Decoding Infection and Transmission最新文献

Breaking barriers for key populations in the lenacapavir era 为lenacapavir时代的关键种群打破障碍

Decoding Infection and Transmission

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcit.2026.100075

Victor Abiola Adepoju , Abdulrakib Abdulrahim , Safayet Jamil

Despite advances in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention, key populations including men who have sex with men (MSM), sex workers, transgender individuals, people who inject drugs, and adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) continue to experience disproportionately high rates of HIV infection and limited access to prevention services. The recent approval of lenacapavir, a twice-yearly long-acting injectable pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), offers a promising opportunity to overcome adherence challenges associated with daily oral PrEP. However, its successful implementation hinges on addressing the structural and social barriers that have historically excluded these populations from benefiting fully from HIV innovations. While lenacapavir's discreet, long-acting profile holds great promise, its rollout may be undermined by persistent issues such as stigma, criminalisation, lack of youth-friendly services, and health system mistrust. Many individuals from key populations still face legal and social conditions that deter them from accessing clinics, even for biannual injections. Without intentional equity-focused strategies, including peer-led service delivery, policy reform, and community-based outreach, these same barriers could restrict uptake and impact. Innovative solutions such as integrating lenacapavir into trusted drop-in centres, mobile clinics, or combined reproductive health services can enhance accessibility and privacy. Ensuring equitable rollout also demands investment in key population-led organisations, disaggregated data monitoring, and rights-based policy frameworks that affirm agency and safety. Lenacapavir could be a game-changer for HIV prevention, but only if systems evolve to meet the needs of those most affected. Equity must be a deliberate foundation, not a secondary consideration. If we prioritise dignity, inclusivity, and structural reform alongside scientific innovation, lenacapavir can do more than prevent infections; it can help transform global HIV prevention into a tool for justice. The era of long-acting PrEP must not replicate old exclusions but rather break new ground in empowering key populations worldwide.

尽管在预防人类免疫缺陷病毒（艾滋病毒）方面取得了进展，但包括男男性行为者（MSM）、性工作者、变性人、注射吸毒者以及少女和年轻妇女在内的关键人群的艾滋病毒感染率仍然过高，获得预防服务的机会有限。lenacapavir是一种每年两次的长效注射暴露前预防（PrEP），最近获得批准，为克服与每日口服PrEP相关的依从性挑战提供了一个有希望的机会。然而，其成功实施取决于解决结构性和社会障碍，这些障碍在历史上使这些人群无法充分受益于艾滋病毒创新。虽然lenacapavir谨慎、长效的形象给人以巨大的希望，但它的推出可能会受到诸如耻辱、刑事定罪、缺乏对青年友好的服务以及卫生系统不信任等持续存在的问题的影响。来自重点人群的许多个人仍然面临法律和社会条件，使他们无法进入诊所，即使是一年两次的注射。如果没有以公平为重点的战略，包括以同行为主导的服务提供、政策改革和以社区为基础的推广，这些障碍可能会限制吸收和影响。将lenacapavir纳入可信赖的上门服务中心、流动诊所或综合生殖健康服务等创新解决方案可提高可及性和隐私性。确保公平推广还需要投资于关键的以人口为主导的组织、分类数据监测和基于权利的政策框架，以确认机构和安全。Lenacapavir可能会改变艾滋病毒预防的游戏规则，但前提是系统能够满足受影响最严重人群的需求。公平必须是一个深思熟虑的基础，而不是次要的考虑。如果我们将尊严、包容性和结构性改革与科学创新放在首位，那么lenacapavir的作用就不仅仅是预防感染；它可以帮助将全球艾滋病毒预防转变为伸张正义的工具。长效预防措施的时代不应重复以往的排斥，而应在增强全球重点人群权能方面开辟新天地。

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引用次数: 0

World malaria report 2025: Growing biological threats, shrinking resources 《2025年世界疟疾报告》：生物威胁日益严重，资源萎缩

Decoding Infection and Transmission

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcit.2026.100076

Lucien Platon , Feng Lu , Didier Ménard

The World Malaria Report 2025 documents operational progress while exposing systemic vulnerabilities that could reverse two decades of gains. Several biological threats are converging in Sub-Saharan Africa: artemisinin partial resistance, parasites evading rapid diagnostic tests, insecticide-resistant mosquitoes, and the spread of Anopheles stephensi into urban areas. This convergence occurs as external funding drops sharply.

The resulting situation presents parallels with the period preceding chloroquine failure across Sub-Saharan Africa. A critical difference exists: molecular surveillance tools can now detect resistance before clinical failure occurs. Whether this capacity translates into effective response will depend on decisions made over the coming years.

《2025年世界疟疾报告》记录了业务进展，同时暴露了可能逆转20年成果的系统性脆弱性。在撒哈拉以南非洲，一些生物威胁正在趋同：青蒿素部分耐药性、寄生虫逃避快速诊断检测、蚊子对杀虫剂具有抗药性，以及斯氏按蚊向城市地区蔓延。这种趋同发生在外部资金急剧减少的时候。由此产生的情况与整个撒哈拉以南非洲氯喹失效之前的时期相似。存在一个关键的区别：分子监测工具现在可以在临床失败发生之前检测到耐药性。这种能力能否转化为有效的反应将取决于今后几年作出的决定。

引用次数: 0

Genomic characterization of Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. xiangfangensis isolated from a urinary tract infection: insights into antibiotic resistance determinant and mobile genetic elements 贺氏肠杆菌亚种的基因组特征。从尿路感染分离的香方虫：抗生素耐药性决定因素和移动遗传因素的见解

Decoding Infection and Transmission

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcit.2026.100074

Dého Aristide Gbégbé, Okran Beyosse Christophe Kacou, N'goran Parfait N'zi, Kouamé Abraham N'guessan, Djédoux Maxime Angaman

Objective

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) remain a major public health concern in resource-limited settings, where reliance on conventional urine culture and sensitivity testing may result in misdiagnosis and inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions. This study aimed to provide the first genomic characterization of Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. xiangfangensis isolated from a UTI case in Côte d’Ivoire, focusing on antimicrobial resistance, mobile genetic elements, and epidemiological relevance.

Methods

A bacterial isolate (20LM111) was recovered from a UTI patient at Daloa Regional Hospital. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed, followed by genomic DNA extraction, Illumina NextSeq sequencing, and de novo genome assembly. In silico analyses were conducted to identify antimicrobial resistance genes, plasmid replicons, prophage regions, virulence factors, and multilocus sequence type.

Results

The isolate exhibited resistance to doxycycline, tetracycline, ampicillin, amoxicillin–clavulanate, nalidixic acid, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, and cefoxitin. Genomic analysis identified the resistance genes dfrA14, blaACT-16_1, and fosA_7, while no virulence-associated genes were detected. The draft genome size was 4,697,941 bp with a GC content of 55.42 % and was assigned to sequence type ST114. Two plasmids (IncFIB[pQil] and IncR) and four prophage regions were identified.

Conclusion

This study highlights the value of whole-genome sequencing for improving UTI diagnostics, monitoring antimicrobial resistance, and enhancing surveillance of high-risk Enterobacter clones in resource-limited settings.

在资源有限的环境中，尿路感染（uti）仍然是一个主要的公共卫生问题，在这些环境中，对传统尿液培养和敏感性测试的依赖可能导致误诊和不适当的抗生素处方。本研究的目的是提供第一个基因组特征的肠杆菌霍马氏亚种。从Côte科特迪瓦的一个尿路感染病例中分离到香房菌，重点研究抗菌素耐药性、移动遗传因素和流行病学相关性。方法从Daloa地区医院1例尿路感染患者中分离出1株细菌（20LM111）。进行抗微生物药敏试验，然后进行基因组DNA提取、Illumina NextSeq测序和从头基因组组装。计算机分析鉴定了耐药基因、质粒复制子、噬菌体区域、毒力因子和多位点序列类型。结果该菌株对强力霉素、四环素、氨苄西林、阿莫西林-克拉维酸盐、萘啶酸、头孢呋辛、头孢曲松和头孢西丁均有耐药。基因组分析鉴定出抗性基因dfrA14、blaACT-16_1和fosA_7，未检测到毒力相关基因。基因组草图大小为4,697,941 bp， GC含量为55.42%，序列类型为ST114。鉴定出2个质粒（IncFIB[pQil]和IncR）和4个噬菌体区。结论本研究强调了全基因组测序在改善UTI诊断、监测抗菌药物耐药性和加强资源有限环境下高危肠杆菌克隆监测方面的价值。

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引用次数: 0

COVID-19 and chronic kidney disease: A Case Report on Diagnosis, Management, and Recovery in an Elderly Patient COVID-19与慢性肾病：1例老年患者的诊断、治疗和康复

Decoding Infection and Transmission

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcit.2025.100073

B. Naveena , E. Karthikeyan

The case report concerns the management of a 71-year-old Indian woman with chronic kidney disease (CKD), cellulitis, and COVID-19. Early diagnosis and multidisciplinary treatment are especially important since older adult patients with CKD are highly susceptible to severe COVID-19 because of their diminished self-immune defense and many comorbidities. The patient presented with fever, increased lower limb edema, and dyspnea. Laboratory, RT‒PCR, and chest computed tomography confirmed infection with SARS-CoV-2 and cellulitis. A multidisciplinary treatment plan was initiated, which included corticosteroids, antibiotics, anticoagulants, analgesics, diuretics, and supportive care. Day 1: The patient was hospitalized, and therapy was initiated. She also showed progressive improvement in fever, signs of respiratory illness, and inflammation of the legs on Days 2–5. On Day 6, a repeat CT of the chest revealed a trend toward recovery from COVID-19 pneumonia, with a severity score of 7/25. On Day 7, she was released in a stable state and on medications with a follow-up appointment. At discharge, she demonstrated great improvement in symptoms and the absence of acute complications. The patient was appreciative and relieved that the coordinated, timely services were provided to her, and the excellent communication between the healthcare team was reassuring to her during her time in the hospital. The case shows great awareness of and adherence to evidence-based management of COVID-19 in geriatric patients with CKD and other comorbidities. Early diagnosis, interdisciplinary care, and follow-up could be helpful in reducing complications and improving the clinical outcome of this high-risk population.

该病例报告涉及对一名患有慢性肾脏疾病（CKD）、蜂窝织炎和COVID-19的71岁印度妇女的治疗。早期诊断和多学科治疗尤其重要，因为老年CKD患者由于自身免疫防御能力下降和许多合并症，极易感染严重的COVID-19。患者表现为发热，下肢水肿加重，呼吸困难。实验室、RT-PCR和胸部计算机断层扫描证实感染了SARS-CoV-2和蜂窝织炎。一项多学科治疗计划开始实施，包括皮质类固醇、抗生素、抗凝血剂、镇痛药、利尿剂和支持性护理。第1天：患者住院并开始治疗。在第2-5天，她的发热、呼吸系统疾病的症状和腿部炎症也逐渐改善。第6天胸部重复CT显示COVID-19肺炎有恢复趋势，严重程度评分为7/25。第7天，患者出院，病情稳定，并接受药物治疗，随访预约。出院时，患者症状明显改善，无急性并发症。病人对医院及时协调的服务表示感谢和欣慰，医疗团队之间良好的沟通也让她在住院期间感到安心。该病例显示了对患有慢性肾病和其他合并症的老年患者的COVID-19循证管理的高度认识和坚持。早期诊断、跨学科治疗和随访有助于减少并发症和改善这一高危人群的临床结果。

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引用次数: 0

Advances and challenges in the prevention, control and research of echinococcosis in China 中国棘球蚴病防治与研究进展与挑战

Decoding Infection and Transmission

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcit.2025.100041

Hongrang Zhou , Xiaoling Wang , Shuai Han , Ning Xiao

Echinococcosis is a group of chronic zoonotic parasitic diseases caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus tapeworms, which infect both humans and animals. Due to the complex life cycle, broad geographic distribution and wide range of host species of Echinococcus, controlling and eliminating echinococcosis remains highly challenging. Source control and the interruption of transmission pathways are critical but difficult, which always impede prevention and control efforts. Therefore, accurate detection, differentiation, diagnosis, and effective treatment, along with real-time monitoring of infections across various hosts, are essential prerequisites. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the current epidemiological status of echinococcosis, research progress, prevention and control measures, and the main challenges in efforts from control toward elimination of the disease in China, with the aim of providing reference for further optimization of present control strategies and surveillance methods.

棘球蚴病是由绦虫棘球绦虫幼虫期引起的一组慢性人畜共患寄生虫病，可感染人类和动物。由于棘球蚴复杂的生命周期、广泛的地理分布和广泛的寄主种类，控制和消除棘球蚴病仍然具有很高的挑战性。源头控制和传播途径的中断是关键但困难的，这总是阻碍预防和控制工作。因此，准确的检测、鉴别、诊断和有效的治疗，以及实时监测各种宿主的感染，是必不可少的先决条件。本文综述了中国棘球蚴病的流行病学现状、研究进展、预防和控制措施以及从控制到消除棘球蚴病面临的主要挑战，旨在为进一步优化现有的控制策略和监测方法提供参考。

引用次数: 0

Response to Chikungunya fever in China: are we ready? 中国应对基孔肯雅热：我们准备好了吗？

Decoding Infection and Transmission

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcit.2025.100058

Xiaohong Zhou , Xiang Guo , Xiaoguang Chen

Chikungunya fever (CHIK) is caused by the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a mosquito-borne RNA virus of the Alphavirus genus (family Togaviridae). CHIK has been imported and caused several local epidemic in China in recent years. This article describes the epidemiology of CHIK, and proposes the interventions as a response to this emerging infectious disease in China.

基孔肯雅热（CHIK）是由基孔肯雅病毒（CHIKV）引起的，基孔肯雅病毒是一种由蚊子传播的甲病毒属RNA病毒（托加病毒科）。近年来，中国发生了多起输入性疫情。本文介绍了CHIK的流行病学，并提出了应对这一新兴传染病的干预措施。

引用次数: 0

NMCR-6, a novel nonmobile colistin resistance gene in Vibrio bacteria: full characterization and global perspective 一种新的弧菌非移动粘菌素耐药基因NMCR-6：全面表征和全球视角

Decoding Infection and Transmission

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcit.2025.100060

Xinkun Zhu , Junyang Ma , Renge Hu , Qing Yang , Lei Yang , Shu Li , Yuanhuan Kang , Zhenlin Liang , Hany M. Elsheikha , Wei Cong

Objective

Amid rising bacterial resistance, polymyxins are a critical last resort against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative infections. Understanding and predicting the emergence of novel, nonmobile colistin resistance (NMCR) genes are essential to preserving their efficacy and preventing potential resistance crises.

Methods

Following the discovery of a high-level polymyxin B-resistant Vibrio harveyi strain WHSS0915, which exhibited antimicrobial resistance, we characterized the chromosomally encoded polymyxin-resistance protein NMCR-6 (WHSS0915). Through BLASTP searches against the Pan-Vibrio protein database, we identified the chromosomal eptA in Vibrio species as a NMCR (NMCR-6). We then investigated its global epidemiology and the potential determinants contributing to the spread of NMCR-6-bearing Vibrio strains.

Results

We identified and characterized the NMCR-6 protein in the V. harveyi strain WHSS0915. BLASTP searches based on the protein sequence revealed 14 158 sequences with over 60% homology to NMCR-6. Thirteen subtypes, named NMCR-6.1 to NMCR-6.13 according to the year of their earliest publication were classified. Phylogenetic analyses showed NMCR-6 variants form a distinctive branch among other mobile colistin resistance (MCR)/NMCR proteins. Statistical analysis of pathogenic Vibrio hosts carrying NMCR-6 revealed a broad distribution across different sample sources, detecting it in 7 clinically significant Vibrio species, notably V. parahaemolyticus. A global geographical analysis of NMCR-6 Vibrio hosts suggested that coastal extent, latitude, and temperature influence the distribution of NMCR-6 harboring Vibrio hosts.

Conclusion

Our research defined and evaluated the global epidemiology of NMCR-6 in Vibrio species, revealing the dissemination of resistance genes within pathogenic Vibrio and the associated public health risks. This knowledge will aid in predicting the emergence of new mobile colistin resistance genes.

目的在细菌耐药性上升的情况下，多粘菌素是对抗多重耐药革兰氏阴性感染的关键手段。了解和预测新型非移动粘菌素耐药（NMCR）基因的出现对于保持其有效性和预防潜在的耐药危机至关重要。方法在发现高水平耐多粘菌素b的哈维弧菌菌株WHSS0915后，对其染色体编码的耐多粘菌素蛋白NMCR-6 （WHSS0915）进行了鉴定。通过对Pan-Vibrio蛋白数据库的BLASTP搜索，我们鉴定出弧菌种的染色体eptA为NMCR （NMCR-6）。然后，我们调查了其全球流行病学和影响携带nmcr -6的弧菌菌株传播的潜在决定因素。结果在哈维氏菌WHSS0915中鉴定并鉴定了NMCR-6蛋白。基于蛋白质序列的BLASTP搜索显示，与NMCR-6同源性超过60%的序列为14 158个。13个亚型，根据其最早出版的年份命名为NMCR-6.1至NMCR-6.13。系统发育分析表明，NMCR-6变体在其他移动粘菌素抗性(MCR)/NMCR蛋白中形成了一个独特的分支。对携带NMCR-6的致病性弧菌宿主的统计分析显示，NMCR-6在不同样品来源的广泛分布，在7种临床意义显著的弧菌中检测到NMCR-6，其中以副溶血性弧菌最为明显。对NMCR-6弧菌宿主的全球地理分析表明，沿海范围、纬度和温度影响着NMCR-6弧菌宿主的分布。结论本研究明确并评估了NMCR-6在弧菌种群中的全球流行病学，揭示了致病性弧菌中耐药基因的传播及其相关的公共卫生风险。这一知识将有助于预测新的移动粘菌素耐药基因的出现。

{"title":"NMCR-6, a novel nonmobile colistin resistance gene in Vibrio bacteria: full characterization and global perspective","authors":"Xinkun Zhu , Junyang Ma , Renge Hu , Qing Yang , Lei Yang , Shu Li , Yuanhuan Kang , Zhenlin Liang , Hany M. Elsheikha , Wei Cong","doi":"10.1016/j.dcit.2025.100060","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcit.2025.100060","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Amid rising bacterial resistance, polymyxins are a critical last resort against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative infections. Understanding and predicting the emergence of novel, nonmobile colistin resistance (NMCR) genes are essential to preserving their efficacy and preventing potential resistance crises.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Following the discovery of a high-level polymyxin B-resistant <em>Vibrio harveyi</em> strain WHSS0915, which exhibited antimicrobial resistance, we characterized the chromosomally encoded polymyxin-resistance protein NMCR-6 (WHSS0915). Through BLASTP searches against the Pan-Vibrio protein database, we identified the chromosomal <em>eptA</em> in <em>Vibrio</em> species as a NMCR (NMCR-6). We then investigated its global epidemiology and the potential determinants contributing to the spread of NMCR-6-bearing <em>Vibrio</em> strains.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We identified and characterized the NMCR-6 protein in the <em>V. harveyi</em> strain WHSS0915. BLASTP searches based on the protein sequence revealed 14 158 sequences with over 60% homology to NMCR-6. Thirteen subtypes, named NMCR-6.1 to NMCR-6.13 according to the year of their earliest publication were classified. Phylogenetic analyses showed NMCR-6 variants form a distinctive branch among other mobile colistin resistance (MCR)/NMCR proteins. Statistical analysis of pathogenic <em>Vibrio</em> hosts carrying NMCR-6 revealed a broad distribution across different sample sources, detecting it in 7 clinically significant <em>Vibrio</em> species, notably <em>V. parahaemolyticus</em>. A global geographical analysis of NMCR-6 <em>Vibrio</em> hosts suggested that coastal extent, latitude, and temperature influence the distribution of NMCR-6 harboring <em>Vibrio</em> hosts.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our research defined and evaluated the global epidemiology of NMCR-6 in <em>Vibrio</em> species, revealing the dissemination of resistance genes within pathogenic <em>Vibrio</em> and the associated public health risks. This knowledge will aid in predicting the emergence of new mobile colistin resistance genes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100358,"journal":{"name":"Decoding Infection and Transmission","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100060"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145264831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Revolutionizing infectious disease surveillance: Multi-omics technologies and AI-driven integration 传染病监测革命：多组学技术和人工智能驱动的整合

Decoding Infection and Transmission

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcit.2025.100061

R. Aswini, B. Saranya, K. Gayathri, E. Karthikeyan

The integration of advanced technologies, including next-generation sequencing, multiomics approaches, and artificial intelligence (AI), has revolutionized pathogen surveillance and preparedness. Multiomics technologies provide detailed information about how pathogens work and interact with hosts. However, the integration of diverse omics data poses bioinformatics challenges related to data heterogeneity, dimensionality, and standardization. AI is crucial for solving problems, predicting outbreaks in advance, accurately forecasting how diseases spread, and identifying new pathogen changes. Using AI in conjunction with omics and epidemiological information simplifies activities that include the identification of biomarkers, the classification of individuals, and individual treatments. The use of genomic surveillance monitoring of tuberculosis (TB) and foodborne outbreaks and AI to predict the spread of COVID-19, detect variants, and develop vaccines with the help of multiomics technologies may be considered successful. Nevertheless, the current adoption of AI-based services in public health is characterized by issues of data quality, the presence of bias in the algorithmic system, the unit of explainability, and even ethical implications. Increased preparedness for pandemics at the global level requires collaboration networks, the sharing of open data, the protection of privacy, and the adoption of One Health approaches. The increasing development of multiomics approaches and AI-based techniques and their combination has great potential to transform infectious disease surveillance and response during the precision public health era.

包括下一代测序、多组学方法和人工智能（AI）在内的先进技术的整合，已经彻底改变了病原体的监测和防范。多组学技术提供了病原体如何工作和与宿主相互作用的详细信息。然而，不同组学数据的整合带来了与数据异质性、维度和标准化相关的生物信息学挑战。人工智能对于解决问题、提前预测疫情、准确预测疾病传播方式以及识别新的病原体变化至关重要。将人工智能与组学和流行病学信息结合使用可以简化包括生物标志物识别、个体分类和个体治疗在内的活动。利用基因组监测监测结核病和食源性疫情以及人工智能来预测COVID-19的传播、检测变异以及在多组学技术的帮助下开发疫苗，可能被认为是成功的。然而，目前在公共卫生领域采用基于人工智能的服务的特点是数据质量问题、算法系统中存在偏见、可解释性单位，甚至伦理影响。在全球一级加强对大流行的防范需要协作网络、共享开放数据、保护隐私和采用“同一个健康”方法。在精准公共卫生时代，多组学方法和基于人工智能的技术及其结合的日益发展具有巨大的潜力来改变传染病监测和应对。

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引用次数: 0

The Alongshan virus: A comprehensive review of its pathogenic characteristics, epidemiology, and detection strategies 阿隆山病毒：其病原特征、流行病学和检测策略的综合综述

Decoding Infection and Transmission

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcit.2025.100045

Sunjie Yang , Zedong Wang , Ruixin Guo , Yong Qi

Alongshan virus (ALSV) is an emerging tick-borne segmented RNA virus belonging to the Flaviviridae family, first identified in Northeastern China in 2017. ALSV is currently classified within the Jingmenvirus group, which includes other segmented flavi-like viruses. Since its discovery, ALSV has been detected in various regions, including China, Russia, and several European countries, highlighting its expanding geographic distribution. This review summarizes the latest research progress on ALSV, focusing on its pathogenic characteristics, pathogenicity, epidemiological features, and detection methods. ALSV exhibits a segmented genome, unique structural and nonstructural proteins, and potential neurotropism, with clinical symptoms resembling other tick-borne diseases. Detection methods, including nucleic acid detection and high-throughput sequencing, have advanced ALSV research, though challenges remain in standardization and clinical application. Understanding ALSV's ecological characteristics, transmission mechanisms, and public health impact is crucial for developing effective prevention and control strategies. This review provides valuable insights for healthcare institutions and policymakers to mitigate ALSV's risks.

阿隆山病毒（ALSV）是一种新兴的蜱传分节RNA病毒，属于黄病毒科，于2017年在中国东北首次发现。ALSV目前被归类为Jingmenvirus组，其中包括其他分段黄样病毒。自发现以来，ALSV已在包括中国、俄罗斯和几个欧洲国家在内的多个地区被检测到，突出了其不断扩大的地理分布。本文综述了ALSV的病原学特征、致病性、流行病学特征和检测方法等方面的最新研究进展。ALSV具有片段基因组、独特的结构蛋白和非结构蛋白以及潜在的嗜神经性，其临床症状与其他蜱传疾病相似。检测方法，包括核酸检测和高通量测序，推动了ALSV的研究，尽管在标准化和临床应用方面仍存在挑战。了解ALSV的生态特征、传播机制和公共卫生影响对制定有效的预防和控制策略至关重要。本综述为医疗机构和政策制定者减轻ALSV风险提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Rabies in Africa: Vaccination coverage and strategies for elimination by 2030 非洲狂犬病：疫苗接种覆盖率和到2030年消除狂犬病的战略

Decoding Infection and Transmission

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcit.2025.100047

Abdullahi Tunde Aborode , Oche Joseph Otorkpa , Omobolaji Omokorede Ayeseni , Sedoten Oluwaseun Ogun , Chibuzor Stella Amadi , Sharmistha Roy , Abdulhakeem Abayomi Olorukooba , Kenechukwu Obumneme Samuel Nwosu , Oluwafunto Adepeju Aladekomo , Barakat Olajumoke Kolawole , Tolulope Tiwa Ogundipe , Seto Charles Ogunleye , Segun Olapade , Bakare-Abidola Taiwo , Isreal Ayobami Onifade

Rabies remains a significant public health threat in Africa, and disproportionately impacts vulnerable populations to cause thousands of deaths annually. Rabies is a preventable disease and control efforts include a global target of rabies elimination by 2030. But, challenges impede this goal, such as limited access to vaccines, insufficient public awareness, and weak healthcare infrastructure. This review evaluates the barriers to vaccination coverage, including logistical constraints in vaccine delivery, high costs, and the lack of sustained funding. Additionally, the review discusses innovative strategies and best practices for rabies control, such as community-based education programs, and the integration of One Health approaches. This study synthesizes current evidence, to emphasize the urgent need for coordinated efforts, increased investment, and policy reforms to achieve sustainable rabies elimination in Africa.

狂犬病在非洲仍然是一个重大的公共卫生威胁，对脆弱人群的影响不成比例，每年造成数千人死亡。狂犬病是一种可预防的疾病，控制工作包括到2030年消除狂犬病的全球目标。但是，各种挑战阻碍了这一目标的实现，例如疫苗获取有限、公众意识不足以及卫生保健基础设施薄弱。本综述评估了疫苗接种覆盖的障碍，包括疫苗交付的后勤限制、高成本和缺乏持续资金。此外，本报告还讨论了狂犬病控制的创新战略和最佳做法，如基于社区的教育规划和“同一个健康”方法的整合。本研究综合了目前的证据，强调迫切需要协调努力，增加投资和政策改革，以实现非洲可持续的狂犬病消除。

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引用次数: 0