Climate Smart Agriculture最新文献

Molecular cloning, expression profiling and functional characterization of three small heat shock protein genes in Sogatella furcifera reveals their roles in heat tolerance

Climate Smart Agriculture

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.csag.2025.100041

Yuechao Zhao , Mingli Yu , Yao Chi , Jinyang Wang , Xueping Shi , Yongli Fu , Xingya Wang

The white-backed planthopper (WBPH), Sogatella furcifera (Horváth), is a destructive rice pest in Asia that causes significant economic losses in China's major rice-growing regions. Small heat shock proteins (shsps) play a vital role in temperature adaptation across a wide range of organisms. To evaluate the impact of shsp on high-temperature tolerance in Sogatella furcifera, we cloned the complete cDNA sequences of SfHsp21.9, SfHsp22.4, and SfHsp23.1, and analyzed their expression under high-temperature conditions. Additionally, we confirmed their functionality using RNA interference (RNAi). Overall, the results indicated that the SfHsp21.9, SfHsp22.4, and SfHsp23.1 genes encode 192, 199, and 192 amino acids, respectively. Their molecular weights were 21.69, 22.47, and 21.81 kDa, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the relative conservation of three shsp genes in the WBPH. Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) showed that all three shsp genes were significantly upregulated after 1 h of high-temperature exposure, with their expression levels increasing progressively as the temperature increased. RNAi experiments demonstrated that the injection of double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) targeting these three shsp genes effectively inhibited their expression at the transcriptional level and significantly reduced the survival rate of the WBPH. After high-temperature treatment, silencing these proteins leads to an increased mortality rate. Accordingly, our study contributes to a better understanding of the heat tolerance mechanisms in this species and provides valuable insights for the integrated pest management of rice planthoppers in eastern Asia.

{"title":"Molecular cloning, expression profiling and functional characterization of three small heat shock protein genes in Sogatella furcifera reveals their roles in heat tolerance","authors":"Yuechao Zhao , Mingli Yu , Yao Chi , Jinyang Wang , Xueping Shi , Yongli Fu , Xingya Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.csag.2025.100041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csag.2025.100041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The white-backed planthopper (WBPH), <em>Sogatella furcifera</em> (Horváth), is a destructive rice pest in Asia that causes significant economic losses in China's major rice-growing regions. Small heat shock proteins (shsps) play a vital role in temperature adaptation across a wide range of organisms. To evaluate the impact of shsp on high-temperature tolerance in <em>Sogatella furcifera</em>, we cloned the complete cDNA sequences of <em>SfHsp21.9</em>, <em>SfHsp22.4</em>, and <em>SfHsp23.1</em>, and analyzed their expression under high-temperature conditions. Additionally, we confirmed their functionality using RNA interference (RNAi). Overall, the results indicated that the <em>SfHsp21.9, SfHsp22.4,</em> and <em>SfHsp23.1</em> genes encode 192, 199, and 192 amino acids, respectively. Their molecular weights were 21.69, 22.47, and 21.81 kDa, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the relative conservation of three <em>shsp</em> genes in the WBPH. Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) showed that all three <em>shsp</em> genes were significantly upregulated after 1 h of high-temperature exposure, with their expression levels increasing progressively as the temperature increased. RNAi experiments demonstrated that the injection of double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) targeting these three <em>shsp</em> genes effectively inhibited their expression at the transcriptional level and significantly reduced the survival rate of the WBPH. After high-temperature treatment, silencing these proteins leads to an increased mortality rate. Accordingly, our study contributes to a better understanding of the heat tolerance mechanisms in this species and provides valuable insights for the integrated pest management of rice planthoppers in eastern Asia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100262,"journal":{"name":"Climate Smart Agriculture","volume":"2 1","pages":"Article 100041"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143378597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Institutional efforts and regional distribution of climate-smart agriculture (CSA) initiatives in Ghana

Climate Smart Agriculture

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.csag.2024.100038

Michael Gameli Dziwornu , Powell Mponela , Sandra Sawdiatu Inusah , Fred Fosu Agyarko , Stephen Yeboah , Osman Tahidu Damba , Isaac Boatey Akpatsu , Wuletawu Abera

Mapping climate-smart agriculture (CSA) initiatives enable countries to account for emissions and develop adaptation measures. While discourse on CSA implementation exists, developing countries lack empirical evidence to support intervention design. This study analyzes actor networks and assesses social benefits through a comprehensive review of 153 CSA projects across Ghana's 16 regions from 1971 to 2023. The Northern region hosted the highest concentration (17 %) of CSA projects, followed by Upper West, Upper East, Bono, Eastern, and Ashanti regions, primarily focusing on drought adaptation. Crop production emerged as the dominant system (56 %), with governmental entities leading 80.4 % of initiatives. Regional variations show post-harvest loss reduction as the primary aim in southern regions, while forestry and aquaculture initiatives concentrate in Eastern and Western regions to address flood vulnerability in degraded landscapes. The study reveals spatial and temporal patterns in Ghana's CSA implementation, identifying gaps in coverage and stakeholder participation. These findings provide an evidence base for policymakers to optimize resource allocation, strengthen underserved regions' climate resilience, and align CSA initiatives with national sustainable development goals.

{"title":"Institutional efforts and regional distribution of climate-smart agriculture (CSA) initiatives in Ghana","authors":"Michael Gameli Dziwornu , Powell Mponela , Sandra Sawdiatu Inusah , Fred Fosu Agyarko , Stephen Yeboah , Osman Tahidu Damba , Isaac Boatey Akpatsu , Wuletawu Abera","doi":"10.1016/j.csag.2024.100038","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csag.2024.100038","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mapping climate-smart agriculture (CSA) initiatives enable countries to account for emissions and develop adaptation measures. While discourse on <span>CSA</span> implementation exists, developing countries lack empirical evidence to support intervention design. This study analyzes actor networks and assesses social benefits through a comprehensive review of 153 CSA projects across Ghana's 16 regions from 1971 to 2023. The Northern region hosted the highest concentration (17 %) of CSA projects, followed by Upper West, Upper East, Bono, Eastern, and Ashanti regions, primarily focusing on drought adaptation. Crop production emerged as the dominant system (56 %), with governmental entities leading 80.4 % of initiatives. Regional variations show post-harvest loss reduction as the primary aim in southern regions, while forestry and aquaculture initiatives concentrate in Eastern and Western regions to address flood vulnerability in degraded landscapes. The study reveals spatial and temporal patterns in Ghana's CSA implementation, identifying gaps in coverage and stakeholder participation. These findings provide an evidence base for policymakers to optimize resource allocation, strengthen underserved regions' climate resilience, and align CSA initiatives with national sustainable development goals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100262,"journal":{"name":"Climate Smart Agriculture","volume":"2 1","pages":"Article 100038"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143167801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhancing global agricultural monitoring system for climate-smart agriculture

Climate Smart Agriculture

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.csag.2024.100037

Le Yu , Zhenrong Du , Xiyu Li , Jinhui Zheng , Qiang Zhao , Hui Wu , Duoji weise , Yuanzhen Yang , Quan Zhang , Xinyue Li , Xiaorui Ma , Xiaomeng Huang

Global agricultural monitoring systems face unprecedented challenges due to intensifying climate change. This paper reviews the advancements in existing global agricultural monitoring systems, highlighting deficiencies in addressing extreme weather events, data integration, and real-time analysis. To overcome these limitations, we introduce the Earth System Model-Coupled Global Agricultural Monitoring System (ESM-GAMS), an advanced framework that combines satellite and near-surface remote sensing, artificial intelligence-driven modeling, supercomputing, and crop model to enhance the accuracy and timeliness of crop monitoring and yield predictions under diverse climate scenarios. By integrating multi-source remote sensing data, ESM-GAMS mitigates delays caused by satellite revisit cycles and weather interference, enabling near real-time monitoring with results available at hourly or minute-level intervals. Additionally, the system demonstrated high accuracy in yield simulations under extreme weather, with the improved WOFOST model achieving robust R² values ranging from 0.55 to 0.77, indicating its reliability in predicting yields across diverse conditions. ESM-GAMS not only enables detailed daily monitoring of crop growth, but also provides early-warning capabilities for extreme weather and its impact on prediction. By optimizing resource allocation, supporting climate resilience, and enabling global data computing, ESM-GAMS represents a further step toward achieving climate-smart agriculture.

{"title":"Enhancing global agricultural monitoring system for climate-smart agriculture","authors":"Le Yu , Zhenrong Du , Xiyu Li , Jinhui Zheng , Qiang Zhao , Hui Wu , Duoji weise , Yuanzhen Yang , Quan Zhang , Xinyue Li , Xiaorui Ma , Xiaomeng Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.csag.2024.100037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csag.2024.100037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Global agricultural monitoring systems face unprecedented challenges due to intensifying climate change. This paper reviews the advancements in existing global agricultural monitoring systems, highlighting deficiencies in addressing extreme weather events, data integration, and real-time analysis. To overcome these limitations, we introduce the Earth System Model-Coupled Global Agricultural Monitoring System (ESM-GAMS), an advanced framework that combines satellite and near-surface remote sensing, artificial intelligence-driven modeling, supercomputing, and crop model to enhance the accuracy and timeliness of crop monitoring and yield predictions under diverse climate scenarios. By integrating multi-source remote sensing data, ESM-GAMS mitigates delays caused by satellite revisit cycles and weather interference, enabling near real-time monitoring with results available at hourly or minute-level intervals. Additionally, the system demonstrated high accuracy in yield simulations under extreme weather, with the improved WOFOST model achieving robust R<sup>2</sup> values ranging from 0.55 to 0.77, indicating its reliability in predicting yields across diverse conditions. ESM-GAMS not only enables detailed daily monitoring of crop growth, but also provides early-warning capabilities for extreme weather and its impact on prediction. By optimizing resource allocation, supporting climate resilience, and enabling global data computing, ESM-GAMS represents a further step toward achieving climate-smart agriculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100262,"journal":{"name":"Climate Smart Agriculture","volume":"2 1","pages":"Article 100037"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143167800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Adoption decisions for climate-smart dairy farming practices: Evidence from smallholder farmers in the Salale highlands of Ethiopia

Climate Smart Agriculture

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.csag.2024.100039

Abraham Abera Feyissa , Adugna Tolera , Feyera Senbeta , Dawit Diriba

The adoption rate of climate-smart livestock production in Ethiopia has remained low, despite its potential to increase animal productivity and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Understanding the factors that influence smallholder farmers' (SHFs) decisions to adopt improved practices is crucial for tailoring strategies for stakeholders and policymakers. The present study examines factors that determine adoption and the intensity of adoption of multiple climate-smart dairy (CSD) farming practices, including improved breeds, feed, and feeding conditions, forage, and manure management, using data from 480 SHFs in Salale highlands. The study employed a multivariate probit model (MVP) to analyze the simultaneous adoption of multiple CSD farming practices and an ordered probit model to examine factors influencing the degree of adoption. The results indicate that about 90 % of the smallholder farmers have adopted at least two of the CSD farming practices. Improved breed, improved feed, and improved feeding conditions are the most commonly adopted farming practices, whereas improved forage is the least adopted improved practice in the study area. Our result showed that most CSD farming practices have complementary associations. Furthermore, gender, dependency ratio, land size, Tropical Livestock Unit (TLU), off-farm activity, access to extension services, farmer-to-farmer communication, and distance to the nearest market significantly influence smallholder farmers' adoption and intensity of adoption of multiple CSD farming practices. The result suggest that the government bodies should prioritize encouraging the uptake of improved forages and should take the required steps to facilitate their implementation. To accelerate the adoption of CSD farming practices for SHFs and promote their widespread implementation across the region, policymakers and implementers must recognize the synergies between these practices. Interventions that improve access to agricultural resources, supply chain inputs and outputs, as well as service provision, will further facilitate the adoption and effective implementation of CSD farming practices.

{"title":"Adoption decisions for climate-smart dairy farming practices: Evidence from smallholder farmers in the Salale highlands of Ethiopia","authors":"Abraham Abera Feyissa , Adugna Tolera , Feyera Senbeta , Dawit Diriba","doi":"10.1016/j.csag.2024.100039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csag.2024.100039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The adoption rate of climate-smart livestock production in Ethiopia has remained low, despite its potential to increase animal productivity and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Understanding the factors that influence smallholder farmers' (SHFs) decisions to adopt improved practices is crucial for tailoring strategies for stakeholders and policymakers. The present study examines factors that determine adoption and the intensity of adoption of multiple climate-smart dairy (CSD) farming practices, including improved breeds, feed, and feeding conditions, forage, and manure management, using data from 480 SHFs in Salale highlands. The study employed a multivariate probit model (MVP) to analyze the simultaneous adoption of multiple CSD farming practices and an ordered probit model to examine factors influencing the degree of adoption. The results indicate that about 90 % of the smallholder farmers have adopted at least two of the CSD farming practices. Improved breed, improved feed, and improved feeding conditions are the most commonly adopted farming practices, whereas improved forage is the least adopted improved practice in the study area. Our result showed that most CSD farming practices have complementary associations. Furthermore, gender, dependency ratio, land size, Tropical Livestock Unit (TLU), off-farm activity, access to extension services, farmer-to-farmer communication, and distance to the nearest market significantly influence smallholder farmers' adoption and intensity of adoption of multiple CSD farming practices. The result suggest that the government bodies should prioritize encouraging the uptake of improved forages and should take the required steps to facilitate their implementation. To accelerate the adoption of CSD farming practices for SHFs and promote their widespread implementation across the region, policymakers and implementers must recognize the synergies between these practices. Interventions that improve access to agricultural resources, supply chain inputs and outputs, as well as service provision, will further facilitate the adoption and effective implementation of CSD farming practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100262,"journal":{"name":"Climate Smart Agriculture","volume":"2 1","pages":"Article 100039"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143167752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Moderating effects of grassland ecological compensation policy in linking climatic risk and farmers' livelihood resilience in China

Climate Smart Agriculture

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.csag.2025.100040

Ruoyan Zhang , Shengqiang Zhou , Ru Chen

China is harmonizing the symbiotic relationship between humans and nature through efforts to implement grassland ecological compensation policies (GECP), which have triggered changes in the resilience of farmers' livelihoods within grassland ecosystems. This study examines the direct impacts of climate change on the livelihood resilience of farm households and the direct and moderating effects of GECP on livelihood resilience by constructing a robust empirical strategy using sample data from a multi-year tracking of the regions where GECP was implemented. The results showed that the level of livelihood resilience of farm households showed an increasing trend during the period 2010–2019, buffering capacity and learning capacity are important components in the livelihood resilience of farm households, and higher temperatures and reduced precipitation have negative impacts on the livelihood resilience of farm households. The direct effect of GECP implementation significantly increased the level of livelihood resilience of farm households in the second cycle, but GECP was shown to play a significant moderating role in the relationship between climate change risk and livelihood resilience. The policy moderating effect attenuated the impact of climate change risk on the resilience of farmers' livelihoods and was more pronounced for farmers in husbandry-oriented livelihood strategies. Subsidy intensity is a key factor influencing the moderating effect, more so among farmers with lower levels of resilience and livestock-reducing production decisions. Enhancing the diversity and precision of subsidies is a future direction of improvement for GECP.

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引用次数: 0

Application of crop straw with different C/N ratio affects CH4 emission and Cd accumulation in rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Cd polluted paddy soils 在镉污染的水稻土中，施用不同碳氮比的作物秸秆对水稻CH4排放和Cd积累的影响

Climate Smart Agriculture

Pub Date : 2024-11-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.csag.2024.100036

Qiongli Bao , Jiahao Shi , Zewei Liu , Yundi Kan , Wankui Bao

Return straw to field is a common practice for straw utilization. However, effects of crop straw with different C/N ratio incorporation on the CH₄ emission and Cd phytoavailaility in Cd-contaminated paddy soils have not been simultanously evaluated. Here, we investigated the impacts of rice straw (RS) and pea straw (PS) incorporation on CH₄ emission and rice Cd available in heavily Cd polluted soil (HP) and lightly polluted soil (LP) through a pot experiment. Results showed that RS and PS significantly increased CH₄ emission in the two soils (p < 0.05). CH₄ emission in PS treatment were greater than that in RS treatment. PS with lower C/N ratio favored to increase soil DOC and SOM (p < 0.05), and promote dominant methanogens of Methanobacterium uliginosum and uncultured Methanocellales archeaon growth (p < 0.05), which mainly contributed to higher CH₄ emisison. The significant influences of straw application on soil chemical parmeters subsequently affected soil different Cd fractions (p < 0.05). Specifically, straw significantly decreased water soluble + exchangeable Cd and manganese oxides Cd, but significantly increased other Cd fractions in HP soil (p < 0.05); whereas there were nearly opposite trendancies in LP soil. Thus, roots Cd was mainly determined by soil soluble + changeable Cd in HP soil, while it was more likely affected by other Cd fractions except for the soluble + exchangeable Cd in LP soil, thereby reduced Cd transport from roots to stems in both soils. Greater effects of PS were displayed in inhibiting rice growth and reducing organs Cd than RS in HP soil, while higher efficiency of RS treatment on improving rice growth than that of PS was found in LP soil (p < 0.05). The results can provide a basis for scientific straw returning in Cd contaminated paddy field, achieving safe rice production and reducing carbon emission.

秸秆还田是秸秆利用的普遍做法。然而，不同碳氮比作物秸秆对镉污染水稻土CH4排放和Cd植物有效性的影响尚未得到同步评价。通过盆栽试验，研究了重度镉污染土壤（HP）和轻度镉污染土壤（LP）中水稻秸秆（RS）和豌豆秸秆（PS）掺入对CH4排放和水稻有效镉的影响。结果表明，RS和PS显著增加了两种土壤的CH4排放(p <；0.05)。PS处理的CH4排放量大于RS处理。低碳氮比的PS有利于增加土壤DOC和SOM (p <)；0.05)，并促进优势产甲烷菌uliginosum甲烷杆菌和未培养的古甲烷细胞的生长(p <；0.05)，这主要是导致CH4排放量增加的原因。秸秆施用对土壤化学参数的显著影响随后影响了土壤不同Cd组分(p <；0.05)。具体而言，秸秆显著降低了HP土壤中水溶性+交换性Cd和锰氧化物Cd，但显著增加了其他Cd组分(p <；0.05);而LP土壤则几乎相反。因此，在HP土壤中，根系Cd主要由土壤可溶性+可交换性Cd决定，而在LP土壤中，除可溶性+可交换性Cd外，更可能受到其他Cd组分的影响，从而减少了两种土壤中Cd从根到茎的运输。在HP土壤中，紫杉醇处理抑制水稻生长和降低器官Cd的效果大于RS处理，而在LP土壤中，紫杉醇处理促进水稻生长的效率高于PS处理(p <；0.05)。研究结果可为镉污染稻田秸秆科学还田，实现水稻安全生产和减少碳排放提供依据。

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引用次数: 0

Amine ester improves rice growth and resistance by promoting ammonium and potassium uptake 胺酯通过促进铵和钾的吸收来改善水稻的生长和抗性

Climate Smart Agriculture

Pub Date : 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.csag.2024.100035

Dandan Li , Zhonghua Sun , Jin Chu , Hao Zheng , Weichang Xu , Cui Wan , Xianfu Zheng , Yuanhu Xuan

Fertilizers play a crucial role in improving crop yields; however, excessive fertilizer application leads to environmental pollution, increases greenhouse gas emissions, and contributes to global warming. Therefore, improving fertilizer efficiency is of great significance for crop production and ecological security. Octanoic acid (OA), a type of straight-chain saturated fatty acid commonly found in plants and animals, is known to promote plant growth. In this study, we synthesized amine esters (AE) using OA as the precursor. AE demonstrated a greater growth-promoting effect than OA. To further explore the mechanism underlying AE-induced growth promotion, the responses of macro-element transporter mutants to AE were analyzed. Genetic and physiological studies indicated that mutants of potassium channel AKT1 and ammonium transporter 1 (AMT1) inhibited AE-induced growth promotion in rice seedlings, whereas mutants of nitrate transporter 1.1B (NRT1.1B) and phosphate transporter 8 (PT8) did not significantly inhibit AE-induced growth. Additionally, yeast rescue assays revealed that AE significantly enhanced the absorption of ammonium and potassium ions. Glutamine synthetase 1 (gs1;1) mutants exhibited a response similar to that of AMT1 RNAi, which inhibited AE-induced growth promotion. Furthermore, the administration of AE led to increased chlorophyll accumulation and enhanced resistance to rice blast and sheath blight (ShB) via the potassium and ammonium pathways, respectively. AE also improved tolerance to saline and saline-alkaline stresses through these pathways. In conclusion, AE represents a novel fertilizer additive that promotes rice growth and enhances tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses by activating ammonium and potassium uptake.

化肥在提高作物产量方面发挥着至关重要的作用；然而，过量施肥会导致环境污染，增加温室气体排放，加剧全球变暖。因此，提高肥料利用率对作物生产和生态安全具有重要意义。辛酸（OA）是一种常见于动植物体内的直链饱和脂肪酸，具有促进植物生长的作用。在本研究中，我们以 OA 为前体合成了胺酯 (AE)。与 OA 相比，AE 具有更强的生长促进作用。为了进一步探索 AE 诱导的生长促进机制，我们分析了大分子元素转运体突变体对 AE 的反应。遗传学和生理学研究表明，钾通道 AKT1 和铵转运体 1（AMT1）的突变体抑制了 AE 诱导的水稻秧苗生长促进作用，而硝酸盐转运体 1.1B （NRT1.1B）和磷酸盐转运体 8（PT8）的突变体则没有明显抑制 AE 诱导的生长。此外，酵母拯救试验表明，AE 能显著促进铵离子和钾离子的吸收。谷氨酰胺合成酶 1（gs1;1）突变体表现出与 AMT1 RNAi 类似的反应，抑制了 AE 诱导的生长促进作用。此外，施用 AE 会导致叶绿素积累增加，并分别通过钾和铵途径增强对稻瘟病和鞘枯病（ShB）的抗性。AE 还能通过这些途径提高对盐碱胁迫的耐受性。总之，AE 是一种新型肥料添加剂，它能促进水稻生长，并通过激活铵和钾的吸收提高对生物和非生物胁迫的耐受性。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of elevated temperature and CO2 on growth of two early-maturing potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) varieties 高温和CO2对两个早熟马铃薯品种生长的影响

Climate Smart Agriculture

Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.csag.2024.100034

Chang Liu , Yafei Li , Yibo Liu , Philip Kear , Yan Feng , Lei Wang , Dong Wang , Minsang Luo , Jieping Li

Climate change will significantly reduce potato yields across the world and have a profound impact on food security. However, the effects of changing climatic conditions on various traits of early-maturing potatoes at their different stages of growth are not clear. Therefore, 19 plant traits were investigated across the entire growth period of two major early-maturing potato varieties: Favorita and Zhongshu 5. These were grown in a temperature/CO₂-controlled walk-in chamber under four treatments that simulated the changes predicted in these two climate factors by 2100: Control (ambient temperature 21 °C; ambient CO₂ 400 μmol mol⁻¹), eT (elevated temperature 24 °C; ambient CO₂ 400 μmol mol⁻¹), eCO₂ (ambient temperature, 21 °C; elevated CO₂ 800 μmol mol⁻¹), and eTeCO₂ (elevated temperature 24 °C; elevated CO₂ 800 μmol mol⁻¹). Elevating ambient temperature by 3 °C (eT), elevating CO₂ concentration to 800 μmol mol⁻¹ (eCO₂), and a combination of both treatments (eTeCO₂) brought forward potato tuber initiation by approximately 10 days. eT treatment reduced the yield of Favorita by 83 % and Zhongshu 5 by 52 %, but simultaneously elevating the CO₂ concentration (eTeCO₂) alleviated the negative effects of higher temperature on plant morphology and biomass. Favorita exhibited greater stability than Zhongshu 5 under all treatment conditions. These findings will guide the development, cultivation, and research of climate-resilient potatoes as an adaptation to climate change to strengthen food security.

气候变化将显著降低全球马铃薯产量，并对粮食安全产生深远影响。然而，气候条件变化对早熟马铃薯不同生长阶段各项性状的影响尚不清楚。因此，本研究对两个主要早熟马铃薯品种法沃里塔和中薯5号进行了全生育期19个植物性状的研究。这些植物在温度/二氧化碳控制的行走室中生长，在四种处理下模拟到2100年这两种气候因素的预测变化：控制(环境温度21°C；环境CO2 400 μmol mol−1),eT(升温24℃；环境CO2 400 μmol mol−1)、eCO2(环境温度21℃；升高CO2 800 μmol mol−1)，和eTeCO2(升高温度24℃；CO2升高800 μmol mol−1)。将环境温度提高3℃（eT），将CO2浓度提高到800 μmol mol−1 (eCO2)，以及两种处理组合（ecoo2）使马铃薯块茎形成时间提前约10 d。蒸散发处理使富里菲塔和中树5号的产量分别下降83%和52%，但同时提高CO2浓度（eTeCO2）可缓解高温对植株形态和生物量的负面影响。在所有处理条件下，法沃里塔均表现出比中舒5号更大的稳定性。这些发现将指导气候适应型马铃薯的开发、种植和研究，以适应气候变化，加强粮食安全。

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引用次数: 0

Trends in the research on soil nitrogen leaching from farmland: A bibliometric analysis (2014–2023) 农田土壤氮沥滤研究趋势：文献计量分析（2014-2023 年）

Climate Smart Agriculture

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.csag.2024.100026

Caixia Hu, Xinrui Wang, Jie Li, Lan Luo, Fang Liu, Wenhao Wu, Yan Xu, Houyu Li, Bingcang Tan, Guilong Zhang

This study aims to explore the current progress, hotspots, and future directions in the research on nitrogen (N) leaching from farmlands. We analyzed 793 publications on N leaching published from 2014 to 2023, which were collected from the Web of Science Core Collection database, using bibliometric tools such as CiteSpace and VOSviewer to visualize research networks and the thematic evolution of the field. The results revealed that China and the USA were the leading contributors to this field, which was driven by environmental policies and agricultural challenges in these countries. The Chinese Academy of Sciences, in cooperation with other institutions, produced the highest number of publications, reflecting a significant impact. High-frequency keywords, including “nitrate leaching,” “nitrogen management,” “cropping system,” and “yield,” indicated that the primary research themes were related to optimizing N fertilizer use efficiency while minimizing environmental impacts. Furthermore, emerging terms such as “organic nitrogen,” “controlled release urea,” and “microbial biomass” provided new insights into evolving research directions, emphasizing the crucial role of integrating sustainable nutrient management strategies to address groundwater quality and environmental sustainability goals. Despite these advances, a gap remains in understanding the link between microbial community dynamics, particularly in terms of functional microbes involved in the N cycle, and N leaching. In future studies, researchers should prioritize investigations of the role of microbiomes in N loss from farmlands by employing advanced modeling approaches and utilizing stable isotope tracing techniques to advance the field. These findings provide valuable guidance for future research directions and policy-making efforts to enhance agricultural sustainability and environmental protection.

本研究旨在探讨农田氮（N）淋溶研究的当前进展、热点和未来方向。我们利用 CiteSpace 和 VOSviewer 等文献计量工具，分析了从 Web of Science Core Collection 数据库中收集的 2014 年至 2023 年发表的 793 篇有关氮沥滤的论文，以可视化研究网络和该领域的主题演变。研究结果表明，中国和美国是该领域的主要贡献者，这主要是受这两个国家的环境政策和农业挑战的推动。中国科学院与其他机构合作发表的论文数量最多，反映出其影响力巨大。高频关键词包括 "硝酸盐沥滤"、"氮肥管理"、"种植系统 "和 "产量"，表明主要研究主题与优化氮肥使用效率、同时最大限度地减少对环境的影响有关。此外，"有机氮"、"控释尿素 "和 "微生物生物量 "等新兴术语为研究方向的演变提供了新的视角，强调了整合可持续养分管理策略对于实现地下水质量和环境可持续性目标的关键作用。尽管取得了这些进展，但在了解微生物群落动态（尤其是参与氮循环的功能微生物）与氮沥滤之间的联系方面仍存在差距。在未来的研究中，研究人员应优先调查微生物群落在农田氮流失中的作用，采用先进的建模方法，并利用稳定同位素追踪技术来推动这一领域的研究。这些发现为未来的研究方向和政策制定工作提供了宝贵的指导，以提高农业的可持续性和环境保护。

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引用次数: 0

The potential to reduce runoff generation through improving cropping and tillage practices in a sub-humid continental climate 在亚湿润大陆性气候条件下通过改进种植和耕作方法减少径流产生的潜力

Climate Smart Agriculture

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.csag.2024.100021

Jian Liu , David A. Lobb , Jane A. Elliott , Merrin L. Macrae , Helen M. Baulch , Diogo Costa

Agricultural sustainability is threatened by both water deficit and water excess, especially at the presence of extreme meteorological events resulting from climate change. However, there has been lack of demonstrations on management options with long-term values for agricultural adaptation to runoff. Using 20 years of monitoring data (1993–2012) for two experimental fields in the Canadian Prairies as a case study, we quantified the effects of rainfall characteristics, crop type and biomass, and tillage on growing-season runoff generation using regression analyses and thereafter scenario comparisons. With growing-season gross rainfall ranging between 183 and 456 mm, runoff responses varied between 0 and 59 mm. Over the 20-year study period, 70%–74 % of the growing-season runoff was generated by rainfall events >100 mm. Compared to high-intensity tillage, long-term conservation tillage reduced both overall runoff and runoff in large events likely by improving water infiltration. Under both tillage methods, growing-season runoff significantly increased with increasing rainfall but decreased with increasing biomass (R² range: 0.40–0.58; p range: 0.0007–0.02). At the event level, the rainfall-runoff relationship followed a piecewise regression model (C_d = 0.82; p < 0.0001; “breakpoint” rainfall event = 105 mm), in which runoff increased slowly before reaching the “breakpoint” but rose sharply afterwards. Due to a greater biomass, canola resulted in less runoff than wheat. Scenario analyses showed that increasing crop biomass by 50 % under the current average rainfall conditions could reduce runoff by 81–86 % in wheat and 100 % in canola. The reduction may be attributed to the combined effects of crop on interception, evapotranspiration, and infiltration. In conclusion, although in a sub-humid continental climate like the Canadian Prairies there are generally low amounts of rainfall runoff, this study demonstrates significant runoff in some years, especially following large rainfall events. Runoff generation can be significantly reduced through improving cropping and tillage practices, and such effects on regional water retention should be further assessed by considering the past and future changes in climate and management.

农业的可持续发展受到水资源短缺和过剩的威胁，尤其是在气候变化导致极端气象事件的情况下。然而，在农业适应径流方面，一直缺乏具有长期价值的管理方案示范。以加拿大草原两块试验田 20 年（1993-2012 年）的监测数据为例，我们通过回归分析和此后的情景比较，量化了降雨特征、作物类型和生物量以及耕作对生长季径流产生的影响。生长季总降雨量介于 183 毫米和 456 毫米之间，径流响应介于 0 毫米和 59 毫米之间。在 20 年的研究期间，70%-74% 的生长季径流是由 100 毫米的降雨量产生的。与高强度耕作相比，长期保护性耕作减少了总体径流和大降雨量时的径流，这可能是通过提高水的渗透率实现的。在两种耕作方法下，生长季径流随着降雨量的增加而显著增加，但随着生物量的增加而减少（R2范围：0.40-0.58；P范围：0.0007-0.02）。在事件水平上，降雨与径流的关系遵循片断回归模型（Cd = 0.82；p < 0.0001；"断点 "降雨事件 = 105 毫米），其中径流在达到 "断点 "之前缓慢增加，但在达到 "断点 "之后急剧增加。由于生物量较大，油菜籽的径流量比小麦少。情景分析表明，在当前平均降雨量条件下，作物生物量增加 50%，可使小麦径流量减少 81-86%，油菜籽径流量减少 100%。径流减少的原因可能是作物对截流、蒸散和渗透的综合影响。总之，尽管在加拿大大草原这样的亚湿润大陆性气候中，降雨径流量通常较低，但这项研究表明，在某些年份，尤其是在降雨量较大的年份，径流量很大。通过改进种植和耕作方法，可大大减少径流的产生，而且应考虑到气候和管理方面过去和未来的变化，进一步评估这种情况对区域水源涵养的影响。

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引用次数: 0