Carbon Neutralization最新文献

The development of cathode materials with controllable physicochemical structures and explicit catalytic sites is important in rechargeable Zn–air batteries (ZABs). Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have garnered increasing attention owing to their facile synthesis methods, ordered pore structure, and selectivity of functional groups. However, the sluggish kinetics of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) or oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) inhibit their practical applications in ZABs. Herein, nucleophilic substitution is adopted to synthesize pyridine bi-triazine covalent organic framework (denoted as O-COF), and meanwhile, ionothermal conversion synthesis is employed to load MO_x (M=Fe, Co) onto carbon nanosheet (named as FeCo@NC) to modulate the electronic structure. The Fe, Co-N codoped carbon material possesses a large portion of pyridinic N and M-N, high graphitization, and a larger BET surface area. An outstanding bifunctional activity has been exhibited in FeCo@NC, which provides a small voltage at 10 mA cm⁻² for OER (E₁₀ = 1.67 V) and a remarkable half-wave voltage for ORR (E_1/2 = 0.86 V). More impressively, when assembling ZABs, it displays notable rate performance, significant specific capacity (783.9 mAh g_Zn⁻¹), and satisfactory long-term endurance. This method of regulating covalent organic framework and ionothermal synthesis can be extended to design diverse catalysts.

Biomass-derived carbon as energy storage materials have gradually attracted widespread attention due to their low cost, sustainability, and inherent structural advantages. Herein, hard carbon (H-1200) and porous carbon (PC-800) for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), sodium-ion capacitors (SICs) half cells and sodium-ion hybrid capacitors (SIHCs) have been synthesized from the same biomass precursor of Camellia shells through different treatments. H-1200 synthesized by directly high-temperature carbonization possesses a rational graphitic layer structure and plentiful heteroatoms. When applied as anode for SIBs, it exhibits a reversible capacity of 365.5 mAh g^–1 at 25 mA g^–1 and capacity retention 89.0% after 400 cycles at 200 mA g^–1. Additionally, PC-800 prepared by catalytic carbonization of K₂C₂O₄/CaC₂O₄ hybrid catalyst has a sophisticated porous structure and a high surface area of 2186.9 m² g^–1. When employed as a cathode for SICs, it delivers a maximum capacity 104.2 mAh g^–1 at 100 mA g^–1 and 35.0 mAh g^–1 at 5 A g^–1. Furthermore, the all carbon assembled SIHC (H-1200||PC-800) using H-1200 as anode and PC-800 as cathode, features a broad output voltage range (0.01 ~ 4.1 V), high energy density of 161.5 Wh kg^–1, power density of 12896.1 W kg^–1, and superior capacity retention of 90.32% after 10000 cycles at 10 A g^–1. This research result provide a new horizon for constructing low-cost and large-scale production of biomass derived carbon for energy storage materials.

The issues of health assessment and lifespan prediction have always been prominent challenges in the large-scale application of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). This paper reviews the multiscale modeling techniques and their applications in battery health analysis, including atomic scale computational chemistry, particle scale reaction simulations, electrode scale structural models, macroscale electrochemical models, and data-driven models at the system level. Multiscale modeling offers a profound insight into material behavior and the aging process of batteries, thereby providing a valuable reference for both estimation and management strategies of battery state of health. To extend the battery lifespan, the utilization of artificial intelligence for material discovery and manufacturing process optimization, the implementation of end-cloud collaborative battery management systems, and the design of a multiscale simulation integration platform are considered. A management framework aimed at extending battery life is further proposed. This framework offers a promising roadmap for addressing health analysis challenges in LIBs, ultimately leading to more reliable, efficient, and durable solutions for next-generation batteries.

Electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction (CO₂RR), an emerging sustainable energy technology to convert atmospheric CO₂ into value-added chemicals, has received extensive attention. However, the high thermodynamic stability of CO₂ and the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction lead to poor catalytic performances, hardly meeting industrial application demands. Due to abundant reserves and favorable CO selectivity, zinc (Zn)-based catalysts have been considered one of the most prospective catalysts for CO₂-to-CO conversion. A series of advanced zinc-based electrocatalysts, including Zn nanosheets, Zn single atoms, defective ZnO, and metallic Zn alloys, have been widely reported for CO₂RR. Despite significant progress, a comprehensive and fundamental summary is still lacking. Herein, this review provides a thorough discussion of effective modulation strategies such as morphology design, doping, defect, heterointerface, alloying, facet, and single-atom, emphasizing how these methods can influence the electronic structure and adsorption properties of intermediates, as well as the catalytic activity of Zn-based materials. Moreover, the challenges and opportunities of Zn-based catalysts for CO₂RR are also discussed. This review is expected to promote the broader application of efficient Zn-based catalysts in electrocatalytic CO₂RR, thus contributing to a future of sustainable energy.

Currently, the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO₂) has exceeded 400 ppm in the atmosphere. Thus, there is an urgent need to explore CO₂ reduction and utilization technologies. Photocatalytic technology can convert CO₂ to valuable hydrocarbons (CH₄, CH₃OH, and C₂H₅OH, etc.), realizing the conversion of solar energy to chemical energy as well as solving the problems of fossil fuel shortage and global warming. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄), as a two-dimensional nonmetallic semiconductor material, shows great potential in the field of CO₂ photoreduction due to its moderate bandgap, easy synthesis method, low cost, and visible light response properties. This review elaborates the research progress of g-C₃N₄-based photocatalysts for photocatalytic CO₂ reduction. The modification strategies (e.g., morphology engineering, elemental doping, crystallinity modulation, cocatalyst modification, and constructing heterojunction) of g-C₃N₄-based photocatalysts for CO₂ reduction application have been discussed in detail. Finally, the challenges and development prospects of g-C₃N₄-based photocatalytic materials for CO₂ reduction are presented.

Lithium metal solid-state battery is the first choice of batteries for electromobiles and consumer electronic products because of the specific capacity of 3860 mAh g⁻¹ and high electrochemical potential (−3.04 V) of Li metal. Flexible polymer solid electrolytes have become the optimal solution to produce high energy density lithium batteries with arbitrary size and shape. In this work, we introduce a halide perovskite, CsSnI_3, into the polyethylene oxide/lithium bis-(trifluoromethanesuphone)imide (PEO–LiTFSI) polymer matrix. The CsSnI₃ could form a Li_xSn alloy with Li, leading to homogenization of the electric field and Li⁺-flux at the interface, Sn atom also bonds with the TFSI⁻ anion to provide more dissociated Li⁺. Besides that, the I atom could interact with Li to form an electronic insulation with a strong blocking effect on electron tunneling. As a proof of concept, the synergy mechanism of the PEO–LiTFSI–CsSnI₃ electrolyte improves the stable cycle life of the symmetric battery to more than 500 h, and the Li⁺ conductivity raised to 6.1 × 10⁻⁴S cm⁻¹ at 60°C. The application of the “zwitter ions analog” halide perovskite in PEO–LiTFSI provides a new choice among various methods to improve the electrochemical performance of polymer solid-state batteries.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), a special sort of three-dimensional crystalline porous lattices composed of organic multi-site connectors and metal nodes, are characterized by unique porosity and high specific surface area, which have attracted a wide range of interest as electrode materials for the electrochemical energy storage devices in recent years. In this contribution, we outline the current research progress on the construction of pristine MOFs, MOF composites, and MOF derivatives and their applications as electrode materials in supercapacitors (SCs) and lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Specifically, we discuss the shortcomings of MOFs-based electrode materials for SCs and LIBs. The innovative work on performance improvements by combining MOFs with other conductive materials and derivating MOFs into metal sulfides, metal oxides, metal phosphides, and porous carbon is also presented in detail. Finally, our perspectives on the challenges in the future for a grasp of the potential mechanisms are tentatively provided. This review will inspire more developments and applications of MOFs-based electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage.

Metallurgical slag such as solid waste generated in the steel industry carries environmental pollution risks, but it is rich in nutrients required by microalgae. Metallurgical slag used for carbon capture and biomass energy conversion has multiple benefits: (i) reduction and harmless treatment of metallurgical solid waste, (ii) assisting in carbon neutrality by efficient carbon fixation, and (iii) production of biodiesel from CO₂. In this study, AOD, BOF, BFS, HVS, and VTS slag were applied to culture Chlorella pyrenoidosa (C. pyrenoidosa) with the regulation of growth, carbon fixation, and lipid synthesis. An excellent fixed amount of CO₂ with 94.59 mg is obtained from C. pyrenoidosa biomass at BOF slag added (mass ratio of CO₂ captured/microalgae/slag with 1.99/1.00/10.53) since high Ca/Mg mass ratio of 419 (8.38 mg/L Ca and 0.02 mg/L Mg), no Cr and low concentration of Al (0.04 mg/L) contribute to regulating antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD and POD) to resist ROS and improving PEPC activity to reduce carbon flux toward lipid to promote biomass synthesis. Both metal concentrations from Ca (5.86 mg/L), Mg (0.05 mg/L), Al (0.42 mg/L), and Cr (0.006 mg/L) and suitable pH (10.53) in AOD leaching solution at solid/liquid ratio of 0.5 g/L change carbon flow toward efficient lipid synthesis (47.07 wt%) by continuously providing raw materials and energy by regulating ACC, ME, and PEPC activities. High value-added biodiesel with high concentrations of C16 and C18 methyl esters from lipid of C. pyrenoidosa is achieved, following other ecological and economic benefits including 197 mg CO₂ captured and 2198 mg AOD applied with harmless. In this study, C. pyrenoidosa is cultured with elements from metallurgical slag solid waste, which promotes C. pyrenoidosa efficient carbon fixation to assist in carbon neutrality, and provides guidance for CO₂ conversion to high-value-added products with low cost.

Due to its high energy density and low interface impedance, in situ polymerized gel electrolytes were considered as a promising electrolyte candidate for lithium metal batteries (LMBs). In this work, a new flame-retardant gel electrolyte was prepared via in situ ring-opening polymerization of DOL and TEP. The PDOL–TEP electrolyte exhibits excellent room temperature ionic conductivity (0.38 mS cm⁻¹), wide electrochemical window (4.4 V), high Li⁺ transference number (0.57), and enhanced safety. Thus, the NCM811||Li cells with PDOL–TEP electrolyte exhibit excellent cycle stability (82.7% of capacity retention rate after 300 cycles at 0.5 C) and rate performance (156 and 119 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.5 and 1 C). Furthermore, phosphorus radicals decomposed from TEP can combine with hydrogen radicals to block the combustion reaction. This work provides an effective method for the preparation of solid-state LMBs with high voltage, high energy density, and high safety.

Steel slag is a waste discharged from the iron and steel smelting process, which has the characteristics of large output, high temperature, complex chemical composition and poor stability. The application of steel slag in hydrogen production and CO₂ fixation is of great significance for reducing energy consumption, obtaining renewable energy and fixing CO₂ in the air. In this paper, the research progress of high-temperature sensible heat of steel slag used for hydrogen production and CO₂ fixation at medium and low temperature is introduced, the reaction mechanism of different hydrogen production methods and the treatment path and direction of high-efficiency hydrogen production in the future are deeply analyzed, and the steel slag used for CO₂ fixation is discussed and summarized from the theory, effect and treatment mode of CO₂ fixation. In the future, the research on the economic benefits of hydrogen production and CO₂ fixation from steel slag is a major focus, which can achieve economic benefits while utilizing steel slag resources.