Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.aac.2024.10.002
Vladimir V. Zakharychev , Andrey M. Martsynkevich
Pyridine-based agrochemical products have become the most commercially successful in the 21st century. About half of the agrochemicals with pyridine scaffold were released, registered or invented only in the current millennium. Some of them have a unique structure and previously unknown modes of action. The literature provides examples of the use of the pyridine ring in pesticides for reducing the dosage of the active ingredient, hence to take care of the environment due to their increased efficacy, overcoming the pest resistance, and also makes it possible to create patentable structures by dodging the parent patent, which sometimes leads to a change in the spectrum of activity of the compounds. The newest 13 substances registered by the ISO from January 2021 to June 2024, and not reviewed previously are considered.
{"title":"Development of novel pyridine-based agrochemicals: A review","authors":"Vladimir V. Zakharychev , Andrey M. Martsynkevich","doi":"10.1016/j.aac.2024.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aac.2024.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pyridine-based agrochemical products have become the most commercially successful in the 21st century. About half of the agrochemicals with pyridine scaffold were released, registered or invented only in the current millennium. Some of them have a unique structure and previously unknown modes of action. The literature provides examples of the use of the pyridine ring in pesticides for reducing the dosage of the active ingredient, hence to take care of the environment due to their increased efficacy, overcoming the pest resistance, and also makes it possible to create patentable structures by dodging the parent patent, which sometimes leads to a change in the spectrum of activity of the compounds. The newest 13 substances registered by the ISO from January 2021 to June 2024, and not reviewed previously are considered.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100027,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Agrochem","volume":"4 1","pages":"Pages 30-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143551340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.aac.2024.11.001
Nawei Tan , Wei Yuan , Yi Xu , Jingyue Wang , Bin Yuan , Heqiang Huo , Wenxiu Qiu , Ying Zhou
Rice, the world's primary staple food, is under severe threat from several devastating diseases. To sustainably management rice diseases, developing safe, environmentally friendly alternatives urgently need to be developed. In this study, we synthesized two silicon dioxide nanoparticles, spherical mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) and virus-like mesoporous silica nanoparticles (VMSNs), and we performed a resistance assay on rice for two major diseases, bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani. Compared to the control, the two nanoparticle treatments increased rice resistance, with VMSNs exhibiting the highest efficacy in controlling these two diseases, causing a shorter lesion length than those plants treated by MSNs. Coincidentally, the foliar application of VMSNs activates a higher expression level of several pathogenesis-related (PR) genes compared to those of MSNs and SiO2 treatment. By using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled VMSNs (VMSNs-FITC) to soak the top expanded leaf tips or roots, we observed that the fluorescence of the nanoparticles firstly accumulated at the local site of the top leaves or roots, rapidly migrated to the hypocotyl of rice, and then redistributed sequentially from the bottom leaves to the upper leaves. Furthermore, the foliar or root application of VMSNs-FITC could trigger the local and systemic resistance to PXO99. Notably, no significant toxicity was observed on plants and mice after excessive foliar treatment or feeding tests, respectively. Overall, our research revealed that VMSNs are an effective, systemic, and safe nano-pesticides for controlling rice diseases. Boosting the immune responses may be associated with the transporting of nanoparticles.
{"title":"Migrated silicon dioxide nanoparticles activates the rice immunity for systemic resistance against two pathogens","authors":"Nawei Tan , Wei Yuan , Yi Xu , Jingyue Wang , Bin Yuan , Heqiang Huo , Wenxiu Qiu , Ying Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.aac.2024.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aac.2024.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rice, the world's primary staple food, is under severe threat from several devastating diseases. To sustainably management rice diseases, developing safe, environmentally friendly alternatives urgently need to be developed. In this study, we synthesized two silicon dioxide nanoparticles, spherical mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) and virus-like mesoporous silica nanoparticles (VMSNs), and we performed a resistance assay on rice for two major diseases, bacterial blight caused by <em>Xanthomonas oryzae</em> pv. <em>oryzae</em> and sheath blight caused by <em>Rhizoctonia solani</em>. Compared to the control, the two nanoparticle treatments increased rice resistance, with VMSNs exhibiting the highest efficacy in controlling these two diseases, causing a shorter lesion length than those plants treated by MSNs. Coincidentally, the foliar application of VMSNs activates a higher expression level of several pathogenesis-related (<em>PR</em>) genes compared to those of MSNs and SiO<sub>2</sub> treatment. By using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled VMSNs (VMSNs-FITC) to soak the top expanded leaf tips or roots, we observed that the fluorescence of the nanoparticles firstly accumulated at the local site of the top leaves or roots, rapidly migrated to the hypocotyl of rice, and then redistributed sequentially from the bottom leaves to the upper leaves. Furthermore, the foliar or root application of VMSNs-FITC could trigger the local and systemic resistance to PXO99. Notably, no significant toxicity was observed on plants and mice after excessive foliar treatment or feeding tests, respectively. Overall, our research revealed that VMSNs are an effective, systemic, and safe nano-pesticides for controlling rice diseases. Boosting the immune responses may be associated with the transporting of nanoparticles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100027,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Agrochem","volume":"4 1","pages":"Pages 78-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143551345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.aac.2024.07.005
Chenglong Xuan , Zhimin Zhu , Ziyang Li , Chao Shu
Organophosphate analogues are commonly occurring structural features that are widely present in numerous natural substances, biologically active molecules and modern pharmaceutical compounds. The development of efficient strategies for the preparation of these analogues is still attractive but challenging in organophosphorus chemistry. In order to fill this gap, different new routes have been discovered including direct phosphonylation of alkyl radicals, indirect Arbuzov phosphonylation of alkyl radicals and nucleopilic phosphonylation of phosphorus. In this short review, we have attempted to summarize these recent developments for the synthesis of alkyl phosphonates in order to facilitate the development of green pharmacological alkyl phosphonates by emphasizing their variety of products, specificity and relevance, and providing the underlying mechanistic rationale whenever it is possible. We aim to provide readers with a comprehensive understanding of the current state of this field and contribute to future research.
{"title":"Recent developments in the synthesis of pharmacological alkyl phosphonates","authors":"Chenglong Xuan , Zhimin Zhu , Ziyang Li , Chao Shu","doi":"10.1016/j.aac.2024.07.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aac.2024.07.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Organophosphate analogues are commonly occurring structural features that are widely present in numerous natural substances, biologically active molecules and modern pharmaceutical compounds. The development of efficient strategies for the preparation of these analogues is still attractive but challenging in organophosphorus chemistry. In order to fill this gap, different new routes have been discovered including direct phosphonylation of alkyl radicals, indirect Arbuzov phosphonylation of alkyl radicals and nucleopilic phosphonylation of phosphorus. In this short review, we have attempted to summarize these recent developments for the synthesis of alkyl phosphonates in order to facilitate the development of green pharmacological alkyl phosphonates by emphasizing their variety of products, specificity and relevance, and providing the underlying mechanistic rationale whenever it is possible. We aim to provide readers with a comprehensive understanding of the current state of this field and contribute to future research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100027,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Agrochem","volume":"4 1","pages":"Pages 13-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141844478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As a natural alkaloid found extensively in cereal crops, gramine not only plays a crucial role in protecting barley and other grasses from various pests, but also reduces palatability for ruminants. Scientists are trying to figure out how gramine gets into cereal plants: is it inherently present or transformed through a special process? The latest study published in Science by Sara Leite Dias and co-authors, provides a detailed explanation. The starting point of the transformation is identified, and the transformation process is confirmed through rigorous experiments.
{"title":"From tryptophan to gramine: A journey into the mysterious transformation of biocatalysis","authors":"En-Yu Jiang , Chun-Bao Duan , Xin-Ying Zhao , Hui-Lin Xu , Jie Gao , Otgonpurev Sukhbaatar , Ming-Zhi Zhang , Wei-Hua Zhang , Yu-Cheng Gu","doi":"10.1016/j.aac.2024.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aac.2024.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a natural alkaloid found extensively in cereal crops, gramine not only plays a crucial role in protecting barley and other grasses from various pests, but also reduces palatability for ruminants. Scientists are trying to figure out how gramine gets into cereal plants: is it inherently present or transformed through a special process? The latest study published in Science by Sara Leite Dias and co-authors, provides a detailed explanation. The starting point of the transformation is identified, and the transformation process is confirmed through rigorous experiments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100027,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Agrochem","volume":"4 1","pages":"Pages 1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143550756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.aac.2024.11.006
Tingting Liu , Zhihui Cheng , Yuchun Wu , Yuan Qiu , Xiaogang Luo , Genyan Liu , Qi Sun
Methylglyoxal (MGO) is a vital signaling molecule that related to a variety of pathologies in both animals and plants. However, high levels of MGO are associated with several diseases. Therefore, developing a sensitive method for monitoring MGO levels in vivo and investigating its molecular mechanism is of great importance. Although most of the reported MGO fluorescence probes are designed for cells and animals, none have been used for study MGO levels in plants. Consequently, we herein report a fluorescent probe named CPDN, which is rational constructed utilizing coumarin derivatives and O-phenylenediamine as the fluorophore and the recognition group, respectively. In our study, CPDN have shown ability to selectively and sensitively detect MGO in solution and has been successfully exploited for imaging endogenous and exogenous MGO levels in living cells, zebrafish and Arabidopsis thaliana. Surprisingly, further investigation of CPDN has found that high MGO levels in Arabidopsis thaliana could inhibit the root growth. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the MGO levels in Arabidopsis thaliana increased when subjected to drought stress, which may be the main cause inhibiting root development and resulting in shorter root length. Therefore, the probe CPDN can be a powerful tool for studying the MGO levels under abiotic stress conditions and exploring its role in plant growth mechanisms. We believe that the application of CPDN in monitoring MGO levels in plants holds great values for deepening the understanding of plant growth mechanisms.
{"title":"A novel fluorescent probe for MGO detection and its application for monitoring root growth and drought stress in Arabidopsis thaliana","authors":"Tingting Liu , Zhihui Cheng , Yuchun Wu , Yuan Qiu , Xiaogang Luo , Genyan Liu , Qi Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.aac.2024.11.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aac.2024.11.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Methylglyoxal (MGO) is a vital signaling molecule that related to a variety of pathologies in both animals and plants. However, high levels of MGO are associated with several diseases. Therefore, developing a sensitive method for monitoring MGO levels in vivo and investigating its molecular mechanism is of great importance. Although most of the reported MGO fluorescence probes are designed for cells and animals, none have been used for study MGO levels in plants. Consequently, we herein report a fluorescent probe named <strong>CPDN</strong>, which is rational constructed utilizing coumarin derivatives and <em>O</em>-phenylenediamine as the fluorophore and the recognition group, respectively. In our study, <strong>CPDN</strong> have shown ability to selectively and sensitively detect MGO in solution and has been successfully exploited for imaging endogenous and exogenous MGO levels in living cells, zebrafish and <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em>. Surprisingly, further investigation of <strong>CPDN</strong> has found that high MGO levels in <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em> could inhibit the root growth. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the MGO levels in <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em> increased when subjected to drought stress, which may be the main cause inhibiting root development and resulting in shorter root length. Therefore, the probe <strong>CPDN</strong> can be a powerful tool for studying the MGO levels under abiotic stress conditions and exploring its role in plant growth mechanisms. We believe that the application of <strong>CPDN</strong> in monitoring MGO levels in plants holds great values for deepening the understanding of plant growth mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100027,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Agrochem","volume":"4 1","pages":"Pages 90-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143550854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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