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Whose benefactors? Whose beneficiaries?—Negotiating help at the intersection between the family and the state 谁的恩人?谁的受益人?--在家庭与国家的交叉点上协商帮助
IF 1.6 3区 社会学 Q2 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-02-14 DOI: 10.1111/cfs.13128
Sabine Ellung Jørgensen

Social work is characterized as a helping profession. Consequently, the nature and purposes of social work revolve around concepts of help and helping. In this article, I explore what happens when the extended family network and friends are brought together by child welfare services to make decisions to help a child. Based on analyses of a single videotaped family group conference, this article offers insights into the challenges and complexities families face when dealing with the mandated task to devise a plan that meets the child's needs. By examining sequences of interaction where friends and family members discuss future scenarios with some cast as beneficiaries and others as benefactors, I show how some of these complexities can be captured in terms of the relationship between benefactive stance and benefactive status. The complexities include ambiguities regarding the relationship between nominated future scenarios and the problem(s) they were designed to solve. Furthermore, participants dealt with uncertainties regarding who was more inclined towards specific future scenarios and thus understood to be the actual beneficiary. Additionally, the analysis shows that social identities ascribed to recipients when resolutions to problems were linked to family members' past shortcomings complicated the acknowledgement and acceptance of assistance.

社会工作的特点是助人职业。因此,社会工作的性质和目的都围绕着帮助和助人的概念。在本文中,我将探讨当儿童福利服务机构召集大家庭网络和朋友一起做出帮助儿童的决定时会发生什么。本文基于对一次家庭小组会议录像的分析,深入探讨了家庭在应对制定满足儿童需求的计划这一法定任务时所面临的挑战和复杂性。通过研究朋友和家庭成员讨论未来情景的互动序列,其中一些人被视为受益人,另一些人则被视为受益人,我展示了如何从受益人立场和受益人地位之间的关系来捕捉其中的一些复杂性。这些复杂性包括提名的未来情景与这些情景旨在解决的问题之间关系的模糊性。此外,参与者还不确定谁更倾向于特定的未来情景,从而被理解为真正的受益者。此外,分析表明,当问题的解决与家庭成员过去的缺点联系在一起时,赋予受援者的社会身份使得承认和接受援助变得复杂。
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引用次数: 0
Adoptive parent linguistics: Links to adoptees' relationships with their birth mother 收养父母的语言学:被收养者与生母关系的联系
IF 1.6 3区 社会学 Q2 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-02-12 DOI: 10.1111/cfs.13153
Anna W. Wright, Albert Y. H. Lo, Hollee McGinnis, Carine Leslie, Harold D. Grotevant

Objective

The study addressed whether specific linguistic variables used by adoptive parents were associated with ratings of the adoptee's relationship with their birth mothers.

Background

Parents transmit their beliefs and values to children through verbal and nonverbal communication. The ways in which adoptive parents discuss their child's adoption and birth family can influence the child's adoptive identity development and satisfaction with their adoption arrangements.

Method

Participants included mothers, fathers, and adolescents (M age = 15.7 years) in 177 adoptive families of children who were adopted domestically as infants by same-race parents. The Linguistic Analysis and Word Count 2015 (LIWC2015) program was used to code adoptive parents' interviews regarding their thoughts and feelings about adoption and their child's birth family. Adolescents' views of birth mothers were coded from their interviews.

Results

There were significant differences in linguistic patterns when adoptive parents discussed adoption generally compared to when they discussed their child's birth family. Specific linguistic variables used by adoptive mothers and fathers were significantly associated with adopted adolescents' perceptions and feelings towards their birth mothers.

该研究探讨了养父母使用的特定语言变量是否与被收养人对其与生母关系的评价有关。养父母通过语言和非语言交流将其信仰和价值观传递给子女。领养父母讨论孩子的领养和出生家庭的方式会影响孩子的领养身份发展和对领养安排的满意度。参与者包括同种族父母在国内领养的177个领养家庭中的母亲、父亲和青少年(平均年龄=15.7岁)。我们使用语言分析和字数统计 2015(LIWC2015)程序对领养父母的访谈进行编码,以了解他们对领养及其孩子出生家庭的想法和感受。领养父母在讨论领养问题时使用的语言模式与讨论孩子的出生家庭时使用的语言模式存在显著差异。养父母和养父使用的特定语言变量与被收养青少年对生母的看法和情感有显著关联。
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引用次数: 0
Navigating, being tricked, and blaming oneself—A meta-synthesis of youth's experience of involvement in online child sexual abuse 导航、受骗和自责--青少年卷入网络儿童性虐待经历的元综述
IF 1.6 3区 社会学 Q2 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-02-07 DOI: 10.1111/cfs.13152
Line Indrevoll Stänicke, Gry Katrin Reiremo, Sebastian Istad Scheie, Reidar Schei Jessen, Tine K. Jensen

Social media use is an integrated part of youth's social life, enabling access to knowledge and social exploration, but it also increases the risk of experiencing online child sexual abuse (OCSA). Quantitative reviews of OCSA provide insights into prevalence, risk factors, and mental health outcomes, but we have limited knowledge about how youth experience OCSA. This study aims to synthesize qualitative studies on youth's (12–24 years of age) first-person experiences of OCSA. We conducted a systematic database search and included 16 studies. The meta-synthesis resulted in three meta-themes: (1) “Navigating in a digital world – feeling safe and understood,” (2) “Being lured, tricked, and caught up in online child sexual abuse,” and (3) “Facing the consequences – feeling powerless and blaming oneself.” Although the studies included most females, findings apply to all genders and across ages. The results highlight how online sexual engagement is a way to explore social and sexual relationships and address a basic need to be understood and supported. However, when trust is misused, developmental tasks related to autonomy and agency may be shattered, replaced with shame and self-blame. These findings point to the need to openly and nonjudgementally address OCSA so that it can be disclosed, and the psychological impact can be addressed.

社交媒体的使用是青少年社会生活的一个组成部分,它可以帮助青少年获取知识和进行社会探索,但同时也增加了他们遭受网络儿童性虐待(OCSA)的风险。对 OCSA 的定量研究提供了有关其流行率、风险因素和心理健康结果的见解,但我们对青少年如何经历 OCSA 的了解还很有限。本研究旨在综合有关青少年(12-24 岁)亲身经历 OCSA 的定性研究。我们进行了系统的数据库搜索,共纳入了 16 项研究。元综合产生了三个元主题:(1)"在数字世界中导航--感到安全和被理解",(2)"被引诱、欺骗和陷入网络儿童性虐待",以及(3)"面对后果--感到无能为力和自责"。虽然研究对象大多为女性,但研究结果适用于所有性别和不同年龄段。研究结果凸显了网络性接触是一种探索社交和性关系的方式,也是满足被理解和被支持的基本需求的方式。然而,当信任被滥用时,与自主性和能动性相关的发展任务可能会被打破,取而代之的是羞愧和自责。这些研究结果表明,有必要以公开和非评判性的方式来解决 OCSA 问题,从而使其得以披露,并消除其心理影响。
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引用次数: 0
Developing a model for child participation in child welfare services 开发儿童参与儿童福利服务的模式
IF 1.6 3区 社会学 Q2 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-02-05 DOI: 10.1111/cfs.13150
Sofie Henze-Pedersen, Tea Torbenfeldt Bengtsson

In this article, we develop a model for child participation in child welfare services (CPC). Child participation has gained increasing attention in research, policy and practice in the last couple of decades. Two perspectives have concurrently moved this agenda forward—childhood sociology and children's rights—leading to an almost irrefutable understanding of children as social actors with independent rights. We integrate these perspectives in one model in our CPC model. We base the model on the rights-based Lundy model of child participation and develop it with theoretical insights from childhood sociology and social work as well as empirical insights from the literature on CPC. To capture the specific conditions of child welfare services and the social world of the child, we add contexts as a new overarching element in our CPC model. We also expand the four elements in the original Lundy model to include time and space, voices, direct and indirect audiences and influence and statutory power. The CPC model is designed to conceptualize how child participation unfolds as both a right of the child a social practice within the specific setting of child welfare services.

在本文中,我们建立了一个儿童参与儿童福利服务(CPC)的模型。过去几十年来,儿童参与在研究、政策和实践中日益受到重视。儿童社会学和儿童权利这两个视角同时推动了这一议程,使人们几乎无可辩驳地认识到儿童是拥有独立权利的社会行动者。我们在 CPC 模型中将这两种观点融为一体。我们以基于权利的伦迪儿童参与模型为基础,并结合儿童社会学和社会工作的理论见解以及儿童保护中心文献的经验见解,发展了这一模型。为了捕捉儿童福利服务的具体条件和儿童的社会世界,我们在 CPC 模型中增加了情境作为一个新的总体要素。我们还扩展了兰迪原始模型中的四个要素,包括时间和空间、声音、直接和间接受众以及影响力和法定权力。CPC 模式旨在将儿童参与概念化,将其视为儿童的一项权利,也是儿童福利服务特定环境中的一种社会实践。
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引用次数: 0
Is participation always appropriate? Social workers' perspectives on when to exclude children from conversations about contact visits 参与是否总是适当的?社会工作者对何时将儿童排除在有关接触探访的谈话之外的看法
IF 1.6 3区 社会学 Q2 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-02-05 DOI: 10.1111/cfs.13148
Iselin Huseby-Lie, Oddbjørg Skjær Ulvik, Hilde Anette Aamodt

Previous studies suggest a widespread notion among social workers that children should be involved in child protection processes. Nevertheless, children are found to be unsatisfied with the degree to which they feel involved and heard in those processes. This study explored social workers' reasons to exclude children from conversations about contact visits. It applied a social constructivist approach, in which the dominant understandings of children—‘child constructions’—in the social workers' responses were identified and then used to discuss the concepts of ‘participation’ and ‘conversation’. Findings reveal that social workers' reasons to exclude children from conversations about contact visits align with prevailing notions of children as rights holders, as vulnerable and as mentally immature. This study suggests that broadening the concept of conversations could provide social workers with the latitude to explore innovative approaches to conversing with children. Furthermore, conversations about contact visits should be performed to be as a tool that empowers children to influence and make meaning of their lives.

以往的研究表明,社会工作者普遍认为儿童应参与儿童保护程序。然而,研究发现,儿童对他们在这些过程中的参与度和被倾听的程度并不满意。本研究探讨了社会工作者将儿童排除在有关接触探访对话之外的原因。研究采用了社会建构主义的方法,在社工的回答中找出了对儿童的主要理解--"儿童建构",然后用来讨论 "参与 "和 "对话 "的概念。研究结果表明,社工将儿童排除在有关接触探访的谈话之外的原因,与将儿童视为权利拥有者、弱势儿童和心智不成熟儿童的主流观念是一致的。这项研究表明,拓宽对话的概念可以为社会工作者提供探索与儿童对话的创新方法的空间。此外,应将有关接触探访的谈话作为一种工具,赋予儿童影响其生活并使之具有意义的能力。
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引用次数: 0
The relationship between resilience and parental behaviours: The moderating role of parent and child age 复原力与父母行为之间的关系:父母和子女年龄的调节作用
IF 1.6 3区 社会学 Q2 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-02-05 DOI: 10.1111/cfs.13137
Agnieszka Lasota, Justyna Mróz

The present study investigates the relationship between resilience and parental behaviours and examines the moderating role of parent and child age in this relationship. The cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with a sample of 204 parents of children aged 6 months to 12 years. The Resilience Assessment Scale and the Parenting Behaviours and Dimensions Questionnaire were used. The findings confirmed the existence of a positive relationship between parental resilience and desirable parental dimensions and a negative association with undesirable behaviours towards children. However, overall resilience was not associated with anxious intrusiveness. The moderating effect confirmed that parental age played a moderating role between resilience and punitive behaviours. Child age moderated the relationship between resilience and emotional warmth, permissiveness and anxious intrusiveness. The results of the study indicate the importance of positive resources, such as resilience, and demographic variables, such as parental and child age, in the development of positive parenting.

本研究调查了抗逆力与父母行为之间的关系,并探讨了父母和儿童年龄在这一关系中的调节作用。这项横断面描述性研究以 204 名 6 个月至 12 岁儿童的父母为样本。研究使用了复原力评估量表和养育行为与维度问卷。研究结果证实,父母的抗逆力与父母的理想维度之间存在正相关关系,而与父母对子女的不良行为之间存在负相关关系。然而,总体复原力与焦虑侵扰性无关。调节效应证实,父母的年龄在抗逆力和惩罚行为之间起着调节作用。儿童年龄调节了抗逆力与情感温暖、放任和焦虑侵扰之间的关系。研究结果表明,抗逆力等积极资源以及父母和儿童年龄等人口统计学变量对积极养育的发展非常重要。
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引用次数: 0
Uncertainty and instability in social and health services impact well-being of mothers with lived and living history of substance use 社会和医疗服务的不确定性和不稳定性影响有吸毒史和生活史的母亲的福祉
IF 1.6 3区 社会学 Q2 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-01-28 DOI: 10.1111/cfs.13136
Laura Daari, Emily Nichol, Julia Peak, Karen Urbanoski, Hanna Valeriote, Karen Milligan

Mothers who use substances often experience gender-based and structural inequities that can jeopardize maternal and family wellness. Instability in the availability of services, particularly during public health crises (e.g., COVID-19 pandemic), often results in changes in population health needs/funding/services, which may magnify experiences of disadvantage. Limited research has focused on times of change/crisis and its impact on maternal and family wellness. We examined the experiences of structural disadvantage, service access, and well-being among mothers who use or formerly used substances during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 26 mothers with current or past engagement in outpatient substance use treatment programs for pregnant and parenting women in Ontario, Canada. Transcripts were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis, revealing that instability of services and decreased access to/quality of informal and formal relationships often magnified the mental and affective toll of stressors, both pre-existing and new. The impact on well-being appeared to be greater for families who were actively engaged with child protective services. Findings are discussed in relation to literature examining systemic and societal factors that perpetuate gender-based and structural inequities experienced by mothers with lived and living histories of substance use. The potential impact of changes in public health service delivery requires thoughtful and proactive attention for and by all stakeholders, including integrated attention across systems (e.g., health, social, education) that provide services to support maternal and family well-being.

使用药物的母亲往往会经历基于性别的不平等和结构性不平等,这可能会危及孕产妇和家庭的健康。服务供应的不稳定性,尤其是在公共卫生危机期间(如 COVID-19 大流行),往往会导致人口健康需求/资金/服务的变化,这可能会放大弱势经历。有关变革/危机时期及其对孕产妇和家庭健康影响的研究十分有限。我们研究了在 COVID-19 大流行的第一年期间,使用或曾经使用药物的母亲在结构性不利条件、服务获取和福祉方面的经历。我们对加拿大安大略省正在或曾经参与门诊药物使用治疗项目的 26 位孕妇和育儿妇女进行了半结构式访谈。访谈记录采用反思性主题分析法进行分析,结果表明,服务的不稳定性以及非正式和正式关系的减少/质量的下降,往往会放大原有的和新的压力因素对精神和情感造成的伤害。对那些积极参与儿童保护服务的家庭来说,幸福感受到的影响似乎更大。研究结果与研究系统性和社会性因素的文献进行了讨论,这些因素延续了有药物使用经历和生活史的母亲所经历的基于性别的不平等和结构性不平等。公共卫生服务变革的潜在影响需要所有利益相关者的深思熟虑和积极关注,包括跨系统(如卫生、社会、教育)的综合关注,这些系统提供服务以支持孕产妇和家庭的福祉。
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引用次数: 0
Parents' dyadic coping, parent–child relationship quality, and children's emotional difficulties during the COVID-19 pandemic COVID-19大流行期间父母的二元应对、亲子关系质量和儿童的情绪困难
IF 1.6 3区 社会学 Q2 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-01-28 DOI: 10.1111/cfs.13145
Sonia Ranieri Ph.D., Laura Ferrari Ph.D., Miriam Parise Ph.D., Ariela F. Pagani Ph.D., Silvia Donato Ph.D., Camillo Regalia Ph.D., Margherita Lanz Ph.D., Raffaella Iafrate Ph.D., Rosa Rosnati Ph.D.

Although studies have highlighted the role played by couple and parental relationships for children's psychosocial adjustment, especially in challenging situations, research on these two relationship domains has largely developed separately and mostly focussed on negative couple processes. However, Family Systems Theory highlights how these subsystems are interconnected, and studies inspired by this theoretical framework provide evidence of how the quality of the interparental relationship predicts the parent–child relationship. This study focussed on the association between two relational resources (dyadic coping and parent–child relationship quality) and children's emotional difficulties during the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy. Five hundred ninety-one Italian parents filled in an online self-report questionnaire. A path analysis model was estimated to test the mediating role of parent–child relationship quality in the association between partner positive dyadic coping and children's emotional difficulties. The findings showed both a direct effect and an indirect effect of partner positive dyadic coping on children's emotional difficulties, because parent–child relationship quality partially mediated this association. Enhancing parents' ability to cope together with stress and the quality of the parent–child relationship might contribute to decrease children's vulnerability to emotional difficulties in challenging times.

尽管研究强调了夫妻关系和父母关系对儿童的社会心理适应所起的作用,尤其是在具有挑战性的情况下,但对这两个关系领域的研究大多是分开进行的,而且大多集中在消极的夫妻关系过程上。然而,家庭系统理论(Family Systems Theory)强调了这些子系统之间的相互联系,受这一理论框架启发的研究提供了父母间关系的质量如何预测亲子关系的证据。本研究主要探讨了在 COVID-19 大流行病在意大利爆发期间,两种关系资源(双亲应对和亲子关系质量)与儿童情绪困难之间的关联。591 名意大利家长填写了一份在线自我报告问卷。研究人员建立了一个路径分析模型,以检验亲子关系质量在伴侣积极应对与儿童情绪障碍之间的中介作用。研究结果表明,伴侣积极的双向应对方式对儿童的情绪障碍既有直接影响,也有间接影响,因为亲子关系质量在一定程度上起到了中介作用。提高父母共同应对压力的能力和亲子关系的质量,可能有助于降低儿童在充满挑战的时期出现情绪困难的可能性。
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引用次数: 0
Association between life satisfaction, problem behaviours and psychological distress in orphaned adolescents: Exploring gender and orphanhood type discrepancies 孤儿青少年的生活满意度、问题行为和心理困扰之间的关联:探索性别和孤儿类型差异
IF 1.6 3区 社会学 Q2 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-01-26 DOI: 10.1111/cfs.13138
Shiying Li, Yiqi Zhang, Xinnan Wang, Rui Yuan

Bereavement of one or both parents is known to cause many kinds of internalizing and externalizing problems in adolescents. However, less is known about factors that are protective of the mental health of orphaned adolescents and differences by their gender and orphanhood type. To fill these gaps, the current study used a sample from southwestern China to test the association between types of orphans, life satisfaction, adolescents' psychological distress and problem behaviours. The results showed that orphan girls were prone to have lower levels of problem behaviours but higher levels of psychological distress than orphan boys. Female paternal orphans tended to have the highest psychological distress, while male paternal orphans tended to have the lowest psychological distress. In addition, school satisfaction had a stronger association with problem behaviour, and self-satisfaction had a stronger association with psychological distress. Interventions and preventive measures aimed at reducing the psychological distress of orphans could benefit from the findings regarding the correlates of psychological distress and the most vulnerable group among orphans.

众所周知,父母一方或双方的丧亲会导致青少年出现多种内化和外化问题。然而,人们对保护孤残青少年心理健康的因素以及不同性别和孤残类型青少年心理健康的差异却知之甚少。为了填补这些空白,本研究以中国西南地区为样本,检验了孤儿类型、生活满意度、青少年心理困扰和问题行为之间的关联。结果显示,与孤儿男孩相比,孤儿女孩的问题行为水平较低,但心理困扰水平较高。父系女孤儿的心理困扰程度最高,而父系男孤儿的心理困扰程度最低。此外,学校满意度与问题行为的关系更密切,而自我满意度与心理困扰的关系更密切。有关心理困扰的相关因素和孤儿中最易受伤害群体的研究结果可有助于采取干预和预防措施,减少孤儿的心理困扰。
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引用次数: 0
Parents' perspectives on the results of mandatory child protection support: A qualitative study 家长对强制性儿童保护支持结果的看法:定性研究
IF 1.6 3区 社会学 Q2 FAMILY STUDIES Pub Date : 2024-01-24 DOI: 10.1111/cfs.13144
Eline H. J. Doelman, Frank C. P. van der Horst, Maartje P. C. M. Luijk, Majone J. Steketee

In situations where parents do not accept support while their family situation is assessed as unsafe (for instance in cases of child abuse and neglect), it is sometimes necessary to offer mandatory support to families. The aim of the current study is to investigate how parents perceive the results of mandatory support from Child Protection Services (CPS) and which elements of the mandatory support parents mark as crucial for the results of the support. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 parents. Parents report mixed feelings about the results of the mandatory support. According to parents, reaching alignment with professionals about the problem definition, as well as the aims of CPS at the start of mandatory CPS, is a crucial element contributing to results of CPS. Additionally, the perceived quality of the support (both on the organizational and professional level) is simultaneous important conditions for a positive view on the support of parents. Implications for practice include the importance of multi-directed partiality of professionals to reach an agreement about the problems definition and the aims of the mandatory CPS involvement.

如果父母在其家庭状况被评估为不安全的情况下不接受支持(例如在虐待和忽视儿童的情况下),有时有必要向家庭提供强制性支持。本研究旨在调查家长如何看待儿童保护服务机构(CPS)提供的强制性支持的结果,以及家长认为强制性支持的哪些因素对支持结果至关重要。研究人员对 18 名家长进行了深入的半结构式访谈。家长们对强制支持的结果褒贬不一。家长们认为,在强制性儿童保护计划开始时,与专业人员就问题定义以及儿童保护计划的目标达成一致,是促进儿童保护计划取得成果的关键因素。此外,对支持质量的感知(组织和专业层面)也是家长对支持持积极态度的重要条件。对实践的启示包括,专业人员必须多向偏袒,就问题的定义和强制参与 CPS 的目的达成一致。
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引用次数: 0
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Child & Family Social Work
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