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Fit for the Future? The Cultural DNA of Spanish and Latin American Family Businesses 适应未来?西班牙和拉丁美洲家族企业的文化DNA
Pub Date : 2021-06-17 DOI: 10.24310/ejfbejfb.v11i1.12846
Paco Valera, Neus Feliu, Ivan Lansberg
We use the metaphor of biological DNA and its essential building blocks to describe generic and specific family business cultures and suggest that Spanish-speaking or "Latin" family businesses inherited four key cultural DNA building blocks—Trust, Loyalty, Authority and Justice—from historical Roman times. Like biological DNA, family businesses are forced to change when its environment changes. In this context, we discuss recent changes representing paradigm shifts to which family businesses relying on “Roman DNA” must adapt in order to be fit for the future. We draw upon our firm's 30 years of work consulting to Latin family businesses and present a wide range of supporting cases and stories.
我们用生物DNA及其基本组成部分来比喻一般的和特殊的家族企业文化,并认为西班牙语或“拉丁”家族企业从历史上的罗马时代继承了四个关键的文化DNA组成部分——信任、忠诚、权威和正义。就像生物DNA一样,家族企业也会随着环境的变化而被迫改变。在这种背景下,我们讨论了代表范式转变的最新变化,依赖“罗马DNA”的家族企业必须适应这些变化,以适应未来。我们利用本公司30年来为拉丁家族企业提供咨询的经验,提供广泛的支持案例和故事。
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引用次数: 1
My Forty Years in Studying and Helping Family Businesses 我研究和帮助家族企业的四十年
Pub Date : 2021-06-17 DOI: 10.24310/ejfbejfb.v11i1.12768
Gibb Dyer
This article will describe the trends in the field of family business over the past forty years in terms of theory and practice. Topics such as succession, consulting with family businesses, the effectiveness of family firms, the role of socio-emotional wealth in family firms, heterogeneity in family businesses, and the impact of family capital on the business and the family will be discussed.
本文将从理论和实践两方面描述近四十年来家族企业领域的发展趋势。将讨论诸如继承、家族企业咨询、家族企业的有效性、家族企业社会情感财富的作用、家族企业的异质性以及家族资本对企业和家族的影响等主题。
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引用次数: 6
Engaging in a New Field: Business Owning Families’ Differential Approach to Impact Investing 涉足新领域:企业拥有家族的差异影响投资方法
Pub Date : 2021-06-17 DOI: 10.24310/ejfbejfb.v11i1.12626
C. Cruz, Rachida Justo, J. Roche
We develop a theoretical framework explaining why and how business owning families (BOF) engage in impact investing. Despite its exponential growth, the burgeoning field impact investing is still subject to competing interpretations and varying practices. Building on the framework proposed by Nason et al. (2019b), we argue that a BOF’s frame of reference (backward vs. forward looking and internally vs. externally oriented) constitutes a relevant heterogeneity that triggers a unique driver for engaging in impact investing and a distinct set of practices to do so.
我们开发了一个理论框架来解释企业拥有家族(BOF)为什么以及如何参与影响投资。尽管其呈指数级增长,但新兴的油田影响力投资仍然受到竞争解释和不同实践的影响。在Nason等人(2019b)提出的框架的基础上,我们认为BOF的参考框架(向后与前瞻性,内部与外部导向)构成了相关的异质性,引发了参与影响力投资的独特驱动力和一套独特的实践。
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引用次数: 3
El sistema de compensatión total en la empresa familiar como herramienta clave para su éxito 家族企业的全面补偿制度是其成功的关键工具
Pub Date : 2020-12-10 DOI: 10.24310/ejfbejfb.v10i2.6811
S. Almadana-Abon, Jesús Molina-Gómez, Pere Mercadé-Melé, Jaime Delgado-Centeno
The purpose of this research study is to examine the importance of the total compensation model in family business as an essential element for human resources management,  in line with the organisation’s strategic management, in order to optimise organisational behaviour. This is based on the useful and efficient use of different compensation tools and methods, taking into consideration both the differences and common aspects of family businesses with regard to other type of companies, as well as their size.
本研究的目的是检验总薪酬模型在家族企业中作为人力资源管理的基本要素的重要性,符合组织的战略管理,以优化组织行为。这是基于有用和有效地使用不同的补偿工具和方法,同时考虑到家族企业与其他类型公司的差异和共同方面,以及它们的规模。
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引用次数: 0
The Effect of the Board Composition on Dividends: The Case of Brazilian and Chilean Family Firms 董事会构成对股利的影响:以巴西和智利家族企业为例
Pub Date : 2020-12-10 DOI: 10.24310/ejfbejfb.v10i2.10177
G. C. Briano-Turrent, Karen Watkins-Fassler, Martha L. Puente-Esparza
Based on the agency theory, this paper analyzes whether family firms pay more dividends compared to no-family firms and identifies whether the board composition affects the dividend policy. Brazil and Chile have established mandatory dividends, retain lower cash holdings, pay higher dividends compared with other markets in the region. The sample of study is composed by 853 observations from 49 Brazilian and 32 Chilean top publicly listed firms in terms of market capitalization over the 11-year period from 2004 to 2014. Using an unbalanced panel data, results indicate that family controlled firms distribute more dividends and board composition namely; board size and the proportion of women on the board have a significant and positive impact on the dividend policy of the firm. By contrast, COB-CEO duality has a negative effect. Thus, dividend policy constitutes an effective corporate governance mechanism in mitigating the family’ expropriation of minority shareholders’ wealth.
基于代理理论,本文分析了家族企业是否比非家族企业支付更多的股利,并确定董事会构成是否影响股利政策。巴西和智利设立了强制性股息制度,现金持有量较低,但与该地区其他市场相比,它们支付的股息较高。研究样本由2004年至2014年11年间49家巴西和32家智利市值最高的上市公司的853项观察结果组成。利用非平衡面板数据,结果表明家族控股企业分配更多的股息和董事会构成,即;董事会规模和女性董事比例对公司的股利政策有显著的正向影响。相反,COB-CEO二元性则有负面影响。因此,股利政策是一种有效的公司治理机制,可以缓解家族对中小股东财富的侵占。
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引用次数: 7
Relational antecedents of innovation in family firms: The complexity role of non-family employees' commitment 家族企业创新的关系前因:非家族员工承诺的复杂性作用
Pub Date : 2020-12-10 DOI: 10.24310/ejfbejfb.v10i2.10006
Jorge H. Mejía-Morelos, Luis-Felipe Cisneros-Martinez, C. Keen, Valeriano Sanchez‐Famoso
A better understanding of the relational antecedents of innovation in family firms is central to explaining their long-term success and survival. Our study proposes an original model that shows that the internal social capital of non-family members does not always foster innovation directly as existing theory suggests, but through their organizational commitment. These results differ across the different dimensions of organizational commitment. Therefore, our study challenges existing thinking on commitment studies by offering theoretical grounding and empirical evidence that neglected dimensions of commitment have a crucial intermediate role in the relationship between internal social capital and innovation in family firms.
更好地理解家族企业创新的相关前因,对于解释家族企业的长期成功和生存至关重要。我们的研究提出了一个原始模型,表明非家庭成员的内部社会资本并不总是像现有理论所认为的那样直接促进创新,而是通过他们的组织承诺。这些结果在组织承诺的不同维度上有所不同。因此,我们的研究通过提供被忽视的承诺维度在家族企业内部社会资本与创新之间的关系中具有重要的中介作用的理论基础和实证证据,挑战了现有的承诺研究思维。
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引用次数: 4
Abandoning Family Management - Analysis of the effects on exports 放弃家族经营——对出口的影响分析
Pub Date : 2020-12-10 DOI: 10.24310/ejfbejfb.v10i2.10099
Aoife Hanley, Joaquín Monreal-Pérez, G. Sánchez‐Marín
espanolEncontrar los factores desencadenantes de la internacionalizacion de las empre - sas familiares no es facil porque, para empezar, las empresas familiares se consideran muy diferentes (por ejemplo, Bloom et al., 2011). Al investigar el papel de la gestion familiar, aplicamos una muestra espanola de 805 empresas gestionadas por familias para investigar el impacto del abandono de la gestion familiar en la propension a exportar. Aplicando modelos logit y tobit, encontramos que el abandono de la gestion familiar esta asociado con una caida en la actividad exportadora (tanto en la propension exportadora como en la intensidad expor- tadora), hallazgos que relacionamos con las teorias gerenciales de la empresa. Este hallazgo esta relacionado con caracteristicas especificas de las empresas familiares que favorecen la actividad exportadora como una mayor flexibilidad y altruismo. Las conclusiones de este trabajo tienen una serie de implicaciones relevantes. EnglishFinding the internationalization triggers of family-managed firms is not easy because family-managed firms are regarded as being very different to begin with (e.g. Bloom et al., 2011).In investigating the role of family management, we apply a Spanish sample of 805 family-managed firms to investigate the impact of abandoning such management on export propensity. Through a Logit model, we find that such abandon is associated with a fall in export propensity, findings we relate back to managerial theories of the firm. This finding is related to specific features of family managed firms that favour export activity such as a greater flexibility and altruism. The conclusions of this work have a number of relevant implications.
找到家族企业国际化的触发因素并不容易,因为家族企业最初被认为是非常不同的(例如Bloom et al., 2011)。为了研究家族管理的作用,我们对805家家族经营的西班牙企业进行了抽样调查,以调查放弃家族管理对出口倾向的影响。在本研究中,我们分析了家庭管理的放弃与出口活动(出口倾向和出口强度)的下降有关,这些发现与公司的管理理论有关。这一发现与有利于出口活动的家族企业的具体特征有关,如更大的灵活性和利他主义。这项工作的结论具有一些相关的含义。寻找家族企业国际化的触发因素并不容易,因为家族企业被认为与开始时非常不同(例如Bloom et al., 2011)。在调查家庭管理的作用时,我们使用了805家家庭管理企业的西班牙样本来调查放弃这种管理对出口倾向的影响。通过Logit模型,我们发现这种放弃与出口倾向的下降有关,我们将其与公司的管理理论联系起来。这一发现与有利于出口活动的家族经营企业的具体特点有关,例如更大的灵活性和利他主义。这项工作的结论具有许多相关的含义。
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引用次数: 2
Strategic and Organizational Change 战略和组织变革
Pub Date : 2020-06-30 DOI: 10.24310/ejfbejfb.v10i1.9828
Katiuska Cabrera Suarez, Elena Rivo-López, Santiago Lago‐Peñas
Nowadays, family businesses, the predominant form of business worldwide, face an increasingly changing environment boosted by megatrends such as globalization, digitalization, artificial intelligence, climate change and sustainability. Along with this, are factors that play at a firm level such as stricter rules concerning transparency and compliance or the increasing importance of Corporate Social Responsibil- ity (CSR). Therefore, new strategies and organizational changes are necessary to allow for greater adaptation to the new context. This special issue provides insights on these questions from a variety of perspectives.   The work of Hernandez-Linares and Lopez-Fernan- dez expands the current thinking on this process of adaptation by exploring the combined effects of three strategic orientations (entrepreneurial, learning, and market orientations) on the family firm s performance. The authors provide interesting contributions in terms of highlighting the importance of strategic orientations for value creation in enterprise organizations. They also provide empirical evidence that the family char- acter of the firm determines the relationship between strategic orientations and business performance, and offer some results on the effect of market orientation on firm performance in family firms versus non-family firms.   Those differences in strategies are further ana- lysed within the setting of the business dimension in which financial and economic decisions are made. The contribution by Terron-Ibanez, Gomez-Miranda and Rodriguez-Ariza, discusses the influence of that di- mension in their performance, comparing family and non-family firms. This interesting analysis of financial performance provides useful results. The study showsthat, unlike non-family firms, there is an inverted U- shaped relationship between the size of family SMEs and the value of certain economic–financial indicators, such as the return on assets, operating margin and employee productivity. This means that although the increase in the dimension of the family organizations is positively related to its performance, there are lim- its from which the value of certain economic–financial indicators can be negatively affected.   The next paper contributes to the discussion of the family business’s role in the private health sector. Reyes-Santias, Rivo-Lopez and Villanueva-Villar, set out to identify the historical evolution of the family business in this sector, attempting to determine the variation and its contribution to the private health sector during the 1995-2010 period. The findings of this discussion provide family firms with an almost 60% survival level in this sector. Along with this, the au- thors provide some guidelines for future research con- cerning this higher degree of survival, why family firms are leading the concentration process taking place in the sector, as well as their strategies for super-spe- cialization in the services offered especially by family bu
围绕家族企业所有者的挑战以及战略和组织决策的细微差别是未来研究的一个成熟领域。编辑们期待看到这些主题的未来发展,特别关注家族特征和动态对家族企业战略和组织变革的影响,并利用定量和定性研究方法促进该领域的更广泛发展。致谢本文发表于2019年6月13日至14日在西班牙加利西亚乌伦塞举行的“家族企业:战略与组织变革”研讨会上。会议由GEN小组研究(http://www.infogen.webs.uvigo.es /)和维戈大学家族企业主席组织,由AGEF(加利西亚家族企业协会)、Inditex集团、IEF(西班牙家族企业研究所)和ECOBAS小组作为合作者赞助。感谢他们宝贵的支持。我们也非常感谢出席会议的所有其他与会者。埃琳娜·里沃-洛佩兹,圣地亚哥佩纳斯维戈大学家族企业主席联席主任,维戈大学家族企业主席联席主任
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引用次数: 0
Dimension as a business strategy 维度作为一种商业策略
Pub Date : 2020-05-31 DOI: 10.24310/ejfbejfb.v10i1.6705
Sara Terrón-Ibáñez, M. Gómez-Miranda, Lázaro Rodríguez‐Ariza
This paper analyzes the possible differences in the economic-financial situation of family organizations based on the business dimension. Then, we focus our analysis on SMEs to analyse the influence of the dimension in their performance. For this, information belonging to a large sample composed of 21,149 family businesses and 5,737 non-family businesses in Spain corresponding to the period 2003–2015 is studied. The conclusions obtained show that, although the increase in the dimension of the family organizations is positively related to their performance, there are limits beyond which the value of certain economic-financial indicators can be negatively affected. This behavior is not observed in non-family businesses.
本文从经营维度分析了家族组织经济财务状况可能存在的差异。然后,我们将分析的重点放在中小企业上,分析维度对其绩效的影响。为此,本文研究了2003-2015年期间西班牙21149家家族企业和5737家非家族企业组成的大样本信息。所得的结论表明,虽然家庭组织规模的增加与其业绩呈正相关,但某些经济-金融指标的价值有一定的限度,超过这个限度就会受到负面影响。这种行为在非家族企业中是看不到的。
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引用次数: 1
Barriers to change in family businesses 家族企业变革的障碍
Pub Date : 2020-05-31 DOI: 10.24310/ejfbejfb.v10i1.7018
J. Gómez
La empresa familiar presenta una serie de caracteristicas que condicionan su disposicion al cambio y la renovacion, que son necesarios para mantener la continuidad de la empresa en el largo plazo, para que pueda ser legada a las siguientes generaciones. Se analizan algunas aproximaciones a la identificacion de las barreras al cambio que son mas especificas de las caracteristicas propias de la empresa familiar, para identificar los factores que pueden tener mayor incidencia en la decision e implantacion de procesos de cambio en las empresas familiares. Entre estos factores se pueden citar la generacion al frente de la empresa familiar, la influencia de los grupos de interes -particularmente la dualidad entre empresa y familia-, y la mayor o menor participacion de profesionales externos a la familia.
家族企业有许多特点,这些特点决定了它愿意改变和更新,这是保持公司长期连续性所必需的,以便它可以传承给下一代。本文分析了一些识别变化障碍的方法,这些障碍更具体地描述了家族企业的特点,以识别可能对家族企业变革过程的决策和实施有更大影响的因素。这些因素包括领导家族企业的世代、利益集团的影响——尤其是企业和家族之间的二元性——以及家族以外的专业人士的参与或多或少。
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引用次数: 7
期刊
European Journal of Family Business
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