Evidence-based Healthcare and Public Health最新文献

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Cost sharing for medications: to what end? 药物费用分担:目的何在?

Evidence-based Healthcare and Public Health

Pub Date : 2005-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/J.EHBC.2005.03.033

S. Wait

引用次数: 1

Amodiaquine based combination therapy is more effective than chloroquine-based therapy in children with uncomplicated falciparum malaria 以阿莫地喹为基础的联合治疗在无并发症恶性疟疾患儿中比以氯喹为基础的治疗更有效

Evidence-based Healthcare and Public Health

Pub Date : 2005-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehbc.2005.03.020

Question

What is the relative effectiveness of chloroquine+sulfadoxine+pyrimethamine, amodiaquine+sulfadoxine+pyrimethamine, and amodiaquine+artesunate in children with uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Africa?

Study design

Three-arm randomised controlled trial

Main results

Amodiaquine+sulfadoxine+pyrimethamine and amodiaquine+artesunate significantly reduced the risk of treatment failure and the need for rescue therapy compared with chloroquine+sulfadoxine+pyrimethamine at 28 days ( $p < 0.0001$ ; see results table). Amodiaquine+artesunate significantly reduced treatment failure compared with amodiaquine+sulfadoxine+pyrimethamine at 28 days, but there was no significant difference in the need for rescue therapy (see results table).

Authors’ conclusions

Amodiaquine based combination therapies should be considered as an alternative to chloroquine+sulfadoxine+pyrimethamine in children with uncomplicated falciparum malaria.

问题氯喹+磺胺多辛+乙胺、阿莫地喹+磺胺多辛+乙胺和阿莫地奎因+青蒿琥酯对非洲无并发症恶性疟疾儿童的相对有效性是多少？研究设计三组随机对照试验主要结果在第28天，与氯喹+磺胺多辛+乙胺嘧啶相比，布洛芬+磺胺多辛+乙胺嘧啶和阿莫地喹+青蒿琥酯显著降低了治疗失败的风险和抢救治疗的需要（p＜0.0001；见结果表）。阿莫地喹+青蒿琥酯在28天时与阿莫地昆+磺胺多辛+乙胺相比显著降低了治疗失败，但在抢救治疗的必要性方面没有显著差异（见结果表）。作者的结论：在患有无并发症恶性疟疾的儿童中，以阿莫地喹为基础的联合治疗应被视为氯喹+磺胺多辛+乙胺嘧啶的替代方案。

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引用次数: 0

Partner-assisted support intervention did not improve smoking abstinence among women during and after pregnancy 伴侣辅助支持干预并没有改善怀孕期间和怀孕后妇女的戒烟情况

Evidence-based Healthcare and Public Health

Pub Date : 2005-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehbc.2005.03.018

Question

Does a partner-assisted support intervention to assist smoking cessation increase abstinence in women during and after pregnancy?

Study design

Three-arm randomised controlled trial (partner-assisted support; women-only support; usual care [see below for further details of interventions]).

Main results

At 12 months postpartum, abstinence rates were similar in all three groups (see results table).

Authors’ conclusions

With further refinement, partner-assisted support may be useful for encouraging smoking cessation.

问题伴侣协助戒烟的支持干预是否会增加女性在怀孕期间和怀孕后的禁欲？研究设计三组随机对照试验（伴侣辅助支持；仅限女性支持；常规护理[干预措施的更多细节见下文]）。主要结果产后12个月，三组的禁欲率相似（见结果表）。作者的结论随着进一步完善，伴侣辅助支持可能有助于鼓励戒烟。

引用次数: 0

Culturally appropriate lifestyle interventions promote weight loss in rural dwelling people with type 2 diabetes 文化上适宜的生活方式干预可促进农村2型糖尿病患者减肥

Evidence-based Healthcare and Public Health

Pub Date : 2005-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehbc.2005.03.017

Question

Do lifestyle interventions reduce weight and improve glycaemic control in rural dwelling people with type 2 diabetes?

Study design

Three-arm randomised controlled trial (intensive lifestyle intervention; less intensive intervention; usual care).

Main results

At 12 months, people receiving intensive lifestyle interventions lost significantly more weight than people from the usual care group (intensive lifestyle $ν$ usual care: 49% $ν$ 25%, p<0.05). There was no significant difference between the less intensive lifestyle and usual care groups. Glycaemic index was reduced in all groups (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in glycaemic index between groups.

Authors’ conclusions

Tailored lifestyle interventions promote weight loss and improve glycaemic control in rural dwelling people with type 2 diabetes. This approach is ineffective for weight loss if delivered in the timeframe reimbursed by health insurance, but may be effective for glycaemic control.

问题生活方式干预是否能减轻农村2型糖尿病患者的体重并改善血糖控制？研究设计三组随机对照试验（强化生活方式干预；低强度干预；常规护理）。主要结果在12个月时，接受强化生活方式干预的人比常规护理组的人减轻了更多的体重（强化生活方式和常规护理：49%和25%，p<；0.05）。低强化生活方式组和常规护理组之间没有显著差异。所有组的血糖指数均降低（p＜0.05）。然而，各组之间的血糖指数没有显著差异。作者的结论量身定制的生活方式干预措施有助于2型糖尿病农村居民的减肥和改善血糖控制。如果在健康保险报销的时间内交付，这种方法对减肥无效，但可能对血糖控制有效。

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引用次数: 0

Prolonged exposure to some agricultural pesticides may increase the risk of lung cancer in agricultural workers 长期接触某些农用农药可能会增加农业工人患肺癌的风险

Evidence-based Healthcare and Public Health

Pub Date : 2005-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/J.EHBC.2005.03.029

B. Dinham

引用次数: 12

Short term exposure to ambient ozone increases mortality in the United States 在美国，短期接触环境臭氧会增加死亡率

Evidence-based Healthcare and Public Health

Pub Date : 2005-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/J.EHBC.2005.04.001

M. Goldberg

引用次数: 0

Short term exposure to ambient ozone increases mortality in the United States 在美国，短期接触环境臭氧会增加死亡率

Evidence-based Healthcare and Public Health

Pub Date : 2005-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehbc.2005.04.001

Mark S Goldberg PhD

Question

Does short term exposure to ambient ozone increase mortality in the United States?

Study design

Cross sectional time series.

Main results

A 10 parts per billion by volume (ppb) increase in daily ambient ozone levels in the previous week significantly increased all-cause and cardiovascular and respiratory mortality (all-cause: 0.52%, 95% posterior interval 0.27% to 0.77%; cardiovascular and respiratory: 0.64%, 95% posterior interval 0.31% to 0.98%). The findings were robust after adjustment for particulate matter, weather, seasonality, and long term trends.

Authors’ conclusions

A 10 ppb increase in daily ambient ozone levels in the previous week increased all-cause and cardiovascular and respiratory mortality.

问题短期暴露在环境臭氧中会增加美国的死亡率吗？研究设计横截面时间序列。主要结果前一周每日环境臭氧水平增加十亿分之十（ppb）显著增加了全因死亡率、心血管和呼吸系统死亡率（全因死亡率：0.52%，95%后验区间0.27%至0.77%；心血管和呼吸：0.64%，95%后检验区间0.31%至0.98%），天气、季节性和长期趋势。作者的结论前一周每日环境臭氧水平增加10 ppb会增加全因死亡率、心血管和呼吸系统死亡率。

引用次数: 0

Do nurse practitioners provide equivalent care to doctors as a first point of contact for patients with undifferentiated medical problems 执业护士是否提供与医生同等的护理，作为无区别医疗问题患者的第一接触点

Evidence-based Healthcare and Public Health

Pub Date : 2005-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/J.EHBC.2005.03.028

B. Ltd.

引用次数: 4

The evolution of the nurse practitioner 执业护士的演变

Evidence-based Healthcare and Public Health

Pub Date : 2005-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehbc.2005.04.002

Paula McLaren

引用次数: 8

Steps towards a malaria vaccine 研制疟疾疫苗的步骤

Evidence-based Healthcare and Public Health

Pub Date : 2005-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehbc.2005.03.034

Dr Philip Bejon

引用次数: 0

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