Pub Date : 2025-07-01Epub Date: 2025-06-19DOI: 10.1016/j.artere.2025.500818
Jose Luis Díaz-Díaz
Icosapent ethyl, a highly purified ester of eicosapentoic acid, is the only omega-3 fatty acid authorized by the European Medicines Agency to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in people at risk, treated with statins and with triglyceridemia ≥150 mg/dL. This authorization comes as a consequence of the clinical benefit observed in the "Reduction of Cardiovascular Events with Icosapent Ethyl Intervention Trial", in which icosapent ethyl demonstrated - compared to placebo - a 25% reduction in the relative risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, a result consistent and independent of other variables in prespecified analyses and hypothesis generating in post-hoc analyses of several patient profiles. Although the mechanism of action for such benefit is not definitively established, it is known that it acts at different levels in the continuum of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (lipid-lowering, vascular endothelium and membrane protection, anti-inflammatory, atherosclerotic plaque stabilizing and antithrombotic effects) and that final anti-atherosclerotic action in the coronary territory has been demonstrated in the study “Effect of Vascepa on Improving Coronary Atherosclerosis in People With High Triglycerides Taking Statin Therapy”.
{"title":"Evidence on cardiovascular prevention with icosapent ethyl","authors":"Jose Luis Díaz-Díaz","doi":"10.1016/j.artere.2025.500818","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.artere.2025.500818","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Icosapent ethyl, a highly purified ester of eicosapentoic acid, is the only omega-3 fatty acid authorized by the European Medicines Agency to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in people at risk, treated with statins and with triglyceridemia ≥150 mg/dL. This authorization comes as a consequence of the clinical benefit observed in the \"Reduction of Cardiovascular Events with Icosapent Ethyl Intervention Trial\", in which icosapent ethyl demonstrated - compared to placebo - a 25% reduction in the relative risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, a result consistent and independent of other variables in prespecified analyses and hypothesis generating in post-hoc analyses of several patient profiles. Although the mechanism of action for such benefit is not definitively established, it is known that it acts at different levels in the continuum of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (lipid-lowering, vascular endothelium and membrane protection, anti-inflammatory, atherosclerotic plaque stabilizing and antithrombotic effects) and that final anti-atherosclerotic action in the coronary territory has been demonstrated in the study “Effect of Vascepa on Improving Coronary Atherosclerosis in People With High Triglycerides Taking Statin Therapy”.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100263,"journal":{"name":"Clínica e Investigación en Arteriosclerosis (English Edition)","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 500818"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144556993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-01Epub Date: 2025-06-19DOI: 10.1016/j.artere.2025.500819
Ovidio Muñiz-Grijalvo
Although hypertriglyceridemia (>150 mg/dL) has been considered a risk factor for the development of atherosclerotic vascular disease, this relationship is not as linear or robust as that for LDL cholesterol, and the reduction of plasma triglyceride levels has not been consistently related to the reduction of this complication. Thus, in general terms and in the absence of a conclusive clinical benefit, current evidence does not support treatment with fibrates, niacin or omega-3 fatty acids routinely to reduce cardiovascular risk. The recommendation, especially the former, is limited to some subjects already treated with statins and with optimal LDL cholesterol levels in whom elevated triglyceride levels persist. As an exception, only purified icosapent ethyl at a high dose (4 g daily) has demonstrated a reduction in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and has been authorized for this indication, following the results of the REDUCE-IT trial.
虽然高甘油三酯血症（>150 mg/dL）被认为是动脉粥样硬化性血管疾病发生的一个危险因素，但这种关系并不像低密度脂蛋白胆固醇那样线性或牢固，血浆甘油三酯水平的降低并不总是与这种并发症的减少相关。因此，总的来说，在缺乏结论性临床益处的情况下，目前的证据不支持常规使用贝特酸、烟酸或omega-3脂肪酸来降低心血管风险。该建议，尤其是前者，仅限于一些已经接受他汀类药物治疗且低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平最佳且甘油三酯水平持续升高的受试者。作为一个例外，只有纯化的二十碳己基乙基在高剂量（4 g /天）下显示出心血管发病率和死亡率的降低，并在REDUCE-IT试验结果之后被批准用于这一适应症。
{"title":"Cardiovascular prevention studies in a population with hypertriglyceridemia","authors":"Ovidio Muñiz-Grijalvo","doi":"10.1016/j.artere.2025.500819","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.artere.2025.500819","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although hypertriglyceridemia (>150 mg/dL) has been considered a risk factor for the development of atherosclerotic vascular disease, this relationship is not as linear or robust as that for LDL cholesterol, and the reduction of plasma triglyceride levels has not been consistently related to the reduction of this complication. Thus, in general terms and in the absence of a conclusive clinical benefit, current evidence does not support treatment with fibrates, niacin or omega-3 fatty acids routinely to reduce cardiovascular risk. The recommendation, especially the former, is limited to some subjects already treated with statins and with optimal LDL cholesterol levels in whom elevated triglyceride levels persist. As an exception, only purified icosapent ethyl at a high dose (4 g daily) has demonstrated a reduction in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and has been authorized for this indication, following the results of the REDUCE-IT trial.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100263,"journal":{"name":"Clínica e Investigación en Arteriosclerosis (English Edition)","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 500819"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144556992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-01Epub Date: 2025-07-12DOI: 10.1016/j.artere.2025.100737
Hai Phuong Nguyen Tran , Tai Nhat Nguyen , Kha Minh Nguyen , Sang Quang Ly , Sy Van Hoang
Introduction
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been frequently observed in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, there is limited research assessing the impact of metabolic syndrome on coronary artery severity in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
Methods
We analyzed 199 patients with AMI who underwent invasive coronary angiography. This study aimed to determine the impact of MetS, MetS score and its components on coronary artery severity.
Results
The study comprised 199 eligible patients, with an average age of 64.5 ± 11.3 years. Among the entire cohort, 136 patients (68.3%) were diagnosed with MetS. The MetS 3 subgroup with three components exhibited the highest percentage at 29.2%. The proportion of one-vessel, two-vessel, three-vessel, multi-vessel disease, or left main disease did not differ between the MetS and non-MetS groups (p > 0.05). Our study revealed that the MetS group had a higher median Gensini score compared to the non-MetS group (p = 0.002). Furthermore, the Gensini score was significantly correlated with the MetS score (Spearman correlation 0.2, p < 0.05). Among metabolic syndrome components, elevated waist circumference and elevated blood glucose were associated with the Gensini score.
Conclusions
Our study revealed that MetS, MetS score and two components of MetS, elevated waist circumference and elevated blood glucose, were associated with the severity of angiographic coronary artery in patients with AMI.
{"title":"The impact of metabolic syndrome on coronary artery severity in patients with acute myocardial infarction: A perspective from a developing country","authors":"Hai Phuong Nguyen Tran , Tai Nhat Nguyen , Kha Minh Nguyen , Sang Quang Ly , Sy Van Hoang","doi":"10.1016/j.artere.2025.100737","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.artere.2025.100737","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been frequently observed in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, there is limited research assessing the impact of metabolic syndrome on coronary artery severity in patients with acute myocardial infarction.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed 199 patients with AMI who underwent invasive coronary angiography. This study aimed to determine the impact of MetS, MetS score and its components on coronary artery severity.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study comprised 199 eligible patients, with an average age of 64.5<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->11.3 years. Among the entire cohort, 136 patients (68.3%) were diagnosed with MetS. The MetS 3 subgroup with three components exhibited the highest percentage at 29.2%. The proportion of one-vessel, two-vessel, three-vessel, multi-vessel disease, or left main disease did not differ between the MetS and non-MetS groups (<em>p</em> <!-->><!--> <!-->0.05). Our study revealed that the MetS group had a higher median Gensini score compared to the non-MetS group (<em>p</em> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.002). Furthermore, the Gensini score was significantly correlated with the MetS score (Spearman correlation 0.2, <em>p</em> <!--><<!--> <!-->0.05). Among metabolic syndrome components, elevated waist circumference and elevated blood glucose were associated with the Gensini score.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our study revealed that MetS, MetS score and two components of MetS, elevated waist circumference and elevated blood glucose, were associated with the severity of angiographic coronary artery in patients with AMI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100263,"journal":{"name":"Clínica e Investigación en Arteriosclerosis (English Edition)","volume":"37 4","pages":"Article 100737"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144604721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-01Epub Date: 2025-07-12DOI: 10.1016/j.artere.2025.100750
Sara Jiménez-González , Beatriz Delgado-Valero , Ana Romero-Miranda , Fabian Islas , María Luaces , Bunty Ramchandani , María Cuesta-Corral , Alejandro Montoro-Garrido , María Luisa Nieto , Ernesto Martínez-Martínez , Victoria Cachofeiro
Background
Modified citrus pectin (MCP) is used as a nutritional supplement that inhibits galectin-3 activity, a central player in the cardiac damage associated with different pathological situations. In fact, we have previously observed that MCP improved cardiac function in obese infarcted rats that was associated with a reduction in cardiac fibrosis. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to further explore whether this effect could involve the modulation of gene expression of ECM components and their mediators as well as whether it could affect another two mechanisms involved in cardiac damage: mitochondrial dynamics and autophagic flux.
Methods
Male Wistar rats were fed an atherogenic diet with a high content of saturated fat (35%). MI was induced by the ligation of left anterior descendant (LAD) coronary artery 6 weeks after and MCP (100 mg/kg/day) or vehicle were administered for 4 weeks more. A group of rats fed a standard diet (5.3% fat) and subjected to a sham operation was used as controls.
Results
Obese infarcted animals presented an increase in cross-linked collagen that was not affected by the administration of galectin-3 inhibitor. However, MCP reduced the increase in gene expression observed in obese infarcted rats of ECM components and mediators (collagen I, fibronectin, transforming growth factor-β and connective tissue growth factor), of components of endoplasmic reticulum stress (binding immunoglobulin protein, CCAAT-enhancer-binding homologous protein and activating transcription factor 4), of oxidative stress mediator (NADPH oxidase-4) and normalized those of the interleukin 33/ST2 system. MCP is also able to increase the levels of the mitochondrial protein Dynamin-1-like and those of both proteins involved in autophagic flux (p62 and LC3) that were reduced by the myocardial ischemia in the context of obesity.
Conclusions
The data show that the beneficial effect of the nutritional supplement MCP on the cardiac consequences associated with myocardial ischemia in the context of obesity could rely on its capacity to inhibit galectin-3 and to consequently modulate different downstream mechanisms, including inflammation, ER stress, oxidative stress, autophagy and mitochondrial function, which can facilitate fibrosis and cardiac remodeling in this pathological context.
{"title":"The mechanisms underlying the cardiac effects of modified citrus pectin in obese rats with myocardial ischemia: Role of galectin-3","authors":"Sara Jiménez-González , Beatriz Delgado-Valero , Ana Romero-Miranda , Fabian Islas , María Luaces , Bunty Ramchandani , María Cuesta-Corral , Alejandro Montoro-Garrido , María Luisa Nieto , Ernesto Martínez-Martínez , Victoria Cachofeiro","doi":"10.1016/j.artere.2025.100750","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.artere.2025.100750","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Modified citrus pectin (MCP) is used as a nutritional supplement that inhibits galectin-3 activity, a central player in the cardiac damage associated with different pathological situations. In fact, we have previously observed that MCP improved cardiac function in obese infarcted rats that was associated with a reduction in cardiac fibrosis. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to further explore whether this effect could involve the modulation of gene expression of ECM components and their mediators as well as whether it could affect another two mechanisms involved in cardiac damage: mitochondrial dynamics and autophagic flux.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Male Wistar rats were fed an atherogenic diet with a high content of saturated fat (35%). MI was induced by the ligation of left anterior descendant (LAD) coronary artery 6 weeks after and MCP (100<!--> <!-->mg/kg/day) or vehicle were administered for 4 weeks more. A group of rats fed a standard diet (5.3% fat) and subjected to a sham operation was used as controls.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Obese infarcted animals presented an increase in cross-linked collagen that was not affected by the administration of galectin-3 inhibitor. However, MCP reduced the increase in gene expression observed in obese infarcted rats of ECM components and mediators (collagen I, fibronectin, transforming growth factor-β and connective tissue growth factor), of components of endoplasmic reticulum stress (binding immunoglobulin protein, CCAAT-enhancer-binding homologous protein and activating transcription factor 4), of oxidative stress mediator (NADPH oxidase-4) and normalized those of the interleukin 33/ST2 system. MCP is also able to increase the levels of the mitochondrial protein Dynamin-1-like and those of both proteins involved in autophagic flux (p62 and LC3) that were reduced by the myocardial ischemia in the context of obesity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The data show that the beneficial effect of the nutritional supplement MCP on the cardiac consequences associated with myocardial ischemia in the context of obesity could rely on its capacity to inhibit galectin-3 and to consequently modulate different downstream mechanisms, including inflammation, ER stress, oxidative stress, autophagy and mitochondrial function, which can facilitate fibrosis and cardiac remodeling in this pathological context.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100263,"journal":{"name":"Clínica e Investigación en Arteriosclerosis (English Edition)","volume":"37 4","pages":"Article 100750"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144604713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-01Epub Date: 2025-06-19DOI: 10.1016/j.artere.2025.500816
Carlos Guijarro Harráiz
{"title":"Treatment of hypertriglyceridemia to reduce cardiovascular risk","authors":"Carlos Guijarro Harráiz","doi":"10.1016/j.artere.2025.500816","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.artere.2025.500816","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100263,"journal":{"name":"Clínica e Investigación en Arteriosclerosis (English Edition)","volume":"37 ","pages":"Article 500816"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144556991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-01Epub Date: 2025-05-08DOI: 10.1016/j.artere.2025.500753
Carlos Guijarro , Angel Diaz , Eva Moreno , Paula Gamonal , Maria Soler , Neus Vidal-Vilar , Maria Rosa Fernandez
Objective
To estimate the clinical and economic benefits derived from increasing the use of fixed-dose combinations of high-intensity statins and ezetimibe in patients at high/very high cardiovascular risk, from the perspective of the Spanish National Health System (SNS).
Methods
A baseline scenario (current market shares) was compared with scenarios that increased the use of fixed-dose combinations (alternative: 30% increase; optimized: 69% increase). The potential annual increase in the number of controlled patients, cardiovascular events avoided and the associated savings in direct medical costs were estimated, including the cost of pharmacological treatment, follow-up, and managing cardiovascular events over a three-year time horizon.
Results
Over the three years of the study, the baseline scenario estimated a total of 1,552,686 controlled patients and 39,449 cardiovascular events, with a total cost to the NHS of €1,841,057,122. In the alternative scenario, controlled patients would increase by 36.1%, and 139 cardiovascular events would be avoided, resulting in savings for the NHS of 36,116,631 €. In the optimized scenario, there would be a 64% increase in controlled patients and 250 CV events would be avoided, leading to savings of 56,415,300 € for the NHS.
Conclusion
Increased use of high-intensity statin and ezetimibe fixed-dose combinations in patients with high/very high CV risk may increase the number of controlled patients, reduce CV events and produce economic savings from an NHS perspective.
{"title":"Efficiency of fixed-dose combinations of statin and ezetimibe in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia","authors":"Carlos Guijarro , Angel Diaz , Eva Moreno , Paula Gamonal , Maria Soler , Neus Vidal-Vilar , Maria Rosa Fernandez","doi":"10.1016/j.artere.2025.500753","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.artere.2025.500753","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To estimate the clinical and economic benefits derived from increasing the use of fixed-dose combinations of high-intensity statins and ezetimibe in patients at high/very high cardiovascular risk, from the perspective of the Spanish National Health System (SNS).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A baseline scenario (current market shares) was compared with scenarios that increased the use of fixed-dose combinations (alternative: 30% increase; optimized: 69% increase). The potential annual increase in the number of controlled patients, cardiovascular events avoided and the associated savings in direct medical costs were estimated, including the cost of pharmacological treatment, follow-up, and managing cardiovascular events over a three-year time horizon.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Over the three years of the study, the baseline scenario estimated a total of 1,552,686 controlled patients and 39,449 cardiovascular events, with a total cost to the NHS of €1,841,057,122. In the alternative scenario, controlled patients would increase by 36.1%, and 139 cardiovascular events would be avoided, resulting in savings for the NHS of 36,116,631 €. In the optimized scenario, there would be a 64% increase in controlled patients and 250 CV events would be avoided, leading to savings of 56,415,300 € for the NHS.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Increased use of high-intensity statin and ezetimibe fixed-dose combinations in patients with high/very high CV risk may increase the number of controlled patients, reduce CV events and produce economic savings from an NHS perspective.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100263,"journal":{"name":"Clínica e Investigación en Arteriosclerosis (English Edition)","volume":"37 3","pages":"Article 500753"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144204460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-01Epub Date: 2025-05-08DOI: 10.1016/j.artere.2025.500754
Ángel Arturo López-González , Emilio Martínez-Almoyna Rifá , Hernán Paublini Oliveira , Cristina Martorell Sánchez , Pedro Juan Tárraga López , José Ignacio Ramírez-Manent
Introduction
Diabesity is a pathological condition that combines obesity and type 2 diabetes in the same individual. Due to the current rise in both conditions, the prevalence of diabesity is increasing worldwide. Its etiology is known to be multifactorial; therefore, the aim of this study is to understand how diabesity is associated with various sociodemographic variables, healthy habits, and stress.
Materials and methods
A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on 24,224 Spanish workers to evaluate the association between diabesity and various factors such as age, gender, socioeconomic status, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and stress. The criteria used to define diabesity included body mass index (BMI), body fat (BF), and visceral fat (VF).
Results
All the aforementioned variables were found to be associated with diabesity. The highest odds ratios (OR) were observed for age, with values ranging from 5.57 (95% CI: 4.48–6.67) when BF was used as the diabesity criterion to 6.89 (95% CI: 5.60–8.19) when VF was the criterion. Similarly, elevated ORs were observed for male gender, with ORs of 6.77 (95% CI: 5.31–8.24) for VF and 3.34 (95% CI: 2.77–3.94) for BF.
Conclusions
In our study, the profile of a person at highest risk of diabesity is a man over 50 years old from a lower socioeconomic status, who is a smoker, regular alcohol consumer, sedentary, with low adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and experiencing high stress levels.
{"title":"Association between sociodemographic variables, healthy habits and stress with diabesity","authors":"Ángel Arturo López-González , Emilio Martínez-Almoyna Rifá , Hernán Paublini Oliveira , Cristina Martorell Sánchez , Pedro Juan Tárraga López , José Ignacio Ramírez-Manent","doi":"10.1016/j.artere.2025.500754","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.artere.2025.500754","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Diabesity is a pathological condition that combines obesity and type 2 diabetes in the same individual. Due to the current rise in both conditions, the prevalence of diabesity is increasing worldwide. Its etiology is known to be multifactorial; therefore, the aim of this study is to understand how diabesity is associated with various sociodemographic variables, healthy habits, and stress.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on 24,224 Spanish workers to evaluate the association between diabesity and various factors such as age, gender, socioeconomic status, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and stress. The criteria used to define diabesity included body mass index (BMI), body fat (BF), and visceral fat (VF).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>All the aforementioned variables were found to be associated with diabesity. The highest odds ratios (OR) were observed for age, with values ranging from 5.57 (95% CI: 4.48–6.67) when BF was used as the diabesity criterion to 6.89 (95% CI: 5.60–8.19) when VF was the criterion. Similarly, elevated ORs were observed for male gender, with ORs of 6.77 (95% CI: 5.31–8.24) for VF and 3.34 (95% CI: 2.77–3.94) for BF.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In our study, the profile of a person at highest risk of diabesity is a man over 50 years old from a lower socioeconomic status, who is a smoker, regular alcohol consumer, sedentary, with low adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and experiencing high stress levels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100263,"journal":{"name":"Clínica e Investigación en Arteriosclerosis (English Edition)","volume":"37 3","pages":"Article 500754"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144204392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.artere.2025.500752
Antón González-Guerrero , Elisenda Climent , David Benaiges , Juan Pedro Botet
Given the apparent inconsistency of having potent lipid-lowering drugs and the unacceptable rate of achievement of therapeutic goals in LDL cholesterol, it is imperative to define new strategies. In this regard, it is appropriate to detail the key points in planning to start lipid-lowering therapy, emphasizing relevant clinical aspects such as the considerable individual variability in the response to statin therapy, positioning in relation to high-potency statins versus statin + ezetimibe combination therapy, and the order of choice of lipid-lowering drugs in the therapeutic strategy. An algorithm is then proposed that ensures a personalized approach to lipid-lowering drug treatment in patients with cardiovascular disease and/or familial hypercholesterolemia with the aim of achieving the therapeutic goal in the shortest possible time, taking into account the patient's previous treatment, the funding criteria for new drugs, and the individualized goal of LDL cholesterol reduction.
{"title":"How to achieve LDL cholesterol goals with the funding criteria for new lipid-lowering drugs?","authors":"Antón González-Guerrero , Elisenda Climent , David Benaiges , Juan Pedro Botet","doi":"10.1016/j.artere.2025.500752","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.artere.2025.500752","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Given the apparent inconsistency of having potent lipid-lowering drugs and the unacceptable rate of achievement of therapeutic goals in LDL cholesterol, it is imperative to define new strategies. In this regard, it is appropriate to detail the key points in planning to start lipid-lowering therapy, emphasizing relevant clinical aspects such as the considerable individual variability in the response to statin therapy, positioning in relation to high-potency statins versus statin + ezetimibe combination therapy, and the order of choice of lipid-lowering drugs in the therapeutic strategy. An algorithm is then proposed that ensures a personalized approach to lipid-lowering drug treatment in patients with cardiovascular disease and/or familial hypercholesterolemia with the aim of achieving the therapeutic goal in the shortest possible time, taking into account the patient's previous treatment, the funding criteria for new drugs, and the individualized goal of LDL cholesterol reduction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100263,"journal":{"name":"Clínica e Investigación en Arteriosclerosis (English Edition)","volume":"37 3","pages":"Article 500752"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144204387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-01Epub Date: 2025-06-04DOI: 10.1016/j.artere.2025.500825
Oriol Alberto Rangel-Zúñiga
{"title":"Lipid particle-associated microRNAs with potential to prevent or reduce the development of atherosclerosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis","authors":"Oriol Alberto Rangel-Zúñiga","doi":"10.1016/j.artere.2025.500825","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.artere.2025.500825","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100263,"journal":{"name":"Clínica e Investigación en Arteriosclerosis (English Edition)","volume":"37 3","pages":"Article 500825"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144204386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune and inflammatory disorder that leads to cartilage and bone deterioration. This inflammatory activity causes extra-articular manifestations, including the acceleration of the atherosclerotic process. However, the exact causes of this accelerated process are under investigation. In this study, we compared the advanced lipid profile between patients with RA, patients with metabolic disorders, and controls. We also explored how microRNAs previously associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in RA are linked to these lipid subfractions in RA.
Methods
The study included 219 patients with RA, 82 with metabolic disorders and 64 controls. Clinical evaluations were performed, and blood samples were collected. Quantification of microRNAs (Let7a, 24, 96, 103, 125a, 125b, 132, 146, 191, 223, 425, 451) and measurement of the advanced lipid profile using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were carried out. Kruskal–Wallis tests and multivariate linear models were applied.
Results
Patients with RA exhibited elevated total, large, medium, and small VLDL particles compared to controls. Their LDL subfractions were decreased compared to patients with metabolic disorders, with differences with controls. Patients with RA had fewer and smaller HDL particles than both groups. MicroRNA-125a was associated with VLDL subfractions and small LDL particles. Other microRNAs (96, 132, 191, 451) showed associations with certain LDL subfractions.
Conclusions
In patients with RA, elevated levels of VLDL particles have been observed, while LDL levels remain similar to controls. The notable association of microRNA-125a with the metabolism of both VLDL and LDL in RA patients suggests its involvement in lipid regulation. This could point to microRNA-125a as a promising therapeutic target to address the increased cardiovascular risks of RA.
{"title":"Plasma expression of a microRNA panel is differentially associated with 1H-NMR lipoprotein profile in rheumatoid arthritis patients","authors":"Dídac Llop , Silvia Paredes , Roser Rosales , Josep Ribalta , Joan-Carles Vallvé","doi":"10.1016/j.artere.2025.500759","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.artere.2025.500759","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune and inflammatory disorder that leads to cartilage and bone deterioration. This inflammatory activity causes extra-articular manifestations, including the acceleration of the atherosclerotic process. However, the exact causes of this accelerated process are under investigation. In this study, we compared the advanced lipid profile between patients with RA, patients with metabolic disorders, and controls. We also explored how microRNAs previously associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in RA are linked to these lipid subfractions in RA.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study included 219 patients with RA, 82 with metabolic disorders and 64 controls. Clinical evaluations were performed, and blood samples were collected. Quantification of microRNAs (Let7a, 24, 96, 103, 125a, 125b, 132, 146, 191, 223, 425, 451) and measurement of the advanced lipid profile using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were carried out. Kruskal–Wallis tests and multivariate linear models were applied.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Patients with RA exhibited elevated total, large, medium, and small VLDL particles compared to controls. Their LDL subfractions were decreased compared to patients with metabolic disorders, with differences with controls. Patients with RA had fewer and smaller HDL particles than both groups. MicroRNA-125a was associated with VLDL subfractions and small LDL particles. Other microRNAs (96, 132, 191, 451) showed associations with certain LDL subfractions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In patients with RA, elevated levels of VLDL particles have been observed, while LDL levels remain similar to controls. The notable association of microRNA-125a with the metabolism of both VLDL and LDL in RA patients suggests its involvement in lipid regulation. This could point to microRNA-125a as a promising therapeutic target to address the increased cardiovascular risks of RA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100263,"journal":{"name":"Clínica e Investigación en Arteriosclerosis (English Edition)","volume":"37 3","pages":"Article 500759"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144204385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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