Climate Smart Agriculture最新文献_第2页

Evaluating adaptive planting dates and elevated CO2 impacts on soybean yields under future climate scenarios 评估未来气候情景下适应性种植日期和CO2升高对大豆产量的影响

Climate Smart Agriculture

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.csag.2025.100083

Manavjot Singh , Xiaomao Lin , Vaishali Sharda

Crop simulation models depend on field-level management data such as planting dates, plant population, and selection of cultivar to capture yield responses under changing climate conditions. While many parameters exhibit relatively low variability from year to year, planting dates vary substantially due to weather conditions and individual management decisions. In the present study, the DSSAT CROPGRO-Soybean model was applied on a gridded scale to evaluate how a spring freeze probability-based early planting date strategy and elevated atmospheric CO₂ levels could mitigate the impacts of projected climate change on soybeans. The simulations incorporated projected climate data from six General Circulation Models (GCMs) under two shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs), SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5. Spring freeze probabilities were studied to derive location- and year-specific “adaptive planting dates”. Results indicated that elevated CO₂ significantly improved yield over the simulation period (2026–2100). However, the effectiveness of planting dates in mitigating the impact of climate change was statistically significant only under higher warming. When combined, the adaptive planting strategy and CO₂ fertilization improved yield by as much as 79 % relative to a fixed-planting, fixed-CO₂ scenario, although it remained below baseline yield levels. Further, the adaptive planting dates help increase the shortened days-to-anthesis period, with a more pronounced effect under SSP5-8.5. These findings highlight the potential of adjusting planting schedules and leveraging CO₂ fertilization to help offset climate-induced yield losses. Nevertheless, these strategies alone cannot entirely negate the climate change-driven yield declines; additional measures such as using longer-maturity group cultivars or breeding thermally resilient varieties may be necessary to sustain rainfed soybean production in the face of climate change.

作物模拟模型依赖于田间管理数据，如种植日期、植物种群和品种选择，以捕捉气候条件变化下的产量响应。虽然许多参数的年变异性相对较低，但由于天气条件和个人管理决策，种植日期变化很大。在本研究中，应用DSSAT CROPGRO-Soybean模型在网格尺度上评估了基于春季冻结概率的提前播种日期策略和大气CO2水平升高如何缓解预测的气候变化对大豆的影响。模拟采用了六个大气环流模式（GCMs）在两个共享社会经济路径（SSP2-4.5和SSP5-8.5）下的预估气候数据。研究了春季冻结的可能性，得出了特定地点和年份的“适应性种植日期”。结果表明，在模拟期间（2026-2100年），二氧化碳浓度升高显著提高了产量。然而，只有在气候变暖程度较高的情况下，种植日期在缓解气候变化影响方面的有效性才具有统计学意义。与固定种植、固定二氧化碳情景相比，适应性种植策略和二氧化碳施肥相结合可使产量提高79%，但仍低于基线产量水平。此外，适应种植日期对缩短的开花天数也有促进作用，且在SSP5-8.5条件下效果更为显著。这些发现强调了调整种植计划和利用二氧化碳施肥来帮助抵消气候导致的产量损失的潜力。然而，这些策略本身并不能完全抵消气候变化导致的产量下降；在气候变化的情况下，为了维持旱作大豆的生产，可能需要采取其他措施，如使用更成熟的群体品种或培育耐热品种。

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引用次数: 0

Toxic or synergistic relationship: The interdependence and determinants of dairy climate smart agriculture practices in the North Rift and western parts of Kenya 有毒或协同关系：肯尼亚北部裂谷和西部地区乳制品气候智能型农业实践的相互依存和决定因素

Climate Smart Agriculture

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.csag.2025.100084

Francis Onyango Oduor , Mark Ollunga Odhiambo , Philip Mulama Nyangweso

Dairy farming underpins rural livelihoods in Kenya but is increasingly vulnerable to climate variability while contributing to greenhouse gas emissions. Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) practices offer pathways for resilience and mitigation, yet most previous studies assess single practices in isolation, overlooking complementarities, trade-offs, and regional differences. This study examines the joint adoption of five CSA practices—feed management, improved breeding, manure management, animal health, and milk value addition—using survey data from 447 dairy farmers in Kisii and Uasin Gishu counties, complemented with high-resolution rainfall and temperature records. A Multivariate Probit (MVP) model revealed high adoption of breeding (87 %), animal health (85 %), and feed management (81 %), while manure management (39 %) and milk value addition (22 %) lagged. Regional contrasts were evident: Kisii farmers favored manure management (44 %), while Uasin Gishu led in feed management (89 %) and value addition (39 %). Strong complementarities emerged between feed management and breeding, animal health and feed management, and manure management and value addition, with no evidence of substitutability. Adoption was shaped by climate factors (rainfall, temperature), socio-economic characteristics (gender, age, household and herd size, farm size), and institutional access (cooperatives, credit, extension, early warning systems). Findings underscore that bundled CSA strategies are more effective than isolated interventions, providing comparative, policy-relevant insights for promoting climate-resilient dairy farming in Kenya and similar smallholder systems.

乳业是肯尼亚农村生计的基础，但它越来越容易受到气候变化的影响，同时也造成温室气体排放。气候智慧型农业（CSA）实践为恢复力和缓解提供了途径，但以往的大多数研究都是孤立地评估单一实践，忽视了互补性、权衡和区域差异。本研究利用对基希县和瓦新吉舒县447名奶农的调查数据，并辅以高分辨率降雨和温度记录，考察了五种CSA做法（饲料管理、改良育种、粪便管理、动物健康和牛奶增值）的联合采用情况。多元概率（MVP）模型显示，育种（87%）、动物健康（85%）和饲料管理（81%）的采用率较高，而粪肥管理（39%）和牛奶增值（22%）的采用率较低。区域差异明显：Kisii农民喜欢粪便管理（44%），而wasin Gishu农民喜欢饲料管理（89%）和增值（39%）。饲料管理与育种、动物健康与饲料管理、粪便管理与增值之间存在很强的互补性，没有可替代性的证据。收养受气候因素（降雨、温度）、社会经济特征（性别、年龄、家庭和畜群规模、农场规模）和机构获取（合作社、信贷、推广、预警系统）的影响。研究结果强调，捆绑的CSA战略比孤立的干预措施更有效，为促进肯尼亚和类似小农体系的气候适应型奶牛养殖提供了可比性的、与政策相关的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of future climate warming on soil organic carbon in China based on process-based models 基于过程模型的未来气候变暖对中国土壤有机碳的影响

Climate Smart Agriculture

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.csag.2025.100086

Zhiran Zhou , Zipeng Zhang , Mengyi Wang , Keqiang Wang , Junchen Ai , Ammara Gill , Kamshat Temirbayeva , Chuanmei Zhu

Soil organic carbon (SOC) is an important component of the carbon pool in terrestrial ecosystems and plays a key role in climate feedbacks under global warming. To quantitatively assess the impact of climate warming on SOC in China, this study constructed six warming scenarios (0–3 °C, 0.5 °C step), and simulated the spatial and temporal distributions of SOC and changes in reserves by combining the RothC model and the Random Forest (RF) model. The results show that the model has high prediction accuracy in the mild warming scenario (scenarios with temperature increase of 0.5 °C, 1 °C, and 1.5 °C), R² = 0.46–0.60, but the uncertainty increases in the high temperature scenario (scenarios with temperature increase of 2 °C, 2.5 °C, and 3 °C), RMSE rises to 25.2 g C m⁻². With increasing temperature (the range of increase is 0–3 °C), SOC in China showed significant spatial variability of “north increasing and south decreasing”, and the overall reserves decreased by about 99.6 Tg on average (to be achieved roughly from the mid-to-late 21st century), showing a non-linear fluctuating downward trend. Dominant factors affecting SOC dynamics, with the vegetation factor having the highest explanatory power. The study reveals the mechanism by which climate factors and vegetation synergistically regulate SOC, which provides a quantitative basis for improving SOC modelling and understanding the process of the terrestrial carbon cycle under climate warming.

土壤有机碳（SOC）是陆地生态系统碳库的重要组成部分，在全球变暖背景下的气候反馈中起着关键作用。为了定量评估气候变暖对中国土壤有机碳的影响，本研究构建了6个变暖情景（0-3°C、0.5°C步长），并结合RothC模型和随机森林（Random Forest， RF）模型模拟了中国土壤有机碳的时空分布和储量变化。结果表明，该模式在温和增温情景（升温0.5℃、1℃和1.5℃）下具有较高的预测精度，R2 = 0.46 ~ 0.60，但在高温情景（升温2℃、2.5℃和3℃）下，不确定性增大，RMSE达到25.2 g C m−2。随着气温的升高（升高范围为0 ~ 3℃），中国碳储量呈现出显著的“北增南减”的空间变异性，总体储量平均减少约99.6 Tg（21世纪中后期大致可实现），呈非线性波动下降趋势。影响土壤有机碳动态的主导因子，其中植被因子解释力最强。研究揭示了气候因子和植被协同调节土壤有机碳的机制，为完善土壤有机碳模型和理解气候变暖下陆地碳循环过程提供了定量依据。

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引用次数: 0

The utility of submersible solar irrigation pumps in accessing deeper groundwater for sustaining dry season rice cultivation in off-grid Bangladeshi haor areas 在离网的孟加拉国haor地区，利用潜式太阳能灌溉泵获取深层地下水以维持旱季水稻种植

Climate Smart Agriculture

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.csag.2025.100081

Mohammed M. Rahman , Shafee Hasan , S.M. Abid Hassan , Azam Uddin , A.K.M. Adham

In many countries, Solar (powered) Irrigation Pumps (SIP) are becoming a promising means to replace Diesel Irrigation Pumps (DIP) and facilitate irrigation in off-grid areas. In Bangladeshi off-grid haor areas, dry season Boro rice cultivation (January–April) faces immense challenges as traditional DIP-driven Shallow Tube Wells (STW) often run dry due to falling of groundwater level (GWL) below the practical suction limit (5–7 m). This study experimentally investigates the technical suitability of a submersible SIP (3.80 kW), designed and installed at a northeast rice-cultivated haor of Bangladesh. A questionnaire baseline survey of 115 farmers in the study area was conducted to get information about existing irrigation conditions. Real-time solar irradiance, GWL and hourly pump discharge were measured with a pyranometer, level logger and volumetric approach, respectively. Measured irradiance was very low (100–450 W m⁻²) in the early phase of growing season (January–mid February) due to foggy weather, then it increased with the highest values during noon–3:00 p.m. (700–900 W m⁻²) when the pump could yield its rated discharge (0.014 m³ s⁻¹). Measured drawdown was remarkably high (4.6–7.0 m) due to moderate geologic formation of the aquifer (medium sand). The SIP could potentially irrigate 3.45 ha of rice field without any risk of dry running throughout the growing season, a great implication for replacing DIPs having lower command area (≤ 2.5 ha). It has been demonstrated that SIP is more attractive compared to DIP technically, economically, and environmentally when its annual usage extends beyond a single crop season.

在许多国家，太阳能（动力）灌溉泵（SIP）正在成为替代柴油灌溉泵（DIP）和促进离网地区灌溉的一种有前途的手段。在孟加拉国离网haor地区，旱季水稻种植（1 - 4月）面临巨大挑战，因为传统的dip驱动浅管井（STW）经常因地下水位（GWL）低于实际吸力极限（5-7米）而干涸。本研究通过实验研究了设计并安装在孟加拉国东北部水稻种植haor的潜水式SIP （3.80 kW）的技术适用性。对研究区115名农民进行问卷基线调查，了解现有灌溉条件。实时太阳辐照度、GWL和每小时泵流量分别用辐射计、液位记录仪和容积法测量。在生长期前期（1 - 2月中旬），由于多雾天气，实测辐照度很低（100-450 W m−2），随后辐照度逐渐增加，中午至下午3时达到最高值。（700-900 W m−2）时，泵可以产生其额定流量（0.014 m3 s−1）。由于含水层的中等地质构造（中等砂），测量的落差非常高（4.6-7.0 m）。SIP可以潜在地灌溉3.45公顷的稻田，而在整个生长季节没有任何干旱的风险，这对于取代指挥面积较小（≤2.5公顷）的dip具有重要意义。已经证明，当SIP的年使用量超过单一作物季节时，与DIP相比，SIP在技术上、经济上和环境上都更具吸引力。

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引用次数: 0

The responses and adaptations of rice (Oryza sativa L.) to drought stress: A review 水稻对干旱胁迫的响应与适应研究进展

Climate Smart Agriculture

Pub Date : 2025-08-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.csag.2025.100080

Justice Adzigbe , Felix Frimpong , Agyemang Danquah , Eric Yirenkyi Danquah , Isaac Kojo Asante , Samuel Oppong Abebrese , Richard Dormatey , Charles Afriyie-Debrah , Priscilla Francisco Ribeiro , Eric Owusu Danquah , Kennedy Agyeman , Ralph Kwame Bam , Maxwell Darko Asante

The rise in global temperature due to human activities poses a threat to the survival and productivity of plants. As sessile organisms, plants are frequently exposed to abiotic stressors, among which drought is the most critical factor limiting rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield worldwide. Understanding the mechanisms underlying drought adaptation in rice is essential for breeding drought-resilient genotypes. Advancements in molecular biology, genomics, and high-throughput phenotyping have uncovered complex networks of genetic, biochemical, and physiological responses that enable rice to withstand drought stress. This study examines the adverse effects of drought on rice and the mechanisms employed by rice to adapt to drought, utilizing an integrated molecular, biochemical, and physiological approach. It highlights the multifaceted nature of drought tolerance and its implications for developing resilient cultivars. Key mechanisms identified include osmotic adjustment, morphological changes, the expression of drought-responsive genes, the secretion of stress-related phytohormones, and the activation of antioxidant enzymes, all of which contribute to maintaining cellular homeostasis. Transcriptome and proteome analyses have expanded the catalogue of stress-responsive genes and proteins, particularly those involved in abscisic acid signalling, aquaporins, and late embryogenesis abundant proteins. The regulatory roles of transcription factors such as DREB, NAC, and MYB in modulating these stress-response pathways are emphasized. Furthermore, genome-wide association studies and quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping have identified genomic regions associated with drought tolerance, providing valuable targets for marker-assisted selection in breeding programs. The integration of these findings offers a roadmap for improving rice varieties with enhanced drought tolerance. Future research should focus on validating candidate genes, proteins, and QTLs across diverse genetic backgrounds to ensure stable productivity under water-limited conditions.

人类活动导致的全球气温上升对植物的生存和生产力构成了威胁。植物作为一种无根生物，经常受到非生物胁迫，其中干旱是世界范围内限制水稻产量的最关键因素。了解水稻干旱适应机制对于培育抗旱基因型至关重要。分子生物学、基因组学和高通量表型学的进步揭示了水稻抵御干旱胁迫的遗传、生化和生理反应的复杂网络。本研究利用分子、生化和生理的综合方法，探讨了干旱对水稻的不利影响以及水稻适应干旱的机制。它突出了抗旱性的多面性及其对开发抗旱品种的影响。主要机制包括渗透调节、形态变化、干旱响应基因的表达、胁迫相关植物激素的分泌和抗氧化酶的激活，这些都有助于维持细胞内稳态。转录组和蛋白质组分析已经扩展了应激反应基因和蛋白质的目录，特别是那些涉及脱落酸信号，水通道蛋白和胚胎发生晚期丰富的蛋白质。强调了DREB、NAC和MYB等转录因子在调节这些应激反应途径中的调节作用。此外，全基因组关联研究和数量性状位点（QTL）定位已经确定了与耐旱性相关的基因组区域，为育种计划中的标记辅助选择提供了有价值的目标。这些发现的整合为提高水稻品种的耐旱性提供了路线图。未来的研究应侧重于验证不同遗传背景下的候选基因、蛋白质和qtl，以确保在水分限制条件下稳定的生产力。

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引用次数: 0

Enhanced rock weathering aids to promote carbon sequestration and yield in China's agricultural fields 增强岩石风化有助于促进中国农田的碳固存和产量

Climate Smart Agriculture

Pub Date : 2025-08-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.csag.2025.100072

Tianran Sun , Ke-Qing Xiao , Liangshan Feng

引用次数: 0

Impacts of climate change and water–fertilizer management on water balance dynamics in transplanting and direct–seeded paddy fields 气候变化和水肥管理对定植和直播稻田水分平衡动态的影响

Climate Smart Agriculture

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.csag.2025.100070

Tangzhe Nie , Peng Zhang , Peng Chen , Haijun Liu , Lili Jiang , Zhongyi Sun , Shuai Yin , Tianyi Wang , Tiecheng Li , Zhongxue Zhang

Climate change and alterations in water and fertilizer management exert profound impact on water balance of paddy fields, posing uncertainty regarding the sustainability of rice production. This study investigates the interplay between climate change and water and fertilizer management on the water balance of paddy fields, aiming to ensure sustainable water use and agricultural production security. Utilizing a 24-year experimental dataset (1978–2001), the study examines the effects of climate variability and management strategies on water balance parameters. The independent variables included in this study were water surface evaporation, effective rainfall, wind speed, sunlight duration, relative humidity, average temperature, maximum daily temperature, minimum daily temperature, minimum relative humidity, average water vapour pressure, accumulated temperature, water depth, and nitrogen application. Advanced statistical techniques, including grey relational analysis, path analysis, and principal component analysis, were employed to assess the impacts of independent variables on water consumption, evapotranspiration, percolation, transpiration, and evaporation. This research focuses on two cropping modes: water direct–seeded mode (WDM) and transplanting mode (PM). The grey relational analysis demonstrated that climate change, and water–fertilizer management, had differing effects on various water balance parameters. Path analysis revealed that temperature and humidity had the greatest direct and indirect effects. Principal component analysis grouped the variables and found that the significant factors under WDM influencing PC1 included maximum daily temperature, minimum daily temperature, nitrogen application, average temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity, which collectively accounted for 39.6 %. The significant factors affecting PC1 under PM included relative humidity, minimum relative humidity, effective rainfall, sunlight duration, and average water vapour pressure, which together accounted for 30.1 % of the total variation. The findings of this study indicated that water surface evaporation, accumulated temperature, and water depth played a relatively minor role in influencing the water balance of paddy fields across both cropping modes. This research contributes to the advancement of climate–smart agriculture, emphasizing the conservation of water resources while striving for optimal yields.

气候变化和水肥管理方式的改变对水田水分平衡产生深远影响，给水稻生产的可持续性带来不确定性。本研究旨在探讨气候变化与水肥管理对水田水分平衡的相互作用，以确保水资源的可持续利用和农业生产安全。利用一个24年的实验数据集（1978-2001），研究了气候变率和管理策略对水平衡参数的影响。自变量包括水面蒸发量、有效降雨量、风速、日照时数、相对湿度、平均温度、最高日温度、最低日温度、最低相对湿度、平均水蒸气压、积温、水深、施氮量。采用灰色关联分析、通径分析和主成分分析等先进的统计技术，评估了自变量对耗水量、蒸散发、渗滤、蒸腾和蒸发的影响。本研究重点研究了两种种植模式：水直播模式（WDM）和移栽模式（PM）。灰色关联分析表明，气候变化和水肥管理对各水分平衡参数有不同的影响。通径分析表明，温度和湿度的直接和间接影响最大。主成分分析对各变量进行分组，发现WDM下影响PC1的显著因子为最高日气温、最低日气温、施氮量、平均气温、风速和相对湿度，合计占39.6%。PM下影响PC1的显著因子包括相对湿度、最小相对湿度、有效降雨量、日照时数和平均水汽压，共占总变化量的30.1%。研究结果表明，两种种植模式下，水面蒸发量、积温和水深对水田水分平衡的影响相对较小。这项研究有助于推进气候智能型农业，强调在争取最佳产量的同时保护水资源。

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引用次数: 0

Greenhouse gas mitigation in pasture-based dairy production systems in New Zealand: A review of mitigation options and their interactions 新西兰牧场乳制品生产系统中的温室气体减排：减排方案及其相互作用的审查

Climate Smart Agriculture

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.csag.2025.100071

Erandi Kalehe Kankanamge , Thiagarajah Ramilan , Peter R. Tozer , Cecile de Klein , Alvaro Romera , Simone Pieralli

Reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from dairy farming is crucial for mitigating climate change and enhancing the environmental credentials of New Zealand's dairy exports. This paper aims to explore potential GHG mitigation measures and their interactive effects when combined within New Zealand context, emphasising the practicality of these combinations, particularly focusing on recent studies of pasture-based dairy systems. The review assesses various mitigation options across animal, manure management, feed-based, soil-related, and system-related interventions and identifies immediately applicable mitigation options based on specific criteria. It also discusses the implementation costs, implications on emissions, and the combined effects of these options when applied as bundles in pasture-based systems using a combination matrix. It is indicated that mitigation options on New Zealand's dairy farms can yield diverse outcomes and costs based on farming characteristics. By analysing different combinations of short-listed, it was found that although most mitigation options are compatible, some may have a lower overall reduction potential because of interaction effects. Integrating lower N fertiliser use, low-emission feed, and reduced stocking rates with high-performing animals provides a practical approach for GHG reductions and potential cost savings. However, implementing compatible mitigation bundles requires better quantification of their interactions, economic viability, and compatibility with existing farming systems which need further research.

减少奶牛场的温室气体（GHG）排放对于缓解气候变化和提高新西兰乳制品出口的环境信誉至关重要。本文旨在探讨潜在的温室气体缓解措施及其在新西兰背景下的相互作用，强调这些组合的实用性，特别关注最近对牧场乳制品系统的研究。该评估评估了动物、粪便管理、饲料、土壤相关和系统相关干预措施的各种缓解方案，并根据具体标准确定了立即适用的缓解方案。它还讨论了实施成本、对排放的影响，以及使用组合矩阵将这些选项捆绑应用于基于牧场的系统时的综合影响。报告指出，新西兰奶牛场的缓解方案可根据养殖特点产生不同的结果和成本。通过分析入围方案的不同组合，发现虽然大多数缓解备选方案是兼容的，但由于相互作用的影响，有些备选方案的总体减排潜力可能较低。将低氮肥用量、低排放饲料和降低放养率与高性能动物相结合，为减少温室气体排放和节省潜在成本提供了切实可行的方法。然而，要实施兼容的一揽子缓解措施，需要更好地量化它们的相互作用、经济可行性以及与现有耕作系统的兼容性，这需要进一步研究。

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引用次数: 0

Soil pH decline promotes soil organic carbon accumulation by regulating the microbial carbon sequestration pathway 土壤pH值下降通过调节微生物固碳途径促进土壤有机碳积累

Climate Smart Agriculture

Pub Date : 2025-07-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.csag.2025.100068

Jiaxin Liu , Xuehao Zheng , Qing Luo , Qiang Xiao , Shoujiang Liu , Belay Tafa Oba

Microbial fixation of carbon dioxide (CO₂) is an important source of soil organic carbon (SOC). However, the factors and mechanisms influencing CO₂ sequestration driven by soil microorganisms remain poorly understood. In this study, farmland soil samples from 15 sites were collected in a typical watershed in Southwest China, and soil and microbial characteristics were comprehensively analyzed to uncover the key factors influencing microbial CO₂ sequestration. The results suggested that changes in soil pH were the main driving factor of SOC storage. Decreasing soil pH significantly increased the abundance of cbbL, pycA, and acsB, which led to CO₂ sequestration. Concurrently, the abundance of other functional genes involved in the Calvin cycle, the Reductive citrate cycle, and the Reductive acetyl–Coenzyme A (CoA) pathway, which was also differentially upregulated. Hyphomicrobiales, Pseudonocardiales, and Corynebacteriales were the core species carrying CO₂ sequestration genes, whose abundance at the order level further supported the hypothesis that changes in pH achieve SOC accumulation by affecting the function of the microbial community. This study uniquely highlights soil pH as a fundamental indicator that may have an important effect on microbial CO₂ sequestration and SOC accumulation through mesoscale sampling and genomic evidence, providing practical insight into the influences on microbial-mediated CO₂ sequestration.

微生物固定二氧化碳（CO2）是土壤有机碳（SOC）的重要来源。然而，影响土壤微生物驱动的CO2固存的因素和机制仍然知之甚少。本研究以西南典型流域15个样地的农田土壤为研究对象，对土壤和微生物特征进行综合分析，揭示影响微生物CO2固存的关键因素。结果表明，土壤pH的变化是土壤有机碳储量的主要驱动因素。土壤pH的降低显著增加了cbbL、pycA和acsB的丰度，导致CO2的固存。同时，参与卡尔文循环、还原性柠檬酸循环和还原性乙酰辅酶A （CoA）途径的其他功能基因的丰度也有差异上调。菌丝菌、伪心菌和杆状菌是携带CO2固存基因的核心物种，其在目水平上的丰度进一步支持了pH变化通过影响微生物群落功能实现SOC积累的假设。本研究通过中尺度采样和基因组证据独特地强调了土壤pH值作为一个可能对微生物CO2封存和有机碳积累产生重要影响的基本指标，为微生物介导的CO2封存的影响提供了实用的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Divergent carbon sequestration pathways in saline-alkali soils: Dual mechanisms of macroaggregate protection and chemoautotrophic compensation mediated by composted fermented straw amendments 盐碱地不同的碳固存途径：堆肥发酵秸秆改良剂介导的大团聚体保护和化学自养补偿双重机制

Climate Smart Agriculture

Pub Date : 2025-07-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.csag.2025.100067

Tingliang Pan, Wenli Hao, Yunting Wang, Zhaoqi Qu, Yanhong Lou, Haojie Feng, Hui Wang, Quangang Yang, Yajie Sun, Zhongchen Yang, Hongjie Di, Hong Pan, Yuping Zhuge

Soil carbon sequestration mechanisms in saline-alkali ecosystems remain poorly understood, limiting precision management of organic amendments. We investigated composted fermented straw return (CFSR) versus conventional straw incorporation across salinity gradients (1.76 ‰ vs. 4.06 ‰) via controlled pot experiments. In lightly saline-alkali soils, CFSR elevated carbon accrual by 0.311 t ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ (p < 0.05) via macroaggregate formation (+4.19 % mass proportion) and Acidobacteriota enrichment. Conversely, heavily saline-alkali soils exhibited CFSR-induced microaggregate stabilization (+29.32 % stability index) coupled with chemoautotrophic carbon fixation, supported by 48.38 % higher cbbL gene abundance. Microbial network analysis revealed salinity-dependent adaptations that lightly saline soils under CFSR developed Acidobacteriota-dominated networks with elevated connectivity (graph density: 0.269 vs. 0.202 control), while extreme salinity fostered resilient Actinobacteriota-centric consortia (622 edges vs. 562 control) through modular simplification. Structural equation modeling delineated dual pathways that dissolved organic carbon-mediated macroaggregate stabilization dominated in light salinity (λ = 1.902, p < 0.05), whereas chemoautotrophic carbon pump-driven microaggregate protection prevailed under high salinity (λ = 1.856, p < 0.05). These findings established a hierarchical framework linking aggregate architecture to microbial functional guilds, proposing a dual-mode carbon stabilization paradigm — physical protection in light salinity versus microbial-mineral interactions under heavy salinity. This mechanistic insight advanced salinity-adaptive organic amendment strategies to optimize carbon storage in global salt-affected croplands.

盐碱生态系统中的土壤固碳机制仍然知之甚少，限制了有机修正的精确管理。通过对照盆栽试验，研究了不同盐度梯度下（1.76‰vs. 4.06‰）堆肥发酵秸秆还还率与常规秸秆还还率的差异。在轻度盐碱土壤中，CFSR使碳累积增加0.311 t / h - 1 yr - 1 (p <；0.05)，通过形成大团聚体（+ 4.19%质量比例）和酸杆菌群富集。相反，重度盐碱土壤表现出cfsr诱导的微团聚体稳定（稳定性指数+ 29.32%）和化学自养碳固定，cbbL基因丰度高出48.38%。微生物网络分析显示，盐度依赖性适应表明，在CFSR下，轻度盐化土壤形成了以酸杆菌为主的网络，连性提高（图密度：0.269对0.202对照），而极端盐度通过模块化简化培养了具有弹性的以放线菌为中心的联合体（622条边对562条边对照）。结构方程模型描述了溶解有机碳介导的宏观团聚体稳定在轻盐度下占主导地位的双重途径(λ = 1.902, p <；0.05)，而高盐度条件下，化学自养碳泵驱动的微团聚体保护占优势(λ = 1.856, p <；0.05)。这些发现建立了一个层次框架，将聚集体结构与微生物功能协会联系起来，提出了一种双模式碳稳定范例-轻盐度下的物理保护与重盐度下微生物-矿物相互作用。这一机制的洞察力推进了盐度适应性有机修正策略，以优化全球受盐影响的农田的碳储量。

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