Maksymilian Olbrycht, W. Marek, M. Balawejder, W. Piątkowski, D. Antos
- Microgranule phosphorous soil fertilizer based on a post-production waste was developed. Diffusion of micromolecule components of the granule in soil matrixes was measured. Degradation and diffusion of protein components in soilmatrix was determined.
{"title":"Mass transport of micro- and macro-molecule compounds of phosphorous base fertilizer fortified with protein in soil matrix","authors":"Maksymilian Olbrycht, W. Marek, M. Balawejder, W. Piątkowski, D. Antos","doi":"10.23939/cte2019.01.338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/cte2019.01.338","url":null,"abstract":"- Microgranule phosphorous soil fertilizer based on a post-production waste was developed. Diffusion of micromolecule components of the granule in soil matrixes was measured. Degradation and diffusion of protein components in soilmatrix was determined.","PeriodicalId":9818,"journal":{"name":"Chemical technology and engineering. Proceedings.2019.№1","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74328038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Aksylenko, V. Yevdokymenko, T. Tkachenko, D. Kamenskyh, V. Kashkovsky
Introduction Nowadays, the problem of municipal wastewater sludge treatment and disposal has high ecological and economic significance [1]. A significant amount (more than 0.5 billion tons) of wastewater sludge have accumulated in the territory of Ukraine. Previously, several directions for their utilisation were proposed [2, 3]. The high content of phosphates in sludge, and especially in redundant sludge, allows us to consider such raw material as a promising component of agrochemically effective fertilisers. Unlike nitrogen and other nutrients, fertilisers are the only source for replenishing phosphorus in the soil. The purpose of our work was to create organo-mineral fertiliser (OMF) from sewage sludge, processing plant waste, humic component and study their influence on the ability of plants to use phosphorus of low solubility phosphates of fertilisers and soil.
{"title":"Recycled sewage sludge as part of organic-mineral fertilisers – a comprehensive solution to the use of local raw materials","authors":"M. Aksylenko, V. Yevdokymenko, T. Tkachenko, D. Kamenskyh, V. Kashkovsky","doi":"10.23939/cte2019.01.348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/cte2019.01.348","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Nowadays, the problem of municipal wastewater sludge treatment and disposal has high ecological and economic significance [1]. A significant amount (more than 0.5 billion tons) of wastewater sludge have accumulated in the territory of Ukraine. Previously, several directions for their utilisation were proposed [2, 3]. The high content of phosphates in sludge, and especially in redundant sludge, allows us to consider such raw material as a promising component of agrochemically effective fertilisers. Unlike nitrogen and other nutrients, fertilisers are the only source for replenishing phosphorus in the soil. The purpose of our work was to create organo-mineral fertiliser (OMF) from sewage sludge, processing plant waste, humic component and study their influence on the ability of plants to use phosphorus of low solubility phosphates of fertilisers and soil.","PeriodicalId":9818,"journal":{"name":"Chemical technology and engineering. Proceedings.2019.№1","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80415828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is shown that binary In-, Co-oxide supported catalysts show high activity in the reactions of simultaneous reduction of nitrogen(I, II) oxides by CO, which depends on the nature support (Al2O3, ZrO2), a sequence of the active components introduction. Structured Pd-containing In-, Co-oxide catalysts are characterized by high activity, moisture and sulfur resistance, low content of Pd (0.1) and can be used for complex purification of waste gases from nitrogen oxides and CO.
{"title":"Influence of composition (Pd) In-, Co-containing aluminia- and zirconia-based catalysts on simultaneous reduction of nitrogen(I, II) oxides by CO","authors":"T. Boichuk, S. Orlyk","doi":"10.23939/cte2019.01.265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/cte2019.01.265","url":null,"abstract":"It is shown that binary In-, Co-oxide supported catalysts show high activity in the reactions of simultaneous reduction of nitrogen(I, II) oxides by CO, which depends on the nature support (Al2O3, ZrO2), a sequence of the active components introduction. Structured Pd-containing In-, Co-oxide catalysts are characterized by high activity, moisture and sulfur resistance, low content of Pd (0.1) and can be used for complex purification of waste gases from nitrogen oxides and CO.","PeriodicalId":9818,"journal":{"name":"Chemical technology and engineering. Proceedings.2019.№1","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81537491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Selected parameters of gas chromatographic analysis, which allow to determine and control the purity of industrial carotene preparations for nutrition and medicine purpose. It has been discovered that undesirable accumulation of chemical reagents in carotenoids in the course of a multi-stage and longterm biomaterial extraction mode requires additional purification from the residues of dangerous extractants.
{"title":"Chromatographic studies of extractant residues in the chemical technology of carotenoid production","authors":"V. Gerasimenko, S. Lysytska","doi":"10.23939/cte2019.01.251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/cte2019.01.251","url":null,"abstract":"Selected parameters of gas chromatographic analysis, which allow to determine and control the purity of industrial carotene preparations for nutrition and medicine purpose. It has been discovered that undesirable accumulation of chemical reagents in carotenoids in the course of a multi-stage and longterm biomaterial extraction mode requires additional purification from the residues of dangerous extractants.","PeriodicalId":9818,"journal":{"name":"Chemical technology and engineering. Proceedings.2019.№1","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84557403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The production of styrenic and cyclopentadiene co-oligomers by oil refining by-products (hydrocarbon fraction C9) oligomerization studied. The combination of methods of low temperature suspension oligomerization and post-(co)oligomerization of unreacted hydrocarbons allow to obtain, on the basis of the hydrocarbon fraction C9, the styrenic and cyclopentadiene (co)oligomers, which differ in their properties and applications. Кеуwords – liquid pyrolysis products, suspension (co)oligomerization, hydrocarbon fraction C9, cyclopentadiene, styrene.
{"title":"Synthesis of Styrene and Cyclopentadiene (Co)oligomers on the Basis of Fraction C9 of Oil Refining By-products","authors":"R. Subtelnyi, O. Orobchuk, B. Dzinyak","doi":"10.23939/cte2019.01.076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/cte2019.01.076","url":null,"abstract":"The production of styrenic and cyclopentadiene co-oligomers by oil refining by-products (hydrocarbon fraction C9) oligomerization studied. The combination of methods of low temperature suspension oligomerization and post-(co)oligomerization of unreacted hydrocarbons allow to obtain, on the basis of the hydrocarbon fraction C9, the styrenic and cyclopentadiene (co)oligomers, which differ in their properties and applications. Кеуwords – liquid pyrolysis products, suspension (co)oligomerization, hydrocarbon fraction C9, cyclopentadiene, styrene.","PeriodicalId":9818,"journal":{"name":"Chemical technology and engineering. Proceedings.2019.№1","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81689263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An extraction method for the production of vegetable oils is essential in the food industry. Getting oil in this way is the most economical, provides maximum degreasing of oilseeds, and allows you to achieve high quality of the product. The main advantage of the extraction method of obtaining vegetable oils in comparison with the press is the significant increase in the yield of oil, even in the processing of low-oil seeds. Кеуwords – asphalt concrete, modifier, epoxide, bitumen, strength, water resistance, ultrasound. Introduction All extraction processes are limited by diffusion at the interface of the phases through a diffusion layer with gradient concentration of the extraction of matter. Traditional extraction methods are long-lasting. Ultrasound can significantly accelerate the extraction process, increase output, reduce the cost of extraction of matter and improve the quality of the product. The influence of ultrasonic oscillations with 22 kHz frequency, low resonance cavitation (17-100 Hz) and vibration turbulent devices on the output, composition of extraction products was investigated and analyzed. It has been shown that in all cases the yield of the extract increases, but the quantitative characteristics of the product obtained are different. The process of epoxidation of obtained extracts and their application in the process of modification of road bitumen was investigated. Taking into acount the considerable time of the modification process, and some differences in the results obtained in studies using oils obtained by different extraction methods, a decision was made on the need to intensify the processes of modification of road bitumen by use of ultrasound [1]. Different methods of extraction, their advantages and disadvantages were considered. Some conclusions are made about the use of ultrasound in the extraction process for the production of oils, and in the process of modifying of road bitumen with epoxy compounds.
{"title":"Use of Ultrasound in Rape Oil Extraction Process","authors":"Y. Hrynchuk, V. Reutskyy, P. Matsipura","doi":"10.23939/cte2019.01.222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/cte2019.01.222","url":null,"abstract":"An extraction method for the production of vegetable oils is essential in the food industry. Getting oil in this way is the most economical, provides maximum degreasing of oilseeds, and allows you to achieve high quality of the product. The main advantage of the extraction method of obtaining vegetable oils in comparison with the press is the significant increase in the yield of oil, even in the processing of low-oil seeds. Кеуwords – asphalt concrete, modifier, epoxide, bitumen, strength, water resistance, ultrasound. Introduction All extraction processes are limited by diffusion at the interface of the phases through a diffusion layer with gradient concentration of the extraction of matter. Traditional extraction methods are long-lasting. Ultrasound can significantly accelerate the extraction process, increase output, reduce the cost of extraction of matter and improve the quality of the product. The influence of ultrasonic oscillations with 22 kHz frequency, low resonance cavitation (17-100 Hz) and vibration turbulent devices on the output, composition of extraction products was investigated and analyzed. It has been shown that in all cases the yield of the extract increases, but the quantitative characteristics of the product obtained are different. The process of epoxidation of obtained extracts and their application in the process of modification of road bitumen was investigated. Taking into acount the considerable time of the modification process, and some differences in the results obtained in studies using oils obtained by different extraction methods, a decision was made on the need to intensify the processes of modification of road bitumen by use of ultrasound [1]. Different methods of extraction, their advantages and disadvantages were considered. Some conclusions are made about the use of ultrasound in the extraction process for the production of oils, and in the process of modifying of road bitumen with epoxy compounds.","PeriodicalId":9818,"journal":{"name":"Chemical technology and engineering. Proceedings.2019.№1","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86918823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Technological aspects of the production of functionalized hydrocarbon oligomers Kichurs D.B. Department of Organic Products Technology, Lviv National Polytechnic University, UKRAINE, Lviv, Street St. Banderu, 12, 79013, E-mail: dariia.b.kichura@lpnu.ua The paper is devoted to the oligomerization process of unsaturated hydrocarbons fractions are contained in hydrocarbon fractions of liquid products of pyrolysis in the presence of the peroxides initiator with high integral procedural decomposition temperature. Hudrocarbon fraction contains valuable unsaturated compounds, which have high reactivity and are easily subjected to oligomerization. The proposed technological schemes are based on the developed block schemes for the production of functionalized hydrocarbon oligomers on the basis of existing technologies.
{"title":"Technological aspects of the production of functionalized hydrocarbon oligomers","authors":"D. Kichura","doi":"10.23939/cte2019.01.145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/cte2019.01.145","url":null,"abstract":"Technological aspects of the production of functionalized hydrocarbon oligomers Kichurs D.B. Department of Organic Products Technology, Lviv National Polytechnic University, UKRAINE, Lviv, Street St. Banderu, 12, 79013, E-mail: dariia.b.kichura@lpnu.ua The paper is devoted to the oligomerization process of unsaturated hydrocarbons fractions are contained in hydrocarbon fractions of liquid products of pyrolysis in the presence of the peroxides initiator with high integral procedural decomposition temperature. Hudrocarbon fraction contains valuable unsaturated compounds, which have high reactivity and are easily subjected to oligomerization. The proposed technological schemes are based on the developed block schemes for the production of functionalized hydrocarbon oligomers on the basis of existing technologies.","PeriodicalId":9818,"journal":{"name":"Chemical technology and engineering. Proceedings.2019.№1","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83913741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Devoted to the problem of sewage treatment by ultraviolet radiation. This method can clear the water from microbiological contamination and thereby improve water quality. Кеуwords – water treatment, disinfection, UV-radiation, microflora, sewage. Introduction The reservoirs contain a large number of microorganisms: clean reservoirs – tens and hundreds of thousands of microorganisms in 1 m, contaminated – millions and billions of microorganisms in 1 m. Their number depends on the season (in summer, the number of microscopic algae and cyanobacteria, which can cause water blooms, is very high in reservoirs). Among them there are species that constantly inhabit the reservoirs, as well as those that fall there with sediments, sewage, and so on. Microflora is represented by various groups of microorganisms – bacteria, microscopic mushrooms, actinomycetes, algae, protozoa are found [1]. The most simple, cheap and widely used method of decontaminating water is chlorination. In Ukraine chlorination of water began to be used since 1908. The degree of decontamination depends mainly on the concentration of active chlorine, contact time, pH value and water temperature. The main disinfectant is active chlorine. However, despite the effectiveness of pathogenic bacteria, chlorination does not provide epidemic safety for viruses. Also, the negative property of such a method is the formation of organochlorine compounds and chloramines. [2]. One of the alternatives to chlorination of water is the decontamination of ozone. Ozone is a universal reagent, because it can be used for decontamination, discoloration, deodorization of water, for removal of iron and manganese. This method also has its disadvantages: by-products of ozonation – aldehydes (formaldehyde) and ketones, as well as the complexity and high cost of ozone production and the need for constant monitoring of ozone production [3]. Main part One of the most effective methods of disinfecting water is ultraviolet irradiation. The effect of UV radiation on different types of microorganisms has the same nature, the main mechanism of which is the destruction of DNA and RNA structures in microorganisms under the influence of radiation in the region of 220-280 nm, the maximum bactericidal action takes place at a wavelength of 260 nm [4]. Ultraviolet radiation is instantaneous, at the same time, the radiation does not add water to the residual bactericidal properties, as well as the smell and taste. Water treatment with UV radiation does not lead to the formation of harmful by-products of chemical compounds [5]. The efficiency of sewage treatment from bacterial contamination by UV-radiation was studied for municipal sewage treatment plant No 2 of Lviv. The sanitary-epidemiological assessment of the quality of water was determined by the indicator of the total microbial number (TMN) – the total number of bacteria in 1 cm of the water being studied. TMN estimates the total contamination of sewage by microorganisms [6
{"title":"Disinfection of sewage from municipal wastewater treatment plants of Lviv","authors":"O. Popovych, N. Vronska, I. Tymchuk","doi":"10.23939/cte2019.01.342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/cte2019.01.342","url":null,"abstract":"Devoted to the problem of sewage treatment by ultraviolet radiation. This method can clear the water from microbiological contamination and thereby improve water quality. Кеуwords – water treatment, disinfection, UV-radiation, microflora, sewage. Introduction The reservoirs contain a large number of microorganisms: clean reservoirs – tens and hundreds of thousands of microorganisms in 1 m, contaminated – millions and billions of microorganisms in 1 m. Their number depends on the season (in summer, the number of microscopic algae and cyanobacteria, which can cause water blooms, is very high in reservoirs). Among them there are species that constantly inhabit the reservoirs, as well as those that fall there with sediments, sewage, and so on. Microflora is represented by various groups of microorganisms – bacteria, microscopic mushrooms, actinomycetes, algae, protozoa are found [1]. The most simple, cheap and widely used method of decontaminating water is chlorination. In Ukraine chlorination of water began to be used since 1908. The degree of decontamination depends mainly on the concentration of active chlorine, contact time, pH value and water temperature. The main disinfectant is active chlorine. However, despite the effectiveness of pathogenic bacteria, chlorination does not provide epidemic safety for viruses. Also, the negative property of such a method is the formation of organochlorine compounds and chloramines. [2]. One of the alternatives to chlorination of water is the decontamination of ozone. Ozone is a universal reagent, because it can be used for decontamination, discoloration, deodorization of water, for removal of iron and manganese. This method also has its disadvantages: by-products of ozonation – aldehydes (formaldehyde) and ketones, as well as the complexity and high cost of ozone production and the need for constant monitoring of ozone production [3]. Main part One of the most effective methods of disinfecting water is ultraviolet irradiation. The effect of UV radiation on different types of microorganisms has the same nature, the main mechanism of which is the destruction of DNA and RNA structures in microorganisms under the influence of radiation in the region of 220-280 nm, the maximum bactericidal action takes place at a wavelength of 260 nm [4]. Ultraviolet radiation is instantaneous, at the same time, the radiation does not add water to the residual bactericidal properties, as well as the smell and taste. Water treatment with UV radiation does not lead to the formation of harmful by-products of chemical compounds [5]. The efficiency of sewage treatment from bacterial contamination by UV-radiation was studied for municipal sewage treatment plant No 2 of Lviv. The sanitary-epidemiological assessment of the quality of water was determined by the indicator of the total microbial number (TMN) – the total number of bacteria in 1 cm of the water being studied. TMN estimates the total contamination of sewage by microorganisms [6","PeriodicalId":9818,"journal":{"name":"Chemical technology and engineering. Proceedings.2019.№1","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82842494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper describes the synthesis and investigation of the properties of acrylamide and acrylic acid hydrogel composites with a crosslinking agent with gelatin, unmodified or modified peroxide oligomer, which can be use to create cosmetic products. The method of synthesis of hydrogel composites described and their physical, chemical, thermomechanical properties and graphic representation of these regularities presented. To do this, a series of samples with different ratios of starting substances synthesized and the dependence of their properties on the structure is established. Кеуwords: polymer composite, hydrogels, gelatin, swelling. Introduction Hydrogels are one of the perspective classes of polymer systems that embrace numerous biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. Hydrogels have become very popular due to its unique properties such as high water content, softness, elasticity and biocompatibility. Natural and synthetic hydrophilic polymers can be physically or chemically crosslinked to obtain hydrogels. Their resemblance to living tissue opens up many possibilities for applications in biomedical fields. Hydrogels are widely used for various biomedical applications − tissue engineering, molecular imprinting, monopoles as dressings, drug delivery and other. The aim of the present research is obtaining hydrogel composites filled with gelatin for cosmetic application. Experimental By graft-polymerization of hydrophilic functional monomers in an aqueous medium obtained spatially, crosslinked polymer hydrogels filled with gelatin (Gel). For this purpose, a process conducted in water solution of monomers (acrylamide (АкАм), acrylic acid (AcA)) in presence gelatin and modified gelatin peroxide modifier. In the case of using the modified gelatin of the initiation of polymerization occurred due to the decomposition of peroxide groups immobilized to the surface of the gelatin molecules. The paper presents the evolution of swelling of the gelatin composites with grafted macromolecules of polyacrylamide and polyacrylic acid and different ratios of filler and copolymers. The degree of swelling (D.S.) was determine by equation is Eq. 1: α = m−m0 m ∗ 100 (1) α – the degree of swelling %mas, m – weight of swollen composite, g; m0 – the weight of the dry composite, g. Taking into account, the presented results are noticeable sharp increase in the maximum values of swelling in comparison with the samples of grafted polyacrylamide. This is probably due to the formation of an additional stitched mesh between grafted copolymer through centers of interaction between functional groups of macromolecules –NH2 and –COOH. Composites filled with modified gelatin show mass storage, and therefore shape, with long periods in a water environment. This suggests that the modified gelatin has the satisfactory properties of the crosslinked agent. Figure 1 demonstrated the kinetics of swelling of polymer hydrogel composites based on unmodified gelatin, acrylamide and acryl
本文介绍了以明胶、未改性或改性过氧化物低聚物为交联剂的丙烯酰胺-丙烯酸水凝胶复合材料的合成及性能研究，该复合材料可用于化妆品生产。介绍了水凝胶复合材料的合成方法，并对其物理、化学、热机械性能和这些规律进行了图解。为此，合成了一系列具有不同起始物质比例的样品，并建立了它们的性质与结构的依赖关系。Кеуwords:高分子复合，水凝胶，明胶，溶胀。水凝胶是聚合物系统中最具前景的一类，具有广泛的生物医学和制药应用。水凝胶由于其独特的特性，如高含水量，柔软，弹性和生物相容性而变得非常受欢迎。天然和合成的亲水性聚合物可以通过物理或化学交联得到水凝胶。它们与活体组织的相似性为生物医学领域的应用开辟了许多可能性。水凝胶广泛用于各种生物医学应用-组织工程，分子印迹，单极子作为敷料，药物输送等。本研究的目的是获得用于化妆品的明胶填充水凝胶复合材料。实验通过在水介质中接枝聚合亲水性功能单体，得到空间交联填充明胶的聚合物水凝胶(Gel)。为此，在水溶液中进行了单体(丙烯酰胺(АкАм)、丙烯酸(AcA))存在明胶和改性明胶过氧化改性剂的工艺。在使用改性明胶的情况下，由于固定化到明胶分子表面的过氧化物基团的分解而引发聚合。本文研究了聚丙烯酰胺和丙烯酸接枝大分子明胶复合材料在不同填充剂和共聚物配比下的膨胀过程。膨胀度(D.S.)由公式(Eq. 1)确定:α = m−m0 m * 100 (1) α -膨胀度%mas, m -膨胀复合材料重量，g;m0 -干复合材料的重量，g。考虑到这一点，与接枝聚丙烯酰胺的样品相比，所呈现的结果是显著的膨胀最大值急剧增加。这可能是由于接枝共聚物之间通过大分子-NH2和-COOH官能团之间的相互作用中心形成了额外的缝合网。填充改性明胶的复合材料在水环境中表现出大容量的储存能力，因此具有长时间的形状。说明改性明胶具有交联剂的优良性能。图1展示了基于未改性明胶、丙烯酰胺和丙烯酸的聚合物水凝胶复合材料的膨胀动力学，明胶的含量不同。0 100 200 300 400 0 500
{"title":"The Investigation of Hydrogels Composite Filling by Gelatin","authors":"M. Chobit, Y. Panchenko, V. Vasylyev","doi":"10.23939/cte2019.01.133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/cte2019.01.133","url":null,"abstract":"The paper describes the synthesis and investigation of the properties of acrylamide and acrylic acid hydrogel composites with a crosslinking agent with gelatin, unmodified or modified peroxide oligomer, which can be use to create cosmetic products. The method of synthesis of hydrogel composites described and their physical, chemical, thermomechanical properties and graphic representation of these regularities presented. To do this, a series of samples with different ratios of starting substances synthesized and the dependence of their properties on the structure is established. Кеуwords: polymer composite, hydrogels, gelatin, swelling. Introduction Hydrogels are one of the perspective classes of polymer systems that embrace numerous biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. Hydrogels have become very popular due to its unique properties such as high water content, softness, elasticity and biocompatibility. Natural and synthetic hydrophilic polymers can be physically or chemically crosslinked to obtain hydrogels. Their resemblance to living tissue opens up many possibilities for applications in biomedical fields. Hydrogels are widely used for various biomedical applications − tissue engineering, molecular imprinting, monopoles as dressings, drug delivery and other. The aim of the present research is obtaining hydrogel composites filled with gelatin for cosmetic application. Experimental By graft-polymerization of hydrophilic functional monomers in an aqueous medium obtained spatially, crosslinked polymer hydrogels filled with gelatin (Gel). For this purpose, a process conducted in water solution of monomers (acrylamide (АкАм), acrylic acid (AcA)) in presence gelatin and modified gelatin peroxide modifier. In the case of using the modified gelatin of the initiation of polymerization occurred due to the decomposition of peroxide groups immobilized to the surface of the gelatin molecules. The paper presents the evolution of swelling of the gelatin composites with grafted macromolecules of polyacrylamide and polyacrylic acid and different ratios of filler and copolymers. The degree of swelling (D.S.) was determine by equation is Eq. 1: α = m−m0 m ∗ 100 (1) α – the degree of swelling %mas, m – weight of swollen composite, g; m0 – the weight of the dry composite, g. Taking into account, the presented results are noticeable sharp increase in the maximum values of swelling in comparison with the samples of grafted polyacrylamide. This is probably due to the formation of an additional stitched mesh between grafted copolymer through centers of interaction between functional groups of macromolecules –NH2 and –COOH. Composites filled with modified gelatin show mass storage, and therefore shape, with long periods in a water environment. This suggests that the modified gelatin has the satisfactory properties of the crosslinked agent. Figure 1 demonstrated the kinetics of swelling of polymer hydrogel composites based on unmodified gelatin, acrylamide and acryl","PeriodicalId":9818,"journal":{"name":"Chemical technology and engineering. Proceedings.2019.№1","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80686661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A new energy-saving and efficient method of glass tempering by using water as a cooling agent is described. This glass is not inferior to the strength of traditional tempered glass. In addition, it does not fall to pieces during drilling and cutting and it is characterized by higher chemical resistance and
{"title":"Tempered Glass Obtained by Water Cooling","authors":"T. Zheplynskyi, Oksana Bulych","doi":"10.23939/cte2019.01.215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/cte2019.01.215","url":null,"abstract":"A new energy-saving and efficient method of glass tempering by using water as a cooling agent is described. This glass is not inferior to the strength of traditional tempered glass. In addition, it does not fall to pieces during drilling and cutting and it is characterized by higher chemical resistance and","PeriodicalId":9818,"journal":{"name":"Chemical technology and engineering. Proceedings.2019.№1","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76225208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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