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Assessment of intrathecal lignocaine analgesia for open castration of rams 利多卡因鞘内镇痛对公羊开放性阉割的影响
Pub Date : 1996-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0007-1935(96)80043-1
P.R. Scott, N.D. Sargison, W.D. Strachan, C.D. Penny
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引用次数: 1
Adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity in tissuesand sera from normal and leukaemic cattle 正常和白血病牛组织和血清中腺苷脱氨酶(ADA)的活性
Pub Date : 1996-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0007-1935(96)80044-3
J. Yasuda, T. Tanabe, A. Hashimoto, K. Too
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引用次数: 14
Control of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the horse 马慢性阻塞性肺病的控制
Pub Date : 1996-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0007-1935(96)80030-3
P. Lekeun , T. Art , C. Roberts
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引用次数: 4
Effect of overcrowding on claw health in first-calved friesian heifers 过度拥挤对初产弗里西亚小母牛爪部健康的影响
Pub Date : 1996-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0007-1935(96)80040-6
F.C. Leonard, J.M. O'Connell, K.J. O'Farrell

In two studies on overcrowding and foot lesion development, claw healthwas monitored monthly, and behavioural activities such as lying/standing observed every 15 min for 5 consecutive days and nights each month of the housing season. In the first experiment, 35 autumn-calving heifers were housed at a 2:1 heifer to cubicle ratio immediately after calving. In the second study, 40 spring-calving heifers were housed at a 2:1 ratio for 2 months before calving and with one cubicle each after calving. Lying time was reduced to 5 h per 24 h in some of the autumn-calving animals and these animals had significantly worse foot lesion scores and clinical lameness than animals lying for 7 or 10 h per 24 h. The spring-calving animals did not show such a severe reduction in lying time and no significant correlation between haemorrhage score and lying time was detected. It is concluded that reduced lying time acts as an exacerbating factor in the development of claw lesions.

在两项关于过度拥挤和足部病变发展的研究中,每月监测爪健康,并在每个住房季节连续5个昼夜每15分钟观察一次躺/站立等行为活动。在第一个试验中,35头秋季产犊小牛在产犊后立即以2:1的母牛/隔间比例圈养。在第二项研究中,40头春季产犊小牛在产犊前2个月按2:1的比例圈养,产犊后每个隔间一个。一些秋季产犊动物的躺卧时间减少到每24小时5小时,与每24小时躺7小时或10小时的动物相比,这些动物的足部病变评分和临床跛行明显更差。春季产犊动物的躺卧时间没有出现如此严重的减少,出血评分和躺卧时间之间没有明显的相关性。结论是,减少躺卧时间是爪损发展的一个加剧因素。
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引用次数: 115
Osteocalcin in canine joint diseases 骨钙素在犬关节疾病中的作用
Pub Date : 1996-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0007-1935(96)80035-2
M. Arican, S.D. Carter, D. Bennett

Markers of joint disease are much sought after in human and veterinary rheumatology. This study investigated the relationship between markers of bone and cartilage turnover in sera and synovial fluids in naturally occurring canine joint diseases. Osteocalcin (OC) was measured by radioimmunoassay; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to measure keratan sulphate, chondroitin sulphate, hyaluronan and antibodies to collagen I and II. Dimethylmethylene blue binding assay was used for the estimation of sulphated glycosaminoglycans. Compared to normal dogs significantly higher serum OC was seen in dogs with osteoarthritis (P<0.005), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (P<0.01) and rupture/stretching of cranial cruciate ligament (P<0.02). Reduced OC was found in RA synovial fluids but this finding is probably of little value as there was too much overlap with normal joint data. Apart from a weak correlation between synovial fluid OC and keratan sulphate, there were generally no correlations between markers of bone and cartilage turnover probably reflecting the lack of any relationship between bone and cartilage metabolism in most canine arthropathies.

关节疾病的标志物在人类和兽医风湿病学中备受追捧。本研究探讨了自然发生的犬关节疾病血清和滑液中骨和软骨转换标志物之间的关系。放射免疫法测定骨钙素(OC);酶联免疫吸附法测定硫酸角蛋白、硫酸软骨素、透明质酸和胶原抗体。二甲基亚甲基蓝结合法用于硫酸盐糖胺聚糖的测定。与正常犬相比,骨关节炎(P<0.005)、类风湿关节炎(P<0.01)和颅十字韧带断裂/拉伸(P<0.02)犬血清OC明显升高。在RA滑液中发现OC减少,但这一发现可能没有什么价值,因为与正常关节数据重叠太多。除了滑液OC与硫酸角蛋白之间的微弱相关性外,骨和软骨转换标志物之间通常没有相关性,这可能反映了大多数犬关节病中骨和软骨代谢之间缺乏任何关系。
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引用次数: 15
The effect of experimental infection ofboran cattle in early and mid-pregnancy with Trypanosoma vivax 博伦牛妊娠早期和中期间日锥虫实验感染的效果
Pub Date : 1996-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0007-1935(96)80038-8
G. Okech , E.D. Watson , A.G. Luckins , D.W. Makawiti

Six susceptible Galana and five trypanotolerant Orma Boran (Bos indicus) cattle were infected experimentally with Trypanosoma vivax KETRI 2501 by cyclical transmission using Glossina morsitans morsitans during early and mid-pregnancy. Four pregnant animals, two of each Boran type were used as controls and remained uninfected throughout the study period. Three out of the six infected susceptible Galana Borans aborted, whilst one had a stillborn calf. None of the trypanotolerant Orma Boran cattle aborted and all carried their pregnancies to term. All control animals produced live calves at term. The mechanisms leading to disruption of reproductive function in susceptible Boran cattle were not clear but could involve a number of factors, including anaemia, weight loss and post-infection decline of plasma progesterone levels. It is concluded that infection with T. vivax disrupts maintenance of pregnancy in susceptible Galana Borans but does not affect maintenance of pregnancy in the Orma Boran, demonstrating their tolerance to infection with T. vivax.

在妊娠早期和中期,6头Galana和5头Orma Boran (boindicus)牛通过莫西格氏杆菌周期性传播感染间日锥虫KETRI 2501。4只怀孕的动物,每两种Boran型作为对照,在整个研究期间保持未感染。六头受感染的易感Galana Borans中有三只流产,而一只有死胎。没有一只耐锥虫的奥玛博兰牛流产,所有牛都怀孕了。所有对照动物都在足月产活小牛。导致易感博然牛生殖功能中断的机制尚不清楚,但可能涉及许多因素,包括贫血、体重减轻和感染后血浆黄体酮水平下降。由此可见,间日疟原虫感染破坏了易感的Galana Boran的妊娠维持,但不影响Orma Boran的妊娠维持,表明它们对间日疟原虫感染具有耐受性。
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引用次数: 11
Peripheral cortisol levels throughoutgestation in the cow: Effect of stage of gestation and foetal number 奶牛妊娠期外周皮质醇水平:妊娠期和胎儿数的影响
Pub Date : 1996-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0007-1935(96)80036-4
O.V. Patel , T. Takahashi , N. Takenouchi , M. Hirako , N. Sasaki , I. Domekis

This study characterized the peripheral plasma cortisol profile throughout gestation and examined the effect of stage of gestation and foetal number in Holstein cows after non-surgical embryo transfer. Cows (n=10) were divided into two groups: Group 1=single embryo recipient cows (n=5); and group 2=twin-embryo recipient cows (n=5). Mean plasma cortisol concentrations remained basal (2–4 ng ml−1) in both groups up to 2 days prepartum increased significantly (P<0.05) to peak at parturition day, and then declined rapidly 1 clay post-partum. Twin-bearing cows had significantly (P<0.01) higher mean plasma cortisol concentration on the day of parturition than in the singleton cows. There was no effect of the stage of gestation on cortisol levels in either group (P>0.1), except in the last 48 h prior to parturition. A single cow giving birth prematurely had 100% higher plasma cortisol levels on the day of parturition and 1 day post-partum than cows giving birth at term.

本研究分析了妊娠期外周血浆皮质醇水平,并研究了妊娠期和胚胎数量对荷斯坦奶牛非手术胚胎移植的影响。10头奶牛分为两组:第1组为单胚胎受体奶牛(n=5);组2为双胚胎受体奶牛(n=5)。两组的平均血浆皮质醇浓度在产前2天保持基本水平(2 - 4 ng ml - 1),显著升高(P<0.05),在分娩当天达到峰值,然后在产后迅速下降。分娩当天,双胎奶牛的平均血浆皮质醇浓度显著(P<0.01)高于单胎奶牛。除了分娩前最后48小时外,两组的妊娠期对皮质醇水平均无影响(P>0.1)。一头早产的奶牛在分娩当天和产后1天的血浆皮质醇水平比足月分娩的奶牛高100%。
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引用次数: 47
The role of dipterous insects in the mechanical transmission of animal viruses 双翅昆虫在动物病毒机械传播中的作用
Pub Date : 1996-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0007-1935(96)80033-9
V.M. Carn

Animal viruses may be transmitted by arthropods in two ways, either biologically or mechanically. Many different species of Diptera are implicated in mechanical transmission, but haematophagous species are the most important. The insects become contaminated with virus during normal feeding behaviour, and virus persists on their mouthparts or body until the next feed. Some viruses are inactivated rapidly on mouthparts, whereas others survive for many days or weeks, prolonging the potential period of transmission. Some viruses produce high titres in the skin of the infected vertebrate host, which facilitates transmission, whereas other viruses are transmitted even during relatively low levels of viraemia. Mechanical transmission by arthropods is important in the epidemiology of many animal diseases, and may be the major mode of horizontal transmission. In other instances vector spread is merely incidental.

动物病毒可通过节肢动物以生物或机械两种方式传播。许多不同种类的双翅目昆虫都与机械传播有关,但吸血昆虫是最重要的。昆虫在正常的进食行为中被病毒污染,病毒会在它们的口器或身体上持续存在,直到下一次进食。有些病毒在口器上迅速灭活,而另一些病毒则存活数天或数周,延长了潜在的传播期。有些病毒在受感染的脊椎动物宿主的皮肤中产生高滴度,这有利于传播,而其他病毒甚至在病毒血症水平相对较低时也会传播。节肢动物的机械传播在许多动物疾病的流行病学中具有重要意义,可能是主要的水平传播方式。在其他情况下,媒介传播只是偶然的。
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引用次数: 67
The goat as a model for studies of pneumonic pasteurellosis caused by Pasteurella multocida 山羊作为多杀性巴氏杆菌引起的肺炎巴氏杆菌病研究的模型
Pub Date : 1996-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0007-1935(96)80039-X
M. Zamri-Saad, A.W.M. Effendy, M.A. Maswati, N. Salim, A.R. Sheikh-Omar

A model of pneumonic pasteurellosis has been established in goats usingPasteurella multocida harvested from pneumonic lungs of goats (types A and D), rabbits (type A) and sheep (type D). The resultant infections were acute, subacute or chronic. The gross and histological lesions of the subacute and chronic infections were typical of pneumonic pasteurellosis. P. multocida type D produced significantly (P<0.01) more severe lesions when compared with other isolates. There were strong correlations between the clinical signs and the severity of lesions.

利用从山羊(A型和D型)、兔子(A型)和绵羊(D型)的肺炎肺中采集的多杀性巴氏杆菌在山羊中建立了肺炎巴氏菌病模型。由此产生的感染有急性、亚急性或慢性。亚急性和慢性感染的大体和组织学病变是典型的肺炎巴氏菌病。多杀假单胞菌D型与其他菌株相比,产生了更严重的病变(P<0.01)。临床症状与病变严重程度有很强的相关性。
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引用次数: 31
Tumours of the urinary bladder in cattle and water buffalo in the Black Sea region of Turkey 土耳其黑海地区牛和水牛膀胱肿瘤
Pub Date : 1996-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0007-1935(96)80041-8
I.A. Özkul, Y. Aydin
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引用次数: 17
期刊
British Veterinary Journal
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