Decoding Infection and Transmission最新文献

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

The emergence of locally transmitted Plasmodium vivax malaria in Florida from May to July 2023 underscores the persistent threat of malaria reintroduction in non-endemic regions. The increasing instances of imported malaria associated with international travel, alongside the existence of competent local vectors, emphasize the critical need for public health authorities in non-endemic countries to remain vigilant and well-prepared to sustain a malaria-free status.

Considered as the last defense line against Gram-negative bacteria, colistin is particularly effective against multiple drug-resistant bacteria such as multi-drug resistance (MDR) and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE). However, since the plasmid-mediated mobile colistin resistance-1 (mcr-1) was first reported in China in 2015, it has been widely detected from humans, animals, and the environment across 47 countries/regions worldwide by 2019, which has attracted the attention of the World Health Organization and global government departments, who formulated emergency strategies and interventions to contain its emergence and spread. At present, three kinds of colistin for clinical injection have been adopted in clinic in China. Due to drug pressure screening, the risk with Gram-negative bacteria developing resistance to colistin may corresponding increase. Therefore, rapid, accurate and sensitive detection methods are particularly needed. This review summarizes the prevalence of mcr-1, in addition to a diverse assortment of different detection techniques of colistin resistance, and analyzes the application scenarios, advantages, and challenges of different technologies, in order to provide a scientific evidence-based proof for the rapid detection of colistin resistance.

Background

HCV/HIV co-infections were initially a contentious consideration for liver transplantation, primarily due to their suboptimal response to interferon-based treatments and unfavorable post-transplantation outcomes. The potential concern in this patient group arises from drug–drug interactions between DAAs and ARVs, with data on the effectiveness and safety of DAAs in this demographic primarily derived from isolated case studies. This extensive review assesses the safety and efficacy of DAAs in liver transplants for individuals with concurrent HIV and HCV infections.

Methods

Conducting a systematic search across multiple databases until April 2023, our primary focus was the evaluation of outcomes, specifically the proportion of sustained virologic responses at week 12 following therapy (SVR12). To gauge publication bias, we scrutinized funnel plots and conducted Egger tests.

Results

Nine studies encompassed a participant pool of 269 individuals, with a statistical estimate of SVR12 at 92% (95% CI: 88–95). Subgroup analysis showed that the ratio of binding SVR12 of genotype (GT) 1a was 97% (95% CI: 87–100), while that of GT3 was 100% (95% CI: 92–100); 88% (95%CI: 80–95) for pre-transplant treatments; and 95% (95%CI: 91–99) for post-transplant treatments subgroup. A total of 8 patients died during SVR12 completion while 269 had a survival rate of 99% (95% CI 97–100). After one year of follow-up, four studies recorded a 98% survival rate (95% CI 94–100). Egger's test did not reveal any publication bias.

Conclusion

Administration of DAAs during liver transplantation for HCV patients with HIV infections has a high efficacy and safety. Early consideration of HCV therapy should be the goal for all liver transplant recipients.

Background

Death and poor outcome due to Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is greatly influenced by the delayed treatment initiation, which often occurs in lymphocytic meningitis (LM). This study aimed to propose an easy-to-use clinical prediction score that can accurately diagnose TBM among LM patients.

Methods

It was a prospective cohort study including all patients with LM hospitalized at the infectious diseases department in Southern Tunisia from 2008 to 2022 were included.

Results

Among 290 LM patients, 105 cases (36.2%) had TBM. By multivariate analysis, age ≥60 years, rural origin, symptom duration ≥5days, thrill, deteriorated general conditions, a hospital stay ≥ 10 days, complicated forms, blood white cells count <4000/mm3, CSF/blood glucose ratio<0.5, hydrocephalus and arachnoiditis were independent factors of TBM. Individual diagnosis indexes from 1 to 3 points were attributed to these factors to produce an overall score ranging from 0 to 16 points. At a cut-off of 7, the predictive score had a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area of 0.94, a sensitivity, a specificity and a diagnosis accuracy of respectively 81%, 91.4%, and 87.5%.

Conclusions

This original study proposed a novel scoring system that can reliably identify patients with TBM at hospital admission and could be easily used in clinical practice.

Gut flora plays an important role in infectious diseases such as malaria, but few studies are conducted in the associated filed of murine malaria infected with Plasmodium yoelii 17XNL (Py 17XNL). In this study, the alteration of intestinal flora composition in BALB/c mice infected with Py 17XNL was detected. The kinetics of parasitemia was assessed at 1, 6, 9, 15, 25, and 28 days postinfection (dpi). The survival percentage was calculated to assess the mortality. The parasitemia reached the highest degree at 9 dpi and almost eliminated at 25 dpi. Interestingly, the morbidity was severe at 9 dpi, but it almost recovered at 28 dpi. Regarding the gut microbiota, the gut microbiota from BALB/c mice was examined by sequencing the V4 region of the 16S rRNA through the Illumina MiSeq platform. The results revealed the apparent variation of operational taxonomic unit (OTU) clustering, relative abundance of microbial composition, alpha and beta diversity among the seven groups, with an increase of the alpha diversity and a decrease of beta diversity at 9 and 15 dpi, which recovered at 28 dpi. The LEfSe analysis selected potential biomarkers at genus and species levels, such as Lactobacillus gasseri in Py9 and Py15 groups, Pseudomonas veronii in Py25 group, and Lactobacillus intestinalis and Psychrobacter in Py28 group. This study offers a new insight for investigating the effect of gut microbiota on the occurrence and development of malaria, and also provides new ideas for the treatment and prevention of malaria.

Infectious diseases, also known as communicable diseases, are a continuous threat to humans. Infectious disease itself is results of multifactorial effects, and a multidisciplinary research field. How to utilize multi-resource data for infectious disease prevention and control remains a great challenge in the current information age and big data era. The global output of infectious diseases research has recently poured and there is a critical need for dedicated journals to share and communicate the cutting-edge findings and latest knowledge from basic, clinical medical sciences and public health aspects at an international level. Nevertheless, there are few international peer-reviewed journals that focus on analysis, decoding and utilization of epidemiological, biological, functional and -omics data associated with infectious diseases. Decoding Infection and Transmission, a gold open-access, peer-reviewed journal, is therefore launched, which is dedicated to the rapid publication and global dissemination of the latest research findings about the characteristics and mechanisms of pathogenic infections and disease transmission, aims to bridge the gap between research scientists, clinical physicians, public health professionals and veterinarians working in diverse infectious diseases, and will dedicate to building an academic community of leading scientist working on infectious diseases. Welcome contributions.

Wolbachia, a bacterium found naturally in some species of Aedes and Culex mosquitoes, has gained significant attention for it's potential in controlling mosquito-borne diseases and suppressing mosquito populations. However, Wolbachia-mediated pathogen blockage, Wolbachia dynamics in field populations and vertical transmission have been reported to be density-dependent. Several factors, including host genetics, diet, temperature, and co-infections can influence Wolbachia titers within its host. The interplay between these factors can have significant influence on the effectiveness of Wolbachia-mediated pathogen blockage and cytoplasmic incompatibility. However, there is a knowledge gap regarding the regulation of Wolbachia density within its host, which could affect its effectiveness as a biocontrol tool. Therefore, this review aims to understand the complex tripartite association between the environment, host, and endosymbiont, and how these relationships are crucial in harnessing the full potential of Wolbachia as a biological tool. Further, we highlight how host, pathogen, and environmental factors influence Wolbachia density and how their interplay can impact CI and WMPB. We further review the strategies adopted to maintain/control Wolbachia densities in field populations.