Cochrane Evidence Synthesis and Methods最新文献

This tutorial focuses on trials that assess time-to-event outcomes. We explain what hazard ratios are, how to interpret them and demonstrate how to include time-to-event data in a meta-analysis. Examples are presented to help with understanding. Accompanying the tutorial is a micro learning module, where we demonstrate a few approaches and give you the chance to practice calculating the hazard ratio. Time-to-event micro learning module https://links.cochrane.org/cesm/tutorials/time-to-event-data.

Open access scholarly resources have potential to simplify the literature search process, support more equitable access to research knowledge, and reduce biases from lack of access to relevant literature. OpenAlex is the world's largest open access database of academic research. However, it is not known whether OpenAlex is suitable for comprehensively identifying research for systematic reviews. We present an approach to measure the utility of OpenAlex as part of undertaking a systematic review, and present findings in the context of undertaking a systematic map on the implementation of diabetic eye screening. Procedures were developed to investigate OpenAlex's content coverage and capture, focusing on: (1) availability of relevant research records; (2) retrieval of relevant records from a Boolean search of OpenAlex (3) retrieval of relevant records from combining a PubMed Boolean search with a citations and related-items search of OpenAlex, and (4) efficient estimation of relevant records not identified elsewhere. The searches were conducted in July 2024 and repeated in March 2025 following removal of certain closed access abstracts from the OpenAlex data set. The original systematic review searches yielded 131 relevant records and 128 (98%) of these are present in OpenAlex. OpenAlex Boolean searches retrieved 126 (96%) of the 131 records, and partial screening yielded two relevant records not previously known to the review team. Retrieval was reduced to 123 (94%) when the searches were repeated in March 2025. However, the volume of records from the OpenAlex Boolean search was considerably greater than assessed for the original systematic map. Combining a Boolean search from PubMed and OpenAlex network graph searches yielded 93% recall. It is feasible and useful to investigate the use of OpenAlex as a key information resource for health topics. This approach can be modified to investigate OpenAlex for other systematic reviews. However, the volume of records obtained from searches is larger than that obtained from conventional sources, something that could be reduced using machine learning. Further investigations are needed, and our approach replicated in other reviews.

Systematic review findings are typically disseminated via static outputs, such as scientific manuscripts, which can limit the accessibility and usability for diverse audiences. Interactive data dashboards transform systematic review data into dynamic, user-friendly visualizations, allowing deeper engagement with evidence synthesis findings. We propose a workflow for creating interactive dashboards to display evidence synthesis results, including three key phases: planning, development, and deployment. Planning involves defining the dashboard objectives and key audiences, selecting the appropriate software (e.g., Tableau or R Shiny) and preparing the data. Development includes designing a user-friendly interface and specifying interactive elements. Lastly, deployment focuses on making it available to users and utilizing user-testing. Throughout all phases, we emphasize seeking and incorporating interest-holder input and aligning dashboards with the intended audience's needs. To demonstrate this workflow, we provide two examples from previous systematic reviews. The first dashboard, created in Tableau, presents findings from a meta-analysis to support a U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation on lipid disorder screening in children, while the second utilizes R Shiny to display data from a scoping review on the 4-day school week among K-12 students in the U.S. Both dashboards incorporate interactive elements to present complex evidence tailored to different interest-holders, including non-research audiences. Interactive dashboards can enhance the utility of evidence syntheses by providing a user-friendly tool for interest-holders to explore data relevant to their specific needs. This workflow can be adapted to create interactive dashboards in flexible formats to increase the use and accessibility of systematic review findings.