐受性良好的KRASG12C抑制剂,该抑制剂被提名为AMG 510进行临床开发。在临床前肿瘤模型中,AMG 510快速且不可逆地与KRASG12C结合,提供对丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)信号通路的持久抑制。AMG 510作为单药口服(每日1次),能够诱导KRASG12C癌小鼠模型的肿瘤消退。据我们所知,AMG 510是第一个直接进入人体临床试验的KRASG12C治疗药物,目前正在进行I期临床试验,评估KRAS p.G12C突变(NCT03600883)实体肿瘤患者的安全性、耐受性、PK和有效性。引文格式:Brian A. Lanman, Jian Jeffrey Chen,刘龙彬,Patricia Lopez, Alexander J. Pickrell, Anthony B. Reed, Wang Hui-Ling, Pragathi Achanta, Jude Canon, Daniel A. Erlanson, Raymond V. Fucini, Joon Won Jeong, Christopher Mohr, Anne Y. Saiki, Victor J. Cee, J. Russell Lipford, Karen Rex, Laurie P. Volak。AMG 510,首个用于治疗实体肿瘤的KRASG12C共价抑制剂的发现[摘要]。摘自:2019年美国癌症研究协会年会论文集;2019年3月29日至4月3日;亚特兰大,乔治亚州。费城(PA): AACR;癌症杂志,2019;79(13增刊):摘要nr 4455。
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引用次数: 1
Abstract 4529: Mapping the protein interactome of mitochondrial intermembrane space proteases identifies a novel function for HTRA2 摘要:绘制线粒体膜间空间蛋白酶的蛋白相互作用组,确定了HTRA2的新功能
Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.SABCS18-4529
Aaron Botham, É. Coyaud, Sanjit Nirmalanandhan, M. Gronda, R. Hurren, N. Maclean, Jonathan St. Germain, S. Mirali, E. Laurent, B. Raught, A. Schimmer
Mitochondria possess unique proteases that localize to specific sub-compartments of the organelle. However, the functions of these proteases are largely ill-defined. Here, we used proximity-dependent biotinylation (BioID) to map the interactomes of seven proteases located in the intermembrane space of the mitochondria. The mitochondrial intermembrane space proteases HTRA2, OMA1, YME1L1, LACTB, IMMP1L, IMMP2L and PARL were cloned in-frame with the abortive E. coli biotin ligase BirA*, and expressed in 293 T-REx cells. Cell culture media was spiked with biotin for 24 hrs, the cells lysed, and biotinylated proteins were isolated and identified by mass spectrometry. In total, we identified 342 different proteins as high confidence interactors of the seven mitochondrial proteases. Of these, 272 are assigned a GO mitochondrial annotation, and 230 proteins interacted with only 1 or 2 proteases in our dataset. Validation efforts were focused on high temperature requirement peptidase A 2 (HTRA2). HTRA2 is a serine protease that is released into the cytoplasm during apoptosis where it binds Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins (IAPs). However, little is known about the function of HTRA2 in the mitochondria. HTRA2 interacted with 60 mitochondrial, 11 nuclear and 4 cytoplasmic proteins, including its known interactor XIAP, and consistent with its known localization to these cellular compartments. HTRA2 interacted with 8 out of 13 components of the MIB complex, a multiprotein assembly that is essential for proper mitochondrial cristae formation. Knockdown of HTRA2 with shRNA in 293T-REx cells disrupted cristae formation and this phenotype was rescued by expression of an shRNA-resistant HTRA2 cDNA. Compared to normal hematopoietic cells, HTRA2 mRNA expression levels are increased in a subgroup of primary AML cells. HTRA2 knockdown in OCI-AML2 leukemia cells led to a similar disruption of mitochondrial cristae. Knockdown of HTRA2 in OCI-AML2 cells led to increased levels of the MIB subunit IMMT, but not two other MIB complex subunits, SAMM50 and CHCHD3. Finally, in cell-free assays, we demonstrate that recombinant HTRA2 can degrade recombinant IMMT, but not SAMM50 or CHCHD3.Thus, we have mapped the interactomes of the proteases of the mitochondrial intermembrane space. Through this effort, we discovered that HTRA2 regulates protein levels of the MIB complex subunit IMMT and that disruption of this process affects mitochondrial cristae formation. Citation Format: Aaron D. Botham, Etienne Coyaud, Sanjit Nirmalanandhan, Marcela Gronda, Rose Hurren, Neil Maclean, Jonathan St. Germain, Sara Mirali, Estelle Laurent, Brian Raught, Aaron Schimmer. Mapping the protein interactome of mitochondrial intermembrane space proteases identifies a novel function for HTRA2 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4529.
线粒体具有独特的蛋白酶,可定位于细胞器的特定亚室。然而,这些蛋白酶的功能在很大程度上是不明确的。在这里,我们使用邻近依赖的生物素化(BioID)来绘制位于线粒体膜间空间的七个蛋白酶的相互作用组。将线粒体膜间隙蛋白酶HTRA2、OMA1、YME1L1、LACTB、IMMP1L、IMMP2L和PARL与流产的大肠杆菌生物素连接酶BirA*在框架内克隆,并在293 T-REx细胞中表达。细胞培养基中加入生物素24小时,细胞裂解,分离生物素化蛋白,并通过质谱法鉴定。总的来说,我们确定了342种不同的蛋白质作为7种线粒体蛋白酶的高置信度相互作用物。其中,272个被分配了GO线粒体注释,230个蛋白质在我们的数据集中仅与1或2个蛋白酶相互作用。验证工作集中在高温要求肽酶a2 (HTRA2)上。HTRA2是一种丝氨酸蛋白酶,在细胞凋亡过程中释放到细胞质中,并与凋亡蛋白抑制剂(IAPs)结合。然而,我们对HTRA2在线粒体中的功能知之甚少。HTRA2与60个线粒体蛋白、11个核蛋白和4个细胞质蛋白相互作用,包括已知的相互作用因子XIAP,并与已知的这些细胞区室定位一致。HTRA2与MIB复合体的13个组分中的8个相互作用,MIB复合体是一种多蛋白组合,对线粒体嵴的形成至关重要。在293T-REx细胞中,shRNA敲低HTRA2会破坏嵴的形成,这种表型通过shRNA抗性HTRA2 cDNA的表达得以恢复。与正常造血细胞相比,HTRA2 mRNA表达水平在原发性AML细胞亚群中升高。OCI-AML2白血病细胞中的HTRA2敲低导致线粒体嵴的类似破坏。OCI-AML2细胞中HTRA2的敲低导致MIB亚基IMMT水平升高,但对其他两个MIB复合亚基SAMM50和CHCHD3没有影响。最后,在无细胞实验中,我们证明重组HTRA2可以降解重组IMMT,但不能降解SAMM50或CHCHD3。因此,我们绘制了线粒体膜间空间蛋白酶的相互作用组。通过这项工作,我们发现HTRA2调节MIB复合物亚基IMMT的蛋白水平,并且该过程的破坏会影响线粒体嵴的形成。引文格式:Aaron D. Botham, Etienne Coyaud, Sanjit Nirmalanandhan, Marcela Gronda, Rose Hurren, Neil Maclean, Jonathan St. Germain, Sara Mirali, Estelle Laurent, Brian Raught, Aaron Schimmer。绘制线粒体膜间空间蛋白酶的蛋白相互作用组,确定了HTRA2的新功能[摘要]。摘自:2019年美国癌症研究协会年会论文集;2019年3月29日至4月3日;亚特兰大,乔治亚州。费城(PA): AACR;癌症杂志,2019;79(13增刊):4529。
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引用次数: 0
Abstract 989: The relationship between TP53 gene status and carboxylesterase 2 expression in human gastric cancer 摘要:胃癌组织中TP53基因状态与羧酸酯酶2表达的关系
Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.AM2019-989
Yoshinori Kohira, Hyeon-Cheol Lee, Momoko Ishimine, H. Orita, Toshiyuki Kobayashi, Koich Sato, T. Yokomizo, T. Fukunaga
Carboxylesterases are serine hydrolases that are involved in the metabolisms of various endogenous and exogenous compounds. They are also required for activation of many anti-cancer prodrugs. For example, irinotecan (CPT-11), an anti-cancer prodrug that has been approved for the treatment of many types of solid tumors including gastric cancer, is converted by the carboxylesterase CES2 to its active metabolite 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothesin (SN-38), a very potent topoisomerase I inhibitor. Among carboxylesterase isozymes, CES2 is most highly expressed in the gastrointestinal tract. Thus, the expression of CES2 may play an important role in local (i.e., intratumoral) activation of anti-cancer prodrugs such as irinotecan in the gut. Recent studies with cultured cancer cell lines have shown that CES2 expression is regulated by the tumor suppressor protein p53. However, whether CES2 expression is affected by the presence of p53 mutation in clinical cancer samples still remains unclear. In this study, we focused on the regulatory mechanism of CES2 expression in gastric cancer. First, we examined the relationship between TP53 gene status and CES2 expression using gastric cancer cell lines. Several gastric cancer cell lines expressing wild-type p53 (AGS, NUGC4, MKN74, and HSC58) were treated with nutlin-3a, a drug that inhibits the interaction between p53 and the E3 ubiquitin ligase MDM2 and thereby directly activates p53 signaling without genotoxic side effects. The expression of p21, a downstream target of p53, was increased following nutlin-3a treatment in two p53 wild-type cell lines NUGC4 and HSC58. The expression of CES2 was also upregulated by nutlin-3a in three p53 wild-type cell lines AGS, NUGC4, and HSC58. As expected, the expression levels of p21 and CES2 were not largely affected by nutlin-3a in gastric cancer cell lines with TP53 mutations. These results indicate that CES2 expression is positively regulated by the p53 pathway in most gastric cancer cells. We also investigated the relationship between TP53 gene status and CES2 expression in human gastric cancer samples. Our results may provide useful information for predicting the efficacy of anti-cancer prodrugs that are activated by CES2 in gastric cancer. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Yoshinori Kohira, Hyeon-Cheol Lee, Momoko Ishimine, Hajime Orita, Toshiyuki Kobayashi, Koichi Sato, Takehiko Yokomizo, Tetsu Fukunaga. The relationship between TP53 gene status and carboxylesterase 2 expression in human gastric cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 989.
羧酸酯酶是丝氨酸水解酶,参与各种内源性和外源性化合物的代谢。它们也是激活许多抗癌前药所必需的。例如,伊立替康(CPT-11)是一种抗癌前药,已被批准用于治疗多种类型的实体肿瘤,包括胃癌,它可以通过羧酸酯酶CES2转化为其活性代谢物7-乙基-10-羟基喜树碱(SN-38),这是一种非常有效的拓扑异构酶I抑制剂。在羧酸酯酶同工酶中,CES2在胃肠道中表达最高。因此,CES2的表达可能在肠内局部(即肿瘤内)激活伊立替康等抗癌前药中发挥重要作用。最近对培养的癌细胞系的研究表明,CES2的表达受肿瘤抑制蛋白p53的调节。然而,临床肿瘤样本中p53突变是否会影响CES2的表达尚不清楚。在本研究中,我们重点研究CES2在胃癌中的表达调控机制。首先,我们利用胃癌细胞系检测了TP53基因状态与CES2表达之间的关系。几种表达野生型p53的胃癌细胞系(AGS, NUGC4, MKN74和HSC58)用nutlin-3a治疗,这种药物抑制p53与E3泛素连接酶MDM2之间的相互作用,从而直接激活p53信号传导,无基因毒性副作用。在两种p53野生型细胞系NUGC4和HSC58中,nutlin-3a处理后p53的下游靶点p21的表达增加。在三种p53野生型细胞系AGS、nuggc4和HSC58中,nutlin-3a也上调了CES2的表达。正如预期的那样,在TP53突变的胃癌细胞系中,p21和CES2的表达水平没有受到nutlin-3a的很大影响。这些结果表明,在大多数胃癌细胞中,CES2的表达受到p53通路的正调控。我们还研究了胃癌样本中TP53基因状态与CES2表达的关系。我们的结果可能为预测CES2激活的抗癌前药在胃癌中的疗效提供有用的信息。注:本摘要未在会议上提交。引文格式:Kohira Yoshinori, hyon - cheol Lee, Momoko Ishimine, Hajime Orita, Toshiyuki Kobayashi, Koichi Sato, Takehiko Yokomizo, Tetsu Fukunaga。人胃癌中TP53基因状态与羧酸酯酶2表达的关系[摘要]。摘自:2019年美国癌症研究协会年会论文集;2019年3月29日至4月3日;亚特兰大,乔治亚州。费城(PA): AACR;癌症杂志2019;79(13增刊):摘要第989期。
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引用次数: 0
Abstract 13: Structure elucidation, metabolism, and drug interaction potential of ACP-5862, an active, major, circulating metabolite of acalabrutinib 摘要:阿卡拉布替尼主要活性代谢产物ACP-5862的结构解析、代谢和药物相互作用潜力
Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.AM2019-13
T. Podoll, Paul G. Pearson, Jerry B. Evarts, Timothy G Ingallinera, Hao Sun, S. Byard, A. Fretland, J. Greg Slatter
Acalabrutinib (Calquence®) is a potent, selective, orally administered, covalent inhibitor of Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) that received accelerated approval for relapsed/refractory mantle cell lymphoma from the US FDA in October 2017. Profiling of acalabrutinib metabolites in human plasma revealed a late-eluting, +16 Da metabolite circulating at concentrations higher than parent drug. Metabolite regiochemistry could not be determined by mass spectrometry. In vitro metabolism and preparative HPLC was used to generate a pure sample of the metabolite for structural characterization by NMR. Confirmatory chemical synthesis revealed a pyrrolidine ring-opened ketone. The structure of the metabolite, designated ACP-5862, and a smaller -2 Da peak, identified as dehydropyrrolidine, M25, inferred a common carbinolamide intermediate in their genesis. Both metabolites retained the butynamide electrophile responsible for the inactivation of BTK. In vitro studies on the inhibition of BTK and related Tec and Src kinases revealed that ACP-5862 was active against BTK with similar selectivity and potency to acalabrutinib (Kaptein et al, 2019) This work then investigated the in vitro metabolism and drug transport features of acalabrutinib, and the metabolite ACP-5862, to establish the potential for clinical drug-drug interactions (DDI) via CYPs, UGTs and drug transporters. CYP reaction phenotyping indicated CYP3A4 was responsible for both the formation and further metabolism of ACP-5862. Km and Vmax values for the formation of ACP-5862 using rCYP3A4 were 2.78 μM and 4.13 pmol/pmol CYP/min, respectively. The in vitro intrinsic clearance of ACP-5862 was 23.6 μL/min/mg. Acalabrutinib weakly inhibited CYP2C8, CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 in vitro, and ACP-5862 weakly inhibited CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, with no inhibition of CYP1A2, CYP2B6, or CYP2D6. Similarly, UGT1A1, UGT2B7, and aldehyde oxidase were not inhibited. Neither parent or ACP-5862 strongly induced CYP1A2, CYP2B6, or CYP3A4 mRNA. Acalabrutinib and ACP-5862 were substrates of MDR1 and BCRP in vitro, but were not substrates of OATP1B1 or OATP1B3. Acalabrutinib was not a substrate of OAT1, OAT3, and OCT2. Based on static PK model calculations, acalabrutinib may cause a modest increase in exposure to coadministered BCRP substrates by inhibition of intestinal BCRP, but with no inhibition of BCRP at the systemic level. The PK of substrates of MDR1, MATE1, MATE2-K, OATP1B1, OATP1B3, OAT1, OAT3, and OCT2 are not likely to be altered by acalabrutinib or ACP-5862. These data were combined with clinical DDI data (Izumi et al, 2017) to simulate DDI in the presence of CYP3A inhibitors and inducers. PBPK models confirmed that acalabrutinib and ACP-5862 were not likely to perpetrate CYP2C8 or CYP3A4 mediated drug interactions (Zhou et al., 2019). Overall, acalabrutinib and major metabolite, ACP-5862 have a favorable drug interaction profile. Citation Format: Terry Podoll, Paul G. Pearson, Jerry Evarts, Tim Ingallinera, Hao Sun, Stephen By
Acalabrutinib (Calquence®)是一种有效的、选择性的、口服的布鲁顿酪氨酸激酶(BTK)共价抑制剂,于2017年10月获得美国FDA加速批准,用于治疗复发/难治性套细胞淋巴瘤。阿卡拉布替尼在人血浆中的代谢物分析显示,晚期洗脱,+16 Da代谢物循环浓度高于母体药物。代谢物区域化学不能用质谱法测定。体外代谢和制备高效液相色谱法生成了一个纯的代谢物样品,并通过核磁共振进行了结构表征。验证性化学合成发现一个吡咯烷开环酮。代谢物ACP-5862的结构和较小的-2 Da峰,确定为脱氢吡咯烷,M25,推断它们的起源是一种常见的碳酰胺中间体。两种代谢物都保留了导致BTK失活的丁酰胺亲电试剂。体外对BTK及其相关Tec和Src激酶的抑制研究表明,ACP-5862对BTK具有活性,其选择性和效力与阿卡拉布替尼相似(Kaptein et al, 2019)。本工作随后研究了阿卡拉布替尼及其代谢物ACP-5862的体外代谢和药物转运特性,以确定通过CYPs、UGTs和药物转运体进行临床药物相互作用(DDI)的可能性。CYP3A4反应表型表明CYP3A4参与了ACP-5862的形成和进一步代谢。使用rCYP3A4形成ACP-5862的Km和Vmax分别为2.78 μM和4.13 pmol/pmol CYP/min。ACP-5862体外固有清除率为23.6 μL/min/mg。阿卡拉布替尼体外弱抑制CYP2C8、CYP2C9、CYP3A4, ACP-5862体外弱抑制CYP2C9、CYP2C19,对CYP1A2、CYP2B6、CYP2D6无抑制作用。同样,UGT1A1、UGT2B7和醛氧化酶未被抑制。亲本或ACP-5862均未强烈诱导CYP1A2、CYP2B6或CYP3A4 mRNA。Acalabrutinib和ACP-5862是MDR1和BCRP的底物,而不是OATP1B1或OATP1B3的底物。阿卡拉布替尼不是OAT1、OAT3和OCT2的底物。基于静态PK模型计算,阿卡拉布替尼可能通过抑制肠道BCRP而导致BCRP底物暴露适度增加,但在全身水平上没有抑制BCRP。MDR1、MATE1、MATE2-K、OATP1B1、OATP1B3、OAT1、OAT3和OCT2底物的PK不太可能被阿卡拉布替尼或ACP-5862改变。将这些数据与临床DDI数据(Izumi et al ., 2017)相结合,模拟CYP3A抑制剂和诱诱剂存在下的DDI。PBPK模型证实阿卡拉布替尼和ACP-5862不太可能发生CYP2C8或CYP3A4介导的药物相互作用(Zhou et al., 2019)。总的来说,阿卡拉布替尼和主要代谢物ACP-5862具有良好的药物相互作用特征。引用格式:Terry Podoll, Paul G. Pearson, Jerry Evarts, Tim Ingallinera, Hao Sun, Stephen Byard, Adrian J. Fretland, J. Greg slater。ACP-5862的结构解析、代谢和药物相互作用潜力,ACP-5862是阿卡拉布替尼的一个活性的、主要的循环代谢物[摘要]。摘自:2019年美国癌症研究协会年会论文集;2019年3月29日至4月3日;亚特兰大,乔治亚州。费城(PA): AACR;癌症杂志,2019;79(13增刊):摘要第13期。
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引用次数: 5
Abstract 6: Computationally assisted target screening of STING agonist for immunologic therapy 摘要:计算辅助免疫治疗STING激动剂的靶点筛选
Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.AM2019-6
Grace Binder, Christine S. Gambino, A. Kharitonova, Rainer Metcalf, K. Daniel, W. Guida
Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is a receptor protein involved in the propagation of innate immune sensing of cytosolic DNA through the production of IFN-β. Mechanistic studies have shown IFN-β production within the tumor microenvironment can result in activation of tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell immunity that can lead to tumor regression [1, 2]. STING activation by STING agonists should result in innate T-cell mediated anti-tumor immunity in the tumor microenvironment and have significant potential as a cancer therapeutic. Conversely, inhibition of STING would lead to a decreased production of IFN-β which could have implications in the treatment of autoimmune disease such as lupus erythematosus. MD equilibrated crystal structures for human HAQ, REF, and WT alleles were clustered to find optimal conformations for diverse chemical library screening. Novel consensus docking protocols utilizing rigid receptor, induced fit, and quantum polarized ligand docking were applied for quantifying and refining proposed binding mechanisms of STING isoforms. Models for STING agonists and antagonists were developed. From directed virtual screening, a novel low-molecular-weight organic molecule (GF3-002) that is not based on a cyclic dinucleotide was found as a potential STING activator and is currently under investigation. GF3-002 and analogs were synthesized and structures were confirmed with LCMS and proton NMR. Both the HAQ and WT alleles, representing 78.3% of the human population were tested against compounds and controls. 2,3-cGAMP and DMSO were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. Microscale thermophoresis and SPR confirmed binding of GF3-002 to WT STING CTD with a kD of 3.2 ± 1.7 μM. IFN-dependent luciferase expression was measured by luminescence in THP-1 monocytic leukemia cells and found an EC50 of 29 ± 1.6 μM, compared to the native ligand 2,3-cGAMP EC50 of 42 ± 4.1 μM. Finally, qPCR was used quantify production of IFN-β via treatment of dendritic cells with GF3-002. 1. Sali, Characterization of a Novel Human-Specific STING Agonist that Elicits Antiviral Activity Against Emerging Alphaviruses. 2017. 2. Corrales, L., et al., Direct activation of STING in the tumor microenvironment leads to potent and systemic tumor regression and immunity. Cell reports, 2015. 11(7): p. 1018-1030. Citation Format: Grace A. Binder, Christine S. Gambino, Anna Kharitonova, Rainer S. Metcalf, Kenyon G. Daniel, Wayne C. Guida. Computationally assisted target screening of STING agonist for immunologic therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 6.
干扰素基因刺激因子(STING)是一种受体蛋白,通过产生干扰素-β参与细胞质DNA先天免疫感知的繁殖。机制研究表明,肿瘤微环境中IFN-β的产生可激活肿瘤抗原特异性CD8+ t细胞免疫,从而导致肿瘤消退[1,2]。由STING激动剂激活STING可在肿瘤微环境中产生先天t细胞介导的抗肿瘤免疫,具有重要的癌症治疗潜力。相反,抑制STING会导致IFN-β的产生减少,这可能对红斑狼疮等自身免疫性疾病的治疗有影响。对人类HAQ、REF和WT等位基因的MD平衡晶体结构进行聚类,以找到适合多种化学文库筛选的最佳构象。采用刚性受体、诱导配合和量子极化配体对接的新型共识对接方案,量化和完善了STING异构体的结合机制。建立了STING激动剂和拮抗剂模型。通过定向虚拟筛选,发现了一种新的低分子量有机分子(GF3-002),它不是基于环二核苷酸,是一种潜在的STING激活剂,目前正在研究中。合成了GF3-002及其类似物,并用LCMS和质子核磁共振对其结构进行了确证。对HAQ和WT等位基因(占人口总数的78.3%)与化合物和对照进行了检测。2,3- cgamp和DMSO分别作为阳性对照和阴性对照。微尺度热电泳和SPR证实GF3-002与WT STING CTD结合,kD为3.2±1.7 μM。荧光法检测THP-1单核细胞中ifn依赖性荧光素酶的表达,发现其EC50为29±1.6 μM,而天然配体2,3- cgamp的EC50为42±4.1 μM。最后,通过用GF3-002处理树突状细胞,使用qPCR定量产生IFN-β。1. Sali,一种新的人类特异性STING激动剂的表征,引发对新出现的甲型病毒的抗病毒活性。2017。2. Corrales, L.,等。在肿瘤微环境中直接激活STING可导致强效的全身肿瘤消退和免疫。Cell报告,2015年。11(7): p. 1018-1030。引文格式:Grace A. Binder, Christine S. Gambino, Anna Kharitonova, Rainer S. Metcalf, Kenyon G. Daniel, Wayne C. Guida。免疫治疗中STING激动剂的计算辅助靶标筛选[摘要]。摘自:2019年美国癌症研究协会年会论文集;2019年3月29日至4月3日;亚特兰大,乔治亚州。费城(PA): AACR;癌症杂志,2019;79(13增刊):摘要第6期。
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引用次数: 10
Abstract 1856: Targeting human telomeres by binding of epiberberine to telomeric G-quadruplex 摘要1856:通过结合麻黄素与端粒g -四重体靶向人类端粒
Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.AM2019-1856
Clement Lin, Guanhui Wu, Kai-Bo Wang, B. Onel, S. Sakai, Danzhou Yang
Human telomeres play critical roles in cancer, aging, and genetic stability. Human telomeric DNA consists of tandem repeats of the sequence d(TTAGGG) and can form G-quadruplexes. G-quadruplexes are non-canonical DNA secondary structures formed in G-rich sequences, built upon the H-bonded G-tetrads and stabilized by monovalent cations such as K+ or Na+. Telomerase is a reverse transcriptase activated in 80-85% of human cancers. Small molecules that stabilize the telomeric G-quadruplex have been demonstrated to inhibit telomerase and disrupt telomere capping and maintenance, resulting in cancer cell apoptosis. Thus, the human telomeric G-quadruplex is considered an attractive target for anticancer drug development. G-quadruplexes formed in human telomeres are structurally polymorphic. The hybrid-2 G-quadruplex is the major form in the wild-type human telomeric DNA in the physiologically relevant K+ solution. Protoberberines are medicinal natural products with anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. We show for the first time that a small molecule (epiberberine) specifically binds and induces the physiologically relevant hybrid-2 human telomeric G-quadruplex and converts other telomeric G-quadruplexes to the hybrid-2 structure, the first such small molecule reported. We determined the molecular structure of the 1:1 complex of epiberberine and hybrid-2 human telomeric G-quadruplex in K+ solution by NMR, which elucidates the molecular basis for this specific recognition. Epiberberine binding induces extensive rearrangement of the previously disordered 5′ flanking and loop segments to form an unprecedented four-layer binding pocket specific to the hybrid-2 human telomeric G-quadruplex. Epiberberine recruits the flanking (-1) adenine to form a “quasi-triad” intercalated between the external G-tetrad and a T:T:A triad, capped by a T:T base-pair. The crucial hydrogen-bonded pair is observed between epiberberine and the flanking (-1) adenine in the human telomeric sequences. This strong recognition determines the epiberberine’s ability to convert other human telomeric G-quadruplex structures to the hybrid-2 structure, regardless of the presence and types of monovalent cation in solution. The deep intercalation of epiberberine in this multi-layer binding pocket explains the significant fluorescence enhancement of epiberberine induced by human telomeric sequences in K+. Our study provides structural insights into rational design of small molecule drugs targeting the hybrid-2 G-quadruplex predominant in the human telomeres in physiologically relevant K+ solution. Furthermore, the human telomeric sequence is polymorphic in nature and various G-quadruplexes can exist in dynamic equilibrium, the discovery of epiberberine provides a potential means to study the specific protein interactions and biological functions of the hybrid-2 telomeric G-quadruplex. Citation Format: Clement Lin, Guanhui Wu, Kaibo Wang, Buket Onel, Saburo Sakai, Danzhou Yang. Targeting h
人类端粒在癌症、衰老和遗传稳定性中起着关键作用。人类端粒DNA由序列d的串联重复序列(TTAGGG)组成,并可形成g -四联体。g -四聚体是在富g序列中形成的非规范DNA二级结构,建立在h键g -四聚体上,并由K+或Na+等一价阳离子稳定。端粒酶是一种逆转录酶,在80% -85%的人类癌症中被激活。稳定端粒g -四重体的小分子已被证明可以抑制端粒酶,破坏端粒的封顶和维持,导致癌细胞凋亡。因此,人类端粒g -四重体被认为是抗癌药物开发的一个有吸引力的靶标。人类端粒中形成的g -四联体具有结构多态性。在生理相关的K+溶液中,杂交- 2g四重体是野生型人类端粒DNA的主要形式。原小檗碱是一种具有抗癌和抗炎作用的天然药物。我们首次发现一种小分子(小檗碱)特异性结合并诱导了生理上相关的人类端粒g -四plex,并将其他端粒g -四plex转化为hybrid-2结构,这是第一次报道这样的小分子。我们通过核磁共振(NMR)在K+溶液中测定了小檗碱与杂交-2人类端粒g -四重体的1:1配合物的分子结构,从而阐明了这种特异性识别的分子基础。Epiberberine结合诱导先前无序的5 '侧翼和环段的广泛重排,形成一个前所未有的四层结合口袋,这是人类杂交-2端粒g -四重体所特有的。黄连素招募侧翼(-1)腺嘌呤形成一个“准三联体”,插入外部g四联体和T:T: a三联体之间,以T:T碱基对为上限。在人类端粒序列中,在小檗碱和侧(-1)腺嘌呤之间观察到关键的氢键对。这种强烈的识别决定了小檗碱将其他人类端粒g -四重体结构转化为杂交-2结构的能力,而不管溶液中是否存在和类型的单价阳离子。小檗碱在这个多层结合口袋中的深嵌入解释了人类端粒序列在K+中诱导的小檗碱的显著荧光增强。我们的研究为合理设计小分子药物提供了结构上的见解,这些药物靶向在生理相关的K+溶液中在人类端粒中占主导地位的hybrid- 2g -四重体。此外,人类端粒序列在本质上是多态性的,多种g -四重体可以在动态平衡中存在,因此,小檗碱的发现为研究杂交-2端粒g -四重体的特异性蛋白质相互作用和生物学功能提供了潜在的手段。引用格式:Clement Lin, guan anhui Wu, Kaibo Wang, Buket Onel, Saburo Sakai, Danzhou Yang。通过结合麻黄素与端粒g -四重体靶向人类端粒[摘要]。摘自:2019年美国癌症研究协会年会论文集;2019年3月29日至4月3日;亚特兰大,乔治亚州。费城(PA): AACR;癌症杂志,2019;79(13增刊):摘要第1856期。
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引用次数: 1
Abstract 3626: Develop novel nanoparticle formulations of disulfiram copper for cancer therapy 摘要:研制新型纳米双硫铜用于癌症治疗
Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.SABCS18-3626
Wu Chen, Wen Yang, Landon F. Stewart, David T. Coombs, Jianzhong Shen, Pengyu Chen, Feng Li
Despite remarkable progress in cancer treatment, drug resistance remains a significant issue for prostate cancer, breast cancer, and others. Disulfiram (DSF), an alcohol-aversion drug, has been repurposed for cancer treatment and overcome drug resistance. DSF and copper ions form a copper diethyldithiocarbamate (Cu-DSF) complex which has a potent anticancer activity. However, the poor aqueous solubility of Cu-DSF creates a significant formulation challenge, and there is no formulation available for clinical use. We developed a S tabilized M etal I on L igand Nanocompl e x ( SMILE ) technology to prepare Cu-DSF nanoparticle (NP) formulations where in situ formed DSF-Cu NPs were stabilized by an optimal amount of stabilizers ( e.g. poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(lactide)). The SMILE technology involves a novel formulation design and an innovative preparation process using a 3D-printed microfluidic device. After optimizing the protocol, we can prepare Cu-DSF NPs with size in the sub-100 nm range which are suitable for intravenous injection and can target solid tumors through enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effects. Cu-DSF NPs prepared with SMILE method showed high drug loading efficiency (above 90%) and high drug concentration (at least 2 mg/mL). The drug concentration of Cu-DSF NPs developed in our study was much higher than those in micelle NP formulations prepared with the classical film-dispersion method. Since we used generally recognized as safe (GRAS) excipients approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or other excipients with well-recognized safety profiles, the developed NP formulations will have less regulatory hurdle for FDA approval. Because of the novel preparation process and unique formulation design, the SMILE technology can produce Cu-DSF NPs on a large scale and thus paved the way for its mass production and commercialization. We also determined the anticancer effects of Cu-DSF NPs with multiple assays including MTT assay, colony-forming assay, calcein-AM/propidium iodide staining, and others. Cu-DSF NPs showed excellent anticancer activity against various prostate cancer and breast cancer cells as well as drug-resistant cancer cells. In summary, we developed a novel SMILE method to prepare Cu-DSF NP formulations which could address drug delivery and formulation challenges of DSF-based chemotherapy and facilitate the clinical translation. Citation Format: Wu Chen, Wen Yang, Landon F. Stewart, David T. Coombs, Jianzhong Shen, Pengyu Chen, Feng LI. Develop novel nanoparticle formulations of disulfiram copper for cancer therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3626.
尽管癌症治疗取得了显著进展,但对于前列腺癌、乳腺癌和其他癌症来说,耐药性仍然是一个重大问题。二硫仑(DSF)是一种抗酒精药物,已被重新用于癌症治疗,并克服了耐药性。DSF与铜离子形成二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸铜(Cu-DSF)配合物,具有很强的抗癌活性。然而,Cu-DSF的水溶性差给配方带来了重大挑战,目前还没有可用于临床的配方。我们开发了一种S稳定的金属I - L配体纳米复合物(SMILE)技术来制备Cu-DSF纳米颗粒(NP)配方,其中原位形成的DSF-Cu纳米颗粒通过最佳数量的稳定剂(例如聚乙二醇-聚丙交酯)来稳定。SMILE技术涉及一种新颖的配方设计和使用3d打印微流体装置的创新制备工艺。优化方案后,我们可以制备尺寸在亚100 nm范围内的Cu-DSF NPs,适合静脉注射,并通过增强渗透性和滞留性(EPR)作用靶向实体肿瘤。SMILE法制备的Cu-DSF NPs具有载药效率高(90%以上)、药浓度高(至少2 mg/mL)的特点。本研究制备的Cu-DSF NPs的药物浓度远高于传统膜分散法制备的胶束NP。由于我们使用了美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)批准的公认安全(GRAS)辅料或其他公认安全的辅料,因此开发的NP配方将减少FDA批准的监管障碍。SMILE技术由于其新颖的制备工艺和独特的配方设计,可以大规模生产Cu-DSF NPs,从而为其大规模生产和商业化铺平了道路。我们还通过MTT法、集落形成法、钙黄蛋白am /碘化丙啶染色等多种方法确定了Cu-DSF NPs的抗癌作用。Cu-DSF NPs对多种前列腺癌、乳腺癌细胞及耐药癌细胞均表现出良好的抗肿瘤活性。总之,我们开发了一种新的SMILE方法来制备Cu-DSF NP制剂,可以解决基于dsf的化疗药物传递和制剂挑战,并促进临床转化。引用格式:陈武,杨文,Landon F. Stewart, David T. Coombs,沈建忠,陈鹏宇,李峰。开发新型纳米双硫铜制剂用于癌症治疗[摘要]。摘自:2019年美国癌症研究协会年会论文集;2019年3月29日至4月3日;亚特兰大,乔治亚州。费城(PA): AACR;癌症杂志,2019;79(13增刊):摘要3626。
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Cancer Chemistry
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