Geosystems and Geoenvironment最新文献

{"title":"The supergiant Witwatersrand Goldfield: A result of anhydrous mantle degassing on Earth’s earliest supercontinent","authors":"Liang Zhang ,&nbsp;David I. Groves ,&nbsp;John L. Walshe","doi":"10.1016/j.geogeo.2025.100456","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geogeo.2025.100456","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The origin of the supergiant high grade Witwatersrand gold deposits has attracted debate for several decades with modified gold placer models contrasting with orogenic gold crustal metamorphic models. Neither explains the anomalous quantities of gold, pyrobitumen, and ‘carbon leaders’ in the Basin during the otherwise gold- and carbon-poor Mesoarchean. The Witwatersrand, part of a trilogy with the Bushveld Complex PGE-Cr-Fe-Ti-V and Kaapvaal diamond fields as the largest deposits globally, is unique, requiring consideration of a tectonic-scale non-conventional model to explain it.</div><div>Host to the Witwatersrand Basin, the Kaapvaal Craton represents a continental block within the first supercontinent Ur. Iron-Ni alloy inclusions and terrestrial-like C isotopes in CLIPPIR diamonds within the Craton provide evidence for the addition of metals, including those that later resided in cumulate slurries in the giant Bushveld Complex, to the mantle during Archean core-mantle-crust overturns. Mesoarchean mantle degassing is considered the most likely key process for transport of gold by anhydrous fluids as indicated by CH₄ and H₂ inclusions in CLIPPIR diamonds. The lithosphere-scale Colesberg suture on the western margin of the Witwatersrand Basin, the entry for sedimentary fans during deposition of the Central Rand gold reefs and carbon leaders, represents reactivation of a subduction zone during breakup of Ur at ca. 3.0–2.9 Ga. It is proposed that this suture, recognized as a break in lithosphere profiles, acted as the conduit for CH₄ and H₂ fluids carrying Au in metal hydrides to the mid-upper mantle where CH₄ and H₂ dissociated to form hydrocarbons which extracted additional Au from mantle sulfides. The gold and hydrocarbons were then exhaled on to the western hinterland of the Witwatersrand Basin to provide the anomalous quantity of Au and C required to explain both the Witwatersrand endowment and why such a unique conjunction of factors has never occurred again in Earth history, although most subsequent primary gold-rich deposits are also now considered to have had a mantle connection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100582,"journal":{"name":"Geosystems and Geoenvironment","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100456"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145095462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paleoproterozoic rift-related volcanism and associated ore mineralization in the Alwar Basin, India","authors":"R. Sajeev ,&nbsp;Dinesh Pandit ,&nbsp;M. Santosh ,&nbsp;Cheng-Xue Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.geogeo.2025.100455","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geogeo.2025.100455","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alwar Basin, located within the North Delhi Fold Belt (NDFB) of India, is a key area to study the processes of Precambrian geological history and related mineralization. In this study, we document two discrete pulses of volcanic activity in the Alwar Basin, dated at 1.865 ± 0.021 Ga and 1.635 ± 0.017 Ga, recorded by weighted‐mean zircon U–Pb ages. These episodic eruptions generated a compositional spectrum from basalt through rhyolite, emplacing volcanic sequences in a shallow‐marine, within‐plate rift environment. Subsequent percolation of metal‐rich hydrothermal fluids – driven by sustained heat flux and extensional fracturing – focused along stratigraphic contacts and pre‐existing weak planes, precipitating Cu–Pb–Zn sulfide mineralization within quartz–carbonate veins. Geochemical signatures, including peraluminous major‐ and trace‐element patterns and characteristic REE anomalies, further attest to syn-rift magma evolution and crustal assimilation. This pulsatory volcanism and linked hydrothermal activity were pivotal in concentrating base metals, revealing the interplay between Precambrian rifting and ore genesis in the North Delhi Fold Belt.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100582,"journal":{"name":"Geosystems and Geoenvironment","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100455"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145095447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combining MCDM and geospatial techniques to identify groundwater potential zones and trend analysis of rainfall and well water level data: An investigation in the Prayagraj and Kaushambi districts","authors":"Swarnim,&nbsp;Jayant Nath Tripathi,&nbsp;Irjesh Sonker,&nbsp;Ritesh Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.geogeo.2025.100454","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geogeo.2025.100454","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research employed remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) to figure out the groundwater potential zones (GWPZ) in the Prayagraj and Kaushambi districts of Uttar Pradesh, India, where groundwater is heavily exploited for agriculture and urbanisation and government policies being implemented for enhancing the groundwater level. The study region contains both (confined and unconfined) type of groundwater. The following variables were utilised to produce groundwater potential zone (GWPZ) maps: geology, precipitation, geomorphology, soil texture, lineament frequency, slope, drainage density, topographic wetness index (TWI), land use and land cover and normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI).</div><div>Prior to the fusion of the layers, multicollinearity assessments were performed to ascertain the accuracy of the predictive outcome. The chosen themes were included into a GIS platform with a weighted linear combination, with distinct weights allocated to different themes through the multi-influencing factor (MIF) and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) methodologies. Based on the groundwater prospective zones, the research area was divided into three groups: high potential, moderate potential, and low potential zones. Groundwater potential zones are sequentially identified by the MIF method as follows: High (16.35%; 1173.79 km²), Moderate (76.28%; 5477.24 km²), and Low (7.38%; 529.64 km²), while the AHP method identifies the same zones as follows: High (10.01%; 717.87 km²), Moderate (80.92%; 5810.41 km²), and Low (9.09%; 652.40 km²) in a consecutive manner. The accuracy of the maps was determined by comparing them to well water level data using the receivers operating characteristic curve (ROC). The AHP and MIF approaches yielded accuracy rates of 79.9% and 77% respectively. According to the trend analysis of rainfall for 34 years and water level of wells of 26 years for post-monsoon and pre-monsoon season the rainfall is increasing and groundwater level is decreasing. The GWPZ assessment and monitoring techniques are accurate and fair. Thus, this research is essential for creating a more efficient framework that can speed up groundwater recharge analysis and guide the installation of artificial recharge structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100582,"journal":{"name":"Geosystems and Geoenvironment","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100454"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145095464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncovering the Late Cretaceous paleoenvironment and paleoclimate of the Agbaja Plateau, Bida Basin, Nigeria: An inorganic geochemical analysis of shales and implications for organic matter enrichment","authors":"Olusola J. Ojo ,&nbsp;Suraju A. Adepoju ,&nbsp;Ayodeji Awe ,&nbsp;Moses O. Adeoye ,&nbsp;Emmanuel G. Olumayede ,&nbsp;Otobong S. Ndukwe ,&nbsp;Sikiru O. Abdulraman ,&nbsp;Abdulrazaq K. Haruna ,&nbsp;Yusuf A. Jimoh","doi":"10.1016/j.geogeo.2025.100452","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geogeo.2025.100452","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The bulk geochemical composition of the shale samples of the Maastrichtian Patti Formation exposed at the Agbaja Plateau, southern Bida Basin, Nigeria was studied using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and inductive coupled plasma mass spectrophotometry (ICPMS) techniques. The objectives of this study are to decipher their paleoenvironment, palaeoclimate and examine the influence of the paleogeographic conditions on the hydrocarbon source rock potential. The geochemical proxies indicate that the shales were deposited under oxic and warm and humid conditions. The plots of V/(V + Ni) vs. U/Th and Ni/Co vs. U/Th support the oxic setting for the shales. The slight Ce anomalies (0.93–1.26), ΣREE (39.40–1607.37 ppm) and (La/Yb)_N ratio (4.11–10.78 ppm) are in support of the sub-oxic to oxic condition. The studied shales show Th/U values from 1.98 to 4.38 which indicates prevalence of high primary paleoproductivity. The clustering of the analyzed samples near the A-K line in the A-CN-K (Al₂O₃-CaO + Na₂O-K₂O) ternary diagram depicts an intense chemical weathering in the source region. In conclusion, the obtained paleogeographic scenario in the study area (warm temperature, high precipitation, oxic to dysoxic condition, and moderate to high primary paleoproductivity) typical of the west Africa upper Cretaceous and freshwater to brackish water environment would have supported the development of moderate organic matter rich source beds with potential for gas and oil in the Bida Basin. This study has underscored the significance of understanding the interplay between sedimentary environment, organic productivity and organic matter enrichment in predicting and exploring hydrocarbon source rocks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100582,"journal":{"name":"Geosystems and Geoenvironment","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100452"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145019026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review on the application of geophysical methods in civil engineering studies","authors":"A.A. Akinlalu ,&nbsp;M.M. Futai ,&nbsp;D.O. Afolabi ,&nbsp;R.M. Abraham-A","doi":"10.1016/j.geogeo.2025.100453","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geogeo.2025.100453","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper reviewed the application of geophysical methods in civil engineering projects by way of subsurface characterization by examining more than 75 publications in peer–reviewed journals. The paper highlighted various geological conditions considered in engineering site characterization and the appropriate geophysical methods such as electrical resistivity tomography, seismic refraction tomography, self-potential, induced polarization, electromagnetic, multichannel analysis of surface waves and magnetic methods used in subsurface characterization. Case studies drawn from 26 publications were presented to show the successful application of geophysical methods in subsurface characterization in relation to civil engineering projects. The paper also highlighted the challenges of geophysical data in civil engineering projects involving ambiguities in data interpretation, complexity in data processing and high noise to signal ratio in culturally noisy environments. Resolutions in the limitations and challenges of geophysical methods in civil engineering characterization were also offered in the paper, chief among them is integrated use of geophysical methods which has gained traction in recent years. Further solutions are incorporating appropriate band pass filters in the design of geophysical equipment’s to enhance signal to noise ratio in culturally noisy environments. Future researches in the use of geophysical methods in subsurface characterization in relation to civil engineering projects should involve joint inversion and modelling of integrated geophysical methods to achieve optimum results for subsurface imaging. Future researches should also incorporate the integration of machine learning and deep learning techniques, which enhance automated interpretation, facilitate anomaly detection, and enable real-time geophysical monitoring in civil infrastructure applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100582,"journal":{"name":"Geosystems and Geoenvironment","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100453"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145095446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paleo-weathering and paleoclimate of the Miocene syn-rift sandstones in the Midyan Basin, NW Saudi Arabia: Petrographic and geochemical constrains","authors":"Madyan A. Yahya ,&nbsp;Hamdalla A. Wanas ,&nbsp;Faisal A. Alqahtani ,&nbsp;Amara Masrouhi ,&nbsp;Murad R. Abdulfarraj","doi":"10.1016/j.geogeo.2025.100451","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geogeo.2025.100451","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to investigate the provenance, tectonic setting, paleo-weathering, and paleoclimate of sandstones of the syn-rift Oligocene?-Middle-Miocene Sharik and Nutaysh formations in the Midyan Basin, located in the northwestern portion of Saudi Arabia. This has been achieved by a multidisciplinary approach combining fieldwork, petrographic analysis, and bulk-rock geochemistry (major, trace and rare earth elements) of sandstones of the Sharik and Nutaysh formations. Integrated petrographic and geochemical data indicate that the studied sandstones are predominantly of sublithic and subarkose arenites. These sandstones were mainly derived from felsic plutonic igneous (mainly granite) and volcanic (mainly andesite and rhyolite tuff) rocks, with a lesser contribution from recycled sedimentary (mainly sandstone, mudrock and chert) and metamorphic (mainly gneiss) sources. These source rocks are typical of a craton interior with notable input from transitional continental and quartzose recycled orogenic tectonic provenance. They were belonged to the nearby Neoproterozoic basement rocks located in the northwest of the study area, as indicated by paleocurrent direction. These source rocks were tecttonically linked to an active continental margin to a continental island arc. These tectonic settings were subsequently influenced by rifting, as evidenced by discrimination function diagrams based on the high-and low-silica sandstone samples. In terms of paleoweathering and paleoclimate,the studied sandstones experienced a week to moderate chemical weathering under semi-arid to semi-humid climatic condition (low to moderate rainfall ranges from 250 to 1000 mm per year). With respect to tectono-sedimentary evolution, the alluvial sandstones of the Sharik Formation were deposited during the initial stages of continental extension and gradual subsidence linked to the early syn-rift phase in the Oligocene?-Early Miocene. The deposition of the deep-sea sandstones of the Nutaysh Formation were deposited during a period of accelerated subsidence in the Early-Middle Miocene, corresponding to the rift climax. Findings of the present study is consistent with the Oligo-Miocene broader tectono-sedimentary evolution of the region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100582,"journal":{"name":"Geosystems and Geoenvironment","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100451"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144916568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological, mineralogical and geochemical characterization of Ngaoundal soils (Adamawa-Cameroon): Implications for weathering mechanisms and trajectories in tropical zones","authors":"Abdoul Aboubakar ,&nbsp;Ilalie Bertille Kentsa Manefouet ,&nbsp;Loique Rodolph Mbounou Azefack ,&nbsp;Yannick Langollo Tchedele ,&nbsp;Dalil Adoulko ,&nbsp;Demonstel Yvan Ntomb ,&nbsp;Abakar Mahamat ,&nbsp;Jacques Wadjou Wassouo ,&nbsp;Quentin marc Anaba Fotze","doi":"10.1016/j.geogeo.2025.100450","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geogeo.2025.100450","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ngaoundal, located in the Adamaoua region of Cameroon, has a tropical climate and is known for its characteristic soils. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the action of weathering on Ngaoundal's lateritic soils. Morpho-structural, mineralogical and geochemical analyses enabled us to carry out this study. The morphological study carried out on 15 soil samples shows a variation in colour from reddish (2.5YR 5/8) to dark brown (7.5YR 6/8), varying from reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/8), orange brown (10YR 5/6) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/4), and have clayey to sandy-clayey matrices with nodules of the order of millimetres to centimetres. X-ray diffractometry and x-ray fluorescence show the following mineral phases in Ngaoundal's lateritic soils: quartz, goethite, gibbsite, kaolinite, hematite, magnetite, anatase and boehmite. Geochemical analysis of these soils shows high average levels of SiO₂ (36.41 %), Fe₂O₃ (31.48 %) and Al₂O₃ (17.72 %), and low average levels of TiO₂ (1.02 %) and CaO (0.36 %), which characterise characteristic soils rich in ferruginous oxide and alumina oxide. The weathering indices of Ngaoundal soils (sesquioxide ratio) vary between 0.22 and 2.98 with an average of 1.09. This average value qualifies these soils as lateritic soils rich in gibbsite and kaolinite (average CIA = 96.38 %) and resulting from chemical alteration of the hydrolysis type (alloying and monosiallitisation).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100582,"journal":{"name":"Geosystems and Geoenvironment","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100450"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144895609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pore size characterization of Cretaceous ironstone by low-field nuclear magnetic resonance technique","authors":"A.A. Ige-Adeyeye ,&nbsp;O.B. Olatinsu ,&nbsp;V.C. Ozebo ,&nbsp;L. Esteban","doi":"10.1016/j.geogeo.2025.100449","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geogeo.2025.100449","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The microstructure of Cretaceous ironstone samples of Yewa within Eastern Dahomey Basin in Southwest Nigeria, has been investigated using low-field nuclear magnetic resonance and conventional porosity measurements. The aim was to evaluate the porosity and pore structure for heat flow consideration in blast furnace or rotary kiln. A total of eighteen iron core samples were analyzed using: X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy to determine the percentage composition of iron content; water imbibition porosity (WIP) from dry and saturated sample weights; and low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements at full water saturation for pore structure and pore size distribution. The average percentage by weight of iron content in the samples is 55 %. Porosity and water content from NMR and WIP shows high degree correlation of 79 % and 97 %, respectively with average porosities from both procedures given as 22.06 pu. and 21.96 pu., respectively. The NMR-<em>T</em>₂ distributions depict multimodal pore system with high degree of connectivity. The transverse relaxation time ranges have been classified into three regions: micropores, 0.3162–0.5012 ms, mesopores, 19.95–84.28 ms and macropores, 199.5–2117 ms, respectively. Using an established average surface relaxivity value (338 µms⁻¹) for haematite, the logarithmic mean of pore radius was estimated from the pore size distributions with values of 0.3098 µm, 33.57 µm and 733.3 µm, for micropores, mesopores and macropores, respectively. The strong pore connectivity demonstrated by the NMR-<em>T</em>₂ distribution, porosity values, and pore geometry all provide strong evidence that the iron ore samples from the study site will maximize heat and gas flow, improve reducibility and increase process efficiency in a rotary kiln or blast furnace. These findings provide valuable insights into the petrophysical characteristics of Yewa iron ores, thereby enhancing our understanding of its potential applications in the mining and ore processing industries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100582,"journal":{"name":"Geosystems and Geoenvironment","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100449"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144879908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying seawater intrusion in coastal areas using the transient electromagnetic method at Santolo Beach, Garut, West Java, Indonesia","authors":"Vitasha Adha Chaerul ,&nbsp;I Gede Putu Fadjar Soerya Djaja ,&nbsp;Prihandhanu Mukti Pratomo ,&nbsp;Supriyadi ,&nbsp;Elfitra Desifatma ,&nbsp;Anggie Susilawati ,&nbsp;Dini Andriani ,&nbsp;Harry Mahardika ,&nbsp;Eleonora Agustine ,&nbsp;Wahyu Srigutomo","doi":"10.1016/j.geogeo.2025.100440","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geogeo.2025.100440","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seawater intrusion contaminates freshwater in coastal areas, disrupting the environment and posing health risks due to high chloride content. Monitoring and mapping the seawater-freshwater interface is essential for evaluating and mitigating the environmental damage caused by this phenomenon. A widely used geophysical technique for mapping is the transient electromagnetic (TEM) method, which detects seawater intrusion by leveraging the significant resistivity differences between saline water, freshwater, and other geological layers.</div><div>This study utilized 21 TEM sounding points at Santolo Beach, Garut, West Java, Indonesia. The data were processed through an iterative inversion procedure using a smoothness constraint scheme. Interpretation of the transient magnetic field across all sounding points revealed a resistivity structure comprising three main layers: (1) a surface layer with high resistivity (&gt;50 Ωm) extending to a depth of 15 m and thinning as it moves away from the coastline; (2) a middle layer with moderate resistivity (5–50 Ωm), ranging from 15 m to 40 m and thickening inland; and (3) a conductive layer, identified as seawater intrusion, with low resistivity (&lt;5 Ωm), situated &gt;40 m deep and deepening farther from the coastline. Additionally, water quality at several TEM sounding points was assessed using parameters such as total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), pH, and water temperature. The findings indicate that surface water in the area, obtained from wells and swamps, meets the required quality standards for potable water.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100582,"journal":{"name":"Geosystems and Geoenvironment","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100440"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144827757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urbanization induced heat wave risk assessment of Khulna City, Bangladesh: A 30-years analysis of land surface temperature, climate trends and forecasting","authors":"Nusrat Jahan Suborna ,&nbsp;Raian Islam Evan ,&nbsp;Mostafa Jaman Rabby ,&nbsp;Maksudur Rahman ,&nbsp;Arabe Khan ,&nbsp;Md Mahmudul Hasan Rakib ,&nbsp;Rahat Khan ,&nbsp;Irteja Hasan ,&nbsp;Dhiman Kumer Roy","doi":"10.1016/j.geogeo.2025.100448","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geogeo.2025.100448","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines how urbanization has influenced heatwave risk in Khulna, Bangladesh, from 1993 to 2023 by analyzing changes in land surface temperature (LST) and land use land cover (LULC) using satellite imagery and statistical methods. Over the 30‐year period, mean LST rose by 7 °C, with 23.7 % of Khulna now classified as an excessive heat zone. The Mann–Kendall (MK) test and Sen’s slope (SS) estimator confirm a significant warming trend, particularly during the warmest months. Pearson correlation (PC) analysis indicates a negative relationship between temperature and humidity, exacerbating heatwave severity. LULC results reveal that urbanized areas have expanded approximately threefold while vegetation cover has decreased by nearly 50 %. Using a seasonal-trend decomposition based on LOESS with an auto regressive integrated moving average (STL‐ARIMA) model, the study forecasts 29 additional heatwave days exceeding 36 °C over the next five years. This projection suggests a likely intensification of the urban heat island (UHI) effect driven by rapid urban growth and diminished natural spaces, heightening heat‐related hazards. The findings support the need for sustainable urban development strategies in Khulna, such as increasing green cover and improving water management to inform policy interventions aimed at mitigating rising heat risks in the city’s expanding urban environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100582,"journal":{"name":"Geosystems and Geoenvironment","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100448"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144863948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}