Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.aac.2025.01.003
Ying Dong , Jun-Chao Zhang , Jia-Yue Sun , Ze-Wei Guan , Guang-Kai Yao , Xiao-Lei Zhu
Currently, triazole sulfonamide fungicide could be used to effectively control cucumber downy mildew (CDM), caused by Pseudoperonospora cubensis. In this study, a series of triazole sulfonamide derivatives containing diphenyl ether (DE) fragment were designed and synthesized. All target compounds were evaluated for their fungicidal activity against four oomycete diseases. Compound 10b showed the best activity against CDM with 40 % control efficacy at 0.78 mg/L, which was the same as amisulbrom. Meanwhile, compounds 10d and 10h showed good inhibitory activity against Peronophythora litchii and compounds 10e, 10f, 10l and 10q showed good inhibitory activity against Phytophthora infestans. The results of computational chemistry showed that compound 10b had the same binding mode as amisulbrom and formed hydrogen bonds with the residues Gln9, His189 and Ash217. Compound 10b could be further investigated as a potential fungicide candidate. This study also provides a useful optimization strategy for the design of novel fungicides against CDM.
{"title":"Design and synthesis of triazole sulfonamide inhibitors of bc1 complex","authors":"Ying Dong , Jun-Chao Zhang , Jia-Yue Sun , Ze-Wei Guan , Guang-Kai Yao , Xiao-Lei Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.aac.2025.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aac.2025.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Currently, triazole sulfonamide fungicide could be used to effectively control cucumber downy mildew (CDM), caused by <em>Pseudoperonospora cubensis</em>. In this study, a series of triazole sulfonamide derivatives containing diphenyl ether (DE) fragment were designed and synthesized. All target compounds were evaluated for their fungicidal activity against four oomycete diseases. Compound <strong>10b</strong> showed the best activity against CDM with 40 % control efficacy at 0.78 mg/L, which was the same as amisulbrom. Meanwhile, compounds <strong>10d</strong> and <strong>10h</strong> showed good inhibitory activity against <em>Peronophythora litchii</em> and compounds <strong>10e</strong>, <strong>10f</strong>, <strong>10l</strong> and <strong>10q</strong> showed good inhibitory activity against <em>Phytophthora infestans</em>. The results of computational chemistry showed that compound <strong>10b</strong> had the same binding mode as amisulbrom and formed hydrogen bonds with the residues Gln9, His189 and Ash217. Compound <strong>10b</strong> could be further investigated as a potential fungicide candidate. This study also provides a useful optimization strategy for the design of novel fungicides against CDM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100027,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Agrochem","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 349-353"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145685950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.aac.2025.03.002
Han Xiao , Min Li , Nir Ohad , Ge-Fei Hao
Genetically encoded biosensors are powerful tools for monitoring plant proteins, which could offer high spatial and temporal resolution and help reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying plant growth and stress responses. However, a comprehensive review focused on the spatiotemporal monitoring of plant proteins using these biosensors is still lacking. This review highlights key advancements in the field, evaluates the strengths and limitations of current biosensors, and discusses their applications for tracking plant protein dynamics. We aim to provide a thorough understanding of genetically encoded biosensors for plant proteins, promote the development of these technologies, and foster deeper insights into molecular mechanisms in plant cells. Future research should prioritize overcoming challenges such as interference from plant autofluorescence and enhancing the sensitivity of biosensors, particularly in complex cellular compartments like chloroplasts and cell walls, to further improve spatial and temporal resolution.
{"title":"Genetically encoded biosensors for spatiotemporal monitoring of plant proteins in growth and stress responses","authors":"Han Xiao , Min Li , Nir Ohad , Ge-Fei Hao","doi":"10.1016/j.aac.2025.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aac.2025.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Genetically encoded biosensors are powerful tools for monitoring plant proteins, which could offer high spatial and temporal resolution and help reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying plant growth and stress responses. However, a comprehensive review focused on the spatiotemporal monitoring of plant proteins using these biosensors is still lacking. This review highlights key advancements in the field, evaluates the strengths and limitations of current biosensors, and discusses their applications for tracking plant protein dynamics. We aim to provide a thorough understanding of genetically encoded biosensors for plant proteins, promote the development of these technologies, and foster deeper insights into molecular mechanisms in plant cells. Future research should prioritize overcoming challenges such as interference from plant autofluorescence and enhancing the sensitivity of biosensors, particularly in complex cellular compartments like chloroplasts and cell walls, to further improve spatial and temporal resolution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100027,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Agrochem","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 177-187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145128271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.aac.2025.01.002
Jingyuan Wang , Panpan Chen , Xingqiang Wei , Yifan Ma , Yi Wang
Chiral pesticides, such as penthiopyrad, consist of enantiomers with differing biological activities and toxicological profiles, potentially leading to environmental risks. This study investigates the stereoselective binding of the R-(−)- and S-(+)-enantiomers of penthiopyrad to bovine and human serum albumin (BSA/HSA) using a combination of spectroscopic techniques, density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and molecular docking. The results indicate that S-(+)-penthiopyrad exhibits a significantly stronger quenching effect on the intrinsic fluorescence of both HSA and BSA than R-(−)-penthiopyrad, suggesting a higher binding affinity, which is consistent with DFT predictions. Specifically, the binding constants (ΔG) of S-(+)-penthiopyrad with BSA and HSA were −31.80 kJ/mol and −35.68 kJ/mol, respectively, compared to −30.42 kJ/mol and −33.82 kJ/mol for R-(−)-penthiopyrad. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and FTIR analysis show that both enantiomers induce conformational changes in albumin secondary structures, reducing α-helical content by 3.6 % for S-(+)-penthiopyrad and 2.1 % for R-(−)-penthiopyrad in BSA, and by 2.7 % and 0.2 %, respectively, in HSA. Molecular docking identifies site II (subdomain IIIA) as the primary binding region, with hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions stabilizing the S-(+)-penthiopyrad complex more effectively. These findings underscore the higher environmental risk of S-(+)-penthiopyrad compared to R-(−)-penthiopyrad, advancing the molecular-level understanding of stereoselective behavior in chiral fungicides and guiding safer agrochemical development.
{"title":"Insight into the enantioselective of chiral penthiopyrad for serum albumin: Spectroscopic and computational approaches","authors":"Jingyuan Wang , Panpan Chen , Xingqiang Wei , Yifan Ma , Yi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.aac.2025.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aac.2025.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chiral pesticides, such as penthiopyrad, consist of enantiomers with differing biological activities and toxicological profiles, potentially leading to environmental risks. This study investigates the stereoselective binding of the R-(−)- and S-(+)-enantiomers of penthiopyrad to bovine and human serum albumin (BSA/HSA) using a combination of spectroscopic techniques, density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and molecular docking. The results indicate that S-(+)-penthiopyrad exhibits a significantly stronger quenching effect on the intrinsic fluorescence of both HSA and BSA than R-(−)-penthiopyrad, suggesting a higher binding affinity, which is consistent with DFT predictions. Specifically, the binding constants (<em>ΔG</em>) of S-(+)-penthiopyrad with BSA and HSA were −31.80 kJ/mol and −35.68 kJ/mol, respectively, compared to −30.42 kJ/mol and −33.82 kJ/mol for R-(−)-penthiopyrad. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and FTIR analysis show that both enantiomers induce conformational changes in albumin secondary structures, reducing α-helical content by 3.6 % for S-(+)-penthiopyrad and 2.1 % for R-(−)-penthiopyrad in BSA, and by 2.7 % and 0.2 %, respectively, in HSA. Molecular docking identifies site II (subdomain IIIA) as the primary binding region, with hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions stabilizing the S-(+)-penthiopyrad complex more effectively. These findings underscore the higher environmental risk of S-(+)-penthiopyrad compared to R-(−)-penthiopyrad, advancing the molecular-level understanding of stereoselective behavior in chiral fungicides and guiding safer agrochemical development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100027,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Agrochem","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 249-259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145128313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.aac.2025.03.003
Hanna Huliaieva, Iryna Tokovenko, Mykhailo Bohdan, Maksym Kharchuk
The study of the impact of high-temperature stress on the plant-phytopathogen system, including using nanoparticles, is relevant in connection with climate changes. Therefore, our work was aimed at studying the impact of high-temperature stress on the physiological, biochemical, and growth processes of lentil plants under the conditions of pre-sowing treatment of seeds with Mo nanocitrates (Mo Ncit) and artificial infection with phytopathogenic microorganisms. Under high-temperature stress at 32–34 °C (humidity 45 and 40 %) in field conditions, a decrease in the photochemical activity of leaves of intact lentil plants was observed, due to the acclimatization of the photosynthetic apparatus. Infection with phytopathogenic phytoplasmas and bacteria disrupted the balance of free radicals in leaf tissues, because of which the activity of antioxidant enzymes SOD, POD, and phenolic compounds increased. This was likely the main reason for the disruption of the adaptation of the photosynthetic apparatus of plants to high-temperature stress under artificial infection with phytopathogenic phytoplasmas and bacteria, which destroyed pigment-protein complexes of PS II. As a result, the chlorophyll content in the leaves decreased. At the same time, physiological and biochemical changes in metabolism at pre-sowing seed treatment with Mo Ncit compared to the control, caused an increase in the productivity of lentil plants in natural conditions under the combined action of various factors during the growing season: temperature fluctuations, air humidity, infection with phytopathogenic microorganisms. Therefore, infection with phytopathogenic microorganisms worsened the growth processes of plants, including due to a decrease in the adaptation of the photosynthetic apparatus to high-temperature stress. It is worth emphasizing that pre-treatment with molybdenum nanocitrates had a growth-stimulating and, to some extent, adaptive effect on plants and increased tolerance to phytopathogens.
{"title":"Adaptation of lentils to high-temperature stress at phytopathogenic infection and application of molybdenum nanoparticles","authors":"Hanna Huliaieva, Iryna Tokovenko, Mykhailo Bohdan, Maksym Kharchuk","doi":"10.1016/j.aac.2025.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aac.2025.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study of the impact of high-temperature stress on the plant-phytopathogen system, including using nanoparticles, is relevant in connection with climate changes. Therefore, our work was aimed at studying the impact of high-temperature stress on the physiological, biochemical, and growth processes of lentil plants under the conditions of pre-sowing treatment of seeds with Mo nanocitrates (Mo Ncit) and artificial infection with phytopathogenic microorganisms. Under high-temperature stress at 32–34 °C (humidity 45 and 40 %) in field conditions, a decrease in the photochemical activity of leaves of intact lentil plants was observed, due to the acclimatization of the photosynthetic apparatus. Infection with phytopathogenic phytoplasmas and bacteria disrupted the balance of free radicals in leaf tissues, because of which the activity of antioxidant enzymes SOD, POD, and phenolic compounds increased. This was likely the main reason for the disruption of the adaptation of the photosynthetic apparatus of plants to high-temperature stress under artificial infection with phytopathogenic phytoplasmas and bacteria, which destroyed pigment-protein complexes of PS II. As a result, the chlorophyll content in the leaves decreased. At the same time, physiological and biochemical changes in metabolism at pre-sowing seed treatment with Mo Ncit compared to the control, caused an increase in the productivity of lentil plants in natural conditions under the combined action of various factors during the growing season: temperature fluctuations, air humidity, infection with phytopathogenic microorganisms. Therefore, infection with phytopathogenic microorganisms worsened the growth processes of plants, including due to a decrease in the adaptation of the photosynthetic apparatus to high-temperature stress. It is worth emphasizing that pre-treatment with molybdenum nanocitrates had a growth-stimulating and, to some extent, adaptive effect on plants and increased tolerance to phytopathogens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100027,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Agrochem","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 271-281"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145128315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Conventional agrochemical plant biostimulants have been used to increase crop yield and stress resistance, and this strategy continues to be integral to today's farming. While effective, the large-scale implantations of these products are not without environmental, ecological, and cost concerns and the associated climate-change challenges. To alleviate this long-standing pressure on agriculture, designing and developing more biocompatible and sustainable plant stimulants are among the primary focuses of agricultural management. Over the recent decades, the field has witnessed significant progress in emerging naturally derived or nature-inspired nano-biostimulants with large-active-surface areas, including bio-compounds, biopolymers, and nanocarbons. However, the extraction/preparation of these products may apply additional costs or require specific equipment. More recently, the field's attention has shifted to the sustainable application of chemical-additive-free biostimulants towards practical applications in nano-agriculture. Herein, we rationally designed and reported the first evidence and elucidation on biostimulant impacts of plant-self-derived nano-extracts from donor Arabidopsis thaliana as a model for inducing mirror biostimulant activities in conspecific host seeds, seedlings, and plants. Moreover, we assessed the effect of donor plants' age on short--, mid-, and long-term biocompatibility, growth, and development/maturation of the recipient plants for up to around 30 days. As a proof-of-concept, we found these autologous bio-extracts could effectively promote seed sprouting, seedling germination, and the development of soil-drenched plants of the same types. Our transmission-electron microscopy characterization of root/shoot pieces shows the presence of multiple phyto-compounds, including microtubules/actin filaments, cell vacuoles, Golgi stacks/endoplasmic reticulum, cell wall polysaccharide-based cellulose fibers, and organic amorphous nanoparticles and clusters of carbon quantum dots in the structure of these extracts. This personalized plant stimulation may induce further growth/defense-related mechanisms, setting new paradigms toward reducing the agrochemical inputs.
{"title":"Sustainable extraction of personalized plant nano-stimulants from conspecific donor plants to induce mirror biostimulant activity in identical host plants","authors":"Soofia Khanahmadi , Maik Böhmer , Alireza Rafieerad","doi":"10.1016/j.aac.2025.03.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aac.2025.03.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conventional agrochemical plant biostimulants have been used to increase crop yield and stress resistance, and this strategy continues to be integral to today's farming. While effective, the large-scale implantations of these products are not without environmental, ecological, and cost concerns and the associated climate-change challenges. To alleviate this long-standing pressure on agriculture, designing and developing more biocompatible and sustainable plant stimulants are among the primary focuses of agricultural management. Over the recent decades, the field has witnessed significant progress in emerging naturally derived or nature-inspired nano-biostimulants with large-active-surface areas, including bio-compounds, biopolymers, and nanocarbons. However, the extraction/preparation of these products may apply additional costs or require specific equipment. More recently, the field's attention has shifted to the sustainable application of chemical-additive-free biostimulants towards practical applications in nano-agriculture. Herein, we rationally designed and reported the first evidence and elucidation on biostimulant impacts of plant-self-derived nano-extracts from donor <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em> as a model for inducing mirror biostimulant activities in conspecific host seeds, seedlings, and plants. Moreover, we assessed the effect of donor plants' age on short--, mid-, and long-term biocompatibility, growth, and development/maturation of the recipient plants for up to around 30 days. As a proof-of-concept, we found these autologous bio-extracts could effectively promote seed sprouting, seedling germination, and the development of soil-drenched plants of the same types. Our transmission-electron microscopy characterization of root/shoot pieces shows the presence of multiple phyto-compounds, including microtubules/actin filaments, cell vacuoles, Golgi stacks/endoplasmic reticulum, cell wall polysaccharide-based cellulose fibers, and organic amorphous nanoparticles and clusters of carbon quantum dots in the structure of these extracts. This personalized plant stimulation may induce further growth/defense-related mechanisms, setting new paradigms toward reducing the agrochemical inputs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100027,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Agrochem","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 282-295"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145128316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.aac.2025.08.003
Qianqian Wu , Ge Gao , Yuanheng Li , Chen Zhang , Hao Yan , Naihan Xu , Ying Tan
The integration of RNA interference (RNAi) technology with nanotechnology shows significant potential in overcoming the limitations of traditional double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) delivery systems, thereby enabling more efficient dsRNA delivery. Nanoparticles for dsRNA delivery have the potential to enhance the efficiency of RNAi and improve system stability. In this study, we discuss the limitations of conventional RNAi-based biopesticides, systematically introduce common nanoparticle carriers used for RNA pesticide delivery, analyze the interactions between nanoparticles and dsRNA during the delivery, and finally emphasize the overall limitations, associated risks, and challenges in practical applications.
{"title":"Nanoparticle-loaded dsRNA delivery system for pesticides: status and perspective","authors":"Qianqian Wu , Ge Gao , Yuanheng Li , Chen Zhang , Hao Yan , Naihan Xu , Ying Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.aac.2025.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aac.2025.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The integration of RNA interference (RNAi) technology with nanotechnology shows significant potential in overcoming the limitations of traditional double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) delivery systems, thereby enabling more efficient dsRNA delivery. Nanoparticles for dsRNA delivery have the potential to enhance the efficiency of RNAi and improve system stability. In this study, we discuss the limitations of conventional RNAi-based biopesticides, systematically introduce common nanoparticle carriers used for RNA pesticide delivery, analyze the interactions between nanoparticles and dsRNA during the delivery, and finally emphasize the overall limitations, associated risks, and challenges in practical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100027,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Agrochem","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 235-248"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145128312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.aac.2025.04.002
Yuwei Jin , Xue Yuan , Yijun Lu , Guopeng Teng , Chunhui Zhou , Yuexiang Wang , Huan Xu , Zhengyan Wu , Jia Zhang
Herbicides are the most widely used class of pesticides in modern agriculture, while they are still problematic for their off-target hazards due to volatility, drift, and leaching. Nanoformulations appear to be a promising alternative to those traditional counterparts as herbicidal delivery systems in presenting equivalent control efficacy and higher biosafety profile, but there is no approach yet to dynamically track the release of herbicidal active ingredients in weeds. To bridge the gap between the visualization of herbicidal efficacy with nanoformulation and the mechanistic understanding of the active ingredient release in vivo, we present a proof-of-concept study on the development of a green nanoformulation of herbicide (nanoherbicide) delivering 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) based on the co-assembly of MCPA and cationic carbon dot. The release of MCPA can be tracked in vivo via a fluorescence lighting-up strategy, due to the disassembly of the nanoherbicide in weeds and the liberation of carbon dot. Compared to active ingredient, the nanoherbicide exhibits reduced volatilization rate, improved foliar affinity, and retarded leaching effect in the soil, and the hazards on off-target organisms including farming plant, soil enzymes and microbiota are appreciably minimized. Due to the characteristics of carbon dot's fluorescence quenching and lightening as the nanoherbicide forms and disassembles, respectively, the entry, translocation, and disassembly of the nanoherbicide in weeds are recorded with fluorescent microscopy. Additionally, the timing to observe the disassembly state ex vivo and to visualize the early symptoms of weed wilting match, suggesting that the released MCPA retains mechanism of action against weeds. In contrast to other labelled nanoherbicides displaying stable fluorescence, this self-reportable fluorescence lighting-up nanoherbicide provides a viable solution to predict/correlate the herbicidal efficacy with fluorescence more realistically.
{"title":"A self-reportable fluorescence lighting-up nanoherbicide with minimized off-target hazards","authors":"Yuwei Jin , Xue Yuan , Yijun Lu , Guopeng Teng , Chunhui Zhou , Yuexiang Wang , Huan Xu , Zhengyan Wu , Jia Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.aac.2025.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aac.2025.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Herbicides are the most widely used class of pesticides in modern agriculture, while they are still problematic for their off-target hazards due to volatility, drift, and leaching. Nanoformulations appear to be a promising alternative to those traditional counterparts as herbicidal delivery systems in presenting equivalent control efficacy and higher biosafety profile, but there is no approach yet to dynamically track the release of herbicidal active ingredients in weeds. To bridge the gap between the visualization of herbicidal efficacy with nanoformulation and the mechanistic understanding of the active ingredient release <em>in vivo</em>, we present a proof-of-concept study on the development of a green nanoformulation of herbicide (nanoherbicide) delivering 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) based on the co-assembly of MCPA and cationic carbon dot. The release of MCPA can be tracked <em>in vivo</em> via a fluorescence lighting-up strategy, due to the disassembly of the nanoherbicide in weeds and the liberation of carbon dot. Compared to active ingredient, the nanoherbicide exhibits reduced volatilization rate, improved foliar affinity, and retarded leaching effect in the soil, and the hazards on off-target organisms including farming plant, soil enzymes and microbiota are appreciably minimized. Due to the characteristics of carbon dot's fluorescence quenching and lightening as the nanoherbicide forms and disassembles, respectively, the entry, translocation, and disassembly of the nanoherbicide in weeds are recorded with fluorescent microscopy. Additionally, the timing to observe the disassembly state <em>ex vivo</em> and to visualize the early symptoms of weed wilting match, suggesting that the released MCPA retains mechanism of action against weeds. In contrast to other labelled nanoherbicides displaying stable fluorescence, this self-reportable fluorescence lighting-up nanoherbicide provides a viable solution to predict/correlate the herbicidal efficacy with fluorescence more realistically.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100027,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Agrochem","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 296-306"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145128317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.aac.2025.05.004
Stefano Di Rago , Francesco Morandi , Fabio Pizzetti, Filippo Rossi
The high necessity to develop novel and optimized technologies for crop production is very high due to the exponential growth in term of world population of the last years. In this field a novel use of fertilizers and pesticides can ameliorate the life conditions around the world due to the higher productivity with lower losses and consequent less environmental problems related to pollution. To address these challenges a very promising solution is constituted by devices able to control and sustain the release of fertilizers and pesticide optimizing their efficacy preserving the environment. In the last decade a lot of efforts, in terms of research, were dedicated to the development of smart devices that can address those issues maintaining also low costs and easy production processes. In this review we will point the attention on devices that can be used as slow release systems for fertilizers and/or pesticides. In details strong consideration will be devoted to their formulation to increase the knowledge on the high number of possibilities behind these novel and smart devices.
{"title":"Advances in controlled release systems for sustainable crop production: A review of nano-, micro-, and macro-formulations","authors":"Stefano Di Rago , Francesco Morandi , Fabio Pizzetti, Filippo Rossi","doi":"10.1016/j.aac.2025.05.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aac.2025.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The high necessity to develop novel and optimized technologies for crop production is very high due to the exponential growth in term of world population of the last years. In this field a novel use of fertilizers and pesticides can ameliorate the life conditions around the world due to the higher productivity with lower losses and consequent less environmental problems related to pollution. To address these challenges a very promising solution is constituted by devices able to control and sustain the release of fertilizers and pesticide optimizing their efficacy preserving the environment. In the last decade a lot of efforts, in terms of research, were dedicated to the development of smart devices that can address those issues maintaining also low costs and easy production processes. In this review we will point the attention on devices that can be used as slow release systems for fertilizers and/or pesticides. In details strong consideration will be devoted to their formulation to increase the knowledge on the high number of possibilities behind these novel and smart devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100027,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Agrochem","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 188-206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145128272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.aac.2025.07.001
Monika Stojanova , Sani Demiri , Marina T. Stojanova , Dragutin A. Djukic , Yalcin Kaya
Nanofertilizers represent a breakthrough in sustainable agriculture, offering innovative solutions to improve nutrient efficiency, crop productivity, and environmental resilience. Engineered at the nanoscale, these fertilizers possess unique physicochemical properties, such as increased surface area, targeted delivery, and controlled release, which enhance nutrient uptake while reducing losses associated with conventional fertilizers. This review examines the evolving role of nanofertilizers in sustainable agricultural systems, exploring technological innovations, benefits, limitations, and potential risks. It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of their significance in advancing food security and environmental sustainability, while highlighting critical areas for future research and policy development. In particular, nanofertilizers show strong potential in improving food quality and safety by enhancing crop nutritional content, reducing pesticide residues, and boosting plant resistance to environmental stressors. Their roles in biofortification of staple crops such as wheat, rice, and maize could play a crucial part in addressing widespread micronutrient deficiencies globally. Furthermore, integrating nanofertilizers with precision agriculture technologies, including GPS mapping, remote sensing, and smart sensors, could enable site-specific nutrient management, optimizing fertilizer use and reducing environmental impact. However, concerns remain regarding their long-term effects on soil health, water systems, human health, and non-target organisms. Limited regulatory frameworks and high production costs also pose significant barriers to widespread adoption. This review underscores the need for interdisciplinary collaboration, green synthesis approaches, and ecosystem-level studies to ensure the safe and effective use of nanofertilizers. Ultimately, nanofertilizers offer transformative potential to support sustainable food systems and meet the growing demands of the global population.
{"title":"From cultivation to Consumption: Evaluating the effects of nano fertilizers on food quality and safety","authors":"Monika Stojanova , Sani Demiri , Marina T. Stojanova , Dragutin A. Djukic , Yalcin Kaya","doi":"10.1016/j.aac.2025.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aac.2025.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanofertilizers represent a breakthrough in sustainable agriculture, offering innovative solutions to improve nutrient efficiency, crop productivity, and environmental resilience. Engineered at the nanoscale, these fertilizers possess unique physicochemical properties, such as increased surface area, targeted delivery, and controlled release, which enhance nutrient uptake while reducing losses associated with conventional fertilizers. This review examines the evolving role of nanofertilizers in sustainable agricultural systems, exploring technological innovations, benefits, limitations, and potential risks. It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of their significance in advancing food security and environmental sustainability, while highlighting critical areas for future research and policy development. In particular, nanofertilizers show strong potential in improving food quality and safety by enhancing crop nutritional content, reducing pesticide residues, and boosting plant resistance to environmental stressors. Their roles in biofortification of staple crops such as wheat, rice, and maize could play a crucial part in addressing widespread micronutrient deficiencies globally. Furthermore, integrating nanofertilizers with precision agriculture technologies, including GPS mapping, remote sensing, and smart sensors, could enable site-specific nutrient management, optimizing fertilizer use and reducing environmental impact. However, concerns remain regarding their long-term effects on soil health, water systems, human health, and non-target organisms. Limited regulatory frameworks and high production costs also pose significant barriers to widespread adoption. This review underscores the need for interdisciplinary collaboration, green synthesis approaches, and ecosystem-level studies to ensure the safe and effective use of nanofertilizers. Ultimately, nanofertilizers offer transformative potential to support sustainable food systems and meet the growing demands of the global population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100027,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Agrochem","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 217-234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145128311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.aac.2025.02.001
Yujun Xu , Long Hao , Pengyue Zhao , Ducai Liu , Xile Deng , Xiuhai Gan
The low efficiency of herbicide formulations poses environmental risks during spraying. Nano-based encapsulation technology can enhance utilization efficiency for sustainable agriculture. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) serve as potential nanocarriers for pesticide loading, although their poor solubility limits the loading capacity. Herein, the insoluble herbicide quinclorac (QNC) was loaded into a pyrene-based COF (BA-COF) via one-step solvothermal synthesis to fabricate a nanoherbicide formulation (QNC@BA-COF). Molecular dynamics simulations showed that QNC molecules were loaded into the BA-COF via π-π stacking interactions. QNC@BA-COF was 44.7 % more effective against barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli) than commercial QNC wettable powder (QNC WP) at 100 g ai/hm2, with minimal adverse effects on rice (Oryza sativa) seedlings and reduced toxicity toward zebrafish (Danio rerio), and human cells. Additionally, QNC@BA-COF-treated soil contained more beneficial microbes than those treated with QNC. This study presents a novel method for loading insoluble agrochemicals and a promising nanoherbicide formulation for sustainable agriculture.
除草剂配方效率低，在喷洒过程中存在环境风险。纳米封装技术可以提高可持续农业的利用效率。共价有机框架（COFs）是潜在的农药负载纳米载体，但其溶解度差限制了其负载能力。本文采用一步溶剂热合成的方法，将不溶性除草剂二氯丙酸（QNC）负载到芘基COF （BA-COF）中，制备了纳米除草剂配方（QNC@BA-COF）。分子动力学模拟表明，QNC分子通过π-π堆叠相互作用被加载到BA-COF中。QNC@BA-COF对稗草（Echinochloa crus-galli）的防治效果比100 g /hm2的QNC可湿性粉剂（QNC WP）高44.7%，对水稻（Oryza sativa）幼苗的不良影响最小，对斑马鱼（Danio rerio）和人体细胞的毒性降低。此外，QNC@BA-COF-treated土壤比QNC处理的土壤含有更多的有益微生物。本研究提出了一种装载不溶性农药的新方法和一种有前途的可持续农业纳米除草剂配方。
{"title":"Fabrication of a nano-herbicide QNC@BA-COF with high control efficiency and reduced side effects","authors":"Yujun Xu , Long Hao , Pengyue Zhao , Ducai Liu , Xile Deng , Xiuhai Gan","doi":"10.1016/j.aac.2025.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aac.2025.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The low efficiency of herbicide formulations poses environmental risks during spraying. Nano-based encapsulation technology can enhance utilization efficiency for sustainable agriculture. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) serve as potential nanocarriers for pesticide loading, although their poor solubility limits the loading capacity. Herein, the insoluble herbicide quinclorac (QNC) was loaded into a pyrene-based COF (BA-COF) via one-step solvothermal synthesis to fabricate a nanoherbicide formulation (QNC@BA-COF). Molecular dynamics simulations showed that QNC molecules were loaded into the BA-COF via π-π stacking interactions. QNC@BA-COF was 44.7 % more effective against barnyard grass (<em>Echinochloa crus-galli</em>) than commercial QNC wettable powder (QNC WP) at 100 g ai/hm<sup>2</sup>, with minimal adverse effects on rice (<em>Oryza sativa</em>) seedlings and reduced toxicity toward zebrafish (<em>Danio rerio</em>), and human cells. Additionally, QNC@BA-COF-treated soil contained more beneficial microbes than those treated with QNC. This study presents a novel method for loading insoluble agrochemicals and a promising nanoherbicide formulation for sustainable agriculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100027,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Agrochem","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 260-270"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145128314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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