Pub Date : 2025-06-06DOI: 10.1016/j.csag.2025.100065
Yu Lai, Ruirui Du, Jiaqi He, Jiaxi Zhou, Liuyang Yao
Effective climate governance and low-carbon agriculture constitute pressing global issues. While the promoting impact of agricultural carbon emissions (ACE) on climate risk has been widely acknowledged, the reverse impact of climate risk on ACE remains insufficiently understood. Hence, this study empirically investigated this reverse impact using balanced panel data from 30 provinces and municipalities in China (2007–2022). Results demonstrate rather than forming a vicious cycle, climate risk has virtuous feedback on ACE from a social system perspective. An informed comprehension and proactive utilization of climate risk can prevent humanity from descending into deeper realms of uncertainty. Additionally, climate policy uncertainty associated with insufficient confidence, limited capacity, and ineffective regulation significantly moderates this anticipated negative impact. Heterogeneity regarding new agricultural business entities is apparent, with technological progress in low-carbon agriculture being the critical mechanism. These findings underscore the necessity for governments to enhance the application of climate change mitigation measures and develop forward-looking climate policies to accelerate the transition toward sustainable development.
{"title":"Vicious cycle or virtuous feedback? Revisiting the impact of climate risk on agricultural carbon emissions in China","authors":"Yu Lai, Ruirui Du, Jiaqi He, Jiaxi Zhou, Liuyang Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.csag.2025.100065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csag.2025.100065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Effective climate governance and low-carbon agriculture constitute pressing global issues. While the promoting impact of agricultural carbon emissions (ACE) on climate risk has been widely acknowledged, the reverse impact of climate risk on ACE remains insufficiently understood. Hence, this study empirically investigated this reverse impact using balanced panel data from 30 provinces and municipalities in China (2007–2022). Results demonstrate rather than forming a vicious cycle, climate risk has virtuous feedback on ACE from a social system perspective. An informed comprehension and proactive utilization of climate risk can prevent humanity from descending into deeper realms of uncertainty. Additionally, climate policy uncertainty associated with insufficient confidence, limited capacity, and ineffective regulation significantly moderates this anticipated negative impact. Heterogeneity regarding new agricultural business entities is apparent, with technological progress in low-carbon agriculture being the critical mechanism. These findings underscore the necessity for governments to enhance the application of climate change mitigation measures and develop forward-looking climate policies to accelerate the transition toward sustainable development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100262,"journal":{"name":"Climate Smart Agriculture","volume":"2 3","pages":"Article 100065"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144264147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-22DOI: 10.1016/j.csag.2025.100064
Yongxin Lin , Xianchu Su , Xiangyin Ni , Jianbo Fan , Hang-Wei Hu , Zhongmin Dai , Weidong Chen , Zi-Yang He , Yuheng Cheng , Guiping Ye , Ji-Zheng He
Manure substitution is increasingly acknowledged as a key practice for enhancing soil health in agricultural systems. However, its effects on soil microbial diversity and functional microorganisms vary across soil conditions. This study examined the effects of partial manure substitution on microbial diversity, community composition, and functional gene abundance in soils subjected to various mineral fertilization treatments using metagenomic sequencing. The results showed that partial manure substitution increased archaeal, bacterial, and fungal richness but did not influence functional gene richness. The microbial community structure was significantly altered by manure substitution, with soil pH and available phosphorus as the key variables. The abundance of Firmicutes was consistently increased, while Chloroflexi decreased due to the manure substitution. The effect of partial manure substitution on the relative abundance of genes involved in organic C degradation and N cycling varied across treatments. Specifically, partial manure substitution increased labile C degradation genes more significantly in the N treatment compared to the NP and NPK treatments. Additionally, it increased the relative abundance of dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) associated genes in the NPK treatment, but not in the N or NP treatments. These findings suggest that manure substitution can enhance soil microbial diversity, but its impact on key functional microorganisms, such as those involved in organic carbon degradation and nitrogen cycling, depends on the mineral fertilization regime. This underscores the importance of accounting for initial soil mineral fertilization when implementing manure substitution as a management practice, particularly in the context of optimizing carbon and nitrogen cycling in agricultural ecosystems.
{"title":"Partial organic substitution increases microbial diversity but has divergent effects on functional microorganisms under various fertilization regimes in an ultisol","authors":"Yongxin Lin , Xianchu Su , Xiangyin Ni , Jianbo Fan , Hang-Wei Hu , Zhongmin Dai , Weidong Chen , Zi-Yang He , Yuheng Cheng , Guiping Ye , Ji-Zheng He","doi":"10.1016/j.csag.2025.100064","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csag.2025.100064","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Manure substitution is increasingly acknowledged as a key practice for enhancing soil health in agricultural systems. However, its effects on soil microbial diversity and functional microorganisms vary across soil conditions. This study examined the effects of partial manure substitution on microbial diversity, community composition, and functional gene abundance in soils subjected to various mineral fertilization treatments using metagenomic sequencing. The results showed that partial manure substitution increased archaeal, bacterial, and fungal richness but did not influence functional gene richness. The microbial community structure was significantly altered by manure substitution, with soil pH and available phosphorus as the key variables. The abundance of Firmicutes was consistently increased, while Chloroflexi decreased due to the manure substitution. The effect of partial manure substitution on the relative abundance of genes involved in organic C degradation and N cycling varied across treatments. Specifically, partial manure substitution increased labile C degradation genes more significantly in the N treatment compared to the NP and NPK treatments. Additionally, it increased the relative abundance of dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) associated genes in the NPK treatment, but not in the N or NP treatments. These findings suggest that manure substitution can enhance soil microbial diversity, but its impact on key functional microorganisms, such as those involved in organic carbon degradation and nitrogen cycling, depends on the mineral fertilization regime. This underscores the importance of accounting for initial soil mineral fertilization when implementing manure substitution as a management practice, particularly in the context of optimizing carbon and nitrogen cycling in agricultural ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100262,"journal":{"name":"Climate Smart Agriculture","volume":"2 3","pages":"Article 100064"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144170071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rhizosphere soil microbes are increasingly recognized for their significant roles in enhancing plant resilience to abiotic stress and stimulating plant growth. Rhizobiome adapted to dry conditions can enhance drought tolerance in crops by cross-inoculation. However, changes in the rhizobiome that help in conferring drought tolerance remain poorly understood. Here, by conducting a drought-manipulating greenhouse experiment, we characterized changes in the rhizobiome of maize (Zea mays) after cross-inoculation of rhizosphere soil collected from drought-adapted Andropogon virginicus (Andropogon rhizobiome). Results showed that maize inoculated with Andropogon rhizobiome reduced oxidative damage of leaves under drought. Drought stress increased the species richness and Shannon diversity of the fungal community. Additionally, the inoculation of Andropogon rhizobiome induced a more significant increase in fungal diversity than the inoculation of organic rhizobiome. The increase of fungal diversity was positively correlated with the increased drought resistance of maize. Bacterial richness and diversity under the inoculation of Andropogon rhizobiome were negatively affected by drought stress. In addition, increased positive links in the fungal network in the Andropogon inoculation under drought conditions as compared with the ambient controls suggests more cooperation between fungal taxa to cope with drought stress. Collectively, our findings indicate that the fungal but not bacterial community diversity and network complexity stimulates drought tolerance in maize by cross-inoculation of the rhizobiome from A. virginicus. This study provides important insights that will enhance theoretical understanding and applications of plant–rhizobiome associations to promote drought resilience in agricultural crops.
{"title":"Cross-inoculation of Andropogon virginicus rhizobiome enhances fungal diversity and network complexity in maize (Zea mays) rhizosphere under drought","authors":"Ziliang Zhang , Bhupinder Singh Jatana , Muhamad Shoib Nawaz , Vidya Suseela , Barbara Campbell , Nishanth Tharayil","doi":"10.1016/j.csag.2025.100056","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csag.2025.100056","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rhizosphere soil microbes are increasingly recognized for their significant roles in enhancing plant resilience to abiotic stress and stimulating plant growth. Rhizobiome adapted to dry conditions can enhance drought tolerance in crops by cross-inoculation. However, changes in the rhizobiome that help in conferring drought tolerance remain poorly understood. Here, by conducting a drought-manipulating greenhouse experiment, we characterized changes in the rhizobiome of maize (<em>Zea mays</em>) after cross-inoculation of rhizosphere soil collected from drought-adapted <em>Andropogon virginicus</em> (Andropogon rhizobiome). Results showed that maize inoculated with Andropogon rhizobiome reduced oxidative damage of leaves under drought. Drought stress increased the species richness and Shannon diversity of the fungal community. Additionally, the inoculation of Andropogon rhizobiome induced a more significant increase in fungal diversity than the inoculation of organic rhizobiome. The increase of fungal diversity was positively correlated with the increased drought resistance of maize. Bacterial richness and diversity under the inoculation of Andropogon rhizobiome were negatively affected by drought stress. In addition, increased positive links in the fungal network in the Andropogon inoculation under drought conditions as compared with the ambient controls suggests more cooperation between fungal taxa to cope with drought stress. Collectively, our findings indicate that the fungal but not bacterial community diversity and network complexity stimulates drought tolerance in maize by cross-inoculation of the rhizobiome from <em>A. virginicus</em>. This study provides important insights that will enhance theoretical understanding and applications of plant–rhizobiome associations to promote drought resilience in agricultural crops.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100262,"journal":{"name":"Climate Smart Agriculture","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100056"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143911664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.csag.2025.100055
Giotto Roberti , Felix Herzog , Mareike Jäger , Sonja Kay
Agroforestry, the integration of woody structures in agricultural land, has high potential for climate protection and resilience, since trees are active carbon sinks. Yet, there is only limited empirical evidence on the actual performance of temperate agroforestry systems in this respect, nor on its acceptance by farmers. We monitored four silvoarable agroforestry systems in Switzerland (apple, sour cherry, poplar, wild cherry) over ten years and measured tree growth and carbon storage performances. We compared the measured data to outcomes of the Yield-SAFE model. We regularly interviewed farmers on their observations of their agroforestry systems. Individual growth of agroforestry trees varied between species and location, with differences between the smallest and largest tree ranging from 44 % to 97 %. Consequently, the carbon sequestration potential varied substantially between 0.4 and 2.5 t CO2eq per year and hectare. The modelling approach showed a good fit for apples and wild cherries and – after (re)calibration with local data – also for poplars and sour cherries. Tree mortality was up to 20 % in the first years but if replaced, this did not influence the overall outcome after ten years. Farmers' evaluations differed, depending on the motivation of individual farmers. They changed only slightly with time, indicating that their expectations had been realistic. The study highlights the usefulness of long-term empirical data for model calibration and of monitoring farmers' satisfaction. Realistic model predictions and management of farmers' expectations will facilitate the implementation of agroforestry.
{"title":"Temperate agroforestry for tree carbon storage in Switzerland: 10 years of biophysical and social monitoring","authors":"Giotto Roberti , Felix Herzog , Mareike Jäger , Sonja Kay","doi":"10.1016/j.csag.2025.100055","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csag.2025.100055","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Agroforestry, the integration of woody structures in agricultural land, has high potential for climate protection and resilience, since trees are active carbon sinks. Yet, there is only limited empirical evidence on the actual performance of temperate agroforestry systems in this respect, nor on its acceptance by farmers. We monitored four silvoarable agroforestry systems in Switzerland (apple, sour cherry, poplar, wild cherry) over ten years and measured tree growth and carbon storage performances. We compared the measured data to outcomes of the Yield-SAFE model. We regularly interviewed farmers on their observations of their agroforestry systems. Individual growth of agroforestry trees varied between species and location, with differences between the smallest and largest tree ranging from 44 % to 97 %. Consequently, the carbon sequestration potential varied substantially between 0.4 and 2.5 t CO<sub>2eq</sub> per year and hectare. The modelling approach showed a good fit for apples and wild cherries and – after (re)calibration with local data – also for poplars and sour cherries. Tree mortality was up to 20 % in the first years but if replaced, this did not influence the overall outcome after ten years. Farmers' evaluations differed, depending on the motivation of individual farmers. They changed only slightly with time, indicating that their expectations had been realistic. The study highlights the usefulness of long-term empirical data for model calibration and of monitoring farmers' satisfaction. Realistic model predictions and management of farmers' expectations will facilitate the implementation of agroforestry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100262,"journal":{"name":"Climate Smart Agriculture","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100055"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143904514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.csag.2025.100054
Saikat Ranjan Das , Dibyendu Chatterjee , Saurav Saha , Dibyendu Sarkar , Rounak Alam , Souvik Dey , Samrat Ghosh , Bitish Kumar Nayak , Pete Smith , Himanshu Pathak
Carbon (C) sequestration in soil has the potential to offset the negative impacts of natural and anthropogenic C emissions at the agroecosystem level, thereby contributing to the mitigation of climate change, while improving inherent soil productivity, quality and achieving environmentally clean production systems. Though rice is one of the most important staple food crops in the world, it is often criticized as the major contributor to methane emissions, thereby exacerbating global climate change. In tropical and sub-tropical regions, rice is mostly grown under submergence, which has implications for the turnover of active and passive C stores in the surface soil. Organic matter decomposition is slower under anaerobic conditions resulting in carbon stocks in anaerobic lowland rice fields that are 12%–58% higher than in upland aerobic rice soils. The aim of this article is to review the C sequestration potential in lowland rice system through modified agricultural management practices like integrated nutrient management, water management, organic farming, varietal selection, conservation agriculture, soil amelioration through biochar, rice intensification and mitigation of accelerated climate change. However, the effectiveness of soil C management strategies depends on crop management practices, climatic conditions, soil microbial diversity and activity, soil mineralogy and soil aggregation. This study highlights the importance of synergistic effects of multiple management practices in lowland rice agroecosystems, compares their efficiency, and examines the challenges involved and recommends various practices for environmentally clean production in lowland rice agroecosystems in the context of climate change.
{"title":"Enhancing carbon sequestration potential of lowland rice agroecosystems for environmentally clean production system: A review","authors":"Saikat Ranjan Das , Dibyendu Chatterjee , Saurav Saha , Dibyendu Sarkar , Rounak Alam , Souvik Dey , Samrat Ghosh , Bitish Kumar Nayak , Pete Smith , Himanshu Pathak","doi":"10.1016/j.csag.2025.100054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csag.2025.100054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon (C) sequestration in soil has the potential to offset the negative impacts of natural and anthropogenic C emissions at the agroecosystem level, thereby contributing to the mitigation of climate change, while improving inherent soil productivity, quality and achieving environmentally clean production systems. Though rice is one of the most important staple food crops in the world, it is often criticized as the major contributor to methane emissions, thereby exacerbating global climate change. In tropical and sub-tropical regions, rice is mostly grown under submergence, which has implications for the turnover of active and passive C stores in the surface soil. Organic matter decomposition is slower under anaerobic conditions resulting in carbon stocks in anaerobic lowland rice fields that are 12%–58% higher than in upland aerobic rice soils. The aim of this article is to review the C sequestration potential in lowland rice system through modified agricultural management practices like integrated nutrient management, water management, organic farming, varietal selection, conservation agriculture, soil amelioration through biochar, rice intensification and mitigation of accelerated climate change. However, the effectiveness of soil C management strategies depends on crop management practices, climatic conditions, soil microbial diversity and activity, soil mineralogy and soil aggregation. This study highlights the importance of synergistic effects of multiple management practices in lowland rice agroecosystems, compares their efficiency, and examines the challenges involved and recommends various practices for environmentally clean production in lowland rice agroecosystems in the context of climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100262,"journal":{"name":"Climate Smart Agriculture","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100054"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143898787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Accurate yield prediction and optimization are critical for sustainable potato production, particularly in resource-limited regions affected by climatic variability. This study evaluates the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values obtained during the peak vegetative stage to optimize tuber yield prediction in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) under subtropical conditions. Field experiments were conducted over two years in Kharagpur, India, using a strip-plot design. Soil management treatments included mulched and non-mulched plots, while water management treatments comprised conventional furrow irrigation (C), drip irrigation at field capacity (D-FC), 90 % field capacity (D-90 %FC), and 80 % field capacity (D-80 %FC). Key parameters, including NDVI, biomass, soil moisture, and tuber yield, were measured and analyzed using correlation, principal component analysis (PCA), and quadratic regression models. NDVI emerged as a critical predictor of tuber yield, showing strong positive correlations with biomass and yield traits. Drip irrigation (D-FC) significantly improved tuber yield compared to conventional furrow irrigation, with the highest yield recorded at 26.22 t ha−1, followed by D-90 %FC at 21.69 t ha−1, while conventional irrigation yielded 22.37 t ha−1. Additionally, mulching (+M) enhanced yields across all drip irrigation treatments. Treatments like D-90 %FC and D-90 %FC-M showed the highest associations with NDVI, biomass, and yield. A quadratic regression model (R2 = 0.95) accurately captured the relationship between NDVI and tuber yield, with model validation (R2 = 0.97) confirming its reliability across seasons. This study highlights the potential of NDVI-based monitoring for real-time yield prediction and precision irrigation in potato production. The findings suggest that integrating NDVI-based monitoring with advanced irrigation practices can enhance resource efficiency and promote sustainable agriculture.
{"title":"NDVI is the best parameter for yield prediction at the peak vegetative stage of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)","authors":"Poonam Biswal , Ahmad Faisal , Dillip Kumar Swain , Gourav Dhar Bhowmick , Geetha Mohan","doi":"10.1016/j.csag.2025.100053","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csag.2025.100053","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate yield prediction and optimization are critical for sustainable potato production, particularly in resource-limited regions affected by climatic variability. This study evaluates the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values obtained during the peak vegetative stage to optimize tuber yield prediction in potato (<em>Solanum tuberosum</em> L.) under subtropical conditions. Field experiments were conducted over two years in Kharagpur, India, using a strip-plot design. Soil management treatments included mulched and non-mulched plots, while water management treatments comprised conventional furrow irrigation (C), drip irrigation at field capacity (D-FC), 90 % field capacity (D-90 %FC), and 80 % field capacity (D-80 %FC). Key parameters, including NDVI, biomass, soil moisture, and tuber yield, were measured and analyzed using correlation, principal component analysis (PCA), and quadratic regression models. NDVI emerged as a critical predictor of tuber yield, showing strong positive correlations with biomass and yield traits. Drip irrigation (D-FC) significantly improved tuber yield compared to conventional furrow irrigation, with the highest yield recorded at 26.22 t ha<sup>−1</sup>, followed by D-90 %FC at 21.69 t ha<sup>−1</sup>, while conventional irrigation yielded 22.37 t ha<sup>−1</sup>. Additionally, mulching (+M) enhanced yields across all drip irrigation treatments. Treatments like D-90 %FC and D-90 %FC-M showed the highest associations with NDVI, biomass, and yield. A quadratic regression model (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.95) accurately captured the relationship between NDVI and tuber yield, with model validation (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.97) confirming its reliability across seasons. This study highlights the potential of NDVI-based monitoring for real-time yield prediction and precision irrigation in potato production. The findings suggest that integrating NDVI-based monitoring with advanced irrigation practices can enhance resource efficiency and promote sustainable agriculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100262,"journal":{"name":"Climate Smart Agriculture","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100053"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143851994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salvia miltiorrhiza, a medicinal plant of significant economic and therapeutic importance, particularly in China, is increasingly threatened by environmental stressors and habitat depletion. Heat shock transcription factors (HSFs), which play a crucial role in plant adaptation to environmental stresses, including heat, remain insufficiently studied in this species. In this study, we conducted a genome-wide analysis of HSF genes in S. miltiorrhiza using the recently reannotated high-quality reference genome. Our analysis identified 34 HSF genes unevenly distributed across eight chromosomes. Notably, 20 of these genes exhibited segmental duplication, highlighting its key role in the expansion of the HSF gene family. Phylogenetic classification categorized these genes into 15 distinct groups, all of which shared conserved sequence characteristics. Evidence of purifying selection was observed in duplicated HSF genes, suggesting functional constraints that maintain their roles in stress adaptation. Furthermore, most HSF genes exhibited distinct expression patterns under drought stress and salicylic acid treatment, indicating their active involvement in stress response mechanisms. This study significantly enhances our understanding of the HSF gene family in S. miltiorrhiza and provides a foundation for future functional studies aimed at improving the plant's stress tolerance.
{"title":"Genetic identification and evolutionary features research: Genome-wide analysis of heat shock transcription factors in Salvia miltiorrhiza","authors":"Caixia Tong , Xiang Yan , Xianwen Meng , Feihong Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.csag.2025.100052","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csag.2025.100052","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Salvia miltiorrhiza</em>, a medicinal plant of significant economic and therapeutic importance, particularly in China, is increasingly threatened by environmental stressors and habitat depletion. Heat shock transcription factors (HSFs), which play a crucial role in plant adaptation to environmental stresses, including heat, remain insufficiently studied in this species. In this study, we conducted a genome-wide analysis of HSF genes in <em>S. miltiorrhiza</em> using the recently reannotated high-quality reference genome. Our analysis identified 34 HSF genes unevenly distributed across eight chromosomes. Notably, 20 of these genes exhibited segmental duplication, highlighting its key role in the expansion of the HSF gene family. Phylogenetic classification categorized these genes into 15 distinct groups, all of which shared conserved sequence characteristics. Evidence of purifying selection was observed in duplicated HSF genes, suggesting functional constraints that maintain their roles in stress adaptation. Furthermore, most HSF genes exhibited distinct expression patterns under drought stress and salicylic acid treatment, indicating their active involvement in stress response mechanisms. This study significantly enhances our understanding of the HSF gene family in <em>S. miltiorrhiza</em> and provides a foundation for future functional studies aimed at improving the plant's stress tolerance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100262,"journal":{"name":"Climate Smart Agriculture","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100052"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143792462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-14DOI: 10.1016/j.csag.2025.100051
Meng Yuan , Dongbao Sun , Daozhi Gong , Enke Liu , Qingsuo Wang
Groundwater exploitation has facilitated the strengthening of world food security as populations have rapidly grown, but preventing overexploitation is a major challenge. North China has one of the world's largest groundwater depression cones due to its average annual groundwater overdraft of nearly 9.0 km3. To achieve a balance between extraction and recharge of aquifers, groundwater use by agriculture must be reduced by 4.746 km3 annually, alongside water diversion. In order to explore the sustainability of agricultural development in the context of reduced groundwater extraction in North China, which does not jeopardize Chinese food security, is economically feasible, and socially recognized, we selected 10 water-saving planting schemes and 2 scenarios (whether or not to replace surface irrigation with drip irrigation for vegetables and fruit trees) based on multi-source data including the area where water-saving alternatives can be implemented, big data from crop water-saving field trials such as the irrigation quotas, water consumption, and yield, water-saving subsidies from the government, and local costs and prices of crop production from an actual survey, and expected to obtain the optimization schemes of sustainable water-adaptive cropping systems matching with water availability. We obtained the feasible water-adaptive cropping solutions to address the groundwater overexploitation in North China, i.e. the annual winter wheat–summer maize double cropping system should be maintained rather than the annual single cropping system or afforestation; drip irrigation (a water-saving irrigation method) should be applied to all fields of vegetables and fruit trees; limited irrigation (a water-saving irrigation regime) of winter wheat in well-irrigation regions should be implemented (for example, one irrigation event across 50 % of the area or two events over 100 % rather than three irrigation events); and cotton planting (a water-saving cropping system) should be appropriately increased by replacing winter wheat. These adaptations will keep the increase in net income of farmers without decreasing and the total water-saving subsidies payable by the Chinese government to below 10 × 109 Chinese Yuan while resulting in an annual loss of the national wheat and/or maize production of less than 5 %.
{"title":"Establishing water-adaptive cropping systems to combat aquifer depletion in North China","authors":"Meng Yuan , Dongbao Sun , Daozhi Gong , Enke Liu , Qingsuo Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.csag.2025.100051","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csag.2025.100051","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Groundwater exploitation has facilitated the strengthening of world food security as populations have rapidly grown, but preventing overexploitation is a major challenge. North China has one of the world's largest groundwater depression cones due to its average annual groundwater overdraft of nearly 9.0 km<sup>3</sup>. To achieve a balance between extraction and recharge of aquifers, groundwater use by agriculture must be reduced by 4.746 km<sup>3</sup> annually, alongside water diversion. In order to explore the sustainability of agricultural development in the context of reduced groundwater extraction in North China, which does not jeopardize Chinese food security, is economically feasible, and socially recognized, we selected 10 water-saving planting schemes and 2 scenarios (whether or not to replace surface irrigation with drip irrigation for vegetables and fruit trees) based on multi-source data including the area where water-saving alternatives can be implemented, big data from crop water-saving field trials such as the irrigation quotas, water consumption, and yield, water-saving subsidies from the government, and local costs and prices of crop production from an actual survey, and expected to obtain the optimization schemes of sustainable water-adaptive cropping systems matching with water availability. We obtained the feasible water-adaptive cropping solutions to address the groundwater overexploitation in North China, i.e. the annual winter wheat–summer maize double cropping system should be maintained rather than the annual single cropping system or afforestation; drip irrigation (a water-saving irrigation method) should be applied to all fields of vegetables and fruit trees; limited irrigation (a water-saving irrigation regime) of winter wheat in well-irrigation regions should be implemented (for example, one irrigation event across 50 % of the area or two events over 100 % rather than three irrigation events); and cotton planting (a water-saving cropping system) should be appropriately increased by replacing winter wheat. These adaptations will keep the increase in net income of farmers without decreasing and the total water-saving subsidies payable by the Chinese government to below 10 × 10<sup>9</sup> Chinese Yuan while resulting in an annual loss of the national wheat and/or maize production of less than 5 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100262,"journal":{"name":"Climate Smart Agriculture","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100051"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143682376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Farms in Ghana’s Guinea Savannah are highly vulnerable to climate shocks, threatening food security and agricultural development. While climate-smart solutions exist, they often overlook the specific needs of farmers, including their social dynamics, resource endowments, and priorities. This study applies a farm typology approach to identify and characterize farm types and develop a tailored climate-smart agricultural (CSA) intervention strategy suited to the Guinea Savannah agro-ecological zone, covering four regions: Bono East, Northern, Upper West, and Upper East. Factor Analysis for Mixed Data was used to analyze farm typology, integrating principal component analysis and multiple correspondence analysis. This revealed four distinct farm types: Low, medium, medium-to-high, and high resource-endowed farms. Medium-to-high resource-endowed farms (43 %) predominated, followed by medium resource-endowed farms (28 %). Distribution of farm types varied across regions of the study zone: Low and medium-to-high resource-endowed farms were dominant in the Northern and Bono East regions, respectively, while medium and high resource-endowed farms were most common in the Upper West and Upper East regions, respectively. Climate risks faced by each farm type were identified. Drought was the primary risk to all farm types but its impact was most severe on low and high resource-endowed farms. A multi-step approach was then applied to develop CSA strategies tailored to each farm type, with context-specific CSA practices recommended to enhance farm resilience and agricultural development.
{"title":"Farm typology-based strategy for targeted climate-smart agriculture interventions: A case study in the Guinea Savannah agro-ecological zone of Ghana","authors":"Meron Awoke Eshetae , Yodit Balcha , Stephen Yeboah , Zenebe Adimassu , Wuletawu Abera","doi":"10.1016/j.csag.2025.100050","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csag.2025.100050","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Farms in Ghana’s Guinea Savannah are highly vulnerable to climate shocks, threatening food security and agricultural development. While climate-smart solutions exist, they often overlook the specific needs of farmers, including their social dynamics, resource endowments, and priorities. This study applies a farm typology approach to identify and characterize farm types and develop a tailored climate-smart agricultural (CSA) intervention strategy suited to the Guinea Savannah agro-ecological zone, covering four regions: Bono East, Northern, Upper West, and Upper East. Factor Analysis for Mixed Data was used to analyze farm typology, integrating principal component analysis and multiple correspondence analysis. This revealed four distinct farm types: Low, medium, medium-to-high, and high resource-endowed farms. Medium-to-high resource-endowed farms (43 %) predominated, followed by medium resource-endowed farms (28 %). Distribution of farm types varied across regions of the study zone: Low and medium-to-high resource-endowed farms were dominant in the Northern and Bono East regions, respectively, while medium and high resource-endowed farms were most common in the Upper West and Upper East regions, respectively. Climate risks faced by each farm type were identified. Drought was the primary risk to all farm types but its impact was most severe on low and high resource-endowed farms. A multi-step approach was then applied to develop CSA strategies tailored to each farm type, with context-specific CSA practices recommended to enhance farm resilience and agricultural development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100262,"journal":{"name":"Climate Smart Agriculture","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100050"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143551003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-24DOI: 10.1016/j.csag.2025.100049
Yao Yu , Xianwen Long , Yaping Lin , Tibor Magura , Siqi Wang , Xionghui Liao , Jiangnan Li , Jie Zhao
Soil organisms are essential drivers of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, with bacterivorous nematodes playing a crucial role in regulating soil carbon and nitrogen cycling processes. These nematodes influence microbial communities and nutrient dynamics, which in turn affect GHG fluxes. However, their species-specific contributions to GHG dynamics remain poorly understood. This study investigated the effects of two bacterivorous nematode species, Protorhabditis spp. and Caenorhabditis elegans on soil GHG emissions using a 20-day microcosm experiment. Seven treatments were established: a control (without nematodes) and inoculations of Protorhabditis spp. or C. elegans at densities of 1, 2, and 3 individuals per gram of dry soil. The results showed that C. elegans significantly increased the cumulative emissions of CO2 and N2O compared to the control. Random forest analysis identified C. elegans abundance was the most critical factor influencing cumulative GHG production. However, Protorhabditis spp. did not significantly affect CO2 emissions compared to the control, despite its faster population growth rate and higher abundance over the experimental period. The contrasting effects of the two bacterivorous nematodes on GHG emissions highlight the distinct ecological roles of nematode species in regulating soil processes. These findings suggest that nematode species-specific traits exert a greater influence on soil GHG emissions than nematode abundance alone. In addition, the density-dependent effects observed for C. elegans demonstrate that abundance can also be an important determinant of GHG fluxes. This study provides novel insights into the differential roles of bacterivorous nematodes in soil biogeochemical processes and underscores the importance of species composition in regulating soil GHG emissions.
{"title":"Impacts of bacterivorous nematode identity and abundances on soil greenhouse gas emissions","authors":"Yao Yu , Xianwen Long , Yaping Lin , Tibor Magura , Siqi Wang , Xionghui Liao , Jiangnan Li , Jie Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.csag.2025.100049","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.csag.2025.100049","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil organisms are essential drivers of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, with bacterivorous nematodes playing a crucial role in regulating soil carbon and nitrogen cycling processes. These nematodes influence microbial communities and nutrient dynamics, which in turn affect GHG fluxes. However, their species-specific contributions to GHG dynamics remain poorly understood. This study investigated the effects of two bacterivorous nematode species, <em>Protorhabditis</em> spp. and <em>Caenorhabditis elegans</em> on soil GHG emissions using a 20-day microcosm experiment. Seven treatments were established: a control (without nematodes) and inoculations of <em>Protorhabditis</em> spp. or <em>C. elegans</em> at densities of 1, 2, and 3 individuals per gram of dry soil. The results showed that <em>C. elegans</em> significantly increased the cumulative emissions of CO<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O compared to the control. Random forest analysis identified <em>C. elegans</em> abundance was the most critical factor influencing cumulative GHG production. However, <em>Protorhabditis</em> spp. did not significantly affect CO<sub>2</sub> emissions compared to the control, despite its faster population growth rate and higher abundance over the experimental period. The contrasting effects of the two bacterivorous nematodes on GHG emissions highlight the distinct ecological roles of nematode species in regulating soil processes. These findings suggest that nematode species-specific traits exert a greater influence on soil GHG emissions than nematode abundance alone. In addition, the density-dependent effects observed for <em>C. elegans</em> demonstrate that abundance can also be an important determinant of GHG fluxes. This study provides novel insights into the differential roles of bacterivorous nematodes in soil biogeochemical processes and underscores the importance of species composition in regulating soil GHG emissions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100262,"journal":{"name":"Climate Smart Agriculture","volume":"2 2","pages":"Article 100049"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143535202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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