ChemistryEurope最新文献

Schizochytrium sp., a eukaryotic microalga, biosynthesizes docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6 ω3) by DHA synthase, which is composed of three subunits (OrfA to C) possessing multiple catalytic domains. The enzyme has three dehydratase (DH) domains, DH_PKS in OrfA and tandem DH_FabA (DH1_FabA and DH2_FabA) domains in OrfC. In this study, the function of each of the DH domains was investigated by in vivo heterologous expression experiments in Escherichia coli and in vitro studies with recombinant truncated OrfA containing DH_PKS and full-length OrfC, in which one of the tandem DH_FabA domains was inactivated by site-directed mutagenesis, and acyl–acyl carrier protein (ACP) intermediates. Following heterologous expression, the DH1_FabA- or DH2_FabA-inactivated enzyme produced no DHA, revealing that both domains are essential, while the DH_PKS-inactivated enzyme showed significantly reduced DHA productivity, confirming that DH_PKS is required for full production of DHA. Moreover, in vitro experiments showed that the C4-ACP substrate was accepted by all of the DHs, but DH_PKS and DH2_FabA showed higher activities than DH1_FabA. DH1_FabA catalyzed two types of reactions: (de)hydrations of C10-, C16-, and C22-ACP substrates and (de)hydrations/2-trans to 2-cis isomerization of C8-, C14-, and C20-ACP substrates. By contrast, DH2_FabA catalyzed (de)hydrations/2-trans to 3-cis isomerization of C6-, C12-, and C18-ACP substrates.

The Front Cover shows a porosity-controlled carbon fiber paper, constructed by electrospinning polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and poly(methyl 2-methacrylate) (PMMA) and carbonization, as a dual-functional electrode substrate for high-sulfur-loading cathodes (6.1 mg cm⁻²) and stabilized lean-lithium anodes (10 mA h cm⁻²). The fabricated lithium–sulfur full cell achieves stable 400 cycles with a low negative-to-positive capacity ratio under lean electrolyte conditions (electrolyte-to-sulfur ratio of 7 μL mg⁻¹). For more information, see the Research Article by C.-C. Wu and S.-H. Chung (DOI: 10.1002/ceur.202500070).

The kinetically controlled supramolecular homo- and heteropolymerization of BDTs and BODIPYs, which feature amido-ester flexible ethylene linkers capable of forming seven-membered intramolecularly hydrogen-bonded pseudocycles that hinder supramolecular polymerization, has been experimentally investigated, revealing a complex assembly behavior. The Cover Feature depicts the energetic scenario in which the monomers are assembled into the corresponding aggregated species. More information can be found in the Research Article by L. Sánchez and co-workers (DOI: 10.1002/ceur.202500231).

The Cover Feature illustrates the propagation of periodic concentration perturbations in chemical reactions. As suggested by the design, these perturbations propagate with distinct phase delays, influenced by reaction rates and the connectivity of reaction pathways. In their Research Article (DOI: 10.1002/ceur.202500266), C. Lefebvre and Q. Duez explain how they harnessed electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry for real-time monitoring of these perturbations in the organocatalytic addition of cyclopentadiene to α,β-unsaturated aldehydes, thereby revealing insights into the kinetics of individual reaction steps.

The Cover Feature illustrates rotary molecular systems (RMSs) activated by visible, near-infrared (NIR), or two-photon (TPA) light. The Review by L. Hortigüela and S. P. Morcillo (DOI: 10.1002/ceur.202500370) analyses how molecular architecture, chiral organization, and excited-state design govern the efficiency, directionality, and thermal behavior of light-driven rotation. It highlights bioinspired designs based on natural chromophores that expand RMS operation toward longer-wavelength activation, enhanced quantum efficiency, and biocompatible functionality.

Extremely sterically demanding bis(bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl)-substituted aluminum and gallium compounds are particularly suitable for applications in frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) chemistry. A selective exchange reaction between Bis₂GaBr (Bis = CH(SiMe₃)₂) and Bis₂AlH affords the previously inaccessible Bis₂GaH, a monomeric gallium hydride, in solution, as confirmed by diffusion ordered spectroscopy NMR, IR spectroscopy, quantum chemical calculations, and—indirectly—by hydrogallation of phenylacetylene. A simple one-pot route enables access to Bis₂EOP^tBu₂ FLPs (E = Al, Ga) via formal HBr adducts and subsequent deprotonation with KHMDS. As predicted for Bis₂GaOP^tBu₂, H₂ activation is favored, although it proceeds slowly and irreversibly. Surprisingly, variable-temperature NMR studies unveil a dynamic equilibrium between the H₂ adduct Bis₂Ga(H)OP(H)^tBu₂ and the free gallium hydride and phosphine oxide, shedding new light on reversible hydrogen activation in main-group FLP systems.

This study explores the synthesis and characterization of novel indium-based pentafluoroorthotellurate (teflate) derivatives. It introduces a series of indium(III) teflate mono- and trianions, including [In(OTeF₅)₄(THF)₂]^– and [In(OTeF₅)₆]^3–. The research utilizes low-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction, IR, and NMR spectroscopy to provide the first structural insights into these indium(III) teflate anions. The neutral Lewis acid [In(OTeF₅)₃] is successfully synthesized as its THF adduct [In(OTeF₅)₃(THF)₃] via a salt metathesis reaction with InCl₃ and AgOTeF_5. Quantum-chemical calculations and catalytic tests highlight the pronounced Lewis acidity of the indium center in these compounds.

In this Guest Editorial, the special issue of ChemistryEurope on supramolecular luminescent chemosensors (LCs) is presented, showcasing selected contributions from members of the COST Action LUCES (CA22131). LCs are a versatile means to sensitively and selectively detect pollutants and biologically relevant molecules. Recent advances in this rapidly growing field include molecular receptors and nanostructured assemblies, as well as device integration and data-driven sensing. Articles in this issue highlight a range of innovations within European collaborations fostered by LUCES, demonstrating the Action's focus on translating fundamental findings from the laboratory into real-life solutions to environmental and societal needs.

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries have garnered significant attention owing to high theoretical energy density (2600 Wh kg^–1). Their commercialization is otherwise impeded by sluggish redox kinetics and shuttle effect stemming from the generation of soluble lithium polysulfides (LiPSs). Extensive studies have indicated the introduction of light energy into Li–S systems effectively enhances the reaction kinetics of the sulfur reduction/evolution reaction while simultaneously suppressing the LiPS shuttling. Nevertheless, the realization of high-performance photoassisted Li–S batteries remains challenging, primarily because of the insufficient utilization efficiency of photoinduced carriers in redox reactions. Collectively, the field lacks a comprehensive overview elucidating the mechanisms of charge carrier separation and the photoelectrochemistry of LiPS conversion. In this review, recent advances in the design of battery configurations, photoelectrodes, and catalysts for photoassisted Li–S batteries are summarized, providing an in-depth discussion on the photoelectrochemical processes. The prevailing challenges and future prospects toward the practical viability of photoassisted Li–S batteries are also highlighted.

Sustainable agricultural systems face numerous challenges, including the need for sustainable resources, enhanced crop productivity, and improved postharvest management. Due to their unique physicochemical properties, such as tunable luminescence range, biocompatibility, ease of synthesis, facile surface functionality, water solubility, and low toxicity, carbon dots (CDs) have emerged as promising nanomaterials for sustainable agriculture. These features enable their broad application throughout the agricultural life cycle, from promoting plant growth and development to enhancing the preservation and detection of agricultural products. CDs can be synthesized from a wide variety of organic waste, including crop residues, facilitating their reintegration into a closed-loop agricultural system. Here, recent progress in the use of CDs in key stages of the crop growth cycle, including seed germination, vegetative development, and crop protection, is summarized. In addition, their role in postharvest preservation, antimicrobial activity, and safety assessment of agricultural commodities is discussed. Finally, current limitations and future directions for the application of CDs in sustainable agriculture are critically evaluated.