Pub Date : 2025-10-14DOI: 10.1016/j.adna.2025.10.002
Kaiwen Li , Bo Wang , Yanru Chen , Jiahao Lu , Yue Gao , Junsheng Wang , Lidan Wang , Bin Sun , Zhongzhen Yu , Zhiping Xu , Kai Pang , Yingjun Liu , Zhen Xu , Chao Gao
Polymer composites with high thermal conductivity (κ) are essential for advanced thermal management applications. Graphene has enabled thin films with κ values approaching 2000 W/m·K, yet bulk composites incorporating graphene fillers typically remain limited below 550 W/m·K. Here, we present an inverse phase enhancement (IPE) strategy that employs polymer resin as the reinforcing phase, yielding strong bulk composites with a record-high κ of 802 ± 10.9 W/m·K. A minimum polymer content of merely 5.9 % effectively improves the tensile strength of graphene laminated papers by 117 % while maintaining their promising κ. Mortise-tenon-like 2D joints of minimum polymers efficiently retard the sliding of graphene sheets and impede the catastrophic crack propagation. Our work opens a modular path to fully harness the exceptional κ of neat graphene assembled materials, enabling pivotal thermal applications of graphene bulk composites in heat dissipation for electronic devices and protective equipment.
{"title":"Strong graphene bulk composites with high thermal conductivity over 800 W/m·K","authors":"Kaiwen Li , Bo Wang , Yanru Chen , Jiahao Lu , Yue Gao , Junsheng Wang , Lidan Wang , Bin Sun , Zhongzhen Yu , Zhiping Xu , Kai Pang , Yingjun Liu , Zhen Xu , Chao Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.adna.2025.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.adna.2025.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polymer composites with high thermal conductivity (<em>κ</em>) are essential for advanced thermal management applications. Graphene has enabled thin films with <em>κ</em> values approaching 2000 W/m·K<em>,</em> yet bulk composites incorporating graphene fillers typically remain limited below 550 W/m·K. Here, we present an inverse phase enhancement (IPE) strategy that employs polymer resin as the reinforcing phase, yielding strong bulk composites with a record-high <em>κ</em> of 802 ± 10.9 W/m·K. A minimum polymer content of merely 5.9 % effectively improves the tensile strength of graphene laminated papers by 117 % while maintaining their promising <em>κ.</em> Mortise-tenon-like 2D joints of minimum polymers efficiently retard the sliding of graphene sheets and impede the catastrophic crack propagation. Our work opens a modular path to fully harness the exceptional <em>κ</em> of neat graphene assembled materials, enabling pivotal thermal applications of graphene bulk composites in heat dissipation for electronic devices and protective equipment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100034,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Nanocomposites","volume":"2 ","pages":"Pages 288-298"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145424596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-09DOI: 10.1016/j.adna.2025.09.005
Wafiq Alni Dzulhijjah , Sri Aprilia , Nasrul Arahman , Sri Mulyati , Muhammad Roil Bilad , Anisa Luthfiana
Membrane-based water purification technologies have significantly advanced in recent decades, yet membrane fouling remains a major obstacle to long-term efficiency. This work examines the use of nanomaterials derived from rice husk waste − specifically nanosilica and nanocellulose − integrated into Thin-Film Nanocomposite (TFN) membranes to improve antifouling performance. Rice husk, an abundant agro-industrial by-product, offers a unique combination of silica and cellulose. Rice husk-derived nanosilica is primarily amorphous with a high surface area, enabling better dispersion and bonding in polymer matrices compared to conventional silica sources. Similarly, nanocellulose from rice husk possesses favorable aspect ratios and abundant hydroxyl groups, promoting enhanced compatibility and integration into membrane structures. These properties contribute to improved hydrophilicity, mechanical strength and resistance to both organic and biological fouling. The work discusses extraction methods, structural characteristics and functional properties of these nanomaterials. It also evaluates their incorporation into TFN membranes via interfacial polymerization and compares their performance in fouling mitigation with other nanofillers. Recent studies indicate that those membranes with rice husk-derived nanosilica and nanocellulose exhibit improved water flux and fouling resistance without sacrificing selectivity. Moreover, these materials align with circular economy goals by transforming agricult1ural waste into valuable membrane additives. This study provides a synthesis of advancements in sustainable nanomaterials for membrane technology, offering insights for future research and industrial scale-up.
{"title":"Rice husk-derived nanosilica and nanocellulose as antifouling agents in thin-film nanocomposite membranes","authors":"Wafiq Alni Dzulhijjah , Sri Aprilia , Nasrul Arahman , Sri Mulyati , Muhammad Roil Bilad , Anisa Luthfiana","doi":"10.1016/j.adna.2025.09.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.adna.2025.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Membrane-based water purification technologies have significantly advanced in recent decades, yet membrane fouling remains a major obstacle to long-term efficiency. This work examines the use of nanomaterials derived from rice husk waste − specifically nanosilica and nanocellulose − integrated into Thin-Film Nanocomposite (TFN) membranes to improve antifouling performance. Rice husk, an abundant agro-industrial by-product, offers a unique combination of silica and cellulose. Rice husk-derived nanosilica is primarily amorphous with a high surface area, enabling better dispersion and bonding in polymer matrices compared to conventional silica sources. Similarly, nanocellulose from rice husk possesses favorable aspect ratios and abundant hydroxyl groups, promoting enhanced compatibility and integration into membrane structures. These properties contribute to improved hydrophilicity, mechanical strength and resistance to both organic and biological fouling. The work discusses extraction methods, structural characteristics and functional properties of these nanomaterials. It also evaluates their incorporation into TFN membranes via interfacial polymerization and compares their performance in fouling mitigation with other nanofillers. Recent studies indicate that those membranes with rice husk-derived nanosilica and nanocellulose exhibit improved water flux and fouling resistance without sacrificing selectivity. Moreover, these materials align with circular economy goals by transforming agricult1ural waste into valuable membrane additives. This study provides a synthesis of advancements in sustainable nanomaterials for membrane technology, offering insights for future research and industrial scale-up.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100034,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Nanocomposites","volume":"3 ","pages":"Pages 63-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-24DOI: 10.1016/j.adna.2025.09.004
Hongli Cheng , Yajun Xue , Ming Huang , Bing Zhou , Yuezhan Feng , Liwei Mi , Xianhu Liu , Chuntai Liu
Lightweight, porous and conductive films represent a promising solution for effective electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. Nevertheless, the simultaneous integration of porous architectures and electromagnetic synergistic components remains a significant challenge. This work presents an innovative fabrication strategy that combines sequential vacuum-assisted filtration with in-situ hydrazine hydrate-mediated foaming. This approach simultaneously constructs a 3D porous architecture while reducing nickel precursors to magnetic nanoparticles, ultimately yielding lightweight MXene/rGO-Ni (fMG-Ni) porous films with tunable electromagnetic properties. The engineered porous architecture facilitates multiple internal reflections and scattering of electromagnetic waves, while the synergistic combination of conductive MXene/rGO and magnetic Ni components induces complementary dielectric and magnetic loss mechanisms. These combined effects endow the porous film with effective EMI shielding properties. The optimized fMG-Ni porous film with an ultralow density of 0.246 g/cm³ and a minimal thickness of 163 μm exhibits an outstanding electrical conductivity of 1062.81 S/m and an EMI shielding effectiveness of 37.9 dB in X-band, achieving a high specific shielding efficiency of 9452 dB·cm²·g⁻¹ and long-term stability (94.3 % retention after 5 months). This work establishes a new paradigm for designing ultralight, high-performance EMI shielding materials for next-generation aerospace, flexible electronics and telecommunication applications.
{"title":"Simultaneous in-situ reduction and foaming synthesis of magnetic MXene/rGO porous films for enhanced electromagnetic interference shielding","authors":"Hongli Cheng , Yajun Xue , Ming Huang , Bing Zhou , Yuezhan Feng , Liwei Mi , Xianhu Liu , Chuntai Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.adna.2025.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.adna.2025.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lightweight, porous and conductive films represent a promising solution for effective electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. Nevertheless, the simultaneous integration of porous architectures and electromagnetic synergistic components remains a significant challenge. This work presents an innovative fabrication strategy that combines sequential vacuum-assisted filtration with <em>in-situ</em> hydrazine hydrate-mediated foaming. This approach simultaneously constructs a 3D porous architecture while reducing nickel precursors to magnetic nanoparticles, ultimately yielding lightweight MXene/rGO-Ni (fMG-Ni) porous films with tunable electromagnetic properties. The engineered porous architecture facilitates multiple internal reflections and scattering of electromagnetic waves, while the synergistic combination of conductive MXene/rGO and magnetic Ni components induces complementary dielectric and magnetic loss mechanisms. These combined effects endow the porous film with effective EMI shielding properties. The optimized fMG-Ni porous film with an ultralow density of 0.246 g/cm³ and a minimal thickness of 163 μm exhibits an outstanding electrical conductivity of 1062.81 S/m and an EMI shielding effectiveness of 37.9 dB in X-band, achieving a high specific shielding efficiency of 9452 dB·cm²·g⁻¹ and long-term stability (94.3 % retention after 5 months). This work establishes a new paradigm for designing ultralight, high-performance EMI shielding materials for next-generation aerospace, flexible electronics and telecommunication applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100034,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Nanocomposites","volume":"2 ","pages":"Pages 217-226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-24DOI: 10.1016/j.adna.2025.09.002
Zhaocheng Li , Kailun Chen , Wenkui Dong , Jianbo Tang , Surendra P. Shah , Wengui Li
Thermoelectric cementitious composites (TECCs) function as intelligent construction materials with structural load-bearing capacity and energy harvesting capability. They offer strong potential for future smart and sustainable buildings and infrastructure. Despite the rapid progress, most of the literature emphasizes the improvement of thermoelectric performance by fillers, while ignoring the discussion of load-bearing capacity and practical applications. This study reviews the latest research progress, including conductive network dispersion, nanoscale filler design, thermoelectric performance enhancement, mechanical property optimisation, environmental influence and practical application. Carbon-based materials primarily enhance thermoelectric properties through their excellent electrical conductivity, while metal oxides contribute by improving the Seebeck coefficient and thermal conductivity. It remains a major challenge to simultaneously improve the electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient of TECCs by integrating carbon-based materials and metal oxide materials to achieve a significant breakthrough in the thermoelectric performance. Currently, TECCs suffer from low energy conversion efficiency, with the dimensionless figure of merit (ZT) typically below 10−2. Modulating phonon and electron transport via interface engineering has become an emerging strategy for improving thermoelectric performance. Regarding mechanical properties, an appropriate content of conductive filler can improve the compressive strength and flexural strength of TECCs. Furthermore, the extreme service environment temperatures (253 K and 343 K) of TECCs cause varying degrees of degradation of their mechanical properties and chloride ion resistance. In addition, factors such as the matrix type, fabrication method, moisture and temperature can significantly affect ion migration and thermoelectric performance. Future research should focus on the synergistic transport of ions and electrons to optimize thermoelectric performance. Finally, this study systematically summarizes the current application of TECCs and provides guidance for the large-scale application of TECCs. The large-scale design of TECCs is an important way to increase power density and improve the quality of output electrical energy. These findings will provide a foundation for TECC applications and insights into improving their thermoelectric performance in smart structures.
{"title":"Emerging thermoelectric cementitious nanocomposites: Mechanisms, design and performance","authors":"Zhaocheng Li , Kailun Chen , Wenkui Dong , Jianbo Tang , Surendra P. Shah , Wengui Li","doi":"10.1016/j.adna.2025.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.adna.2025.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermoelectric cementitious composites (TECCs) function as intelligent construction materials with structural load-bearing capacity and energy harvesting capability. They offer strong potential for future smart and sustainable buildings and infrastructure. Despite the rapid progress, most of the literature emphasizes the improvement of thermoelectric performance by fillers, while ignoring the discussion of load-bearing capacity and practical applications. This study reviews the latest research progress, including conductive network dispersion, nanoscale filler design, thermoelectric performance enhancement, mechanical property optimisation, environmental influence and practical application. Carbon-based materials primarily enhance thermoelectric properties through their excellent electrical conductivity, while metal oxides contribute by improving the Seebeck coefficient and thermal conductivity. It remains a major challenge to simultaneously improve the electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient of TECCs by integrating carbon-based materials and metal oxide materials to achieve a significant breakthrough in the thermoelectric performance. Currently, TECCs suffer from low energy conversion efficiency, with the dimensionless figure of merit (ZT) typically below 10<sup>−2</sup>. Modulating phonon and electron transport via interface engineering has become an emerging strategy for improving thermoelectric performance. Regarding mechanical properties, an appropriate content of conductive filler can improve the compressive strength and flexural strength of TECCs. Furthermore, the extreme service environment temperatures (253 K and 343 K) of TECCs cause varying degrees of degradation of their mechanical properties and chloride ion resistance. In addition, factors such as the matrix type, fabrication method, moisture and temperature can significantly affect ion migration and thermoelectric performance. Future research should focus on the synergistic transport of ions and electrons to optimize thermoelectric performance. Finally, this study systematically summarizes the current application of TECCs and provides guidance for the large-scale application of TECCs. The large-scale design of TECCs is an important way to increase power density and improve the quality of output electrical energy. These findings will provide a foundation for TECC applications and insights into improving their thermoelectric performance in smart structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100034,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Nanocomposites","volume":"2 ","pages":"Pages 227-250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145227332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-24DOI: 10.1016/j.adna.2025.09.003
Tairan Yang , Yingxin Zhang , Jiemin Wang , Yuchen Liu , Weiwei Lei , Dan Liu
Thermally conductive materials (TCMs), especially electrically insulating polymer nanocomposites, have attracted considerable attention for thermal management applications, driven by the increasing heat generation in advanced processors and integrated circuits. While conventional polymer nanocomposites offer excellent thermal conductivity and mechanical performance, their dependence on non-biodegradable plastics or resins poses significant environmental concerns. In contrast, chitosan and gelatin are biodegradable, cost-effective and represent promising sustainable alternatives. In this study, thermally conductive nanocomposite films were fabricated by vacuum-assisted filtration (VAF) of functionalized boron nitride nanosheets (FBN) combined with gelatin or chitosan. The strong interaction between the amino groups on the boron nitride surface and the biopolymer chains facilitated the formation of a robust network, resulting in outstanding thermal conductivity. Notably, the composite film containing 30 wt% FBN with chitosan exhibited an impressive in-plane thermal conductivity (κ) of 52.52 W·m⁻¹ ·K⁻¹ . Additionally, the self-assembled nacre-like structure enables the nanocomposite films to achieve an impressive tensile strength of 129.3 ± 0.4 MPa. Importantly, in vitro cell viability assays showed over 80 % cell survival, confirming the excellent biocompatibility of these films. The newly developed nanocomposite films demonstrate non-cytotoxicity, biocompatibility and outstanding thermal conductivity, positioning them as a promising nanocomposite heat sink for future green and sustainable thermal management applications.
{"title":"Biocompatible nacre-like boron nitride/biopolymer nanocomposites for thermal management","authors":"Tairan Yang , Yingxin Zhang , Jiemin Wang , Yuchen Liu , Weiwei Lei , Dan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.adna.2025.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.adna.2025.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermally conductive materials (TCMs), especially electrically insulating polymer nanocomposites, have attracted considerable attention for thermal management applications, driven by the increasing heat generation in advanced processors and integrated circuits. While conventional polymer nanocomposites offer excellent thermal conductivity and mechanical performance, their dependence on non-biodegradable plastics or resins poses significant environmental concerns. In contrast, chitosan and gelatin are biodegradable, cost-effective and represent promising sustainable alternatives. In this study, thermally conductive nanocomposite films were fabricated by vacuum-assisted filtration (VAF) of functionalized boron nitride nanosheets (FBN) combined with gelatin or chitosan. The strong interaction between the amino groups on the boron nitride surface and the biopolymer chains facilitated the formation of a robust network, resulting in outstanding thermal conductivity. Notably, the composite film containing 30 wt% FBN with chitosan exhibited an impressive in-plane thermal conductivity (κ) of 52.52 W·m⁻¹ ·K⁻¹ . Additionally, the self-assembled nacre-like structure enables the nanocomposite films to achieve an impressive tensile strength of 129.3 ± 0.4 MPa. Importantly, in vitro cell viability assays showed over 80 % cell survival, confirming the excellent biocompatibility of these films. The newly developed nanocomposite films demonstrate non-cytotoxicity, biocompatibility and outstanding thermal conductivity, positioning them as a promising nanocomposite heat sink for future green and sustainable thermal management applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100034,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Nanocomposites","volume":"2 ","pages":"Pages 251-257"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145332619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-18DOI: 10.1016/j.adna.2025.09.001
Youzhe Yang , Huanzhi Song , Ning Wei , Jie Yang , Yingyan Zhang
Efficient thermal management has become increasingly crucial for modern electronic devices, driven by unstoppable trends toward miniaturization, higher power densities and multifunctional integration. Effective thermal interface materials (TIMs) are essential for mitigating heat accumulation and ensuring reliable device performance and long lifespan. Graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) have attracted tremendous attention as high-performance nanofillers in polymer composites due to their exceptionally high thermal conductivity (TC) and mechanical strength. Recent research has increasingly focused on polymer nanocomposites reinforced by graphene/h-BN (Gr/h-BN) heterostructures, highlighting significant synergistic improvements in their thermal and mechanical properties. These heterostructures synergistically combine the exceptional TC and mechanical strength of graphene with the outstanding electrical insulation and thermal stability of h-BN. This review comprehensively analyzes recent advancements in graphene, h-BN and their polymer-based nanocomposites. It delves into the influence of structural configurations, defect engineering, functionalization strategies, doping methods, isotopic modifications and mechanical strain on their thermal performance. Furthermore, it also explores several innovative strategies to improve interfacial thermal transport in polymer nanocomposites, including hybrid filler integration, surface functionalization, filler alignment and advanced manufacturing methods. It is hoped that this review can offers useful insights and practical guidelines for designing and developing next-generation materials for advanced thermal management in high-performance electronic applications.
{"title":"Recent advances in thermal properties of graphene/hexagonal boron nitride heterostructures and their polymer nanocomposites: A review","authors":"Youzhe Yang , Huanzhi Song , Ning Wei , Jie Yang , Yingyan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.adna.2025.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.adna.2025.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efficient thermal management has become increasingly crucial for modern electronic devices, driven by unstoppable trends toward miniaturization, higher power densities and multifunctional integration. Effective thermal interface materials (TIMs) are essential for mitigating heat accumulation and ensuring reliable device performance and long lifespan. Graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) have attracted tremendous attention as high-performance nanofillers in polymer composites due to their exceptionally high thermal conductivity (TC) and mechanical strength. Recent research has increasingly focused on polymer nanocomposites reinforced by graphene/h-BN (Gr/h-BN) heterostructures, highlighting significant synergistic improvements in their thermal and mechanical properties. These heterostructures synergistically combine the exceptional TC and mechanical strength of graphene with the outstanding electrical insulation and thermal stability of h-BN. This review comprehensively analyzes recent advancements in graphene, h-BN and their polymer-based nanocomposites. It delves into the influence of structural configurations, defect engineering, functionalization strategies, doping methods, isotopic modifications and mechanical strain on their thermal performance. Furthermore, it also explores several innovative strategies to improve interfacial thermal transport in polymer nanocomposites, including hybrid filler integration, surface functionalization, filler alignment and advanced manufacturing methods. It is hoped that this review can offers useful insights and practical guidelines for designing and developing next-generation materials for advanced thermal management in high-performance electronic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100034,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Nanocomposites","volume":"2 ","pages":"Pages 185-204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-20DOI: 10.1016/j.adna.2025.08.002
Yuguang He , Sijia Hao , Yubin Chen , Shuangqiang Shi , Junpeng Tian , Cheng Yang
Electromagnetic wave-absorbing (EMWA) materials show great potential for radar stealth, electromagnetic shielding and advanced electronics. Biomass-derived porous carbon (BPC)-based composites have emerged as highly attractive EMWA materials due to their renewable sources, abundant availability, low cost, scalable production and highly tunable structures. This review provides a systematic summary of recent advancements in BPC-based composites for EMWA applications. First, the fundamental principles of microwave absorption are briefly outlined. Subsequently, common pretreatment methods for BPC-based materials are reviewed. The progress in BPC-based composites sourced from plants, animals and microorganisms is comprehensively examined, with a focus on the synergistic effects of micro/nanostructural engineering and composition optimization on their EMWA performance. Finally, current challenges and limitations of BPC-based EMWA materials are critically analyzed, along with prospects for future development.
{"title":"Biomass-derived porous carbon-based composites for electromagnetic wave absorption","authors":"Yuguang He , Sijia Hao , Yubin Chen , Shuangqiang Shi , Junpeng Tian , Cheng Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.adna.2025.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.adna.2025.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electromagnetic wave-absorbing (EMWA) materials show great potential for radar stealth, electromagnetic shielding and advanced electronics. Biomass-derived porous carbon (BPC)-based composites have emerged as highly attractive EMWA materials due to their renewable sources, abundant availability, low cost, scalable production and highly tunable structures. This review provides a systematic summary of recent advancements in BPC-based composites for EMWA applications. First, the fundamental principles of microwave absorption are briefly outlined. Subsequently, common pretreatment methods for BPC-based materials are reviewed. The progress in BPC-based composites sourced from plants, animals and microorganisms is comprehensively examined, with a focus on the synergistic effects of micro/nanostructural engineering and composition optimization on their EMWA performance. Finally, current challenges and limitations of BPC-based EMWA materials are critically analyzed, along with prospects for future development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100034,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Nanocomposites","volume":"2 ","pages":"Pages 162-184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144932311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-13DOI: 10.1016/j.adna.2025.08.001
Lishuo Han, Tao Luo, Hailan Kang, Genshi Liu, Qinghong Fang
The surge in wireless technologies and electronic devices has intensified the demand for next-generation materials with integrated electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. Yet, it remains a major challenge to integrate thermal insulation, thermal management and infrared stealth into a single system. Herein, bio-based Eucommia ulmoides gum (EUG) – a natural trans-1,4-polyisoprene rubber with high crystallinity and elasticity – was used to develop porous foams via a salt-sacrificial template method, guided by synergy strategy combining multiple working mechanisms. The synergistic conductive fillers, i.e. multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and MXene, were concentrated within the EUG skeleton and on the surface. This arrangement facilitates the formation of an efficient conductive network, thereby enhancing the reflection of microwaves and infrared radiation. Additionally, the multi-level pores lead to multiple reflections and absorptions of EMI, while also impeding the heat conduction process. Meanwhile, EUG with phase change capability further regulates the surface temperature via heat absorption. Ultimately, EUG/CNT/MXene (ECM) foam with a thickness of 2 mm exhibited a shielding effectiveness (SE) of 49.7 dB in the X-band, a thermal conductivity of 0.15 W·m−1·K−1, a latent heat of 36.8 J·g−1 and a temperature difference of 30.25 °C between opposite surfaces. Compared with EUG foam, ECM foam achieved a 28 % lower infrared emissivity and an 825 % higher compression strength. The temperature difference between the handheld foam and the environment was only 2.8 °C, indicating superior infrared stealth. Furthermore, the ECM foam demonstrated excellent phase change stability during thermal cycling. In the durability test, the SE value of ECM retained 83.5 % of its initial SE. This work provides a novel strategy for designing multifunctional EMI shielding materials.
{"title":"Bio-based, phase-change MXene/CNT foams for integrated electromagnetic interference shielding, thermal management and infrared stealth","authors":"Lishuo Han, Tao Luo, Hailan Kang, Genshi Liu, Qinghong Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.adna.2025.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.adna.2025.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The surge in wireless technologies and electronic devices has intensified the demand for next-generation materials with integrated electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. Yet, it remains a major challenge to integrate thermal insulation, thermal management and infrared stealth into a single system. Herein, bio-based Eucommia ulmoides gum (EUG) – a natural trans-1,4-polyisoprene rubber with high crystallinity and elasticity – was used to develop porous foams via a salt-sacrificial template method, guided by synergy strategy combining multiple working mechanisms. The synergistic conductive fillers, i.e. multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and MXene, were concentrated within the EUG skeleton and on the surface. This arrangement facilitates the formation of an efficient conductive network, thereby enhancing the reflection of microwaves and infrared radiation. Additionally, the multi-level pores lead to multiple reflections and absorptions of EMI, while also impeding the heat conduction process. Meanwhile, EUG with phase change capability further regulates the surface temperature via heat absorption. Ultimately, EUG/CNT/MXene (ECM) foam with a thickness of 2 mm exhibited a shielding effectiveness (<em>SE</em>) of 49.7 dB in the X-band, a thermal conductivity of 0.15 W·m<sup>−1</sup>·K<sup>−1</sup>, a latent heat of 36.8 J·g<sup>−1</sup> and a temperature difference of 30.25 °C between opposite surfaces. Compared with EUG foam, ECM foam achieved a 28 % lower infrared emissivity and an 825 % higher compression strength. The temperature difference between the handheld foam and the environment was only 2.8 °C, indicating superior infrared stealth. Furthermore, the ECM foam demonstrated excellent phase change stability during thermal cycling. In the durability test, the <em>SE</em> value of ECM retained 83.5 % of its initial <em>SE</em>. This work provides a novel strategy for designing multifunctional EMI shielding materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100034,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Nanocomposites","volume":"2 ","pages":"Pages 148-161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144863550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-22DOI: 10.1016/j.adna.2025.05.001
Wenkai Zhong , Siyi Wang , Feng Liu
Organic semiconductors, including π-conjugated polymers and small molecules, find potential applications across a wide range of scenarios, including organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), organic photovoltaics (OPVs), organic photodetectors (OPDs), and more. A crucial factor in optimizing the performance of these devices is the charge carrier transport properties, which is closely related with the structural organization of organic semiconductors at various length scales. The fibrillar texture, typically comprising structures with tens of nanometers in width and extending into microscale in length, is an important morphology linked to high-performance outcomes. These fibrils often exhibit semi-ordered domain and are well-dispersed within amorphous matrices, enabling efficient charge transport pathways. This review summarizes the origins and advantages of optoelectronic fibrillar thin films, elucidating their role in enhancing device performance. We further highlight how fibrillar structures not only boost performance in OFETs, OPVs and OPDs, but also offer unique advantages for practical device applications, such as stretchable electronics and polarization-sensitive detectors. Finally, we identify key challenges and propose future research directions, including the transition from solution assembly into fibrils, cooperative interactions with amorphous domains, advanced structural characterization, scalability and industrial potential, and emerging functionalities. This review aims to advance the understanding of fibrillar morphology, positioning it as a key factor in achieving better performance in the field of organic semiconductors.
{"title":"Unlocking functional potentials: Nanofibril networks in organic semiconductors","authors":"Wenkai Zhong , Siyi Wang , Feng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.adna.2025.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.adna.2025.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Organic semiconductors, including π-conjugated polymers and small molecules, find potential applications across a wide range of scenarios, including organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), organic photovoltaics (OPVs), organic photodetectors (OPDs), and more. A crucial factor in optimizing the performance of these devices is the charge carrier transport properties, which is closely related with the structural organization of organic semiconductors at various length scales. The fibrillar texture, typically comprising structures with tens of nanometers in width and extending into microscale in length, is an important morphology linked to high-performance outcomes. These fibrils often exhibit semi-ordered domain and are well-dispersed within amorphous matrices, enabling efficient charge transport pathways. This review summarizes the origins and advantages of optoelectronic fibrillar thin films, elucidating their role in enhancing device performance. We further highlight how fibrillar structures not only boost performance in OFETs, OPVs and OPDs, but also offer unique advantages for practical device applications, such as stretchable electronics and polarization-sensitive detectors. Finally, we identify key challenges and propose future research directions, including the transition from solution assembly into fibrils, cooperative interactions with amorphous domains, advanced structural characterization, scalability and industrial potential, and emerging functionalities. This review aims to advance the understanding of fibrillar morphology, positioning it as a key factor in achieving better performance in the field of organic semiconductors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100034,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Nanocomposites","volume":"2 ","pages":"Pages 124-147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144154994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-04DOI: 10.1016/j.adna.2025.04.001
Kangbo Zhao , Xue Gong , Chunyan Zhang , Jiabin Dai , Qingshi Meng
Polyurea and its composites represent a class of multifunctional materials with significant potential for diverse applications. This review offers a comprehensive overview of polyurea and its nanocomposites. It starts by introducing the basic structure, synthesis methods and key properties of polyurea. Subsequently, the review discusses the preparation of polyurea nanocomposites and the optimization of their performance. Incorporating nanofillers into polyurea can significantly enhance the mechanical properties, self-healing capabilities and corrosion resistance of polyurea. Interface engineering between polyurea and nanomaterials is essential for improving the compatibility and maximizing the reinforcement. The review further explores the applications of polyurea nanocomposites in construction, police protection industry and rail transportation. Incorporating nanofillers and engineering the interface should markedly enhance polyurea performance and open pathways for the development of next generation materials.
{"title":"Advancements in polyurea-based nanocomposites: Properties, applications and challenges","authors":"Kangbo Zhao , Xue Gong , Chunyan Zhang , Jiabin Dai , Qingshi Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.adna.2025.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.adna.2025.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polyurea and its composites represent a class of multifunctional materials with significant potential for diverse applications. This review offers a comprehensive overview of polyurea and its nanocomposites. It starts by introducing the basic structure, synthesis methods and key properties of polyurea. Subsequently, the review discusses the preparation of polyurea nanocomposites and the optimization of their performance. Incorporating nanofillers into polyurea can significantly enhance the mechanical properties, self-healing capabilities and corrosion resistance of polyurea. Interface engineering between polyurea and nanomaterials is essential for improving the compatibility and maximizing the reinforcement. The review further explores the applications of polyurea nanocomposites in construction, police protection industry and rail transportation. Incorporating nanofillers and engineering the interface should markedly enhance polyurea performance and open pathways for the development of next generation materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100034,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Nanocomposites","volume":"2 ","pages":"Pages 258-287"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145361437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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