Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.adna.2025.11.001
Lanbing Zou , Xinyan Gong , Baixue Fu, Jianfeng Liu, Yumin Zhang, Cuihong Yang
Trained immunity represents a paradigm shift in immunology, wherein innate immune cells acquire antigen-agnostic memory through epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming, enabling enhanced responses to secondary challenges. However, conventional trained immunity inducers have limitations including poor targeting, transient efficacy and systemic toxicity. Engineered nanoformulations including polymeric nanoparticles, inorganic carriers and nanovesicles can enhance inducer bioavailability, and prolong tissue retention. And it can achieve precise delivery to hematopoietic organs (bone marrow, spleen) or specific immune cells (macrophages, dendritic cells), amplifying trained immunity while mitigating off-target effects. Therapeutically, nano-optimized inducers demonstrate significant efficacy across pathologies including oncology, sepsis, autoimmune diseases and so on. In this article, we review the latest progress of nanomaterials-mediated trained immunity and its application in diseases treatment. We focus on different nanomaterials used as specific trained immunity inducers. Subsequently, we describe the applications of nanomaterials-based trained immunity in different diseases. Finally, we look forward to the key challenges faced by nanomaterials-based trained immunity and the directions for future development.
{"title":"Nanomaterials-mediated trained immunity: Progress and prospects for disease treatment","authors":"Lanbing Zou , Xinyan Gong , Baixue Fu, Jianfeng Liu, Yumin Zhang, Cuihong Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.adna.2025.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.adna.2025.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Trained immunity represents a paradigm shift in immunology, wherein innate immune cells acquire antigen-agnostic memory through epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming, enabling enhanced responses to secondary challenges. However, conventional trained immunity inducers have limitations including poor targeting, transient efficacy and systemic toxicity. Engineered nanoformulations including polymeric nanoparticles, inorganic carriers and nanovesicles can enhance inducer bioavailability, and prolong tissue retention. And it can achieve precise delivery to hematopoietic organs (bone marrow, spleen) or specific immune cells (macrophages, dendritic cells), amplifying trained immunity while mitigating off-target effects. Therapeutically, nano-optimized inducers demonstrate significant efficacy across pathologies including oncology, sepsis, autoimmune diseases and so on. In this article, we review the latest progress of nanomaterials-mediated trained immunity and its application in diseases treatment. We focus on different nanomaterials used as specific trained immunity inducers. Subsequently, we describe the applications of nanomaterials-based trained immunity in different diseases. Finally, we look forward to the key challenges faced by nanomaterials-based trained immunity and the directions for future development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100034,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Nanocomposites","volume":"2 ","pages":"Pages 341-359"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145623378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.adna.2025.11.002
Xiao-zhou Mou , Wei Cao , Tian Xia
The microenvironment has been recognized as a critical determinant in the pathogenesis of cancer, autoimmune diseases and allergy. Effective therapies must therefore target the microenvironment to achieve either immune activation or immune tolerance, depending on the disease context. Recent advances in nanocomposite-based therapeutics have provided new opportunities to precisely modulate immune microenvironments and improve therapeutic efficacy. This short review summarizes recent progress and ongoing challenges in this rapidly evolving field. We discuss how targeted immune modulation has revolutionized modern medicine by selectively adjusting immune responses, enhancing immunity against cancers and infectious diseases, or inducing tolerance in autoimmune and allergic disorders. Finally, we highlight how nanotechnology-driven microenvironment targeting enhances specificity, minimizes off-target effects, and offers a powerful platform for next-generation immune therapies.
{"title":"Biomedical nanocomposites targeting microenvironments for cancer or autoimmune disease treatment through immune modulation","authors":"Xiao-zhou Mou , Wei Cao , Tian Xia","doi":"10.1016/j.adna.2025.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.adna.2025.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The microenvironment has been recognized as a critical determinant in the pathogenesis of cancer, autoimmune diseases and allergy. Effective therapies must therefore target the microenvironment to achieve either immune activation or immune tolerance, depending on the disease context. Recent advances in nanocomposite-based therapeutics have provided new opportunities to precisely modulate immune microenvironments and improve therapeutic efficacy. This short review summarizes recent progress and ongoing challenges in this rapidly evolving field. We discuss how targeted immune modulation has revolutionized modern medicine by selectively adjusting immune responses, enhancing immunity against cancers and infectious diseases, or inducing tolerance in autoimmune and allergic disorders. Finally, we highlight how nanotechnology-driven microenvironment targeting enhances specificity, minimizes off-target effects, and offers a powerful platform for next-generation immune therapies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100034,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Nanocomposites","volume":"2 ","pages":"Pages 360-368"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145623377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-29DOI: 10.1016/j.adna.2025.11.003
Pouya Rajaee , Zhiyong Li , Cheng Yan
Bone achieves exceptional performance by integrating strength, toughness and biological function. Replicating this synergy through synthetic scaffolds remains a major challenge in bone tissue engineering. Conventional biomaterials typically provide mechanical strength or toughness, but infrequently both. Nacre-inspired composite and nanocomposite scaffolds offer an attractive alternative due to their brick-and-mortar structure, which provides strength and toughness similar to cortical bone at the same time. However, almost all reported nacre-inspired scaffolds emphasized mechanical evaluations over important biological characteristics such as vascularization and osteoinductive potential. All currently proposed designs are dense and in bulk form, neglecting the inherent porosity of cortical bone and its pivotal functions in vascular integration, tissue remodeling and nutrient distribution. This review critically assesses recent progress, highlights unresolved issues and proposes future directions for evolving nacre-inspired scaffolds into multifunctional systems that can support clinical bone regeneration.
{"title":"Nacre-inspired composites for load-bearing bone regeneration","authors":"Pouya Rajaee , Zhiyong Li , Cheng Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.adna.2025.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.adna.2025.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bone achieves exceptional performance by integrating strength, toughness and biological function. Replicating this synergy through synthetic scaffolds remains a major challenge in bone tissue engineering. Conventional biomaterials typically provide mechanical strength or toughness, but infrequently both. Nacre-inspired composite and nanocomposite scaffolds offer an attractive alternative due to their brick-and-mortar structure, which provides strength and toughness similar to cortical bone at the same time. However, almost all reported nacre-inspired scaffolds emphasized mechanical evaluations over important biological characteristics such as vascularization and osteoinductive potential. All currently proposed designs are dense and in bulk form, neglecting the inherent porosity of cortical bone and its pivotal functions in vascular integration, tissue remodeling and nutrient distribution. This review critically assesses recent progress, highlights unresolved issues and proposes future directions for evolving nacre-inspired scaffolds into multifunctional systems that can support clinical bone regeneration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100034,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Nanocomposites","volume":"3 ","pages":"Pages 1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145712469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.adna.2025.10.004
Wenke Yang , Jiahan Dong , Hongsen Long , Pengfei Zhan , Hu Liu , Chuntai Liu , Changyu Shen
Electromagnetic interference (EMI) poses a growing challenge for wearable electronics, wireless communication and aerospace systems, driving the need for shielding materials that are lightweight, flexible and durable under extreme conditions. We developed polyimide (PI)/carbon nanotube (CNT) composite films through solution casting and thermal imidization. The thermal stability, chemical resistance and mechanical strength of PI, together with the high conductivity of CNTs, created dense and uniform conductive networks in the polymer. The optimized PI/CNT-7:3 films achieved conductivity of 1.96 × 103 S m−1 and EMI shielding effectiveness of 39.7 dB in the X-band. The composites retained strong shielding at −196 °C and 150 °C, in corrosive NaCl/HCl solutions and after 500 bending cycles, with efficiency loss below 1.53 %. They also provided rapid and stable Joule heating at low voltages (< 6 V), reaching 142 °C within seconds and enabling efficient electrothermal de-icing. With high EMI shielding, environmental durability, flexibility and multifunctional electrothermal capability, PI/CNT films should offer a robust platform for next-generation wearable electronics, aerospace communication, defense technologies and thermal management devices.
{"title":"Flexible polyimide-based conductive composite film with confined carbon nanotubes networks for EMI shielding and joule heating","authors":"Wenke Yang , Jiahan Dong , Hongsen Long , Pengfei Zhan , Hu Liu , Chuntai Liu , Changyu Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.adna.2025.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.adna.2025.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electromagnetic interference (EMI) poses a growing challenge for wearable electronics, wireless communication and aerospace systems, driving the need for shielding materials that are lightweight, flexible and durable under extreme conditions. We developed polyimide (PI)/carbon nanotube (CNT) composite films through solution casting and thermal imidization. The thermal stability, chemical resistance and mechanical strength of PI, together with the high conductivity of CNTs, created dense and uniform conductive networks in the polymer. The optimized PI/CNT-7:3 films achieved conductivity of 1.96 × 10<sup>3</sup> S m<sup>−1</sup> and EMI shielding effectiveness of 39.7 dB in the X-band. The composites retained strong shielding at −196 °C and 150 °C, in corrosive NaCl/HCl solutions and after 500 bending cycles, with efficiency loss below 1.53 %. They also provided rapid and stable Joule heating at low voltages (< 6 V), reaching 142 °C within seconds and enabling efficient electrothermal de-icing. With high EMI shielding, environmental durability, flexibility and multifunctional electrothermal capability, PI/CNT films should offer a robust platform for next-generation wearable electronics, aerospace communication, defense technologies and thermal management devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100034,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Nanocomposites","volume":"2 ","pages":"Pages 322-330"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145473722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.adna.2025.10.003
Ruili Wang , Qingyi Tian , Ci Duan , Junjun Wang , Kaojin Wang , XX. Zhu , Meifang Zhu
Graphene oxide (GO), as a two-dimensional layered material, possesses excellent mechanical property and biocompatibility, which is of great importance in the field of dentistry. However, its dark-brown color negatively affects the esthetic appearance of dental restorative composites. In this study, the core-shell GO-wrapped TiO2 (GOx@TiO2) particles were synthesized via the electrostatic self-assembly, and their optical property was precisely tuned by varying the weight ratio of GO to TiO2 (x = 0.005, 0.01, 0.05 and 0.1) in the microemulsion system. All these hybrid particles were surface silanized and formulated with the dimethacrylate-based matrix at different fractions (0.5, 1 and 2 wt%) to develop dental composites under visible-light curing. As a result, the GO0.005@TiO2-filled composite achieved the highest light transmittance and the highest depth of cure among all materials, due to the light-grey and the lowest UV absorbance of GO0.005@TiO2. Furthermore, the optimal 1 wt% GO0.005@TiO2 was selected to construct the bimodal filler formulation with micron-sized barium glass powder (BGP), thereby increasing the total filler fraction to 60 wt%. The 1G59B-filled composite exhibited the highest flexural strength (127.3 ± 13.5 MPa), compressive strength (315.4 ± 11.9 MPa) and fracture energy (2.6 ± 0.2 MJ/M3) than those of the 1 wt% GO0.005@TiO2-filled composite (97.3 ± 11.9 MPa; 272.8 ± 20.8 MPa; 1.9 ± 0.2 MJ/M3) and the resin matrix (67.8 ± 10.2 MPa; 216.6 ± 21.4 MPa; 2.3 ± 0.2 MJ/M3), respectively, without affecting cell activity in vitro. This optimal composite also exhibited satisfactory water sorption and solubility. The introduction of GO0.005@TiO2 particles and the bimodal filler provides a new approach for making high-strength dental composites and other related biomaterials.
{"title":"Electrostatic self-assembly of graphene oxide on TiO2 particles and their applications in dental restorative composites","authors":"Ruili Wang , Qingyi Tian , Ci Duan , Junjun Wang , Kaojin Wang , XX. Zhu , Meifang Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.adna.2025.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.adna.2025.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Graphene oxide (GO), as a two-dimensional layered material, possesses excellent mechanical property and biocompatibility, which is of great importance in the field of dentistry. However, its dark-brown color negatively affects the esthetic appearance of dental restorative composites. In this study, the core-shell GO-wrapped TiO<sub>2</sub> (GO<sub><em>x</em></sub>@TiO<sub>2</sub>) particles were synthesized via the electrostatic self-assembly, and their optical property was precisely tuned by varying the weight ratio of GO to TiO<sub>2</sub> (<em>x</em> = 0.005, 0.01, 0.05 and 0.1) in the microemulsion system. All these hybrid particles were surface silanized and formulated with the dimethacrylate-based matrix at different fractions (0.5, 1 and 2 wt%) to develop dental composites under visible-light curing. As a result, the GO<sub>0.005</sub>@TiO<sub>2</sub>-filled composite achieved the highest light transmittance and the highest depth of cure among all materials, due to the light-grey and the lowest UV absorbance of GO<sub>0.005</sub>@TiO<sub>2</sub>. Furthermore, the optimal 1 wt% GO<sub>0.005</sub>@TiO<sub>2</sub> was selected to construct the bimodal filler formulation with micron-sized barium glass powder (BGP), thereby increasing the total filler fraction to 60 wt%. The 1G59B-filled composite exhibited the highest flexural strength (127.3 ± 13.5 MPa), compressive strength (315.4 ± 11.9 MPa) and fracture energy (2.6 ± 0.2 MJ/M<sup>3</sup>) than those of the 1 wt% GO<sub>0.005</sub>@TiO<sub>2</sub>-filled composite (97.3 ± 11.9 MPa; 272.8 ± 20.8 MPa; 1.9 ± 0.2 MJ/M<sup>3</sup>) and the resin matrix (67.8 ± 10.2 MPa; 216.6 ± 21.4 MPa; 2.3 ± 0.2 MJ/M<sup>3</sup>), respectively, without affecting cell activity <em>in vitro</em>. This optimal composite also exhibited satisfactory water sorption and solubility. The introduction of GO<sub>0.005</sub>@TiO<sub>2</sub> particles and the bimodal filler provides a new approach for making high-strength dental composites and other related biomaterials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100034,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Nanocomposites","volume":"2 ","pages":"Pages 331-340"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145473828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.adna.2025.10.001
Nurul Hidayah Abu Bakar , Wan Norfazilah Wan Ismail , Muhammad Umair
Antibacterial coatings are transforming the textile industry by meeting the rising demand for hygienic and multifunctional fabrics in healthcare, sportswear and home textiles. These coatings inhibit microbial growth, control odor and enhance fabric durability. Among various strategies, nanocomposite-based coatings, particularly those incorporating metal nanoparticles such as silver and copper, exhibit strong antibacterial properties but face challenges related to environmental toxicity and diminished efficacy after repeated laundering. In contrast, biopolymer-based coatings that utilize materials like chitosan and alginate offer eco-friendly alternatives but struggle with long-term performance. Recent advances in hybrid organic/inorganic systems, nanocomposite coatings and superhydrophobic surfaces offer promising ways to overcome these challenges and deliver durable, sustainable antibacterial solutions. This review examines the mechanisms, materials and real-world performance of antibacterial fabric coatings, with a focus on innovations such as plasma pretreatment, crosslinking agents and multifunctional designs. Emphasis is placed on the need for environmentally safe, scalable and cost-effective technologies to meet the growing global demand for durable antibacterial textiles. The review highlights the need to develop coatings that maintain antibacterial effectiveness after repeated washing and environmental exposure to ensure long-term performance and sustainability.
{"title":"Antibacterial textile coatings with strategies for long-term performance and environmental safety","authors":"Nurul Hidayah Abu Bakar , Wan Norfazilah Wan Ismail , Muhammad Umair","doi":"10.1016/j.adna.2025.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.adna.2025.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antibacterial coatings are transforming the textile industry by meeting the rising demand for hygienic and multifunctional fabrics in healthcare, sportswear and home textiles. These coatings inhibit microbial growth, control odor and enhance fabric durability. Among various strategies, nanocomposite-based coatings, particularly those incorporating metal nanoparticles such as silver and copper, exhibit strong antibacterial properties but face challenges related to environmental toxicity and diminished efficacy after repeated laundering. In contrast, biopolymer-based coatings that utilize materials like chitosan and alginate offer eco-friendly alternatives but struggle with long-term performance. Recent advances in hybrid organic/inorganic systems, nanocomposite coatings and superhydrophobic surfaces offer promising ways to overcome these challenges and deliver durable, sustainable antibacterial solutions. This review examines the mechanisms, materials and real-world performance of antibacterial fabric coatings, with a focus on innovations such as plasma pretreatment, crosslinking agents and multifunctional designs. Emphasis is placed on the need for environmentally safe, scalable and cost-effective technologies to meet the growing global demand for durable antibacterial textiles. The review highlights the need to develop coatings that maintain antibacterial effectiveness after repeated washing and environmental exposure to ensure long-term performance and sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100034,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Nanocomposites","volume":"2 ","pages":"Pages 299-321"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145473723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-14DOI: 10.1016/j.adna.2025.10.002
Kaiwen Li , Bo Wang , Yanru Chen , Jiahao Lu , Yue Gao , Junsheng Wang , Lidan Wang , Bin Sun , Zhongzhen Yu , Zhiping Xu , Kai Pang , Yingjun Liu , Zhen Xu , Chao Gao
Polymer composites with high thermal conductivity (κ) are essential for advanced thermal management applications. Graphene has enabled thin films with κ values approaching 2000 W/m·K, yet bulk composites incorporating graphene fillers typically remain limited below 550 W/m·K. Here, we present an inverse phase enhancement (IPE) strategy that employs polymer resin as the reinforcing phase, yielding strong bulk composites with a record-high κ of 802 ± 10.9 W/m·K. A minimum polymer content of merely 5.9 % effectively improves the tensile strength of graphene laminated papers by 117 % while maintaining their promising κ. Mortise-tenon-like 2D joints of minimum polymers efficiently retard the sliding of graphene sheets and impede the catastrophic crack propagation. Our work opens a modular path to fully harness the exceptional κ of neat graphene assembled materials, enabling pivotal thermal applications of graphene bulk composites in heat dissipation for electronic devices and protective equipment.
{"title":"Strong graphene bulk composites with high thermal conductivity over 800 W/m·K","authors":"Kaiwen Li , Bo Wang , Yanru Chen , Jiahao Lu , Yue Gao , Junsheng Wang , Lidan Wang , Bin Sun , Zhongzhen Yu , Zhiping Xu , Kai Pang , Yingjun Liu , Zhen Xu , Chao Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.adna.2025.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.adna.2025.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polymer composites with high thermal conductivity (<em>κ</em>) are essential for advanced thermal management applications. Graphene has enabled thin films with <em>κ</em> values approaching 2000 W/m·K<em>,</em> yet bulk composites incorporating graphene fillers typically remain limited below 550 W/m·K. Here, we present an inverse phase enhancement (IPE) strategy that employs polymer resin as the reinforcing phase, yielding strong bulk composites with a record-high <em>κ</em> of 802 ± 10.9 W/m·K. A minimum polymer content of merely 5.9 % effectively improves the tensile strength of graphene laminated papers by 117 % while maintaining their promising <em>κ.</em> Mortise-tenon-like 2D joints of minimum polymers efficiently retard the sliding of graphene sheets and impede the catastrophic crack propagation. Our work opens a modular path to fully harness the exceptional <em>κ</em> of neat graphene assembled materials, enabling pivotal thermal applications of graphene bulk composites in heat dissipation for electronic devices and protective equipment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100034,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Nanocomposites","volume":"2 ","pages":"Pages 288-298"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145424596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-09DOI: 10.1016/j.adna.2025.09.005
Wafiq Alni Dzulhijjah , Sri Aprilia , Nasrul Arahman , Sri Mulyati , Muhammad Roil Bilad , Anisa Luthfiana
Membrane-based water purification technologies have significantly advanced in recent decades, yet membrane fouling remains a major obstacle to long-term efficiency. This work examines the use of nanomaterials derived from rice husk waste − specifically nanosilica and nanocellulose − integrated into Thin-Film Nanocomposite (TFN) membranes to improve antifouling performance. Rice husk, an abundant agro-industrial by-product, offers a unique combination of silica and cellulose. Rice husk-derived nanosilica is primarily amorphous with a high surface area, enabling better dispersion and bonding in polymer matrices compared to conventional silica sources. Similarly, nanocellulose from rice husk possesses favorable aspect ratios and abundant hydroxyl groups, promoting enhanced compatibility and integration into membrane structures. These properties contribute to improved hydrophilicity, mechanical strength and resistance to both organic and biological fouling. The work discusses extraction methods, structural characteristics and functional properties of these nanomaterials. It also evaluates their incorporation into TFN membranes via interfacial polymerization and compares their performance in fouling mitigation with other nanofillers. Recent studies indicate that those membranes with rice husk-derived nanosilica and nanocellulose exhibit improved water flux and fouling resistance without sacrificing selectivity. Moreover, these materials align with circular economy goals by transforming agricult1ural waste into valuable membrane additives. This study provides a synthesis of advancements in sustainable nanomaterials for membrane technology, offering insights for future research and industrial scale-up.
{"title":"Rice husk-derived nanosilica and nanocellulose as antifouling agents in thin-film nanocomposite membranes","authors":"Wafiq Alni Dzulhijjah , Sri Aprilia , Nasrul Arahman , Sri Mulyati , Muhammad Roil Bilad , Anisa Luthfiana","doi":"10.1016/j.adna.2025.09.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.adna.2025.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Membrane-based water purification technologies have significantly advanced in recent decades, yet membrane fouling remains a major obstacle to long-term efficiency. This work examines the use of nanomaterials derived from rice husk waste − specifically nanosilica and nanocellulose − integrated into Thin-Film Nanocomposite (TFN) membranes to improve antifouling performance. Rice husk, an abundant agro-industrial by-product, offers a unique combination of silica and cellulose. Rice husk-derived nanosilica is primarily amorphous with a high surface area, enabling better dispersion and bonding in polymer matrices compared to conventional silica sources. Similarly, nanocellulose from rice husk possesses favorable aspect ratios and abundant hydroxyl groups, promoting enhanced compatibility and integration into membrane structures. These properties contribute to improved hydrophilicity, mechanical strength and resistance to both organic and biological fouling. The work discusses extraction methods, structural characteristics and functional properties of these nanomaterials. It also evaluates their incorporation into TFN membranes via interfacial polymerization and compares their performance in fouling mitigation with other nanofillers. Recent studies indicate that those membranes with rice husk-derived nanosilica and nanocellulose exhibit improved water flux and fouling resistance without sacrificing selectivity. Moreover, these materials align with circular economy goals by transforming agricult1ural waste into valuable membrane additives. This study provides a synthesis of advancements in sustainable nanomaterials for membrane technology, offering insights for future research and industrial scale-up.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100034,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Nanocomposites","volume":"3 ","pages":"Pages 63-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-24DOI: 10.1016/j.adna.2025.09.004
Hongli Cheng , Yajun Xue , Ming Huang , Bing Zhou , Yuezhan Feng , Liwei Mi , Xianhu Liu , Chuntai Liu
Lightweight, porous and conductive films represent a promising solution for effective electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. Nevertheless, the simultaneous integration of porous architectures and electromagnetic synergistic components remains a significant challenge. This work presents an innovative fabrication strategy that combines sequential vacuum-assisted filtration with in-situ hydrazine hydrate-mediated foaming. This approach simultaneously constructs a 3D porous architecture while reducing nickel precursors to magnetic nanoparticles, ultimately yielding lightweight MXene/rGO-Ni (fMG-Ni) porous films with tunable electromagnetic properties. The engineered porous architecture facilitates multiple internal reflections and scattering of electromagnetic waves, while the synergistic combination of conductive MXene/rGO and magnetic Ni components induces complementary dielectric and magnetic loss mechanisms. These combined effects endow the porous film with effective EMI shielding properties. The optimized fMG-Ni porous film with an ultralow density of 0.246 g/cm³ and a minimal thickness of 163 μm exhibits an outstanding electrical conductivity of 1062.81 S/m and an EMI shielding effectiveness of 37.9 dB in X-band, achieving a high specific shielding efficiency of 9452 dB·cm²·g⁻¹ and long-term stability (94.3 % retention after 5 months). This work establishes a new paradigm for designing ultralight, high-performance EMI shielding materials for next-generation aerospace, flexible electronics and telecommunication applications.
{"title":"Simultaneous in-situ reduction and foaming synthesis of magnetic MXene/rGO porous films for enhanced electromagnetic interference shielding","authors":"Hongli Cheng , Yajun Xue , Ming Huang , Bing Zhou , Yuezhan Feng , Liwei Mi , Xianhu Liu , Chuntai Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.adna.2025.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.adna.2025.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lightweight, porous and conductive films represent a promising solution for effective electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. Nevertheless, the simultaneous integration of porous architectures and electromagnetic synergistic components remains a significant challenge. This work presents an innovative fabrication strategy that combines sequential vacuum-assisted filtration with <em>in-situ</em> hydrazine hydrate-mediated foaming. This approach simultaneously constructs a 3D porous architecture while reducing nickel precursors to magnetic nanoparticles, ultimately yielding lightweight MXene/rGO-Ni (fMG-Ni) porous films with tunable electromagnetic properties. The engineered porous architecture facilitates multiple internal reflections and scattering of electromagnetic waves, while the synergistic combination of conductive MXene/rGO and magnetic Ni components induces complementary dielectric and magnetic loss mechanisms. These combined effects endow the porous film with effective EMI shielding properties. The optimized fMG-Ni porous film with an ultralow density of 0.246 g/cm³ and a minimal thickness of 163 μm exhibits an outstanding electrical conductivity of 1062.81 S/m and an EMI shielding effectiveness of 37.9 dB in X-band, achieving a high specific shielding efficiency of 9452 dB·cm²·g⁻¹ and long-term stability (94.3 % retention after 5 months). This work establishes a new paradigm for designing ultralight, high-performance EMI shielding materials for next-generation aerospace, flexible electronics and telecommunication applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100034,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Nanocomposites","volume":"2 ","pages":"Pages 217-226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-24DOI: 10.1016/j.adna.2025.09.002
Zhaocheng Li , Kailun Chen , Wenkui Dong , Jianbo Tang , Surendra P. Shah , Wengui Li
Thermoelectric cementitious composites (TECCs) function as intelligent construction materials with structural load-bearing capacity and energy harvesting capability. They offer strong potential for future smart and sustainable buildings and infrastructure. Despite the rapid progress, most of the literature emphasizes the improvement of thermoelectric performance by fillers, while ignoring the discussion of load-bearing capacity and practical applications. This study reviews the latest research progress, including conductive network dispersion, nanoscale filler design, thermoelectric performance enhancement, mechanical property optimisation, environmental influence and practical application. Carbon-based materials primarily enhance thermoelectric properties through their excellent electrical conductivity, while metal oxides contribute by improving the Seebeck coefficient and thermal conductivity. It remains a major challenge to simultaneously improve the electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient of TECCs by integrating carbon-based materials and metal oxide materials to achieve a significant breakthrough in the thermoelectric performance. Currently, TECCs suffer from low energy conversion efficiency, with the dimensionless figure of merit (ZT) typically below 10−2. Modulating phonon and electron transport via interface engineering has become an emerging strategy for improving thermoelectric performance. Regarding mechanical properties, an appropriate content of conductive filler can improve the compressive strength and flexural strength of TECCs. Furthermore, the extreme service environment temperatures (253 K and 343 K) of TECCs cause varying degrees of degradation of their mechanical properties and chloride ion resistance. In addition, factors such as the matrix type, fabrication method, moisture and temperature can significantly affect ion migration and thermoelectric performance. Future research should focus on the synergistic transport of ions and electrons to optimize thermoelectric performance. Finally, this study systematically summarizes the current application of TECCs and provides guidance for the large-scale application of TECCs. The large-scale design of TECCs is an important way to increase power density and improve the quality of output electrical energy. These findings will provide a foundation for TECC applications and insights into improving their thermoelectric performance in smart structures.
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