Future Batteries最新文献_第5页

Failure modes, safety concerns, testing protocol, and advancement in lithium-ion battery technology 失效模式，安全问题，测试协议，以及锂离子电池技术的进步

Future Batteries

Pub Date : 2025-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.fub.2025.100113

Mohammad Waseem , Kotha Shashidhar Reddy , T. Ramamohan Rao , Mohd Suhaib , Mumtaz Ahmad Khan

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) play a pivotal role in electric vehicle (EV) technology due to their high energy density and efficiency. However, their vulnerability to thermal runaway, fire, and explosion remains a major barrier to widespread adoption. This study addresses the lack of integrated analysis by reviewing current research trends in LIBs, advancements in EV applications, common failure modes, safety concerns, testing protocols, and AI/ML-based safety enhancements. While previous studies have often treated these aspects separately, this paper consolidates critical issues such as overcharging, mechanical wear, separator degradation, lithium plating, and electrolyte breakdown, alongside safety testing standards like thermal, penetration, and crushing tests. It further explores emerging innovations including risk-free electrolyte chemistries, stabilized electrode interfaces, and phase change materials for thermal management. The novelty lies in its multidimensional approach, linking material degradation, diagnostics, and sustainability. The review concludes that integrating predictive AI models, improving material robustness, and adopting stringent safety protocols are essential to mitigating LIB risks and ensuring safer, more sustainable EV deployment.

锂离子电池以其高能量密度和高能效在电动汽车技术中发挥着举足轻重的作用。然而，它们对热失控、火灾和爆炸的脆弱性仍然是广泛采用的主要障碍。本研究通过回顾当前lib的研究趋势、电动汽车应用的进展、常见故障模式、安全问题、测试协议以及基于AI/ ml的安全增强，解决了缺乏综合分析的问题。虽然之前的研究通常将这些方面分开处理，但本文将过度充电、机械磨损、分离器降解、锂电镀和电解质击穿等关键问题与热、穿透和破碎测试等安全测试标准结合起来。它进一步探索了新兴的创新，包括无风险的电解质化学，稳定的电极界面和用于热管理的相变材料。新颖之处在于它的多维方法，将材料降解、诊断和可持续性联系起来。该综述得出结论，集成预测人工智能模型、提高材料稳健性和采用严格的安全协议对于降低LIB风险和确保更安全、更可持续的电动汽车部署至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Optimizing multilayer graphite-silicon anodes: A computational approach to enhancing lithium-Ion battery performance 优化多层石墨硅阳极：提高锂离子电池性能的计算方法

Future Batteries

Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.fub.2025.100112

Juan C. Rubio, Martin Bolduc

This study evaluated the performance of multilayer anodes for lithium-ion batteries, composed of an outer graphite layer in direct contact with the electrolyte and an inner graphite–silicon composite layer, using finite-element simulations and multivariate statistical analysis. Various silicon contents such as 10, 20 percent and 30 %, layer thickness configurations including 30–30 µm, 20–40 µm and 10–50 µm, and graphite particle sizes of 2.5, 5 and 7.5 µm were systematically examined while maintaining a total anode thickness of 60 µm. In addition, the cathode material NMC 622 and the electrolyte LiPF6 in 3:7 EC:EMC were specified in the simulated cell configuration. The methodology integrated COMSOL Multiphysics® simulations with a simulation design (DOE) constructed in JMP, enabling the identification of key response parameters such as capacity loss percentage, solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer thickness, potential drop across the SEI and electrolyte consumption over 2000 simulated cycles. Simulation results indicated that a 30–30 µm configuration, employing 2.5 µm graphite particles and a silicon content in the range of 20–30 % within the composite layer, substantially reduces potential drop, electrolyte consumption and SEI growth compared to modeled single-layer 100 % graphite or homogeneous silicon–graphite anodes. These findings underscore the viability of dual-layer structures for leveraging silicon’s high theoretical capacity without compromising electrochemical stability, and they highlight the crucial role of simulation-driven optimization in predicting long-term performance in batteries with enhanced energy density and extended cycle life.

本研究通过有限元模拟和多元统计分析，评估了锂离子电池多层阳极的性能。多层阳极由与电解质直接接触的外层石墨层和内层石墨硅复合层组成。在保持阳极总厚度为60 µm的情况下，系统地检查了各种硅含量（如10%，20%和30% %），层厚度配置（包括30 - 30 µm， 20 - 40 µm和10 - 50 µm）以及石墨粒径（2.5,5和7.5 µm）。此外，在模拟的电池配置中指定了3:7 EC:EMC中的正极材料NMC 622和电解质LiPF6。该方法将COMSOL Multiphysics®模拟与JMP中构建的模拟设计（DOE）集成在一起，能够识别关键响应参数，如容量损失百分比、固体电解质界面（SEI）层厚度、SEI之间的电位下降和超过2000个模拟循环的电解质消耗。模拟结果表明，在30-30 µm的结构中，采用2.5 µm的石墨颗粒，复合层内硅含量在20-30 %范围内，与模拟的单层100% %石墨或均匀硅-石墨阳极相比，显著降低了电位下降、电解质消耗和SEI增长。这些发现强调了双层结构在不影响电化学稳定性的情况下利用硅的高理论容量的可行性，并强调了模拟驱动优化在预测具有增强能量密度和延长循环寿命的电池的长期性能方面的关键作用。

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引用次数: 0

A Systematic Review of Thermal Runaway in Li-ion Batteries: Pathways, Detection Techniques, and Early Warning Models 锂离子电池热失控的系统综述：途径、检测技术和早期预警模型

Future Batteries

Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.fub.2025.100110

Shubham Bhoir , Emanuele Michelini , Jörg Moser , Claudio Brivio , Mario Paolone

In the recent past, various accidents related to lithium battery fires have been reported worldwide, some of them being fatal. This emphasizes the need to improve battery systems’ safety for their users. To achieve this, first, an understanding of the phenomena that take place during TR is essential. Then, such an understanding may be used to identify sensors and models that can predict TR, with sufficient anticipation. Following this logic, this systematic literature review thoroughly analyzes the state-of-the-art regarding the different abuses and the consequent safety threats to lithium-based battery cells to (i) describe the various phenomena that occur when a battery cell is abused, (ii) analyze the different sensors that are found in the literature which can be used to detect a faulty or abused battery cell, and (iii) review the various models that are used to analyze the data acquired by the sensors. Since this is a systematic literature review, the methodology followed to carry out this review is rigorously described, including the literature database search string and paper-inclusion criteria used to screen the list of works and arrive at a final set of meaningful papers. Finally, in view of the findings, a combination of sensors and models is suggested to assess the safety level of a battery cell. It is concluded that temperature monitoring, along with an empirical model, is best suited for abuse detection, while voltage monitoring, along with a statistical model, should be adopted for cells’ fault detection.

最近，世界各地都报道了与锂电池起火有关的各种事故，其中一些是致命的。这强调了为用户提高电池系统安全性的必要性。要做到这一点，首先，了解在TR期间发生的现象是至关重要的。然后，这样的理解可以用来识别传感器和模型，可以预测TR，有足够的预期。按照这一逻辑,这彻底进行系统性文献回顾分析了先进的关于不同的滥用和随之而来的安全威胁锂离子电池(i)描述各种现象发生的电池被滥用时,(2)分析文献中发现不同的传感器可以用来检测错误或滥用电池,和(3)审查的各种模型,用于分析获得的数据传感器。由于这是一项系统的文献综述，因此严格描述了进行该综述所遵循的方法，包括文献数据库搜索字符串和用于筛选作品列表并得出最终一组有意义的论文的论文纳入标准。最后，鉴于这些发现，建议将传感器和模型相结合来评估电池的安全水平。结果表明，温度监测结合经验模型最适合于电池的滥用检测，电压监测结合统计模型最适合于电池的故障检测。

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引用次数: 0

Advancements in photoelectrode surface, electrolyte, and integrated configurations for solar redox flow batteries – A mini review 太阳能氧化还原液流电池的光电极表面、电解质和集成配置研究进展

Future Batteries

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fub.2025.100104

Kailong Li , Zixing Gu , Yuzhuo Qi , Haochen Zhu , Mengyue Lu , Zhuo Li , Qiang Ma , Huaneng Su , Weiwei Yang , Qian Xu

Under the background of the increasing contradiction between global energy supply and demand as well as large-scale application of renewable energy, as an application of flow battery technology in solar energy storage, solar redox flow batteries (SRFBs) have demonstrated rapid development owing to their high-efficiency photoelectrochemical energy conversion and adaptable storage characteristics. Although significant progress has been made in photoelectrode surface regulation, electrolyte optimization and battery integration design, improvements in system efficiency and efforts toward engineering application still face multiple challenges. In this review, the working mechanism of SRFBs is briefly introduced, and then the mechanism of improving photocurrent density and energy conversion efficiency through multi-dimensional optimization strategies such as morphology optimization, defect doping coordination, heterojunction construction and surface modification is systematically summarized from the photoelectrode interface engineering. Meanwhile, the key role of the electrolyte and illumination synergistic optimization is discussed. Finally, the breakthroughs of SRFBs in carrier separation efficiency and mass transfer dynamics optimization are analyzed in combination with innovative structures such as the cell system structure and flow channel design. This review aims to provide theoretical references for interface engineering of SRFBs photoelectrodes, synergistic optimization of electrolyte and illumination, and cell structure design. It is pointed out that the development of non-biased high-efficiency photoelectrodes, low loss electrolyte transmission systems and full-spectral-response devices represent the core direction of future technological breakthroughs.

在全球能源供需矛盾日益加剧和可再生能源大规模应用的背景下，作为液流电池技术在太阳能储能领域的应用，太阳能氧化还原液流电池（SRFBs）以其高效的光电化学能量转换和适应性强的储能特性得到了快速发展。虽然在光电极表面调节、电解液优化和电池集成设计等方面取得了重大进展，但系统效率的提高和工程应用的努力仍面临诸多挑战。本文简要介绍了SRFBs的工作机理，并从光电极界面工程角度系统总结了通过形貌优化、缺陷掺杂配位、异质结构建和表面修饰等多维优化策略提高光电流密度和能量转换效率的机理。同时讨论了电解液和光照协同优化的关键作用。最后，结合胞体结构和流道设计等创新结构，分析了srfb在载流子分离效率和传质动力学优化方面的突破。本文旨在为srfb光电极的界面工程、电解液和光照的协同优化以及电池结构设计提供理论参考。指出无偏压高效光电极、低损耗电解质传输系统和全光谱响应器件的发展是未来技术突破的核心方向。

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引用次数: 0

Review on sustainable strategies for lithium recovery from spent lithium-ion batteries 废锂离子电池锂回收可持续发展策略综述

Future Batteries

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fub.2025.100105

J. Jayamuthunagai , R. Mary Nancy Flora , K. Senthilkumar , B. Bharathiraja

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are essential to today's energy storage technology, powering from handheld devices to electric vehicles and grid-scale renewable energy installations. With demand for LIBs rising ever more strongly—fuelled by the global clean energy shift—the demand for sustainable lithium recovery has accelerated. Extraction of lithium using traditional mining is energy-wasting, environmentally disruptive, and not viable given dwindling natural reserves. Thus, recycling lithium from retired LIBs is critical not just for resource security but also for environmental minimization. Herein is an overview of existing technologies applied for lithium extraction from spent LIBs, with emphasis on four dominant methods: pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, electrochemical extraction, and bioleaching. The technologies are compared based on commercialization stage, efficiency in lithium extraction, cost, environmental impact, and applicability. Although pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy are more conventional, they may require high energy expenditure and toxic chemical utilization. For comparison, new technologies such as bioleaching and electrochemical extraction provide less polluting and more selective processes but are yet to be developed for large-scale use. Newly developed innovations in deep eutectic solvent-aided leaching, mechanochemical treatment, and bio-electrochemical systems have exhibited potential in enhancing lithium extraction efficiency while reducing environmental footprint. In spite of advances in technology, < 1 % of lithium is recycled world-wide, and there is an urgent need for optimizing and integrating the available technologies. This review paper contrasts these technologies and presents directions for the enhancement of lithium recycling techniques with the aims of realizing higher recovery rates, cost-effectiveness, and eco-friendliness. Eventually, designing effective recycling schemes will be important for underpinning a circular economy of lithium and in delivering long-term energy security.

锂离子电池（lib）对当今的能源存储技术至关重要，为手持设备、电动汽车和电网规模的可再生能源装置供电。在全球清洁能源转型的推动下，对锂的需求日益强劲，对可持续锂回收的需求也在加速。使用传统采矿方法提取锂不仅浪费能源，破坏环境，而且由于自然储量不断减少，也不可行。因此，从退役的锂电池中回收锂不仅对资源安全至关重要，而且对环境最小化也至关重要。本文概述了从废锂中提取锂的现有技术，重点介绍了四种主要方法：火法冶金法、湿法冶金法、电化学萃取法和生物浸出法。根据商业化阶段、锂提取效率、成本、环境影响和适用性对这些技术进行了比较。虽然火法冶金和湿法冶金更为传统，但它们可能需要高能量消耗和有毒化学品的利用。相比之下，生物浸出和电化学萃取等新技术提供了污染更少、选择性更强的工艺，但尚未开发用于大规模使用。新开发的深共晶溶剂辅助浸出、机械化学处理和生物电化学系统在提高锂提取效率的同时减少环境足迹方面显示出潜力。尽管技术进步，<； 1 %的锂在世界范围内被回收，迫切需要优化和整合现有的技术。本文对这些技术进行了比较，并提出了提高锂回收技术的发展方向，以实现更高的回收率、成本效益和生态友好性。最终，设计有效的回收方案对于支撑锂循环经济和实现长期能源安全至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Artificial intelligence-empowered modeling and management of flow batteries: A mini-review 人工智能支持的液流电池建模和管理：一个小回顾

Future Batteries

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fub.2025.100107

Qiang Zheng , Xingyi Shi , Yuze Cai , Liang An , Dongxiao Zhang

Flow batteries are pivotal for grid-scale renewable energy storage due to their scalability and decoupled energy-power design, yet they still face challenges in cost reduction and efficiency improvement, which necessitates advanced modeling to accelerate development as a complement to experiments. However, traditional numerical modeling is not efficient, restricting its application to optimal management. Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing this field by enabling accelerated simulations that integrate predictive accuracy and computational efficiency, while data-driven modeling empowers intelligent optimization of input design parameters. Beyond static modeling, AI techniques facilitate dynamic management through real-time state estimation and adaptive control strategies that respond to complex operating conditions. This review summarizes advances in recent five years of AI applications for flow batteries, and critically examine how the AI approaches address fundamental limitations in modeling and management paradigms, while identifying key challenges in model robustness and practical implementation that guide future research directions in developing intelligent flow battery systems.

液流电池因其可扩展性和能量-功率解耦设计而成为电网规模可再生能源存储的关键，但其在降低成本和提高效率方面仍面临挑战，这需要先进的建模来加速开发，作为实验的补充。然而，传统的数值模拟效率不高，限制了其在优化管理中的应用。人工智能（AI）正在彻底改变这一领域，它支持加速仿真，集成了预测准确性和计算效率，而数据驱动的建模可以智能优化输入设计参数。除了静态建模，人工智能技术还通过实时状态估计和自适应控制策略来促进动态管理，以响应复杂的操作条件。本文总结了近五年来人工智能在液流电池中的应用进展，并批判性地研究了人工智能方法如何解决建模和管理范式的基本限制，同时确定了模型鲁棒性和实际实施方面的关键挑战，这些挑战指导了未来开发智能液流电池系统的研究方向。

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引用次数: 0

Stable Zn metal deposition/stripping in Zn-Li dual-ion batteries achieved by acetonitrile-water co-solvent enhanced acetamide-based deep eutectic electrolytes 乙腈-水共溶剂增强乙酰胺基深共晶电解质在锌-锂双离子电池中实现了稳定的金属锌沉积/溶出

Future Batteries

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fub.2025.100108

Chun-Jern Pan , Shih-Che Lin , Bing-Joe Hwang , Wei-Hsiang Huang , Chun-I Lee

Zinc batteries have emerged as potential candidates for next-generation energy storage due to their high safety, environmental friendliness, and abundant raw material. However, zinc dendrite formation and water-related parasitic reaction occurred during zinc metal deposition/stripping, resulting in limited batteries cycle life. To address these challenges, this study developed an acetamide-based deep eutectic electrolytes (DEEs) with acetonitrile and water as co-solvents to improve the cyclability of Zn metal deposition/stripping. The co-solvents optimized DEEs is being examined first with Zn//Cu asymmetric cell, delivering high Zn deposition/stripping average coulombic efficiency (CE) of 99.79 % for over 2800 cycles. The addition of co-solvents effectively increases the exchange current density and decrease charge transfer resistance for Zn deposition/stripping. The dual ion batteries using LiMn₂O₄ (LMO) as cathode and Zn metal anode were assembled and subject to electrochemical evaluation. The battery delivers an initial capacity of 53 mAh g⁻¹ and > 30 mAh g⁻¹ after 1200 cycles, stably operating for over 2400 cycles with average CE > 99 % and 24.7 mAh g⁻¹ capacity. An organic/inorganic hybrid interfacial layer composed of Zn-N and amide-related structures is found on the surface of cycled LMO cathode. The layer could effectively suppress parasitic oxidative reactions between the solvent and active materials, leading to high CE and maintaining high Mn³⁺ /Mn⁴⁺ ratio. This study demonstrates that co-solvents design in DEEs offers a promising strategy for high-performance Zn-based hybrid batteries.

锌电池因其安全性高、环境友好、原料丰富等优点，成为下一代储能技术的潜在候选者。然而，在锌金属沉积/剥离过程中，锌枝晶的形成和与水相关的寄生反应导致电池循环寿命有限。为了解决这些挑战，本研究开发了一种以乙腈和水为共溶剂的基于乙酰胺的深共晶电解质（dee），以提高锌金属沉积/剥离的可循环性。首先在Zn/ Cu不对称电池上对共溶剂优化的DEEs进行了测试，在2800多次循环中，其Zn沉积/剥离平均库仑效率（CE）高达99.79 %。助溶剂的加入有效地提高了交换电流密度，降低了锌沉积/剥离的电荷转移电阻。组装了以LiMn2O4 （LMO）为阴极，金属锌为阳极的双离子电池，并进行了电化学评价。经过1200次循环后，电池的初始容量为53 mAh g⁻¹ 和>； 30 mAh g⁻¹ ，稳定运行超过2400次循环，平均容量为>； 99 %和24.7 mAh g⁻¹ 。在循环LMO阴极表面发现了由Zn-N和酰胺相关结构组成的有机/无机杂化界面层。该层可以有效抑制溶剂与活性物质之间的寄生氧化反应，从而获得较高的CE，并保持较高的Mn3+ /Mn4+比。本研究表明，共溶剂设计为高性能锌基混合电池提供了一种有前途的策略。

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引用次数: 0

A review of recent advances, current limitations, and remedies of lithium-ion batteries for advanced technological applications 综述了锂离子电池在先进技术应用中的最新进展、局限性和补救措施

Future Batteries

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fub.2025.100109

Cyril Ikechukwu Idu , Uwa Orji Uyor , Abimbola P.I. Popoola , Olawale M. Popoola , Sani Mohammed Adams

Sustainable energy has become a focal point of innovation in recent years. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the most prevalent energy storage systems, are widely used in automobiles, consumer electronics, and renewable energy applications. However, traditional, commercially available LIBs have both advantages and significant limitations. These limitations arise from various reactions occurring within the cell that hinder their application scope and effectiveness. Continuous charging and discharging induce stress in the electrodes, while heat generation destabilizes active materials. Additionally, electrode-electrolyte interactions lead to the degradation of both components. These factors collectively contribute to the poor performance often experienced in LIBs. To address these issues, researchers have explored modifying existing materials through additives, stabilizers, reinforcements, and surface coatings. New materials, such as metal-oxide-based electrodes, alloys, composites, nanomaterials, and advanced electrolytes, have also been developed, capable of withstanding stress, operate across a wide temperature range, and reduce impedance by improving electrode-electrolyte interactions. They also aim to offer high-capacity storage and long cycle life. However, a research gap is found where little report has been made in regards to combining 3D electrode architectures and solid-state electrolytes (SSEs). This review goes on to show that synergizing these new materials holds the potential to deliver highly stable cells without compromising structural integrity (the electrode’s mechanical framework and interfacial cohesion under the stresses of lithiation/delithiation, temperature swings, and volume changes) and storage capacity over prolonged usage periods.

近年来，可持续能源已成为创新的焦点。锂离子电池（LIBs）是目前最流行的储能系统，广泛应用于汽车、消费电子和可再生能源领域。然而，传统的、商业上可用的lib既有优点，也有明显的局限性。这些限制来自于细胞内发生的各种反应，阻碍了它们的应用范围和有效性。连续充放电在电极中产生应力，而产生的热量使活性材料不稳定。此外，电极-电解质的相互作用会导致两种成分的降解。这些因素共同导致了lib中经常出现的性能不佳。为了解决这些问题，研究人员已经探索了通过添加剂、稳定剂、增强剂和表面涂层来改性现有材料。新材料，如金属氧化物电极、合金、复合材料、纳米材料和先进的电解质，也已经开发出来，能够承受应力，在很宽的温度范围内工作，并通过改善电极-电解质相互作用来降低阻抗。他们还致力于提供高容量存储和长循环寿命。然而，关于将3D电极结构与固态电解质（ses）相结合的研究报告很少，这是一个研究空白。这篇综述继续表明，协同这些新材料具有提供高度稳定电池的潜力，而不会影响结构完整性（电极的机械框架和界面凝聚力在锂化/衰减、温度波动和体积变化的应力下）和长时间使用期间的存储容量。

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引用次数: 0

A review of battery energy storage system for renewable energy penetration in electrical power system: Environmental impact, sizing methods, market features, and policy frameworks 可再生能源在电力系统中渗透的电池储能系统综述：环境影响、规模方法、市场特征和政策框架

Future Batteries

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fub.2025.100106

Tha'er Jaradat , Tamer Khatib

This review establishes a comprehensive development framework for Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) integration into electrical power systems to enhance renewable energy penetration across four critical dimensions: environmental impact via Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), BESS optimal sizing methodologies, market features, and policy frameworks.

Key findings reveal that Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) batteries exhibit superior environmental performance across multiple impact categories, with manufacturing contributing 60–80 % of global warming potential for Li-ion chemistries. Multi-objective optimization either using numerical (e.g., MILP, SOCP) or AI-based (e.g., GA, PSO) methods dominate sizing research, yet fewer than 15 % of studies integrate environmental objectives. Effective deployment hinges on financial incentives (e.g., investment tax credits, performance-based rewards), streamlined regulations enabling market participation, and R&D focused on sustainable materials and recycling. Critical gaps persist, including the need for standardized LCI databases for stationary applications, sizing frameworks combining techno-economic and environmental objectives validated on real distribution networks, and policies dynamically linking incentives to lifecycle sustainability. This work bridges previously disconnected research streams to guide sustainable BESS grid integration.

本综述为电池储能系统（BESS）集成到电力系统中建立了一个全面的开发框架，以提高可再生能源在四个关键方面的渗透：通过生命周期评估（LCA）的环境影响，BESS最佳规模方法，市场特征和政策框架。主要研究结果显示，磷酸铁锂（LFP）电池在多个影响类别中表现出卓越的环保性能，制造对锂离子化学物质的全球变暖潜势贡献了60 - 80% %。使用数值方法（例如，MILP， SOCP）或基于人工智能（例如，GA， PSO）的多目标优化方法主导了规模研究，但只有不到15% %的研究整合了环境目标。有效的部署取决于财政激励（例如，投资税收抵免，基于绩效的奖励），使市场参与的简化法规，以及专注于可持续材料和回收的研发。关键的差距仍然存在，包括对固定应用的标准化LCI数据库的需求，结合技术经济和环境目标的规模框架，以及将激励与生命周期可持续性动态联系起来的政策。这项工作连接了以前脱节的研究流，以指导可持续的BESS电网整合。

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引用次数: 0

Advanced regenerative braking system for EVs: Leveraging BLDC‑supercapacitor technologies for optimized energy recovery, economic viability, and maintenance strategies 先进的电动汽车再生制动系统：利用无刷直流超级电容器技术优化能量回收、经济可行性和维护策略

Future Batteries

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fub.2025.100103

Nasif Hannan , Sowrov Komar Shib , Abu Shufian , Md Ashikul Islam , SM Mobasshir Islam Sharan , Anik Das Gupta

Electric vehicles (EVs) offer a pathway to a cleaner and quieter future; however, a considerable portion of their braking energy is still dissipated as heat rather than being recuperated. To address this inefficiency, the present study proposes an advanced regenerative braking architecture that integrates high-power supercapacitors with precision-controlled Brushless DC (BLDC) motors. Employing adaptive control algorithms, the system captures up to 92.5 % of kinetic energy during deceleration, directing it first to supercapacitors for rapid storage, then gradually to the primary battery. This dual-stage energy strategy reduces thermal losses, extends battery lifespan, and ensures fast, reliable braking response. The adaptability of the proposed system is validated under various real-world conditions, including urban traffic, highway speeds, and steep inclines. Statistical validation through confidence intervals and error bars reinforces the reliability of the results. A cost-benefit analysis confirms commercial feasibility, highlighting savings in energy consumption, brake wear, and battery replacement within standard service intervals. Additionally, robust safety and maintenance strategies are outlined to ensure operational safety and long-term reliability. By converting wasted kinetic energy into a practical resource, this work lays the foundation for smarter, safer, and more sustainable electric mobility, accelerating the shift toward a truly carbon-neutral transportation future.

电动汽车（ev）为更清洁、更安静的未来提供了一条途径；然而，他们的制动能量的相当大的一部分仍然消散为热，而不是被回收。为了解决这种低效率问题，本研究提出了一种先进的再生制动架构，该架构将高功率超级电容器与精确控制的无刷直流（BLDC）电机集成在一起。采用自适应控制算法，该系统在减速过程中捕获高达92.5 %的动能，首先将其引导到超级电容器中进行快速存储，然后逐渐转移到一次电池中。这种双级能量策略减少了热损失，延长了电池寿命，并确保了快速、可靠的制动响应。该系统的适应性在各种现实条件下得到了验证，包括城市交通、高速公路速度和陡坡。通过置信区间和误差条进行统计验证，增强了结果的可靠性。成本效益分析证实了商业可行性，强调在标准维修间隔内节省了能源消耗、刹车磨损和电池更换。此外，还概述了稳健的安全和维护策略，以确保运行安全性和长期可靠性。通过将浪费的动能转化为实用资源，这项工作为更智能、更安全、更可持续的电动交通奠定了基础，加速了向真正的碳中和交通未来的转变。

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引用次数: 0