Caries Research最新文献

Introduction: Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is promoted as biomimetic material in dentistry. The aim of the study was to investigate whether HAP-containing formulations can reduce erosive/abrasive tissue loss and to analyse components in these formulations.

Methods: Two HAP toothpastes with and two without fluoride and a HAP mouthrinse were investigated, controls were active agent-free toothpaste, SnF2 toothpaste and F/Sn mouthrinse. For 10 days, human enamel samples were eroded for 2 min, 6×/day in 0.5% citric acid and immersed for 2 min, 2×/day in toothpaste slurries or mouthrinse. Half were additionally brushed for 15 s, 2×/day. The particulate fraction was extracted and examined morphologically and with element analyses. Other parameters were REA, RDA, fluoride and calcium content.

Results: The F/Sn mouthrinse almost completely prevented tissue loss; none of the HAP formulations reduced tissue loss compared to the negative control, two increased it instead. Brushing increased tissue loss in all groups except the F/Sn mouthrinse. All toothpastes contained amorphous particles of different sizes. Elemental analysis identified Si and O, and additionally, Ca and P were present in small amounts on the particles of the HAP toothpastes and one HAP+F toothpaste. In the liquid phase, elevated calcium levels were found in one HAP toothpaste and in both HAP+F toothpastes; in the formulation with the highest value, the fluoride concentration was low. REA and RDA values were not associated with tissue loss.

Conclusions: Whether alone or in combination with fluoride, HAP formulations had either no or a detrimental effect on erosive tissue loss and could not reduce abrasion. In the context of erosive tooth wear, HAP seems to be neither an alternative to fluoride nor a suitable supplement to it.

Introduction: This study aimed to examine the effects of age, period (historical events), and cohort (generational impact) (APC) on caries prevalence and mean DMFT among Singapore schoolchildren from 2007 to 2019.

Methods: Anonymised records of all 6-year-old primary 1 (P1), 11-year-old primary 6 (P6), and 14-year-old secondary 3 (S3) students before the start of each school year between 2007 and 2019 were extracted from the Integrated Dental Electronic Assessment System (IDEAS), categorised by school level, ethnicity, and sex. Poisson regression and partial least squares regressions were applied to estimate APC effects.

Results: In total, 502,339 P1, 535,579 P6, and 496,725 S3 records were included from 2007 to 2019, with 1,058,589 (69.0%) Chinese, 187,948 (12.2%) Malay, and 152,618 (9.9%) Indian students; 245,447 (48.8%) P1, 259,389 (48.4%) P6, and 243,941 (49.1%) S3 students were girls. Overall, the APC effects on caries prevalence and mean DMFT showed a strong age effect, with the lowest prevalence in the youngest P1 group and the highest in the oldest S3 group. Period and cohort effects were identified, with the prevalence decreasing among those born after 1995 and the lowest prevalence rate in 2013. Similarly, period and cohort effects on mean DMFT were also detected, with decreased mean DMFT after period 2009 and the highest mean DMFT (0.72 in P6 and 1.13 in S3) in cohort 1995.

Conclusion: Caries prevalence and DMFT increased with age. While both decreased in individuals born after 1995, mean DMFT began to rise again in those born after 2003.

Introduction: The present study aimed to identify the 100 most-cited articles concerning atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) through a bibliometric analysis.

Methods: The search was conducted in the Web of Science database in December 2023. Scopus and Google Scholar were used to compare the number of citations. The following data were extracted from the articles: title, authors, number of citations, access type, institution, country, continent, year of publication, journal, keywords, study design, and theme. Collaborative networks were generated using the VOSviewer software. Google Trends was used to investigate the global popularity of "atraumatic restorative treatment" research.

Results: The 100 selected articles, published between 1996 and 2019, were cited 5,092 times, ranging from 21 to 239 citations. CariesResearch (12%) and Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology (12%) published the highest number of articles. Clinical study (52%) was the most prevalent study design. The main theme addressed was restoration longevity (43%). Conventional high-viscosity glass ionomer was the most used restorative material (69%). The country with the highest number of articles was The Netherlands (33%) and Europe was the continent with most publications (38%). The Radboud University of Nijmegen had the highest number of articles (25%). Frencken was the most prominent author (38%). The most common keyword was "atraumatic restorative treatment" (n = 60). According to Google Trends, Tanzania was the country that searched the most about ART.

Conclusion: The 100 most-cited articles on ART were mainly composed of clinical studies focusing on the longevity of restorations and originated in Europe.

Poor nutrition is a risk factor for dental decay in younger people. However, except for sugar, it is unclear if this is true in older age groups. The aim of this study was to analyze the possible associations between overall dietary intake of nutrients and diet quality and the presence of dental decay in community-dwelling older men. A cross-sectional analysis of a longitudinal study with a standardized validated diet history assessment and comprehensive oral health examination in 520 community-dwelling men (mean age: 84 years) participating in the Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project. Nutrient reference values were used to determine if individual micronutrients and macronutrients were meeting recommendations. Acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges (AMDRs) were attained for fat and carbohydrate intakes and were incorporated into a dichotomous variable to determine if the participants were consuming a high fat-low carbohydrate diet. Diagnosis of coronal caries was based on visual criteria and inspection and was completed on each of the five coronal surfaces. Root surface caries was textual changes across four root surfaces. This diagnosis was used to categorize participants by the presence and severity of coronal and root caries. The adjusted logistic regression showed not meeting the recommended intakes for thiamin (odds ratio [OR]: 2.32 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.15-4.67), and zinc (OR: 3.33, 95% CI: 1.71-6.48) were associated with presence of severe root decay. Adjusted analysis also showed that participants who were outside the recommended AMDR for fat (OR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.38-0.98) and those who consumed a high fat and low carbohydrate diet (OR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.35-0.91) were less likely to have coronal tooth decay. Our study shows associations between micronutrients and macronutrients and coronal and root surface decay. Although this study cannot prescribe causality or be generalized to all older adults, diet has a possible association with dental decay in older men.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of nitrate and nitrite on the pH-lowering activity of human plaque, the nitrite-producing and -degrading activities of human plaque, and their correlation.

Methods: Nitrate and nitrite were added to human plaque suspensions collected from the buccal aspect of maxillary molars of patients visiting a general dental clinic, and changes in pH were measured with and without glucose addition. Nitrite-producing and -degrading activities were evaluated by adding nitrate and nitrite to the plaque suspension and measuring the increase and decrease in nitrite with Griess reagent, respectively.

Results: The addition of nitrate inhibited both endogenous and glucose-induced plaque pH-lowering. The addition of glucose enhanced the production of nitrite from nitrate by about 3.3-fold. The addition of nitrite also inhibited endogenous plaque pH-lowering, but the addition of glucose promoted nitrite degradation by only about 1.1-fold. Nitrite-producing activity was positively correlated with age, but not with nitrite-degrading activity.

Conclusion: This study revealed that nitrite was produced from nitrate and inhibited the pH-lowering activity of human plaque, which may contribute to caries control. Both nitrite-producing and -degrading activities occurred in human plaque, but no correlation was found between them. Furthermore, nitrite production was enhanced by glucose metabolism, which may function as a self-regulatory mechanism (resilience) to prevent excessive acidification by glucose metabolism.

Introduction: Dental caries has declined over the years, but it remains a major public health issue. This review aimed to investigate the association between lead (Pb) and caries experience in either deciduous or permanent teeth.

Methods: A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar was conducted to identify relevant studies published up until December 2022. Included were human observational studies that investigated the association between Pb exposure and dental caries. The review adhered to the PRISMA guideline.

Results: Sixteen studies were included in this review, with nine focusing on deciduous teeth, thirteen on permanent teeth, and six examining both types of teeth. Most of the studies (5 of 6) found a positive association between blood lead (PbB) levels and caries in deciduous teeth, while the findings for permanent teeth were less conclusive, with only 3 of 10 studies finding an association. One of the two studies assessing salivary lead levels found a weak association for permanent teeth. All four studies that measured Pb concentration from teeth found a positive association for both deciduous and permanent teeth.

Conclusion: Many published studies have indicated a positive association between Pb exposure and caries experience in deciduous dentition. Children with elevated PbB level should be considered having higher caries experience. Due to lack of consensus on measurement and examination technique, there remains insufficient evidence to make any definitive conclusions, especially in permanent dentition, and so more studies are warranted.