Advanced Agrochem最新文献

Fungicides are an indispensable tool in plant disease control. Various modes of action (MOAs) have been identified in different fungicides to suppress plant pathogens. The combined use of fungicides with distinct MOAs has been recommended to prevent the development of pathogen resistance. In studying MOAs, metabolomics has been proven to be a robust and high-throughput method. Because metabolites are unique and distinct depending on the biological activities of an organism, MOAs can be identified and classified by establishing metabolic fingerprinting and metabolic profiles. Similarly, if fungicide resistance is developed in a pathogen, the metabolome will change, which can be identified. In this review, we have discussed the principles and advanced applications of metabolomics in the study of MOAs and resistance mechanisms of fungicides, and the potential of metabolic data in understanding the interaction between fungicides and pathogens. Challenges are also discussed in the application of metabolomics, improvement of the study on the mechanism of fungicides in their functions against pathogens and advancing the development of novel fungicides.

We spotlight recent findings from a Nature paper unveiling captivating insights into how substrates such as NAD+ and ATP stimulate the condensation of TIR domain proteins. This process culminates in the formation of a quaternary structural pattern akin to the catalytic arrangement observed in conventional TNL proteins. Consequently, this mechanism enables the production of pivotal signaling molecules crucial for fortifying plant immunity. Expanding on these revelations, we propose the prospect of creating modulatory compounds capable of initiating the phase separation of TIR domain proteins as an innovative approach to enhance plant immunity against pathogenic challenges.

To discover novel and efficient compounds against Aphis gossypii Glover, a series of novel terpene ester derivatives containing the structure of bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane were designed and synthesized using tschimganin as the lead compound. Bioactivity assays showed that most tschimganin analogs exhibited moderate to outstanding insecticidal activity against A. gossypii. In particular, compound 56 (LC₅₀ = 0.28 μg mL⁻¹), identified as (1S,2S,4R)-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-yl nicotinate, exhibited the best activity, which was significantly superior to that of imidacloprid (LC₅₀ = 0.54 μg mL⁻¹) and sulfoxaflor (LC₅₀ = 0.70 μg mL⁻¹). The precise and dependable 3D-QSAR model suggests a promising direction for further design of more active tschimganin-based insecticides. Metabolomics showed that compound 56 disrupted detoxification, amino acid biosynthesis, and energy metabolism and may affect the central nervous system of A. gossypii. The results of this study indicated that tschimganin analogs are a potential new class of green insecticides that can be used for the integrated management of A. gossypii.

There is an increasing need to reduce the use of pesticides to reduce their potential threat to food/environmental safety. At the same time, an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by abiotic stresses in plants can lead to an increase in ROS in the plant and affect yield. In this paper, ROS-SPC was synthesised by two reactions and used as an efficient pesticide nanocarrier/adjuvant and scavenger of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants. By hydrophobic interaction, ROS-SPC spontaneously conjugated to fluazinam with a pesticide loading capacity (PLC) of 15.1 %. After fluazinam was conjugated to ROS-SPC, the particle size of fluazinam was reduced from 64.70 nm reduced to 19.82 nm, and the contact angle of pesticide droplets on plant leaves was significantly reduced from 59.44° to 26.76°. ROS-SPC as a carrier was tested to inhibit phytopathogenic fungi by 200 % more than conventional delivery methods. In addition, we also learned that ROS-SPC with endocytosis capability can indeed remove reactive oxygen species from plants. Tests using HUVEC cells showed that ROS-SPC has low cytotoxicity within a reasonable range of applications, and ROS-SPC was tested to have low toxicity to pollinating bees.

Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are chemical substances that imitate the functions of phytohormones to enhance the crop yield and the harvest process. Phenylurea-derived plant growth regulators are known for their excellent efficacy in promoting fruit growth, particularly in kiwifruit, grapes, and melons. Phenylurea derivatives represent one class of the highly efficient and versatile PGRs. Specifically, forchlorfenuron (CPPU, N-(2-chloro-4-pyridinyl)-N′-phenylurea) exhibits similar growth-regulating efficacy to cytokinins and has a significant impact on the plant growth and the crop yield. As a result, there is growing interest in exploring the incorporation of various phenylurea moieties into agrochemicals to enhance their regulatory properties on crops. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview on representative synthetic approaches for phenylurea derived PGRs. Additionally, we provide our perspective on the future development in this active research field.

A novel coated urea (MVCU) was prepared, and its application effect was verified by field trials of oilseed rape in three main cultivation areas. Meanwhile, the nutrient release and coating layer changes of MVCU in static water at 25 °C and different soils were systematically evaluated. MVCU showed a long nutrient release time under static water (77 days) and soil incubation (140 days) conditions due to the slow degradation of the coating layer in MVCU, and its nitrogen release coincided well with oilseed rape nitrogen demand. The above results were further confirmed by FT-IR spectra and SEM analysis. Compared with conventional urea (U), the field trials of MVCU in the three main cultivation areas showed high nitrogen utilization efficiency and yield advantages in oilseed rape. The field trials results indicated that the MVCU significantly enhanced the aboveground dry matter (28.7%), the seed nitrogen concentration (9.5%) and aboveground nitrogen accumulation (42.5%) of oilseed rape at the mature stage as compared to that of the U. The oilseed rape yield enhanced by 932.8 kg/hm², the average growth rate was 65.1%, and nitrogen utilization efficiency increased by 21.2%. In short, MVCU has the advantages of excellent slow-release performance and strong applicability, and its yield-increasing effect on oilseed rape could reach or even be better than that of traditional fertilization.

Auxin is an important phytohormone that regulates a string of vital rapid responses, and its signaling perception mechanism has been one of the hot spots of research. It has been shown that the ABP1/TMKs module is involved in regulating extracellular auxin signaling, however, the role of ABP1 as an auxin receptor is highly controversial. Therefore, the mechanism of quintessential TMKs sense extracellular auxin remains unresolved. Recently, a study identified two new auxin-binding proteins, ABL1 and ABL2, which directly interact with TMKs to perceive apoplast auxin. This groundbreaking research unravels the mystery surrounding how plants perceive extracellular auxin signals.

Abscisic acid (ABA) is a phytohormone that not only important for plant growth, but also mediating the stress response. The roles of ABA in plant immunity are especially multifaceted. Recently, the ABA functional analogues are of great significance to promote its application. Here, we reported an ABA functional analogue named 167A. 167A inhibits plant growth and seeds germinating of Arabidopsis. Meanwhile, the 167A enhanced the plant immunity, which is opposite of ABA. We further investigated the PTI-response after 167A treatment, and the results show that the ROS burst, callose deposition accumulate with 167A treatment. Moreover, 167A also influence the degree of stomal closed. RNA-seq assays show that the 167A down-regulated the ABA associated genes and up-regulated the JA/SA/ET associated genes. Through genetic analysis, the 167A modulating the plant resistance through the PYR/PYL Receptors. Together, these results demonstrate that a novel ABA analogue 167A positive regulated plant immunity and has great potential for agricultural applications.