Carbon Neutralization最新文献

Electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction (CO₂RR), an emerging sustainable energy technology to convert atmospheric CO₂ into value-added chemicals, has received extensive attention. However, the high thermodynamic stability of CO₂ and the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction lead to poor catalytic performances, hardly meeting industrial application demands. Due to abundant reserves and favorable CO selectivity, zinc (Zn)-based catalysts have been considered one of the most prospective catalysts for CO₂-to-CO conversion. A series of advanced zinc-based electrocatalysts, including Zn nanosheets, Zn single atoms, defective ZnO, and metallic Zn alloys, have been widely reported for CO₂RR. Despite significant progress, a comprehensive and fundamental summary is still lacking. Herein, this review provides a thorough discussion of effective modulation strategies such as morphology design, doping, defect, heterointerface, alloying, facet, and single-atom, emphasizing how these methods can influence the electronic structure and adsorption properties of intermediates, as well as the catalytic activity of Zn-based materials. Moreover, the challenges and opportunities of Zn-based catalysts for CO₂RR are also discussed. This review is expected to promote the broader application of efficient Zn-based catalysts in electrocatalytic CO₂RR, thus contributing to a future of sustainable energy.

Currently, the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO₂) has exceeded 400 ppm in the atmosphere. Thus, there is an urgent need to explore CO₂ reduction and utilization technologies. Photocatalytic technology can convert CO₂ to valuable hydrocarbons (CH₄, CH₃OH, and C₂H₅OH, etc.), realizing the conversion of solar energy to chemical energy as well as solving the problems of fossil fuel shortage and global warming. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄), as a two-dimensional nonmetallic semiconductor material, shows great potential in the field of CO₂ photoreduction due to its moderate bandgap, easy synthesis method, low cost, and visible light response properties. This review elaborates the research progress of g-C₃N₄-based photocatalysts for photocatalytic CO₂ reduction. The modification strategies (e.g., morphology engineering, elemental doping, crystallinity modulation, cocatalyst modification, and constructing heterojunction) of g-C₃N₄-based photocatalysts for CO₂ reduction application have been discussed in detail. Finally, the challenges and development prospects of g-C₃N₄-based photocatalytic materials for CO₂ reduction are presented.

Lithium metal solid-state battery is the first choice of batteries for electromobiles and consumer electronic products because of the specific capacity of 3860 mAh g⁻¹ and high electrochemical potential (−3.04 V) of Li metal. Flexible polymer solid electrolytes have become the optimal solution to produce high energy density lithium batteries with arbitrary size and shape. In this work, we introduce a halide perovskite, CsSnI_3, into the polyethylene oxide/lithium bis-(trifluoromethanesuphone)imide (PEO–LiTFSI) polymer matrix. The CsSnI₃ could form a Li_xSn alloy with Li, leading to homogenization of the electric field and Li⁺-flux at the interface, Sn atom also bonds with the TFSI⁻ anion to provide more dissociated Li⁺. Besides that, the I atom could interact with Li to form an electronic insulation with a strong blocking effect on electron tunneling. As a proof of concept, the synergy mechanism of the PEO–LiTFSI–CsSnI₃ electrolyte improves the stable cycle life of the symmetric battery to more than 500 h, and the Li⁺ conductivity raised to 6.1 × 10⁻⁴S cm⁻¹ at 60°C. The application of the “zwitter ions analog” halide perovskite in PEO–LiTFSI provides a new choice among various methods to improve the electrochemical performance of polymer solid-state batteries.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), a special sort of three-dimensional crystalline porous lattices composed of organic multi-site connectors and metal nodes, are characterized by unique porosity and high specific surface area, which have attracted a wide range of interest as electrode materials for the electrochemical energy storage devices in recent years. In this contribution, we outline the current research progress on the construction of pristine MOFs, MOF composites, and MOF derivatives and their applications as electrode materials in supercapacitors (SCs) and lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Specifically, we discuss the shortcomings of MOFs-based electrode materials for SCs and LIBs. The innovative work on performance improvements by combining MOFs with other conductive materials and derivating MOFs into metal sulfides, metal oxides, metal phosphides, and porous carbon is also presented in detail. Finally, our perspectives on the challenges in the future for a grasp of the potential mechanisms are tentatively provided. This review will inspire more developments and applications of MOFs-based electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage.

Metallurgical slag such as solid waste generated in the steel industry carries environmental pollution risks, but it is rich in nutrients required by microalgae. Metallurgical slag used for carbon capture and biomass energy conversion has multiple benefits: (i) reduction and harmless treatment of metallurgical solid waste, (ii) assisting in carbon neutrality by efficient carbon fixation, and (iii) production of biodiesel from CO₂. In this study, AOD, BOF, BFS, HVS, and VTS slag were applied to culture Chlorella pyrenoidosa (C. pyrenoidosa) with the regulation of growth, carbon fixation, and lipid synthesis. An excellent fixed amount of CO₂ with 94.59 mg is obtained from C. pyrenoidosa biomass at BOF slag added (mass ratio of CO₂ captured/microalgae/slag with 1.99/1.00/10.53) since high Ca/Mg mass ratio of 419 (8.38 mg/L Ca and 0.02 mg/L Mg), no Cr and low concentration of Al (0.04 mg/L) contribute to regulating antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD and POD) to resist ROS and improving PEPC activity to reduce carbon flux toward lipid to promote biomass synthesis. Both metal concentrations from Ca (5.86 mg/L), Mg (0.05 mg/L), Al (0.42 mg/L), and Cr (0.006 mg/L) and suitable pH (10.53) in AOD leaching solution at solid/liquid ratio of 0.5 g/L change carbon flow toward efficient lipid synthesis (47.07 wt%) by continuously providing raw materials and energy by regulating ACC, ME, and PEPC activities. High value-added biodiesel with high concentrations of C16 and C18 methyl esters from lipid of C. pyrenoidosa is achieved, following other ecological and economic benefits including 197 mg CO₂ captured and 2198 mg AOD applied with harmless. In this study, C. pyrenoidosa is cultured with elements from metallurgical slag solid waste, which promotes C. pyrenoidosa efficient carbon fixation to assist in carbon neutrality, and provides guidance for CO₂ conversion to high-value-added products with low cost.

Due to its high energy density and low interface impedance, in situ polymerized gel electrolytes were considered as a promising electrolyte candidate for lithium metal batteries (LMBs). In this work, a new flame-retardant gel electrolyte was prepared via in situ ring-opening polymerization of DOL and TEP. The PDOL–TEP electrolyte exhibits excellent room temperature ionic conductivity (0.38 mS cm⁻¹), wide electrochemical window (4.4 V), high Li⁺ transference number (0.57), and enhanced safety. Thus, the NCM811||Li cells with PDOL–TEP electrolyte exhibit excellent cycle stability (82.7% of capacity retention rate after 300 cycles at 0.5 C) and rate performance (156 and 119 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.5 and 1 C). Furthermore, phosphorus radicals decomposed from TEP can combine with hydrogen radicals to block the combustion reaction. This work provides an effective method for the preparation of solid-state LMBs with high voltage, high energy density, and high safety.

Steel slag is a waste discharged from the iron and steel smelting process, which has the characteristics of large output, high temperature, complex chemical composition and poor stability. The application of steel slag in hydrogen production and CO₂ fixation is of great significance for reducing energy consumption, obtaining renewable energy and fixing CO₂ in the air. In this paper, the research progress of high-temperature sensible heat of steel slag used for hydrogen production and CO₂ fixation at medium and low temperature is introduced, the reaction mechanism of different hydrogen production methods and the treatment path and direction of high-efficiency hydrogen production in the future are deeply analyzed, and the steel slag used for CO₂ fixation is discussed and summarized from the theory, effect and treatment mode of CO₂ fixation. In the future, the research on the economic benefits of hydrogen production and CO₂ fixation from steel slag is a major focus, which can achieve economic benefits while utilizing steel slag resources.

Sodium ion hybrid capacitors (SIHC) are emerging as promising next-generation energy storage devices with high energy/power density. Presodiation is an essential part of SIHC production due to the lack of sodium sources in the cathode and anode. However, in the current presodiation methods, electrochemical presodiation by galvanostatic current charging and discharging requires a temporary half-cell or a complex reassembling process, which severely hinders the commercialization of SIHC. Herein, in situ synthesized Na₂S infiltrated in activated carbon was used as a sodium salt additive for supplying Na⁺ in SIHC. Due to a low ratio of Na₂S additive attributed to high theoretical specific capacity, the fabricated Na₂S/activated carbon composite//HC SIHC can show a higher energy density of 129.71 Wh kg⁻¹ than previously reported SIHC on presodiation of cathode additives. Moreover, the designed SIHC shows an excellent cycling performance of 10,000 cycles, which is attributed to the Na₂S additive with the advantages of low decomposition potential and no gas generation. This work provides a novel approach for the fabrication of highly efficient Na₂S additive composite cathodes for SIHC.

Front cover image: The cover image shows a zirconium substitution strategy being used to improve the electrochemical performance of the NaNi_1/3Fe_1/3Mn_1/3-xZr_xO₂ cathode materials for sodium-ion battieries, thereby promoting the commercial use of sodium-ion battieries in low-speed electric vehicles and energy storage. The modification mechanism is to achieve the purpose of micromodulation of crystal structure through the partial substitution of Zr element for Mn element in the transition metal layer.

Back cover image: The cover image shows the form-stable PCMs with recyclable skeletons used as green and efficient thermal storage materials. Through heat exchange and heat storage functions, recyclable skeleton-based form-stable PCMs achieve temperature regulation and energy conservation through phase transition. The energy-saving temperature control effect has promoted the widespread and efficient application of recyclable skeleton-based form-stable PCMs in various fields, including Biomedicine, Electronics industry, Energy-saving building, Information blocking, and more.