Decoding Infection and Transmission最新文献_第2页

Genome-wide identification of characteristic nucleotide fragments for surveillance and subtype typing of influenza A viruses 用于甲型流感病毒监测和亚型分型的特征核苷酸片段全基因组鉴定

Decoding Infection and Transmission

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcit.2025.100056

Jingze Liu , Xu Zhang , Shicheng Li , Xiao Ding

Objective

Influenza A viruses, members of the Orthomyxoviridae family, are major causative agents of past flu pandemics and can infect a wide range of hosts depending on their hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) gene combinations. This study aimed to identify genome-wide characteristic nucleotide fragments for rapid detection and subtype typing of influenza A viruses from large-scale genomic data.

Methods

Complete influenza genome sequences were analyzed to identify candidate characteristic fragments specific to influenza A viruses. The fragments were evaluated based on conservation probability, coverage, and specificity across different viral species, subtypes, and hosts. High-coverage fragments were selected for further analysis. Multiplex PCR primers were then designed based on the selected fragments, and their predictive performance was assessed via in silico PCR.

Results

Characteristic fragments from the M gene (20–40 bp) distinguished influenza A viruses with >92 % coverage and >99 % specificity. Forty-four fragments from the HA gene were identified across 26 subtypes, indicating the HA gene's utility for subtype differentiation. Regarding host specificity, canine-derived strains contained unique 20–40 bp fragments, the avian-specific fragment was 20 bp, and no such fragments were detected in other hosts. The designed primers achieved >98 % predicted accuracy for universal detection (M gene) and for H1N1- and H3N2-specific subtypes.

Conclusion

Genome-wide screening of influenza A virus sequences identified highly conserved and subtype-specific nucleotide fragments that enable rapid detection and precise subtyping. These findings provide a valuable resource for molecular surveillance and diagnostic assay development.

甲型流感病毒是正黏液病毒科的成员，是过去流感大流行的主要病原体，可通过其血凝素（HA）和神经氨酸酶（NA）基因组合感染广泛的宿主。本研究旨在从大规模基因组数据中鉴定全基因组特征核苷酸片段，用于甲型流感病毒的快速检测和亚型分型。方法对流感病毒全基因组序列进行分析，鉴定甲型流感病毒特异性候选特征片段。根据不同病毒种类、亚型和宿主的保护概率、覆盖范围和特异性对这些片段进行评估。选择高覆盖率的片段进行进一步分析。然后根据选择的片段设计多重PCR引物，并通过硅质PCR评估其预测性能。结果M基因特征片段（20 ~ 40 bp）可区分甲型流感病毒，覆盖率为92%，特异性为99%。从26个亚型中鉴定出44个HA基因片段，表明HA基因在亚型分化中的效用。在宿主特异性方面，犬源菌株含有20 - 40 bp的独特片段，禽源菌株含有20 bp的独特片段，而在其他宿主中未检测到此类片段。设计的引物在通用检测（M基因）和H1N1-和h3n2特异性亚型中达到98%的预测准确率。结论甲型流感病毒序列的全基因组筛选鉴定出高度保守和亚型特异性的核苷酸片段，可实现快速检测和精确分型。这些发现为分子监测和诊断分析的发展提供了宝贵的资源。

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引用次数: 0

Genomic insights into disease vectors: Divergent evolution of mosquitoes, tsetse flies, sand flies and kissing bugs 对疾病载体的基因组见解：蚊子、采采蝇、沙蝇和吻虫的不同进化

Decoding Infection and Transmission

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcit.2025.100053

Lifeng Du , Jingwen Wang

Vector-borne diseases pose major global health challenges, with mosquitoes, tsetse flies, and sand flies serving as key insect vectors. This review explores the genomic basis of hematophagy, reproduction, and vector competence across these species. Comparative analyses reveal significant differences in genome size, transposable element content, chemosensory gene repertoires, immune pathways, and symbiotic associations. Mosquitoes possess large, transposable elements (TEs)-rich genomes and expanded antiviral gene families, supporting broad arbovirus transmission. Tsetse flies exhibit compact genomes with viviparous adaptations and obligate symbiosis aiding trypanosome transmission. Sand flies display streamlined genomes with species-specific immune responses and salivary factors that facilitate Leishmania infection. Kissing bugs, with moderate fecundity, lineage-specific immune adaptations, transmit Trypanosoma cruzi across species. These findings highlight how genomic architecture shapes vectorial capacity, offering insights for targeted disease control.

病媒传播的疾病构成了重大的全球卫生挑战，蚊子、采采蝇和沙蝇是主要的昆虫媒介。这篇综述探讨了这些物种的噬血、繁殖和媒介能力的基因组基础。比较分析揭示了基因组大小、转座因子含量、化学感觉基因库、免疫途径和共生关联的显著差异。蚊子具有大的、富含转座因子（TEs）的基因组和扩展的抗病毒基因家族，支持广泛的虫媒病毒传播。采采蝇表现出紧凑的基因组，具有胎生适应性和专性共生，有助于锥虫的传播。沙蝇显示具有物种特异性免疫反应的流线型基因组和促进利什曼原虫感染的唾液因子。接吻虫具有中等繁殖力和谱系特异性免疫适应性，可跨物种传播克氏锥虫。这些发现强调了基因组结构如何塑造媒介能力，为有针对性的疾病控制提供了见解。

引用次数: 0

Recurrent cholera outbreaks in Nigeria: A review of the underlying factors and redress 尼日利亚反复爆发霍乱：对潜在因素和补救措施的审查

Decoding Infection and Transmission

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcit.2025.100042

Ikechukwu Emmanuel Onwunta , Gerald Obinna Ozota , Chizaram Adaeze Eze , Izuchukwu Favour Obilom , Onyeka Chinenye Okoli , Cynthia Nneka Azih , Christabel Ogechukwu Okoye , Ebube Lilian Agbo

Cholera outbreaks remain a matter of public health since this outbreak of the epidemic is experienced almost every year. In June 2024, the African Region had registered 7964 new cases of cholera across 11 countries, and 1094 of them were from Nigeria. Although several advancements have been made towards reducing cholera outbreaks, its recurrence in 2024 highlights the challenges in its management. This study explores the underlying factors responsible for recurring cholera outbreaks in Nigeria and formulates practical recommendations for its prevention and control in the long term. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using Google Scholar and PubMed, including studies that discussed cholera outbreaks, contributing factors, and control strategies, especially in Nigeria. The implications and challenges of recurrent cholera outbreaks in Nigeria were also examined from the literature, and recommendations were given. The study identified some of the implications of these outbreaks on the country, including increased mortality rates, the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant Vibrio cholerae strains, and socioeconomic implications. The major challenges hindering effective cholera management were found to be vaccination uptake, late diagnosis and management, unpreparedness of the healthcare system, environmental factors and lack of government will. Mitigating these drivers of recurring outbreaks in Nigeria is crucial to creating more targeted and more efficient prevention and control measures. Recommendations have been made to combat this menace and achieve long-term eradication in Nigeria, which include enhancing the infrastructure for water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH), expanding the reach of vaccinations, surveillance and rapid response systems and resolving socioeconomic and environmental factors.

霍乱疫情仍然是一个公共卫生问题，因为这种流行病几乎每年都会发生。2024年6月，非洲区域在11个国家共登记了7964例霍乱新病例，其中1094例来自尼日利亚。尽管在减少霍乱暴发方面取得了若干进展，但2024年霍乱的再次爆发凸显了其管理方面的挑战。本研究探讨了导致尼日利亚霍乱反复暴发的潜在因素，并为长期预防和控制霍乱提出了切实可行的建议。利用谷歌Scholar和PubMed进行了全面的文献检索，包括讨论霍乱爆发、影响因素和控制策略的研究，特别是在尼日利亚。还根据文献审查了尼日利亚霍乱反复爆发的影响和挑战，并提出了建议。该研究确定了这些疫情对该国的一些影响，包括死亡率上升、耐药性霍乱弧菌菌株的出现以及社会经济影响。发现阻碍有效霍乱管理的主要挑战是接种疫苗、诊断和管理晚、卫生保健系统准备不足、环境因素和政府缺乏意愿。减轻尼日利亚疫情反复发生的这些驱动因素对于制定更有针对性和更有效的预防和控制措施至关重要。为在尼日利亚抗击这一威胁并实现长期根除该病提出了建议，其中包括加强水、环境卫生和个人卫生（WASH）基础设施，扩大疫苗接种、监测和快速反应系统的覆盖范围，以及解决社会经济和环境因素。

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引用次数: 0

Sexual development in apicomplexan parasites: past and future 顶复合体寄生物的性发育：过去与未来

Decoding Infection and Transmission

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcit.2025.100054

Yongle Song , Haiqiong Yu , Shenquan Liao , Minna Lv , Xuhui Lin , Haiming Cai , Xiangjie Chen , Yibin Zhu , Jianfei Zhang , Nanshan Qi , Juan Li , Mingfei Sun

Sexual development is an important process in eukaryotic organisms that involves the fusion of gametes to produce genetically diverse offspring. In apicomplexan parasites, sexual development is crucial for their life cycle and transmission. This paper reviews historical advancements in the understanding of sexual development in these parasites and discusses future research directions. Key discoveries related to gamete production, fertilization, and the formation of infectious stages are explored. Additionally, potential avenues for further investigation are proposed, including the molecular mechanisms governing sexual development, the role of host factors, and the influence of environmental cues. This review aims to help future research and improve our understanding of the complex sexual development processes in apicomplexan parasites by highlighting past achievements and outlining future research directions.

性发育是真核生物的一个重要过程，涉及配子融合以产生遗传多样性的后代。在顶复合体寄生虫中，性发育对其生命周期和传播至关重要。本文综述了寄生蜂性发育研究的历史进展，并对今后的研究方向进行了展望。关键发现有关配子的生产，受精，和形成的感染阶段进行了探讨。此外，还提出了进一步研究的潜在途径，包括控制性发育的分子机制、宿主因素的作用以及环境因素的影响。本文旨在通过总结过去的研究成果和展望未来的研究方向，为今后的研究提供参考，提高对顶复体寄生虫复杂性发育过程的认识。

引用次数: 0

Current therapies and advances in the development pipeline of pre-erythrocytic preventive drugs 红细胞前预防药物的治疗现状及发展进展

Decoding Infection and Transmission

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcit.2025.100064

Nie Tan , Yuanli Gao , Wenyue Xu , Taiping Liu

Malaria prevention remains a cornerstone strategy for reducing global mortality and morbidity. Although the two World Health Organization (WHO)-recommended pre-erythrocytic malaria vaccines, RTS,S/AS01 and R21/Matrix-M, demonstrate substantial reductions in disease burden, they exhibit only partial efficacy and fail to provide sterilizing immunity against clinical malaria. As a result, chemotherapies targeting the pre-erythrocytic stage are critical for comprehensive prevention. However, compared to erythrocytic-stage interventions, the availability of prophylactic drugs against exoerythrocytic forms (EEFs), particularly hypnozoites, is limited. Existing agents also face significant challenges from drug-resistant Plasmodium strains, which compromise clinical efficacy. Therefore, there is an urgent need for pre-erythrocytic prophylactics to complement or replace current preventive chemotherapy regimens. In this review, we comprehensively summarize recent advances in the development of pre-erythrocytic prophylactic drugs and outline target product profiles for next-generation agents. We also discuss strategies to expand the repertoire of preventive chemotherapy and describe successful discovery paradigms for compounds targeting the pre-erythrocytic stage.

预防疟疾仍然是降低全球死亡率和发病率的基石战略。尽管世界卫生组织（世卫组织）推荐的两种红细胞前疟疾疫苗RTS （S/AS01和R21/Matrix-M）显示出疾病负担的大幅减少，但它们仅显示出部分功效，无法提供针对临床疟疾的消毒免疫。因此，针对红细胞前阶段的化疗是全面预防的关键。然而，与红细胞阶段干预相比，针对外红细胞形式（EEFs）的预防性药物的可用性，特别是催眠子，是有限的。现有的药物也面临着来自耐药疟原虫菌株的重大挑战，这损害了临床疗效。因此，迫切需要红细胞前预防药物来补充或取代目前的预防性化疗方案。在这篇综述中，我们全面总结了红细胞前预防药物的最新进展，并概述了下一代药物的目标产品概况。我们还讨论了扩大预防性化疗的策略，并描述了针对红细胞前阶段的化合物的成功发现范例。

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引用次数: 0

The prevalence, impact, and control measures of brucellosis in Nigeria: An analytical study 尼日利亚布鲁氏菌病的流行、影响和控制措施：一项分析研究

Decoding Infection and Transmission

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcit.2025.100046

Joshua Femi Oluwadele , Anthony Ekeocha , Ezekiel Olukunle Akinwumi

Objective

This study aimed to assess the prevalence, economic impact, and control measures of brucellosis in livestock and humans across four Nigerian states (Lagos, Kano, Oyo, and Kaduna) from 2018 to 2020.

Methods

Data were collected through stratified random sampling, alongside secondary sources such as government reports and hospital records. Serological tests, including the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), were employed to detect Brucella antibodies in livestock and human samples. A total of 1200 livestock samples (400 per state) and 600 human samples (150 per state) were tested.

Results

The study revealed an increasing prevalence of brucellosis, with Kano and Kaduna exhibiting the highest incidence rates of 19 % and 16 %, respectively. Economic losses due to brucellosis were substantial, particularly in Kano, where losses amounted to $2.5 million annually; primarily from livestock value depreciation, veterinary expenses, and reduced productivity.

Conclusion

The findings underscore the necessity for a comprehensive approach to controlling brucellosis, including enhanced surveillance, vaccination programs, and public health education. A One Health approach is crucial to control the spread of the disease and reduce both its economic and public health impacts.

本研究旨在评估2018年至2020年尼日利亚四个州（拉各斯、卡诺、奥约和卡杜纳）牲畜和人类布鲁氏菌病的流行情况、经济影响和控制措施。方法采用分层随机抽样法，结合政府报告、医院病历等二手资料。血清学试验，包括玫瑰孟加拉平板试验（RBPT）和酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA），用于检测牲畜和人样本中的布鲁氏菌抗体。总共测试了1200个牲畜样本（每个州400个）和600个人类样本（每个州150个）。结果研究显示，布鲁氏菌病的流行率不断上升，其中卡诺和卡杜纳的发病率最高，分别为19%和16%。布鲁氏菌病造成的经济损失是巨大的，特别是在卡诺，每年损失达250万美元；主要来自牲畜价值贬值、兽医费用和生产力下降。结论研究结果强调了采取综合方法控制布鲁氏菌病的必要性，包括加强监测、疫苗接种规划和公共卫生教育。“同一个健康”方针对于控制该疾病的传播和减少其经济和公共卫生影响至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

A novel approach to disease modeling: The SEIVR model with a vulnerable compartment 一种新的疾病建模方法：带有易损隔室的SEIVR模型

Decoding Infection and Transmission

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcit.2025.100051

Santosh CJ, Anurag Shakya

Background

The SEIR model is a cornerstone in epidemiology and offers insights into the spread of infectious diseases. It extends the basic SIR model to include an Exposed (E) compartment, to account for the incubation period of diseases. However, the traditional SEIR model falls short in addressing varying disease severity, particularly the need for hospitalization, which is crucial for understanding the full impact of a disease outbreak.

Objective

This study aims to increase the predictive power of the traditional SEIR model by introducing a Vulnerable (V) compartment, thus creating the SEIVR model. This new compartment captures individuals who are exposed to a transmitted disease and require hospitalization to recover, thereby providing a more nuanced view of disease progression.

Methods

To develop the SEIVR model, we modified the SEIR framework to include the Vulnerable (V) compartment. We used differential equations to describe the transitions between compartments. Parameter estimation was performed using least squares fitting, and the model was rigorously validated against real-world data to ensure its accuracy in predicting hospitalizations and healthcare demands.

Results

The SEIVR model accurately predicted the progression of disease and its impact on healthcare resources. Model predictions closely mirrored the observed data, thus showcasing its effectiveness in estimating new cases, hospitalizations, and recoveries. This validation underscores the capability of the model to provide a realistic representation of disease dynamics to inform public health interventions.

Conclusion

With the addition of the Vulnerable compartment, the SEIVR model offers a more precise and comprehensive understanding of disease dynamics. It excels in predicting new cases, hospitalizations, and recoveries, making it an invaluable tool for public health planning and resource allocation. This model is particularly beneficial for diseases which may require hospitalization, such as COVID-19, thus enhancing the accuracy of predictions of healthcare demand.

SEIR模型是流行病学的基石，并提供了对传染病传播的见解。它扩展了基本的SIR模型，包括一个暴露(E)室，以考虑疾病的潜伏期。然而，传统的SEIR模型在处理不同的疾病严重程度方面存在不足，特别是住院治疗的需要，这对于了解疾病爆发的全面影响至关重要。目的通过引入脆弱区（Vulnerable， V）来提高传统SEIR模型的预测能力，从而建立SEIVR模型。这种新的隔室捕获暴露于传播疾病并需要住院治疗以恢复的个体，从而提供了对疾病进展的更细致入微的看法。方法为了建立SEIR模型，我们修改了SEIR框架，加入了易受伤害(V)区隔。我们用微分方程来描述隔室之间的过渡。使用最小二乘拟合进行参数估计，并根据实际数据对模型进行严格验证，以确保其预测住院和医疗保健需求的准确性。结果SEIVR模型能准确预测疾病进展及其对医疗资源的影响。模型预测密切反映了观察到的数据，从而显示了其在估计新病例、住院和康复方面的有效性。这一验证强调了该模型能够提供疾病动态的现实表现，从而为公共卫生干预提供信息。结论加入易损区后，SEIVR模型对疾病动力学有了更精确和全面的理解。它在预测新病例、住院和康复方面表现出色，使其成为公共卫生规划和资源分配的宝贵工具。该模型尤其适用于可能需要住院治疗的疾病，例如COVID-19，从而提高了医疗需求预测的准确性。

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引用次数: 0

Recurring diphtheria outbreaks in Nigeria: A holistic review of challenges, knowledge and strategic recommendations for control 尼日利亚反复出现的白喉疫情：全面审查控制方面的挑战、知识和战略建议

Decoding Infection and Transmission

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcit.2025.100057

Adelekan Oluseyi Okunlade , Ridwan Olamilekan Adesola , Ibrahim Idris , Foluke Olajumoke Jemilehin

Diphtheria is a vaccine-preventable bacterial disease that has contributed to the large number of deaths in Nigeria. There have been numerous outbreaks after the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the challenges associated with this occurrence have not been well studied in Nigeria. In this study, we aimed to extensively review the challenges and knowledge gaps associated with the spread of diphtheria in Nigeria, while providing holistic approaches to tackle this menace. Several challenges have been identified contributing to the spread of diphtheria in Nigeria. These challenges were categorized into systemic, social, and environmental categories. Addressing these challenges with a holistic and multifaceted approach, as highlighted in this review, will curb the spread and eradicate diphtheria completely in Nigeria and other parts of the world.

白喉是一种疫苗可预防的细菌性疾病，在尼日利亚造成大量死亡。在2019冠状病毒病大流行之后，发生了多次疫情。然而，在尼日利亚，与这一事件有关的挑战尚未得到很好的研究。在这项研究中，我们旨在广泛审查与尼日利亚白喉传播相关的挑战和知识差距，同时提供解决这一威胁的整体方法。已经确定了促进尼日利亚白喉传播的若干挑战。这些挑战可分为系统、社会和环境三大类。正如本次审查所强调的那样，以全面和多方面的方法应对这些挑战，将在尼日利亚和世界其他地区遏制白喉的传播并彻底根除白喉。

引用次数: 0

Trends in the minimum inhibitory concentrations for four agents against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in bloodstream infections in China: a 6-year multi-center study from 2017 to 2022 中国血液感染中四种药物对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌最低抑制浓度的趋势：一项为期6年的多中心研究(2017 - 2022

Decoding Infection and Transmission

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcit.2025.100052

Bing Lu , Wenjiao Chang , Huaiwei Lu , Zhengchao Nie , Yongqin Wu , Xiaoling Ma , Yunbo Chen , Xiaofang Wang , Yangyan Wang , Yonghong Xiao , Yuanyuan Dai

Objective

Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia is a critical and pernicious infection, and in particular methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is increasing in treatment failure. This study analyzed trends in the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of limited antimicrobials against MRSA bloodstream isolates in China; specifically, the antibiotics vancomycin, daptomycin, linezolid, and teicoplanin.

Methods

A total of 3901 S. aureus blood isolates, including 1065 MRSA isolates, were collected from ten Chinese provinces between 2017 and 2022. Broth microdilution was used to establish the MICs for the four antimicrobials. The geometric mean MICs (GM MICs), MIC50s (inhibition of 50 % of S. aureus), MIC90s (inhibition of 90 % of S. aureus), and MICs distribution were determined for each year.

Results

The geometric mean inhibitory concentration of vancomycin for MRSA isolates increased from 0.58 mg/L in 2018 to 1.01 mg/L by 2022; and that of linezolid decreased from 1.52 mg/L in 2017 to 0.94 mg/L in 2022. Daptomycin and teicoplanin demonstrated no clear trends. MRSA isolates with vancomycin MICs ≤0.5 mg/mL significantly decreased from 77.1 % in 2018 to 8.8 % in 2022. For linezolid, those with MICs >1 and ≤ 2 mg/L also decreased from 62.8 % in 2017 to 26.1 % in 2022. The highest geometric mean MICs of daptomycin, linezolid, vancomycin, and teicoplanin were respectively seen in Yunnan (0.465 mg/L), Henan (1.368 mg/L), Gansu (0.908 mg/L), and Hubei (0.579 mg/L); whereas the lowest values were observed in Jiangxi (0.355 mg/L), Yunnan (0.896 mg/L), Yunnan (0.600 mg/L), and Henan (0.438 mg/L). MRSA isolates originating from tertiary care hospitals exhibited lower sensitivity for teicoplanin than those from non-tertiary care hospitals.

Conclusions

MRSA isolates from bloodstream infections in China are presently showing lower sensitivity to vancomycin and higher sensitivity to linezolid.

目的金黄色葡萄球菌菌血症是一种严重的恶性感染，尤其是耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）的治疗失败率越来越高。本研究分析了中国有限抗菌药物对MRSA血液分离株的最低抑菌浓度（mic）趋势；特别是抗生素万古霉素、达托霉素、利奈唑胺和替柯普兰。方法2017 - 2022年在中国10个省份采集3901株金黄色葡萄球菌血分离株，其中MRSA 1065株。采用微量肉汤稀释法建立4种抗菌素的mic。测定每年的几何平均mic （GM mic）、mic 50（抑制50%金黄色葡萄球菌）、mic 90（抑制90%金黄色葡萄球菌）和mic分布。结果万古霉素对MRSA分离株的几何平均抑制浓度由2018年的0.58 mg/L上升至2022年的1.01 mg/L；利奈唑胺含量由2017年的1.52 mg/L降至2022年的0.94 mg/L。达托霉素和替柯普兰无明显趋势。万古霉素mic≤0.5 mg/mL的MRSA分离株从2018年的77.1%显著下降至2022年的8.8%。对于利奈唑胺，mic为1和≤2 mg/L的患者也从2017年的62.8%下降到2022年的26.1%。达托霉素、利奈唑胺、万古霉素和替柯planin几何平均mic最高的地区分别为云南（0.465 mg/L）、河南（1.368 mg/L）、甘肃（0.908 mg/L）和湖北（0.579 mg/L）；江西（0.355 mg/L）、云南（0.896 mg/L）、云南（0.600 mg/L）、河南（0.438 mg/L）最低。来自三级医院的MRSA分离株对替柯planin的敏感性低于来自非三级医院的MRSA分离株。结论中国血液感染的smrsa分离株对万古霉素敏感性较低，对利奈唑胺敏感性较高。

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引用次数: 0

The implications of Mpox for healthcare Providers: Understanding transmission, clinical presentation, and infection control m痘对医疗保健提供者的影响：了解传播、临床表现和感染控制

Decoding Infection and Transmission

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcit.2025.100049

Promise Udohchukwu Okereke , Mohamed Terra , Wisdom Obumneme Okereke , David Obiyenwa , Collins Chidera Uche , Anthony Chukwuebuka Okeke , Emmanuel Onyekachukwu Okwor , Oladayo Damilola Akinwale

Mpox, formerly known as monkeypox, is a zoonotic viral disease caused by the Monkeypox virus, a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus. Since the 2022 global outbreak, the virus has been increasingly reported in non-endemic regions, with evidence supporting person-to-person transmission, including through sexual contact. By August 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared Mpox a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) due to its rapid international spread. This review synthesizes the current understanding of Mpox transmission dynamics, clinical presentation, and the role of healthcare providers, including clinicians, dentists, and nurses, in its detection and control. A narrative review was conducted using scientific literature indexed in PubMed, WHO reports, and CDC guidelines from 2017 to 2024. The review highlights the need for increased awareness of atypical presentations, including oral and genital lesions, which may initially be misdiagnosed. Special emphasis is placed on the responsibilities of dental and clinical professionals in early detection, infection prevention, and patient education. As cases continue to appear globally, a comprehensive understanding of Mpox is crucial to protect both patients and healthcare workers.

猴痘，以前称为猴痘，是一种由猴痘病毒引起的人畜共患病毒性疾病，猴痘病毒是正痘病毒属的一种。自2022年全球暴发以来，该病毒在非流行地区的报告越来越多，有证据支持人与人之间的传播，包括通过性接触传播。到2022年8月，由于麻疹在国际上的迅速传播，世界卫生组织（WHO）宣布麻疹为国际关注的突发公共卫生事件（PHEIC）。这篇综述综合了目前对m痘传播动态、临床表现以及包括临床医生、牙医和护士在内的卫生保健提供者在其检测和控制中的作用的理解。2017年至2024年，使用PubMed、世卫组织报告和CDC指南索引的科学文献进行了叙述性回顾。该综述强调需要提高对非典型表现的认识，包括口腔和生殖器病变，这些病变最初可能被误诊。特别强调牙科和临床专业人员在早期发现，感染预防和患者教育方面的责任。随着全球病例不断出现，全面了解麻疹对于保护患者和卫生保健工作者至关重要。

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引用次数: 0