Decoding Infection and Transmission最新文献_第3页

Mosquitoes as pesticide disseminators: Advancing pyriproxyfen-based technologies for next-generation vector control 蚊子作为杀虫剂传播者：推进以吡丙醚为基础的新一代病媒控制技术

Decoding Infection and Transmission

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcit.2025.100059

Mengyan He, Yuting Chen, Hao Yang, Yongjun Li

Mosquito-borne diseases, including dengue, Zika, chikungunya, and malaria, pose significant global health challenges, exacerbated by rising insecticide resistance in key vectors like Aedes and Anopheles. Pyriproxyfen (PPF), an insect growth regulator (IGR), offers a promising alternative due to its unique mode of action, mimicking juvenile hormone to disrupt mosquito metamorphosis and reproduction at low concentrations, with minimal mammalian toxicity. This review examines PPF's role in mosquito control, focusing on its mechanisms, conventional applications, novel dissemination strategies, and challenges in the context of escalating resistance, with particular emphasis on PPF-based novel mosquito control technologies, namely the PPF-dissemination stations (PDS) and boosted sterile or incompatible insect techniques (BSIT/BIIT). These advanced technologies leverage mosquitoes to spread PPF to breeding sites (including the cryptic ones), offering targeted and cost-effective solutions. We propose that future research should prioritize the refinement of PPF delivery systems, improvement of community engagement, assessment of PPF's effects on vector competence, and establishment of international collaborative networks for PPF-resistance monitoring. This review highlights the significant value of PPF in combating mosquito-borne diseases, emphasizing the need for continued innovation to ensure its role as a valuable complement of global vector control initiatives, especially in regions prone to resistance.

蚊媒疾病，包括登革热、寨卡病毒、基孔肯雅热和疟疾，构成了重大的全球卫生挑战，伊蚊和按蚊等主要病媒对杀虫剂的抗药性不断增强，加剧了这一挑战。吡丙醚（PPF）是一种昆虫生长调节剂（IGR），由于其独特的作用模式，它提供了一种很有希望的替代方案，它可以模仿幼年激素，在低浓度下破坏蚊子的变态和繁殖，同时对哺乳动物的毒性最小。本文综述了PPF在蚊虫控制中的作用，重点介绍了PPF的作用机制、传统应用、新型传播策略以及在抗性不断升级的背景下面临的挑战，并重点介绍了基于PPF的新型蚊虫控制技术，即PPF传播站（PDS）和促进不育或不亲和昆虫技术（BSIT/BIIT）。这些先进技术利用蚊子将PPF传播到繁殖地（包括隐蔽的繁殖地），提供了有针对性和具有成本效益的解决方案。我们建议未来的研究应优先考虑完善PPF的提供系统，提高社区参与，评估PPF对媒介能力的影响，并建立国际合作网络，以监测PPF的耐药性。本综述强调了PPF在防治蚊媒疾病方面的重要价值，强调需要继续创新，以确保其作为全球病媒控制举措的宝贵补充，特别是在容易产生耐药性的地区。

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引用次数: 0

Decoding the host-pathogen-environment interaction: Integrated insights into Helicobacter pylori virulence and epidemiological transmission 解码宿主-病原体-环境相互作用：幽门螺杆菌毒力和流行病学传播的综合见解

Decoding Infection and Transmission

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcit.2025.100062

Man Zhang , Zexin Wang , Zhihao Yu , Guzhen Cui , Zhenghong Chen , Daoyan Wu

A primary cause of peptic ulcer, gastric carcinoma, and chronic gastritis is the Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Grasping its mechanisms of pathogenesis and transmission pathways is critical for disease prevention, control, and therapeutic intervention. The pathogenesis of H. pylori and the currently identified transmission are outlined in this review. The three primary components of the pathogenic mechanism of H. pylori infection are the environment, the host, and the bacterium. H. pylori accomplish the processes of colonization, barrier disruption, infection, and sustained damage through elements such as adhesins and virulence factors. The immune response and genetic susceptibility of the host create favorable conditions for H. pylori invasion. The environment and gut microenvironment exert a profound influence on the successful establishment H. pylori. The transmission channels of H. pylori include horizontal transmission (Oral–Oral, Gastro-Oral, and Fecal-Oral routes) and vertical transmission (Mother-to-child). This review serves as a foundational reference for preventing diseases associated with H. pylori and facilitates the progress of subsequent research in this field.

消化性溃疡、胃癌和慢性胃炎的主要原因是革兰氏阴性致病菌幽门螺杆菌（h.p ylori）。掌握其发病机制和传播途径对疾病的预防、控制和治疗干预至关重要。本文概述了幽门螺杆菌的发病机制和目前已确定的传播途径。幽门螺杆菌感染致病机制的三个主要组成部分是环境、宿主和细菌。幽门螺杆菌通过粘附素和毒力因子等因素完成定植、屏障破坏、感染和持续破坏的过程。宿主的免疫反应和遗传易感性为幽门螺杆菌的入侵创造了有利条件。环境和肠道微环境对幽门螺杆菌的成功建立有着深远的影响。幽门螺杆菌的传播途径包括水平传播（口-口、胃-口和粪-口途径）和垂直传播（母婴传播）。本综述为预防幽门螺杆菌相关疾病提供了基础参考，并促进了该领域后续研究的进展。

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引用次数: 0

A rare case of Trichosporon inkin bloodstream infection in an immunocompetent patient: Diagnostic challenges and antigenic cross-reactivity 一例罕见的免疫功能正常患者血中感染三磷酸丝蛋白：诊断挑战和抗原交叉反应性

Decoding Infection and Transmission

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcit.2025.100043

Yongqin Wu

Trichosporon inkin is a rare opportunistic pathogen typically associated with superficial infections but can also cause invasive infections, particularly in immunocompromised hosts. Here, we report a rare case of T. inkin bloodstream infection in an immunocompetent male with a history of cerebral hemorrhage surgery. The patient presented with fever, limb twitching, and brain lesions. Blood cultures revealed fungal growth, which was initially misidentified as Trichosporon ovoides by mass spectrometry but was later confirmed as T. inkin through ITS and IGS1 sequencing. The isolate exhibited low MICs for azoles and amphotericin B but high MICs for echinocandins. Notably, the patient's serum tested positive for cryptococcal antigen and Aspergillus galactomannan, despite the absence of clinical signs of cryptococcosis or aspergillosis. The T. inkin isolate expresses cryptococcal antigen but not galactomannan cross-reactive antigens when cultured in standard media. However, it expresses galactomannan cross-reactive antigens when cultured in human whole blood. This case highlights diagnostic challenges, including antigenic cross-reactivity and misidentification, and emphasizes the role of host–pathogen interactions in antigen expression. Our findings underscore the need for improved diagnostics and cautious interpretation of fungal antigen tests. This report expands the understanding of T. inkin infections and provides insights into their clinical management.

三磷体墨染是一种罕见的机会性病原体，通常与浅表感染有关，但也可引起侵袭性感染，特别是在免疫功能低下的宿主中。在此，我们报告一例罕见的T. inkin血流感染的免疫功能正常的男性脑出血手术史。患者表现为发热、肢体抽搐和脑损伤。血液培养显示真菌生长，最初通过质谱分析被误认为是Trichosporon ovoides，但后来通过ITS和IGS1测序证实是T. inkin。该分离物对唑类和两性霉素B的mic较低，但对棘白菌素的mic较高。值得注意的是，尽管没有隐球菌病或曲霉病的临床症状，但患者的血清隐球菌抗原和半乳甘露聚糖曲霉检测呈阳性。T. inkin分离物在标准培养基中培养时表达隐球菌抗原，但不表达半乳甘露聚糖交叉反应抗原。然而，在人全血培养时，它表达半乳甘露聚糖交叉反应抗原。该病例突出了诊断挑战，包括抗原交叉反应性和错误识别，并强调了宿主-病原体相互作用在抗原表达中的作用。我们的发现强调需要改进诊断和谨慎解释真菌抗原测试。本报告扩展了对T. inkin感染的理解，并为其临床管理提供了见解。

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引用次数: 0

WHO report signals tuberculosis resurgence: Addressing systemic failures and revamping control strategies 世卫组织报告表明结核病死灰复燃：解决系统失灵和改进控制战略

Decoding Infection and Transmission

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcit.2025.100044

Bashar Haruna Gulumbe , Abdulrakib Abdulrahim , Shamsuddeen Kele Ahmad , Kadai Alhaji Lawan , Mohammed Bashar Danlami

According to the World Health Organization's Global Tuberculosis Report 2024, tuberculosis (TB) has resurged as the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent, overtaking Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). With 8.2 million diagnoses and 1.25 million deaths in 2023, the highest since monitoring began in 1995, this commentary analyzes factors contributing to TB's resurgence and the limitations of current control strategies. Contributing factors include the diversion of healthcare resources during the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to diagnostic delays and treatment interruptions; the rise of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB), complicated by complex treatment regimens and limited diagnostic capacity; socioeconomic barriers such as poverty and overcrowding hindering access to care; and funding shortfalls impeding program implementation and research efforts. We advocate for reevaluating TB control strategies by integrating TB services into primary healthcare, leveraging digital technologies, and investing in capacity building. Addressing drug resistance requires accelerated research, improved diagnostics, and enhanced adherence programs. Essential socioeconomic interventions include poverty alleviation, community engagement, and nutritional support. Securing sustainable funding through increased domestic investment, international cooperation, and private-sector engagement is critical. Reversing TB's resurgence requires global commitment and coordinated action. Political will, robust community involvement, and global solidarity are vital. Ending the TB epidemic is both a medical and moral imperative aligned with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Immediate and decisive action is imperative to prevent further loss of life and achieve a TB-free world.

根据世界卫生组织《2024年全球结核病报告》，结核病已重新成为单一传染性病原体导致死亡的主要原因，超过了2019年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）。2023年将有820万例诊断和125万例死亡，这是自1995年开始监测以来的最高水平。本评论分析了导致结核病死灰复生的因素以及当前控制战略的局限性。造成这种情况的因素包括：在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间，医疗资源被转移，导致诊断延误和治疗中断；耐多药结核病（MDR-TB）的增加，复杂的治疗方案和有限的诊断能力使情况更加复杂；贫困和过度拥挤等社会经济障碍阻碍了获得医疗服务；资金短缺阻碍了项目的实施和研究工作。我们主张通过将结核病服务纳入初级卫生保健、利用数字技术和投资于能力建设，重新评估结核病控制战略。解决耐药问题需要加快研究、改进诊断和加强依从性规划。基本的社会经济干预措施包括扶贫、社区参与和营养支持。通过增加国内投资、国际合作和私营部门参与确保可持续资金至关重要。扭转结核病死灰复燃需要全球承诺和协调行动。政治意愿、社区积极参与和全球团结至关重要。终止结核病流行既是医学上的责任，也是道义上的责任，符合联合国可持续发展目标。必须立即采取果断行动，以防止进一步的生命损失和实现无结核病世界。

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引用次数: 0

Decoding the Bite: Sensory cues, host heterogeneity, and pathogen manipulation in mosquito host-seeking behavior 解码叮咬：蚊子寻找宿主行为中的感觉线索、宿主异质性和病原体操纵

Decoding Infection and Transmission

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcit.2025.100055

Ran Zhang , Rui Han , Shuairu Jiao , Xiuyun Wang , Guizhi Xu, Fanghang He, Chengsheng Peng, Qilong Wu, Shengqun Deng

Mosquitoes, primarily females, require blood meals for reproduction, making them prolific biters and major vectors of diseases such as malaria, dengue, Zika, and West Nile. This review synthesizes the mechanisms driving mosquito host-seeking behavior and the factors underlying heterogeneous human biting patterns. Mosquitoes locate hosts via a suite of sensory cues: long-range attraction to CO₂, followed by visual, thermal, and close-range olfactory cues. Olfaction is dominated by receptors that detect volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from human skin, sweat, and the microbiota. Host selection exhibits significant heterogeneity and is influenced by human physiological factors, including age (children/elderly individuals are often more attractive), sex (inconsistently reported), larger body size (higher metabolic output), pregnancy (increased CO₂, temperature, and VOCs), and skin/clothing color (dark colors that are more attractive). While some studies suggest blood type preferences (e.g., O for Ae. albopictus, B for Ae. aegypti), findings are inconsistent. Behavioral factors such as alcohol consumption increase attraction, whereas defensive behaviors reduce biting success. Crucially, pathogens manipulate host attractiveness: malaria (Plasmodium) increases the levels of aldehydes and terpenes via mechanisms involving HMBPP, and dengue/Zika increases acetophenone production via changes in the skin microbiota, increasing mosquito attraction and disease transmission. Mosquito host preference exhibits plasticity, shifting due to host availability (e.g., bird migration for West Nile vectors) or interventions (e.g., bed nets). Understanding these mechanisms (sensory cues, host factors, pathogen manipulation, and plasticity) is vital for developing targeted interventions (personal protection, odor masking, housing modifications, and microbiota management) to reduce bites and disease transmission.

蚊子，主要是雌性，需要吸血来繁殖，这使它们成为多产的叮咬者和疟疾、登革热、寨卡病毒和西尼罗河等疾病的主要媒介。本文综述了蚊子寻找宿主行为的驱动机制和人类不同叮咬模式的潜在因素。蚊子通过一系列感官线索来定位宿主：对二氧化碳的远距离吸引，其次是视觉、热和近距离嗅觉线索。嗅觉主要由检测人体皮肤、汗液和微生物群中的挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）的受体控制。宿主选择表现出显著的异质性，并受到人类生理因素的影响，包括年龄（儿童/老年人通常更有吸引力）、性别（报道不一致）、体型较大（代谢输出较高）、怀孕（二氧化碳、温度和挥发性有机化合物增加）和皮肤/衣服颜色（深色更有吸引力）。虽然一些研究表明血型偏好(例如，O型为Ae。白纹伊蚊，B代表伊蚊。埃及伊蚊)，结果不一致。饮酒等行为因素会增加吸引力，而防御行为则会降低咬人的成功率。至关重要的是，病原体操纵宿主的吸引力：疟疾（疟原虫）通过涉及HMBPP的机制增加醛类和萜烯的水平，登革热/寨卡病毒通过改变皮肤微生物群增加苯乙酮的产生，增加蚊子的吸引力和疾病传播。蚊子对宿主的偏好表现出可塑性，会因宿主的可用性（如西尼罗河病媒的鸟类迁徙）或干预措施（如蚊帐）而发生变化。了解这些机制（感觉线索、宿主因素、病原体操纵和可塑性）对于制定有针对性的干预措施（个人保护、气味掩蔽、住房改造和微生物群管理）以减少叮咬和疾病传播至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

mRNA vaccination facilitates the prevention and control of infectious diseases at an unprecedented speed mRNA疫苗以前所未有的速度促进了传染病的预防和控制

Decoding Infection and Transmission

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcit.2025.100048

Jinmin Ma , Meirong Li , Zhihao Xie , Desheng Li

In recent years, amidst the progresses of biotechnology versus the emergence and evolution of diseases, the pursuit of mRNA (messenger RNA) vaccines has become a focal point, particularly after their revolutionary function during the COVID-19 pandemic. mRNA vaccines have assumed a pivotal role against infectious diseases, and represent an avenue of exploration that holds great promise. The merits of mRNA vaccines are manifold, and encompass rapid development, unparalleled flexibility and adaptability, the elicitation of potent immune responses, cost-effective manufacturing, and the potential for personalized medicine. The global scientific community has become inspired by the possibilities of expeditious vaccine development, resulting in an extensive tapestry of research and development. However, realizing the full potential of mRNA vaccines is not without scientific and regulatory pitfalls, and necessitates a concerted effort to surmount these challenges. Nevertheless, incremental advances bear testament to the ever-evolving landscape of mRNA vaccine advancement in the battle against COVID-19. We believe that this technology will further play a significant role in the field of infectious diseases. This article aims to describe mRNA vaccine mechanisms and their applications against infectious diseases.

近年来，随着生物技术的进步和疾病的出现和演变，对mRNA（信使RNA）疫苗的追求成为焦点，特别是在COVID-19大流行期间发挥革命性作用之后。mRNA疫苗在对抗传染病方面发挥了关键作用，并代表着一种具有巨大前景的探索途径。mRNA疫苗的优点是多方面的，包括快速发展，无与伦比的灵活性和适应性，引发强有力的免疫反应，具有成本效益的制造以及个性化医疗的潜力。全球科学界受到迅速研制疫苗的可能性的鼓舞，从而产生了广泛的研究和开发活动。然而，实现mRNA疫苗的全部潜力并非没有科学和监管缺陷，需要共同努力克服这些挑战。然而，这些渐进式的进展证明了mRNA疫苗在抗击COVID-19的斗争中不断发展的前景。我们相信，这项技术将进一步在传染病领域发挥重要作用。本文旨在介绍mRNA疫苗的机制及其在传染病防治中的应用。

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引用次数: 0

Circadian rhythm of mosquitoes: Blood feeding and disease transmission 蚊子的昼夜节律：吸血和疾病传播

Decoding Infection and Transmission

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcit.2025.100050

Chanuka Wijewardana , Yunxuan Chen , Yinghui Zhou , Chenxuan Jiang , Donghui Zhang , Min Hou , Zhipeng Xu , Lu Chen , MinJun Ji , Lin Chen

The circadian rhythm refers to the adjustment of behavioural rhythms of organisms' to the environmental cues. The rhythm adjusting and maintaining is done through an internal timekeeping mechanism. The timekeeping mechanism is governed through a series of translational transcription feedback loops that obtain the environmental cues from outside and translate them to behavioural rhythms through a series of neurotransmitters and gene transcriptions. The behavioural rhythms are essential for the animals to stay in optimal conditions. The circadian rhythm is especially important for blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, to adjust their feeding times to the optimal time window of the day. The time window depends on host availability, evasion of predators, and other factors like humidity and temperature. This process ensures the optimum feeding and maximum efficiency in the parasite transmission. This mechanism plays an important role in the mosquito-borne disease transmission. Furthermore, due to the blood meal-induced processes such as trypsin activation and vitellogenesis, the time of blood meal might affect the mosquito's survival and reproductive health. The circadian timekeeping mechanism depends on external environmental cues. The changing of the environmental conditions due to climatic change and human intervention may alter the circadian behavioural rhythms and make erratic behaviours that are hard to predict and, in turn preventing the spread of mosquito-borne diseases. In here, we look into the circadian patterns in blood feeding in mosquitoes, the impact of environmental factors, the genetic control, and how it might contribute to the disease transmission.

昼夜节律是指生物体根据环境因素对行为节律的调整。节奏的调整和保持是通过内部计时机制完成的。这种计时机制是通过一系列的翻译转录反馈循环来控制的，这些循环从外部获取环境信号，并通过一系列的神经递质和基因转录将其转化为行为节律。行为节奏对动物保持最佳状态至关重要。昼夜节律对于吸血节肢动物（如蚊子）来说尤其重要，可以将它们的进食时间调整到一天中的最佳时间窗口。时间窗口取决于宿主的可用性、躲避捕食者以及湿度和温度等其他因素。这一过程确保了最佳的摄食和寄生虫传播的最高效率。这一机制在蚊媒疾病传播中起着重要作用。此外，由于血餐诱导胰蛋白酶激活和卵黄形成等过程，血餐时间可能影响蚊子的生存和生殖健康。昼夜节律计时机制取决于外部环境线索。气候变化和人为干预造成的环境条件变化可能改变昼夜行为节奏，造成难以预测的不稳定行为，从而防止蚊媒疾病的传播。在这里，我们研究蚊子吸血的昼夜节律模式，环境因素的影响，基因控制，以及它是如何导致疾病传播的。

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引用次数: 0

Genotype switching in hepatitis B virus as a potential risk for vertical transmission from mother-to-child was first reported 乙型肝炎病毒基因型转换作为母婴垂直传播的潜在风险首次被报道

Decoding Infection and Transmission

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcit.2025.100040

Li Zhang , Guanyong Ou , Yong Chen , Jiumeng Min , Yanjie Li , Liuqing Yang , Jiexiang Liu , Lei Jiang , Zitao Xie , Jinmin Ma , Yingxia Liu

Objective

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection represents a significant global public health concern and is endemic in numerous populations. In China, mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) remains the predominant route of HBV infection. The administration of the Hepatitis B vaccine and Hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) to neonates born to mothers with chronic HBV infection constitutes the primary strategy to mitigate the risk of perinatal transmission. Nevertheless, elevated maternal viral loads are a critical risk factor for vertical transmission of HBV, even when infants are immunized at birth and treated with HBIG.

Methods

In this study, we enrolled 32 mother-child pairs with confirmed vertical transmission of HBV. Despite antiviral therapy administered to three pregnant women, which successfully reduced their viral loads below the threshold (HBV DNA <5.3 log10 IU/mL) within 24 weeks of pregnancy, their infants still contracted HBV despite receiving immunization and HBIG at birth.

Results

Utilizing next-generation sequencing (NGS) and comprehensive HBV genomic analysis, we identified that 28 pairs (87.5 %) were infected with HBV genotype B2, three pairs (9.3 %) with genotype C1, and three pairs (9.3 %) exhibited genotype switching.

Conclusion

This study is the first to report the phenomenon of HBV genotype switching during MTCT, with the underlying mechanisms explored through the analysis of HBV quasispecies haplotypes.

目的乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）感染是一个重要的全球公共卫生问题，并在许多人群中流行。在中国，母婴传播（MTCT）仍然是HBV感染的主要途径。对慢性乙肝病毒感染母亲所生的新生儿接种乙肝疫苗和乙肝免疫球蛋白（HBIG）是降低围产期传播风险的主要策略。然而，母体病毒载量升高是HBV垂直传播的关键危险因素，即使婴儿在出生时接种疫苗并接受HBIG治疗。方法本研究纳入32对HBV垂直传播的母婴。尽管对三名孕妇进行了抗病毒治疗，成功地在怀孕24周内将病毒载量降至阈值以下（HBV DNA 5.3 log10 IU/mL），但她们的婴儿尽管在出生时接受了免疫接种和HBIG，但仍感染了HBV。结果利用新一代测序（NGS）和全面的HBV基因组分析，我们发现28对（87.5%）感染HBV基因型B2, 3对（9.3%）感染基因型C1, 3对（9.3%）出现基因型转换。结论本研究首次报道了MTCT过程中HBV基因型转换现象，并通过对HBV准种单倍型的分析探讨了其潜在机制。

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引用次数: 0

Establishment and characterization of a novel cell line from Culex tritaeniorhynchus for arbovirus and arthropod-specific virus research 用于虫媒病毒和节肢动物特异性病毒研究的三带喙库蚊新细胞系的建立和鉴定

Decoding Infection and Transmission

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcit.2025.100063

Xiaoyu Wang , Xueting Wang , Qun Wu , Wei Chen , Shunlong Wang , Doudou Huang , Zhiming Yuan , Han Xia , Fei Wang

Objective

To establish and systematically characterize a contemporary cell line derived from Culex. tritaeniorhynchus collected in Hubei Province, China, with the goal of providing a standardized in vitro tool for investigations into mosquito biology and the molecular interactions between mosquitoes and mosquito-borne viruses (MBVs).

Methods

Primary cell cultures were initiated from embryonic tissues of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus. Following continuous subculture for more than 50 passages, cell morphology and growth kinetics were recorded. Species identity was verified by sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene. Susceptibility to eight arboviruses and two arthropod-specific viruses (ASVs) was evaluated using qRT-PCR, plaque assay and immunofluorescent staining. Transfection efficiency for eGFP expression was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy.

Results

A stable cell line, designated CtrE1, was successfully established. The cells displayed uniform spindle-shaped morphology and maintained exponential growth (doubling time ranging from approximately 31 to 43 h). Molecular authentication confirmed Cx. tritaeniorhynchus origin. CtrE1 supported robust replication of six arboviruses and two arthropod-specific viruses, with genome copies reaching ≥10⁷ copies μL^-1 for Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), Tembusu virus (TMUV) and Ebinur Lake virus (EBIV) within five days post-infection (dpi). Moderate transient eGFP expression was also achieved following plasmid transfection.

Conclusion

CtrE1 was the first Cx. tritaeniorhynchus cell line derived from a contemporary Chinese population. Its broad virus susceptibility and genetic tractability provide a valuable in vitro platform for investigating mosquito–virus interactions, viral surveillance, and control strategies against JEV and other MBVs.

目的建立库蚊当代细胞系并对其进行系统鉴定。目的是为研究蚊子生物学以及蚊子与蚊媒病毒（mbv）之间的分子相互作用提供标准化的体外工具。方法采用原代细胞培养法，从豚鼠胚胎组织中培养。tritaeniorhynchus。连续传代50代以上，记录细胞形态和生长动力学。通过线粒体细胞色素氧化酶I （COI）基因测序验证了物种身份。采用qRT-PCR、空斑测定和免疫荧光染色等方法对8种虫媒病毒和2种节肢动物特异性病毒（asv）进行易感性评价。荧光显微镜检测eGFP的转染效率。结果成功建立了CtrE1稳定细胞株。细胞呈均匀的纺锤形，呈指数增长（倍增时间约为31 ~ 43 h）。分子鉴定证实为Cx。tritaeniorhynchus来源。CtrE1支持6种虫媒病毒和2种节肢动物特异性病毒的强复制，在感染后5天（dpi）内，日本脑炎病毒（JEV）、坦布苏病毒（TMUV）和艾比湖病毒（EBIV）的基因组拷贝量达到≥107拷贝μL-1。质粒转染后也实现了中度瞬时eGFP表达。结论ctre1为第一Cx。三带喙鸟细胞系来源于当代中国人。其广泛的病毒易感性和遗传易感性为研究蚊子与病毒的相互作用、病毒监测以及针对乙脑病毒和其他mbv的控制策略提供了有价值的体外平台。

{"title":"Establishment and characterization of a novel cell line from Culex tritaeniorhynchus for arbovirus and arthropod-specific virus research","authors":"Xiaoyu Wang , Xueting Wang , Qun Wu , Wei Chen , Shunlong Wang , Doudou Huang , Zhiming Yuan , Han Xia , Fei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.dcit.2025.100063","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcit.2025.100063","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To establish and systematically characterize a contemporary cell line derived from <em>C</em><em>ule</em><em>x. tritaeniorhynchus</em> collected in Hubei Province, China, with the goal of providing a standardized in vitro tool for investigations into mosquito biology and the molecular interactions between mosquitoes and mosquito-borne viruses (MBVs).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Primary cell cultures were initiated from embryonic tissues of <em>Cx. tritaeniorhynchus</em>. Following continuous subculture for more than 50 passages, cell morphology and growth kinetics were recorded. Species identity was verified by sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene. Susceptibility to eight arboviruses and two arthropod-specific viruses (ASVs) was evaluated using qRT-PCR, plaque assay and immunofluorescent staining. Transfection efficiency for eGFP expression was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A stable cell line, designated CtrE1, was successfully established. The cells displayed uniform spindle-shaped morphology and maintained exponential growth (doubling time ranging from approximately 31 to 43 h). Molecular authentication confirmed <em>Cx. tritaeniorhynchus</em> origin. CtrE1 supported robust replication of six arboviruses and two arthropod-specific viruses, with genome copies reaching ≥10<sup>7</sup> copies μL<sup>-1</sup> for Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), Tembusu virus (TMUV) and Ebinur Lake virus (EBIV) within five days post-infection (dpi). Moderate transient eGFP expression was also achieved following plasmid transfection.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>CtrE1 was the first <em>Cx. tritaeniorhynchus</em> cell line derived from a contemporary Chinese population. Its broad virus susceptibility and genetic tractability provide a valuable in vitro platform for investigating mosquito–virus interactions, viral surveillance, and control strategies against JEV and other MBVs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100358,"journal":{"name":"Decoding Infection and Transmission","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100063"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145692938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Chromosome-level genome assembly, reannotation and decoding of a Trichomonas vaginalis clinical isolate from Shiyan, Central China 华中十堰阴道毛滴虫临床分离株的染色体级基因组组装、重新注释和解码

Decoding Infection and Transmission

Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcit.2024.100023

Yanqing Zhao , Yinjie Lian , Wei Guan , Peng Wu , Shuguo Yang , Jian Li

Introduction

Trichomonas vaginalis trophozoite is a pathogen that causes trichomoniasis, the most common neglected sexually transmitted disease. The reference genome of T. vaginalis is derived from the G3 strain. Although many strains are widely present in China, no genomic information is available for relevant studies.

Methods

Clinical T. vaginalis isolates were collected, cultured and sequenced via the next-generation Illumina, SMRT DNA sequencing platform and chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) technologies.

Results

The present assembled TV-THS1 genome, spanning 185.45 Mb, was comprised of 934 contigs with a contig N50 length of 467.79 kb anchored to six pseudochromosomes, accounting for more than 88 % of the assembled genome (164.56 Mb). The genome included 24,691 protein-coding genes, 24,376 of which (98.72 %) were functionally interpreted. A total of 131.74 Mb (71.03 %) of the assembled sequences were identified as repetitive sequences, and 5302 corresponding genes were annotated in Maverick elements. Compared with the published T. vaginalis G3 reference genome, substantial differences have been revealed. Comparative genome analysis revealed that genes related to expansion during evolution mainly participated in cell adhesion and the biosynthesis of specialized metabolites, such as those involved in binding and catalytic activity.

Conclusions

A chromosome-level reference T. vaginalis TV-THS1 genome was obtained, providing comprehensive insight into T. vaginalis evolution and the molecular mechanisms of T. vaginalis pathogenicity. This work offers valuable data for pathogen-host interaction analysis, clinical diagnosis, treatment and prevention of trichomoniasis.

导言阴道毛滴虫滋养体是一种导致滴虫病的病原体，是最常见的被忽视的性传播疾病。阴道毛滴虫的参考基因组来自 G3 株。方法通过新一代Illumina、SMRT DNA测序平台和染色体构象捕获（Hi-C）技术对临床阴道球菌分离株进行收集、培养和测序。结果目前组装的 TV-THS1 基因组跨度为 185.45 Mb，由 934 个等位基因组成，等位基因 N50 长度为 467.79 kb，锚定在 6 个假染色体上，占组装基因组（164.56 Mb）的 88% 以上。基因组包括 24,691 个蛋白质编码基因，其中 24,376 个（98.72 %）有功能解释。共有 131.74 Mb（71.03 %）的组装序列被鉴定为重复序列，5302 个相应基因被注释为 Maverick 元素。与已发表的阴道球菌 G3 参考基因组相比，发现了巨大的差异。结论获得了染色体组水平的阴道球菌TV-THS1参考基因组，为阴道球菌的进化和致病分子机制提供了全面的信息。这项工作为滴虫病的病原体-宿主相互作用分析、临床诊断、治疗和预防提供了宝贵的数据。

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引用次数: 0