The aim of the research was to evaluate the effect of three different methods of soil cultivation for the forecrop on the yield and protein content in winter triticale grain depending on the amount of mineral nitrogen used. The yield of winter triticale grain depended the most on the distribution and sum of rainfall and on the doses of mineral N. A significant impact of the increasing total amount of rain and the distribution of precipitation in the years and months of the research on most of the studied features of triticale was found. The average triticale grain yield and protein content were significantly higher when soybean forecrop was grown using the reduced and strip-till method than after traditional plow cultivation. N doses from 60 to 180 kg ha–1 had the highest, but, on average, insignificantly differentiated impact on the yielding of triticale in the years of the study. N fertilization did not differentiate the number of spike-bearing stalks or the weight of 1000 grains. The triticale yield and protein content increased significantly up to the dose of 120 kg N ha–1.
本研究旨在评价3种不同的前茬土壤耕作方式对冬季小黑麦籽粒产量和蛋白质含量的影响。冬季小黑麦籽粒产量最大程度地依赖于降雨的分布、总量和矿质氮的用量，研究的年月量和降水量的增加对小黑麦的大部分特征有显著的影响。大豆减量带耕栽培的平均小黑麦籽粒产量和蛋白质含量显著高于传统犁耕栽培。在研究年份中，60 ~ 180 kg hm - 1施氮量对小黑麦产量的影响最大，但平均而言差异不大。施氮对穗柄数和千粒重无显著影响。施用120 kg N ha-1后，小黑麦产量和蛋白质含量显著提高。
{"title":"The effect of the soil tillage methods for forecrop and N-mineral fertilization on the yield of winter triticale (× Triticosecale sp. Wittmack ex A. Camus 1927)","authors":"J. Prusinski, M. Borowska, E. Majcherczak","doi":"10.24326/as.2022.3.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/as.2022.3.4","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the research was to evaluate the effect of three different methods of soil cultivation for the forecrop on the yield and protein content in winter triticale grain depending on the amount of mineral nitrogen used. The yield of winter triticale grain depended the most on the distribution and sum of rainfall and on the doses of mineral N. A significant impact of the increasing total amount of rain and the distribution of precipitation in the years and months of the research on most of the studied features of triticale was found. The average triticale grain yield and protein content were significantly higher when soybean forecrop was grown using the reduced and strip-till method than after traditional plow cultivation. N doses from 60 to 180 kg ha–1 had the highest, but, on average, insignificantly differentiated impact on the yielding of triticale in the years of the study. N fertilization did not differentiate the number of spike-bearing stalks or the weight of 1000 grains. The triticale yield and protein content increased significantly up to the dose of 120 kg N ha–1.","PeriodicalId":100343,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science, Soil Science, Agronomy News","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75172549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fosfor jest niezbędnym, ale i ograniczonym w występowaniu pierwiastkiem o dużym znaczeniu dla wszystkich żywych organizmów, w tym także dla roślin. Światowe złoża fosforytów wykorzystywanych do produkcji nawozów fosforowych ulegają szybkiemu wyczerpaniu, stąd pierwiastek ten został umieszczony na tzw. liście surowców krytycznych. Rolnictwo i ogrodnictwo w dużym stopniu uzależnione jest od wykorzystania nawozów fosforowych w celu utrzymania produkcji żywności oraz pasz o wysokiej jakości. Przewiduje się, że zapotrzebowanie na fosfor jako nawóz wzrośnie wraz ze wzrostem liczby ludności na świecie z obecnych 7,2 mld do 9,6 mld w 2050 r. Stąd należy poszukiwać alternatywnych jego źródeł. Potencjalnym źródłem fosforu są różnego rodzaju odpady m.in. osady ściekowe czy popioły powstające w wyniku ich spalania. Bezpośredniewykorzystanie osadów ściekowych w rolnictwie oraz ich składowanie jest obecnie zastępowane przez termiczną utylizację czy odzysk składników pokarmowych. Dzięki wykorzystaniu gospodarki o charakterze cyrkularnym, osady ściekowe jako potencjalnie niebezpieczne odpady, jednocześnie zasobne w fosfor, zostają przekształcone w gotowy produkt i wracają ponownie do środowiska w postaci nawozów. Produktem odzysku fosforu z osadów ściekowych jest m.in. struwit, który może być z powodzeniem wykorzystany w rolnictwie. Priorytetem polityki gospodarczej UE jest produkcja nawozów w sposób zrównoważony, który zostanie spełniony np. poprzez produkcję struwitu. Struwit w swoim składzie zawiera nie tylko fosfor, ale także azot i magnez. Ilość fosforu i magnezu, jaka może zostać wprowadzona wraz ze struwitem do gleby, jest większa niż w przypadku typowych nawozów mineralnych. Zawartość azotu i potasu w nawozach struwitowych jestniższa w porównaniu z tradycyjnymi nawozami. Dlatego zaleca się stosowanie struwitu w połączeniu z nawozami konwencjonalnymi, dla optymalnego zbilansowania poszczególnych makroskładników. Struwit uważany jest za skuteczny nawóz wolno uwalniający składniki pokarmowe, który z powodzeniem może być aplikowany w uprawie roślin rolniczych, warzywniczych czy ozdobnych. Niski indeks zasolenia, ograniczone wymywanie składników odżywczych i wysoka jakość nawozu wynikająca z niskiej zawartości metali ciężkich czynią struwit nawozem przyjaznym dla środowiska. Struwit jako nawóz doglebowy nie powoduje zwiększenia zawartości metali ciężkich w roślinach oraz podłożu. Aplikacja struwitu pozytywnie wpływa na plony wielu gatunków roślin uprawnych. Wstępne badania nad jego wykorzystaniem w produkcji roślinnej wskazują nawet na wyższą skuteczność w porównaniu z typowymi nawozami fosforowymi rozpuszczalnymi w wodzie. W związku z tym przyszłe badania nad struwitem powinny koncentrować się m.in. na optymalizacji produkcji i wykorzystania nawozów powstałych na bazie osadów ściekowych w nawożeniu różnych gatunków upraw rolniczych, ogrodniczych czy sadowniczych.
{"title":"Wpływ nawozów fosforowych powstałych na bazie osadów ściekowych na plonowanie, skład chemiczny roślin i gleby","authors":"A. Jama-Rodzeńska, B. Gałka","doi":"10.24326/as.2022.3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/as.2022.3.1","url":null,"abstract":"Fosfor jest niezbędnym, ale i ograniczonym w występowaniu pierwiastkiem o dużym znaczeniu dla wszystkich żywych organizmów, w tym także dla roślin. Światowe złoża fosforytów wykorzystywanych do produkcji nawozów fosforowych ulegają szybkiemu wyczerpaniu, stąd pierwiastek ten został umieszczony na tzw. liście surowców krytycznych. Rolnictwo i ogrodnictwo w dużym stopniu uzależnione jest od wykorzystania nawozów fosforowych w celu utrzymania produkcji żywności oraz pasz o wysokiej jakości. Przewiduje się, że zapotrzebowanie na fosfor jako nawóz wzrośnie wraz ze wzrostem liczby ludności na świecie z obecnych 7,2 mld do 9,6 mld w 2050 r. Stąd należy poszukiwać alternatywnych jego źródeł. Potencjalnym źródłem fosforu są różnego rodzaju odpady m.in. osady ściekowe czy popioły powstające w wyniku ich spalania. Bezpośredniewykorzystanie osadów ściekowych w rolnictwie oraz ich składowanie jest obecnie zastępowane przez termiczną utylizację czy odzysk składników pokarmowych. Dzięki wykorzystaniu gospodarki o charakterze cyrkularnym, osady ściekowe jako potencjalnie niebezpieczne odpady, jednocześnie zasobne w fosfor, zostają przekształcone w gotowy produkt i wracają ponownie do środowiska w postaci nawozów. Produktem odzysku fosforu z osadów ściekowych jest m.in. struwit, który może być z powodzeniem wykorzystany w rolnictwie. Priorytetem polityki gospodarczej UE jest produkcja nawozów w sposób zrównoważony, który zostanie spełniony np. poprzez produkcję struwitu. Struwit w swoim składzie zawiera nie tylko fosfor, ale także azot i magnez. Ilość fosforu i magnezu, jaka może zostać wprowadzona wraz ze struwitem do gleby, jest większa niż w przypadku typowych nawozów mineralnych. Zawartość azotu i potasu w nawozach struwitowych jestniższa w porównaniu z tradycyjnymi nawozami. Dlatego zaleca się stosowanie struwitu w połączeniu z nawozami konwencjonalnymi, dla optymalnego zbilansowania poszczególnych makroskładników. Struwit uważany jest za skuteczny nawóz wolno uwalniający składniki pokarmowe, który z powodzeniem może być aplikowany w uprawie roślin rolniczych, warzywniczych czy ozdobnych. \u0000Niski indeks zasolenia, ograniczone wymywanie składników odżywczych i wysoka jakość nawozu wynikająca z niskiej zawartości metali ciężkich czynią struwit nawozem przyjaznym dla środowiska. Struwit jako nawóz doglebowy nie powoduje zwiększenia zawartości metali ciężkich w roślinach oraz podłożu. Aplikacja struwitu pozytywnie wpływa na plony wielu gatunków roślin uprawnych. Wstępne badania nad jego wykorzystaniem w produkcji roślinnej wskazują nawet na wyższą skuteczność w porównaniu z typowymi nawozami fosforowymi rozpuszczalnymi w wodzie. W związku z tym przyszłe badania nad struwitem powinny koncentrować się m.in. na optymalizacji produkcji i wykorzystania nawozów powstałych na bazie osadów ściekowych w nawożeniu różnych gatunków upraw rolniczych, ogrodniczych czy sadowniczych.","PeriodicalId":100343,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science, Soil Science, Agronomy News","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75725384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Klikocka, Aneta Jarosz-Angowska, A. Nowak, B. Skwaryło-Bednarz
This article aims to description food security and its measurement method and analyse the agricultural production status and food self-sufficiency in 2010–2020. Currently, Poland in 2020 ranks 59th globally and fifth in the European Union in terms of utilised agricultural areas. Considering the population of agricultural workers, Poland are the first in the European Union. Results of studies concerning the production and consumption of basic agricultural raw materials indicate that Poland is a country mostly featuring a food production surplus. From 2010 to 2020, its level of self-sufficiency to the extent of basic cereals was variable; however, grain production surplus was recorded in the analysed period. Similar observations were made for the production of potatoes and vegetables. Only in some years did fruit production show a deficit or was at the domestic consumption level. As regards milk and eggs, Poland was self-sufficient in the whole analysed period, and the dynamics of increase in the surplus of milk and eggs was proportional to the 2010 year. From 2010 to 2020, Poland recorded a high surplus of poultry meat and beef that increased every year using a dynamic approach. The level of self-sufficiency to the extent of pork supplies was highly varied. From 2010 to 2015, a deficit occurred that decreased year on year, and from 2018 to 2020, it reached a surplus of 71 000, 62 000 and 40 000 tonnes, respectively. Surveys regarding Poland’s balance of foreign trade in agri-food products did not confirm food self-sufficiency in 2010; however, from 2015 to 2020, the balance was positive and was growing throughout the survey period, which means that Poland exported more agri-food products than it imported. Many households representing the part of the society with the poorest income declare they are not able to eat red meat or poultry every other day. A systematic reduction in the calorific value of food consumed in Polen is also puzzling as lower than the reference (2350 kcal), and in 2019 it reached a distressing daily intake value of 1999 kcal per capita.
{"title":"Assessment of Poland food security in the context of agricultural production in 2010–2020","authors":"H. Klikocka, Aneta Jarosz-Angowska, A. Nowak, B. Skwaryło-Bednarz","doi":"10.24326/as.2022.3.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/as.2022.3.8","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to description food security and its measurement method and analyse the agricultural production status and food self-sufficiency in 2010–2020. Currently, Poland in 2020 ranks 59th globally and fifth in the European Union in terms of utilised agricultural areas. Considering the population of agricultural workers, Poland are the first in the European Union. Results of studies concerning the production and consumption of basic agricultural raw materials indicate that Poland is a country mostly featuring a food production surplus. From 2010 to 2020, its level of self-sufficiency to the extent of basic cereals was variable; however, grain production surplus was recorded in the analysed period. Similar observations were made for the production of potatoes and vegetables. Only in some years did fruit production show a deficit or was at the domestic consumption level. As regards milk and eggs, Poland was self-sufficient in the whole analysed period, and the dynamics of increase in the surplus of milk and eggs was proportional to the 2010 year. From 2010 to 2020, Poland recorded a high surplus of poultry meat and beef that increased every year using a dynamic approach. The level of self-sufficiency to the extent of pork supplies was highly varied. From 2010 to 2015, a deficit occurred that decreased year on year, and from 2018 to 2020, it reached a surplus of 71 000, 62 000 and 40 000 tonnes, respectively. Surveys regarding Poland’s balance of foreign trade in agri-food products did not confirm food self-sufficiency in 2010; however, from 2015 to 2020, the balance was positive and was growing throughout the survey period, which means that Poland exported more agri-food products than it imported. Many households representing the part of the society with the poorest income declare they are not able to eat red meat or poultry every other day. A systematic reduction in the calorific value of food consumed in Polen is also puzzling as lower than the reference (2350 kcal), and in 2019 it reached a distressing daily intake value of 1999 kcal per capita.","PeriodicalId":100343,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science, Soil Science, Agronomy News","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75607726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Dervishi, Merita Rumano, Panajota Ruzi, A. Çakalli
The genetic diversity and variation in crude protein content among eleven wheat genotypes, comprising three elite local genotypes and eight wheat genotypes of foreign origin were investigated in the present study. Variability was evidenced in grain protein content estimated by biuret test, it ranged from 9.5 to 13.9% with mean of 11.58%. Comparative analysis between local and introduced wheat genotypes revealed that the local genotypes had lower protein content than those of foreign origin. Fourteen polymorphic RAPD markers were used to assess genetic diversity among selected wheat varieties. The mean similarity among wheat genotypes was 67%. Genetic similarity among local wheat varieties was higher (83%) than among those of foreign origin (66%). The wheat genotypes were grouped into two main clusters on UPGMA dendrogram constructed based on Dice similarity coefficients. A clear clustering of genotypes according to the origin wasobserved. This clustering was also supported by principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) results. There was no observed clustering based on the protein content. The data revealed that local wheat genetic had narrow genetic diversity, however the wheat genotypes of foreign origin constitute a promising material to be employed in breeding programs aiming the increase of wheat protein content and genetic diversity.
{"title":"The genetic diversity and variation in crude protein content of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) promising cultivars for breeding in Albania","authors":"A. Dervishi, Merita Rumano, Panajota Ruzi, A. Çakalli","doi":"10.24326/as.2022.3.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/as.2022.3.6","url":null,"abstract":"The genetic diversity and variation in crude protein content among eleven wheat genotypes, comprising three elite local genotypes and eight wheat genotypes of foreign origin were investigated in the present study. Variability was evidenced in grain protein content estimated by biuret test, it ranged from 9.5 to 13.9% with mean of 11.58%. Comparative analysis between local and introduced wheat genotypes revealed that the local genotypes had lower protein content than those of foreign origin. Fourteen polymorphic RAPD markers were used to assess genetic diversity among selected wheat varieties. The mean similarity among wheat genotypes was 67%. Genetic similarity among local wheat varieties was higher (83%) than among those of foreign origin (66%). The wheat genotypes were grouped into two main clusters on UPGMA dendrogram constructed based on Dice similarity coefficients. A clear clustering of genotypes according to the origin wasobserved. This clustering was also supported by principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) results. There was no observed clustering based on the protein content. The data revealed that local wheat genetic had narrow genetic diversity, however the wheat genotypes of foreign origin constitute a promising material to be employed in breeding programs aiming the increase of wheat protein content and genetic diversity.","PeriodicalId":100343,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science, Soil Science, Agronomy News","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84971068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Great progress has been made within the last few years in terms of abiotic stress resistance improvement of forest trees. The application of genetic modification techniques allows developing trees displaying superior growth under various abiotic stresses such as high salinity, drought, low temperature, and environmental pollution. Poplar, which is an important agroforestry crop, is especially responsive to improvement through genetic engineering. With the view of imminent environmental changes, the application of transformation techniques to forestry breeding seems to be an attractive perspective. Here, we review the most recent achievements of researchers developing genetically modified (GM) poplar trees displaying enhanced performance under unfavorable experimental conditions.
{"title":"Genetically modified trees with improved abiotic stress resistance - recent accomplishments. A review.","authors":"M. Sozoniuk, K. Kowalczyk","doi":"10.24326/as.2022.3.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/as.2022.3.11","url":null,"abstract":"Great progress has been made within the last few years in terms of abiotic stress resistance improvement of forest trees. The application of genetic modification techniques allows developing trees displaying superior growth under various abiotic stresses such as high salinity, drought, low temperature, and environmental pollution. Poplar, which is an important agroforestry crop, is especially responsive to improvement through genetic engineering. With the view of imminent environmental changes, the application of transformation techniques to forestry breeding seems to be an attractive perspective. Here, we review the most recent achievements of researchers developing genetically modified (GM) poplar trees displaying enhanced performance under unfavorable experimental conditions.","PeriodicalId":100343,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science, Soil Science, Agronomy News","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84992541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of the research reported here was to determine the effect of Azofix and Maxprolin against nitrogen fertiliser on mineral nitrogen content in the soil during the period of intensive growth of spring wheat plants and after its harvest. The following two factors were chosen: I. Biological products: control, Azofix, Maxprolin, Azofix + Maxprolin; II. Nitrogen fertilisation: non-fertilised control, 60 kg N ha–1, 90 kg N ha–1, 90 kg N ha–1 + foliar fertilisation. During the period of intensive growth of spring wheat plants and after harvesting, mineral nitrogen content in the soil was determined. The research demonstrated that, during the period of their intensive growth, spring wheat plants had access to the largest amount of mineral nitrogen in the topsoil following treatment with Azofix + Maxprolin and an application of the nitrogen rate of 90 kg N ha–1.
本研究的目的是确定氮肥施用偶氮定和Maxprolin对春小麦集约生长期和收获后土壤矿质氮含量的影响。选择以下两个因素:1 .生物制品:对照、偶氮定、Maxprolin、偶氮定+ Maxprolin;2氮肥:不施肥对照，60 kg N ha-1, 90 kg N ha-1, 90 kg N ha-1 +叶面施肥。测定了春小麦集约生育期和收获后土壤矿质氮含量。研究表明，在春小麦集约生长时期，氮肥用量为90 kg N ha-1的Azofix + Maxprolin处理对表层土壤矿质氮的吸收最多。
{"title":"The influence of biological preparations Azofix and Maxprolin and nitrogen fertilisation on soil mineral nitrogen content in growing season and after spring wheat harvest","authors":"A. Płaza, E. Rzążewska","doi":"10.24326/as.2022.3.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/as.2022.3.5","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the research reported here was to determine the effect of Azofix and Maxprolin against nitrogen fertiliser on mineral nitrogen content in the soil during the period of intensive growth of spring wheat plants and after its harvest. The following two factors were chosen: I. Biological products: control, Azofix, Maxprolin, Azofix + Maxprolin; II. Nitrogen fertilisation: non-fertilised control, 60 kg N ha–1, 90 kg N ha–1, 90 kg N ha–1 + foliar fertilisation. During the period of intensive growth of spring wheat plants and after harvesting, mineral nitrogen content in the soil was determined. The research demonstrated that, during the period of their intensive growth, spring wheat plants had access to the largest amount of mineral nitrogen in the topsoil following treatment with Azofix + Maxprolin and an application of the nitrogen rate of 90 kg N ha–1.","PeriodicalId":100343,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science, Soil Science, Agronomy News","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83207098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the experiment was to assess the effect of cropping system and as well as various methods of weed control on the biodiversity of the weed community of dent maize, narrow-leaved lupine and spring oat. The data used in the study came from a three year field experiment carried out at the Experimental Station in south-eastern Poland (50°42'N, 23°16'E). The following factors were studied: 1. Cropping system – sole cropping and strip intercropping; 2. Weed control – mechanical and chemical. Changes in the diversity of the segetal flora are analysed using the species richness index (S), the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H’), the Margalef index (R), the Simpson dominance index (D) and Pielou’s evenness index (J’). The use of chemical weed control increased the diversity of the weed community in all species tested compared to mechanical weed regulation. Chemical weed regulation significantly decreased the value of Simpson dominance index due to the limitation of the occurrence of dominant weed species. Strip intercropping increased weed biodiversity, however, the influence of cropping systems depended on the crop species and the weed controlmethod used.
{"title":"The biodiversity of weed communities of dent maize, narrow-leaved lupin and oat in relation to cropping system and weed control","authors":"A. Głowacka, Ewelina Flis-Olszewska","doi":"10.24326/as.2022.3.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/as.2022.3.9","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the experiment was to assess the effect of cropping system and as well as various methods of weed control on the biodiversity of the weed community of dent maize, narrow-leaved lupine and spring oat. The data used in the study came from a three year field experiment carried out at the Experimental Station in south-eastern Poland (50°42'N, 23°16'E). The following factors were studied: 1. Cropping system – sole cropping and strip intercropping; 2. Weed control – mechanical and chemical. Changes in the diversity of the segetal flora are analysed using the species richness index (S), the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H’), the Margalef index (R), the Simpson dominance index (D) and Pielou’s evenness index (J’). The use of chemical weed control increased the diversity of the weed community in all species tested compared to mechanical weed regulation. Chemical weed regulation significantly decreased the value of Simpson dominance index due to the limitation of the occurrence of dominant weed species. Strip intercropping increased weed biodiversity, however, the influence of cropping systems depended on the crop species and the weed controlmethod used.","PeriodicalId":100343,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science, Soil Science, Agronomy News","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78620765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study pertained to environmentally-friendly methods in the cultivation of cereal, and aimed to manage the quality of rye and triticale seeds and determine the impact of seed conditioning using effective microorganisms (EM), red light (RL), and a combination of the two (RL × EM) on the yield of grain and straw. Moreover, the seeds were sown into soil with and without EM conditioning, designated as 0 and PEM. The yield fluctuations depended mostly on the studied rye and triticale cultivars. The best effects we observed in soil without EM conditioning for Dańkowskie Złote rye and Moderato triticale. The increase in grain and straw yields was, respectively: 26% (RL), 31% (RL × EM), 40% (EM), and 17% (RL × EM), 23% (RL), 32% (EM) – Dańkowskie Złote, 27% (RL × EM), 44% (EM), 46% (RL), and 17% (RL × EM), 51% (EM), 78% (RL) – Moderato. In turn, seeds exposed to the experimental treatment and sown into soil containing EM produced reduced yields in both of the above cultivars. It is noteworthy that the conditioning methods employed in the field experiment can facilitate increased yields but most importantly contribute to the resilience of agrosystems and can therefore have environmental benefits. It is noteworthy that the conditioning methods employed in the field experiment can facilitate increased yields but most importantly contribute to the resilience of agrosystems and can therefore have environmental benefits.
{"title":"Managing the quality of seeds from cereal conditioned with effective microorganisms (EM) and red light (RL)","authors":"A. Dziwulska-Hunek, M. Szymanek, J. Dziwulski","doi":"10.24326/as.2022.3.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/as.2022.3.7","url":null,"abstract":"The study pertained to environmentally-friendly methods in the cultivation of cereal, and aimed to manage the quality of rye and triticale seeds and determine the impact of seed conditioning using effective microorganisms (EM), red light (RL), and a combination of the two (RL × EM) on the yield of grain and straw. Moreover, the seeds were sown into soil with and without EM conditioning, designated as 0 and PEM. The yield fluctuations depended mostly on the studied rye and triticale cultivars. The best effects we observed in soil without EM conditioning for Dańkowskie Złote rye and Moderato triticale. The increase in grain and straw yields was, respectively: 26% (RL), 31% (RL × EM), 40% (EM), and 17% (RL × EM), 23% (RL), 32% (EM) – Dańkowskie Złote, 27% (RL × EM), 44% (EM), 46% (RL), and 17% (RL × EM), 51% (EM), 78% (RL) – Moderato. In turn, seeds exposed to the experimental treatment and sown into soil containing EM produced reduced yields in both of the above cultivars. It is noteworthy that the conditioning methods employed in the field experiment can facilitate increased yields but most importantly contribute to the resilience of agrosystems and can therefore have environmental benefits. It is noteworthy that the conditioning methods employed in the field experiment can facilitate increased yields but most importantly contribute to the resilience of agrosystems and can therefore have environmental benefits.","PeriodicalId":100343,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science, Soil Science, Agronomy News","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75568298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The pro-health and pro-environmental assets of organic farming are a reason why this system is now promoted in agriculture. The objective of the research was to determine the effect of conventional and organic crop production (potato, oat, and spring vetch) on the yield, water erosion, losses of NPK nutrients, LAI, infiltration, and fresh mass of earthworms. From 2019 to 2021, a two-factor field experiment was carried out at the Mountain Experimental Station located in Czyrna (Southern Poland). The first factor included farming systems: conventional and organic. The second factor consisted of 3 crops grown with the use of crop rotation: 1. potato with manure; 2. oat; 3. spring vetch. Based on the experiment performed, it was found that the yield of the organically grown crops was on average 18.8% lower compared to that grown conventionally. Under the organic farming system, the mass of sheet wash was on average 6.47% smaller than that under the conventional farming system. As regards the NPK nutrients emitted into the environment, their losses was about 50% lower than that under the conventional system of farming, where there were applied artificially synthesized fertilizers and pesticides.
{"title":"Effect of conventional and organic farming on crop yielding and water erosion intensity on sloping farmland","authors":"K. Klima, J. Puła, A. Kliszcz","doi":"10.24326/as.2022.3.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/as.2022.3.3","url":null,"abstract":"The pro-health and pro-environmental assets of organic farming are a reason why this system is now promoted in agriculture. The objective of the research was to determine the effect of conventional and organic crop production (potato, oat, and spring vetch) on the yield, water erosion, losses of NPK nutrients, LAI, infiltration, and fresh mass of earthworms. From 2019 to 2021, a two-factor field experiment was carried out at the Mountain Experimental Station located in Czyrna (Southern Poland). The first factor included farming systems: conventional and organic. The second factor consisted of 3 crops grown with the use of crop rotation: 1. potato with manure; 2. oat; 3. spring vetch. Based on the experiment performed, it was found that the yield of the organically grown crops was on average 18.8% lower compared to that grown conventionally. Under the organic farming system, the mass of sheet wash was on average 6.47% smaller than that under the conventional farming system. As regards the NPK nutrients emitted into the environment, their losses was about 50% lower than that under the conventional system of farming, where there were applied artificially synthesized fertilizers and pesticides.","PeriodicalId":100343,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science, Soil Science, Agronomy News","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74315689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Magdalena Serafin-Andrzejewska, W. Helios, A. Jama-Rodzeńska, A. Kotecki, M. Kozak, P. Zarzycki, Beata Kaliska
Sowing depth and sowing density are considered important factors that affect the yield and profitability of crop cultivation. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of differentiated sowing depths and rates on the yield components and seed yield of two faba bean morphotypes: Bobas – indeterminate growth habit and Granit – determinate growth habit, grown in Southwestern Poland in the years 2011–2013. The course of weather in the years of research had the strongest impact on the studied yield components and yield. The indeterminate Bobas cultivar was characterized by the most beneficial morphological traits, compared to the determinate Granit cultivar. Among the tested sowing rates, 60 and 75 seeds per 1 m2 caused the highest yield. The depth of sowing had only a significant effect on seed yield; the highest yield was found at 5 cm compared to deeper sowing.
{"title":"Effect of the depth and rate of sowing on the yield and yield components of determinate and indeterminate faba beans (Vicia faba var. minor L.) cultivars under conditions of Southwestern Poland","authors":"Magdalena Serafin-Andrzejewska, W. Helios, A. Jama-Rodzeńska, A. Kotecki, M. Kozak, P. Zarzycki, Beata Kaliska","doi":"10.24326/as.2022.3.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24326/as.2022.3.2","url":null,"abstract":"Sowing depth and sowing density are considered important factors that affect the yield and profitability of crop cultivation. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of differentiated sowing depths and rates on the yield components and seed yield of two faba bean morphotypes: Bobas – indeterminate growth habit and Granit – determinate growth habit, grown in Southwestern Poland in the years 2011–2013. The course of weather in the years of research had the strongest impact on the studied yield components and yield. The indeterminate Bobas cultivar was characterized by the most beneficial morphological traits, compared to the determinate Granit cultivar. Among the tested sowing rates, 60 and 75 seeds per 1 m2 caused the highest yield. The depth of sowing had only a significant effect on seed yield; the highest yield was found at 5 cm compared to deeper sowing.","PeriodicalId":100343,"journal":{"name":"Crop Science, Soil Science, Agronomy News","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89952988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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