Photo-synaptic receptors emulating the natural biological photodetectors in human retina are required to build artificial visual perceptional systems as a new solution for augmented reality. Biological photoreceptors transform continuous light illumination into pulse-train like frequency-modulated signals. However, state-of-art photo-synaptic electronic devices are only capable of transforming light pulse signals into synaptic current signals without mimicking biological photodetectors. Here, a photo-synaptic pixel circuit (PSPC) for artificial retina with organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) is reported to demonstrate a frequency-modulated spiking signals output responding to continuous light illumination. The reported PSPC is supposed to smooth the way for biomimetic photoreceptor arrays served as an artificial retina. In this work, photo-sensing is achieved by building a PSPC with phototransistors using indacenodithiophene-benzothiadiazole (IDT-BT) as the active layer. By applying continuous light illumination intensities ranging from 0 W/m 2 to 2.7 W/m 2 (to mimic the standard indoor intensity around 1 W/m 2 ), the frequency of the photo-synaptic pixel circuit output is modulated from 416 Hz to 990 Hz, with a positive correlation between input light intensity and output signal frequency. This work provides a photodetector with continuous photo-sensing, with a biomimetic conversion of light intensity to frequency-modulated signals.
{"title":"A Photo-Synaptic Pixel Circuit for Artificial Retina With Organic Thin-Film Transistors","authors":"Yixun Hu;Yishen Sun;Yilun Zhong;Jian Zhao;Chenxin Zhu;Chen Jiang","doi":"10.1109/OJID.2024.3445340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJID.2024.3445340","url":null,"abstract":"Photo-synaptic receptors emulating the natural biological photodetectors in human retina are required to build artificial visual perceptional systems as a new solution for augmented reality. Biological photoreceptors transform continuous light illumination into pulse-train like frequency-modulated signals. However, state-of-art photo-synaptic electronic devices are only capable of transforming light pulse signals into synaptic current signals without mimicking biological photodetectors. Here, a photo-synaptic pixel circuit (PSPC) for artificial retina with organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) is reported to demonstrate a frequency-modulated spiking signals output responding to continuous light illumination. The reported PSPC is supposed to smooth the way for biomimetic photoreceptor arrays served as an artificial retina. In this work, photo-sensing is achieved by building a PSPC with phototransistors using indacenodithiophene-benzothiadiazole (IDT-BT) as the active layer. By applying continuous light illumination intensities ranging from 0 W/m\u0000<sup>2</sup>\u0000 to 2.7 W/m\u0000<sup>2</sup>\u0000 (to mimic the standard indoor intensity around 1 W/m\u0000<sup>2</sup>\u0000), the frequency of the photo-synaptic pixel circuit output is modulated from 416 Hz to 990 Hz, with a positive correlation between input light intensity and output signal frequency. This work provides a photodetector with continuous photo-sensing, with a biomimetic conversion of light intensity to frequency-modulated signals.","PeriodicalId":100634,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal on Immersive Displays","volume":"1 ","pages":"119-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10638747","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142246529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Extended Reality (XR), including Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), and Mixed Reality (MR), has rapidly advanced, offering immersive experiences to users. Among these technologies, AR has gained prominence for seamlessly integrating virtual and real-world scenes, enabling the augmented experience. However, assessing the quality of AR images remains a critical challenge for the lack of investigation on the interaction between the virtual-world contents and real-world scenes in real cases. In this work, we construct an AR image quality assessment database in real applications based on an AR HMD. Then we analyze the subjective quality ratings in real AR environments and perform objective quality assessment using state-of-the-art models. This comprehensive subjective and objective analysis enhance our understanding of the Quality of Experience (QoE) in AR.
包括虚拟现实（VR）、增强现实（AR）和混合现实（MR）在内的扩展现实（XR）技术发展迅速，为用户提供了身临其境的体验。在这些技术中，增强现实技术因能将虚拟场景与现实场景无缝结合，从而实现增强体验而备受瞩目。然而，由于缺乏对实际案例中虚拟世界内容与现实世界场景之间互动的研究，评估 AR 图像的质量仍然是一个严峻的挑战。在这项工作中，我们构建了一个基于 AR HMD 的真实应用中的 AR 图像质量评估数据库。然后，我们分析了真实 AR 环境中的主观质量评级，并使用最先进的模型进行了客观质量评估。这种全面的主观和客观分析增强了我们对 AR 体验质量（QoE）的理解。
{"title":"Subjective and Objective Quality Assessment for Augmented Reality Images","authors":"Pengfei Wang;Huiyu Duan;Zongyi Xie;Xiongkuo Min;Guangtao Zhai","doi":"10.1109/OJID.2024.3441511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJID.2024.3441511","url":null,"abstract":"Extended Reality (XR), including Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), and Mixed Reality (MR), has rapidly advanced, offering immersive experiences to users. Among these technologies, AR has gained prominence for seamlessly integrating virtual and real-world scenes, enabling the augmented experience. However, assessing the quality of AR images remains a critical challenge for the lack of investigation on the interaction between the virtual-world contents and real-world scenes in real cases. In this work, we construct an AR image quality assessment database in real applications based on an AR HMD. Then we analyze the subjective quality ratings in real AR environments and perform objective quality assessment using state-of-the-art models. This comprehensive subjective and objective analysis enhance our understanding of the Quality of Experience (QoE) in AR.","PeriodicalId":100634,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal on Immersive Displays","volume":"1 ","pages":"135-145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10632616","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142246530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Various light emitting diode (LED) technologies have been developed for immersive displays. The continuous demands on improvement of display quality, particularly for immersive applications, imposes significant challenges and even more strict requirements in terms of the thin-film transistor (TFT) backplane. This is especially true with organic LED (OLED) for large size panels and micro-LEDs which is undergoing a surge in development to cope with new applications. This paper reviews the two key TFT display backplane technologies for high-end displays along with pertinent driving schemes. The technical challenges for further development are discussed.
{"title":"Thin-Film Transistor Technologies and Compensation Schemes for Active-Matrix LED Displays","authors":"Li'Ang Deng;Yu Huang;Bang Ouyang;Rongrong Shi;Weihong Yang;Zikang Mei;Hongbang Wu;Gufeng He;Arokia Nathan;Xiaojun Guo","doi":"10.1109/OJID.2024.3367068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJID.2024.3367068","url":null,"abstract":"Various light emitting diode (LED) technologies have been developed for immersive displays. The continuous demands on improvement of display quality, particularly for immersive applications, imposes significant challenges and even more strict requirements in terms of the thin-film transistor (TFT) backplane. This is especially true with organic LED (OLED) for large size panels and micro-LEDs which is undergoing a surge in development to cope with new applications. This paper reviews the two key TFT display backplane technologies for high-end displays along with pertinent driving schemes. The technical challenges for further development are discussed.","PeriodicalId":100634,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal on Immersive Displays","volume":"1 ","pages":"95-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10496917","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140639415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is of great promise to achieve immersive experience with display-based human-machine interfaces (HMIs) for various end devices ranging from smart phones, PADs to various types of spatial computing devices. This paper reviews the key technologies and challenges in the three key steps of sensing, computing, and displaying for achieving immersive HMI systems. Development of various sensing technologies enables accurate recognition of input information from human. Meanwhile, sensing and reconstruction of the surrounding environment, including 3D scene and other related information, is also key. To overcome the constraints of energy and hardware, near-/in-sensor computing and edge-cloud collaborative computing can be adopted to minimize the requirement of local computational resources. As the final step, the system must be able to display a updated scene with visual and other related information in real-time for the user to perceive with immersive experience. In addition to continuous efforts on key components, system-level design and new heterogenous integration or packaging techniques for physically realizing compact “sense-compute-display” systems with less data transmission and more efficient computation are demanded.
{"title":"Towards Immersive Human-Machine Interfaces: Sensing, Computing and Displaying","authors":"Runchuan Ma;Rui Li;Hao Gong;Shengbiao Hu;Haowen Zhao;Xiaojun Guo","doi":"10.1109/OJID.2024.3384141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJID.2024.3384141","url":null,"abstract":"It is of great promise to achieve immersive experience with display-based human-machine interfaces (HMIs) for various end devices ranging from smart phones, PADs to various types of spatial computing devices. This paper reviews the key technologies and challenges in the three key steps of sensing, computing, and displaying for achieving immersive HMI systems. Development of various sensing technologies enables accurate recognition of input information from human. Meanwhile, sensing and reconstruction of the surrounding environment, including 3D scene and other related information, is also key. To overcome the constraints of energy and hardware, near-/in-sensor computing and edge-cloud collaborative computing can be adopted to minimize the requirement of local computational resources. As the final step, the system must be able to display a updated scene with visual and other related information in real-time for the user to perceive with immersive experience. In addition to continuous efforts on key components, system-level design and new heterogenous integration or packaging techniques for physically realizing compact “sense-compute-display” systems with less data transmission and more efficient computation are demanded.","PeriodicalId":100634,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal on Immersive Displays","volume":"1 ","pages":"86-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10487864","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140559316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1109/OJID.2024.3383373
Kai Wang;Weikang Yan
Metaverse applications have led to rapid developments in information display, in particular, immersive display. There have been a few immersive display devices on the market to meet various application scenarios both indoors and outdoors. This paper overviews current immersive display technologies including binocular stereo and naked-eye stereo types and addresses limitations those technologies face. To meet the fast-growing demand on immersive displays in the future, research and development efforts on enabling display device technologies and associated optics are discussed.
{"title":"An Introduction to Immersive Display Technologies","authors":"Kai Wang;Weikang Yan","doi":"10.1109/OJID.2024.3383373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJID.2024.3383373","url":null,"abstract":"Metaverse applications have led to rapid developments in information display, in particular, immersive display. There have been a few immersive display devices on the market to meet various application scenarios both indoors and outdoors. This paper overviews current immersive display technologies including binocular stereo and naked-eye stereo types and addresses limitations those technologies face. To meet the fast-growing demand on immersive displays in the future, research and development efforts on enabling display device technologies and associated optics are discussed.","PeriodicalId":100634,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal on Immersive Displays","volume":"1 ","pages":"79-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10487022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140548494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-16DOI: 10.1109/OJID.2024.3387033
Arokia Nathan
Dear readers, it is my great pleasure to introduce you to the new IEEE Open Journal on Immersive Displays (OJ-ID). It is a gold open-access, fully electronic scientific journal publishing papers in immersive display science and applications integral to technologies advancing the Metaverse. The journal's mission is to provide the immersive display science and applications community with a high-quality, peer-reviewed journal that fosters technological innovation and excellence while meeting author needs to publish within their funding requirements.
{"title":"Editorial Welcome to the New IEEE Open Journal on Immersive Displays","authors":"Arokia Nathan","doi":"10.1109/OJID.2024.3387033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJID.2024.3387033","url":null,"abstract":"Dear readers, it is my great pleasure to introduce you to the new \u0000<sc>IEEE Open Journal on Immersive Displays</small>\u0000 (OJ-ID). It is a gold open-access, fully electronic scientific journal publishing papers in immersive display science and applications integral to technologies advancing the Metaverse. The journal's mission is to provide the immersive display science and applications community with a high-quality, peer-reviewed journal that fosters technological innovation and excellence while meeting author needs to publish within their funding requirements.","PeriodicalId":100634,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal on Immersive Displays","volume":"1 ","pages":"106-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10532215","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140952465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We believe in the future of connection in the metaverse. The addition of immersive technologies such as augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) is the next step in this progression. In this paper, we will provide an overview of Meta's progress in display and optics development for AR and VR. The overview will cover different architectures that may lead to wide adoption of AR and VR devices in the near future as well as solutions that will mature over time. We will also discuss different components maturity and utilizing human perception for building systems made for human vision.
我们相信元宇宙中连接的未来。增强现实（AR）和虚拟现实（VR）等沉浸式技术的加入是这一进程的下一步。在本文中，我们将概述 Meta 在 AR 和 VR 显示和光学开发方面的进展。该概述将涵盖在不久的将来可能导致 AR 和 VR 设备广泛采用的不同架构，以及随着时间推移将逐渐成熟的解决方案。我们还将讨论不同组件的成熟度，以及利用人体感知构建人类视觉系统的问题。
{"title":"Display and Optics Architecture for Meta's AR/VR Development","authors":"Linghui Rao;Naamah Argaman;Jim Zhuang;Ajit Ninan;Cheonhong Kim;Daozhi Wang;Shizhe Shen","doi":"10.1109/OJID.2024.3370888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJID.2024.3370888","url":null,"abstract":"We believe in the future of connection in the metaverse. The addition of immersive technologies such as augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) is the next step in this progression. In this paper, we will provide an overview of Meta's progress in display and optics development for AR and VR. The overview will cover different architectures that may lead to wide adoption of AR and VR devices in the near future as well as solutions that will mature over time. We will also discuss different components maturity and utilizing human perception for building systems made for human vision.","PeriodicalId":100634,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal on Immersive Displays","volume":"1 ","pages":"71-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10452750","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140123392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-21DOI: 10.1109/OJID.2024.3368374
Zichun Li;Yibo Liu;Feng Feng;Zhaoyong Liu;Man Wong;Hoi Sing Kwok;Zhaojun Liu
Micro-LEDs have emerged as a promising fourth generation display technology with many advantages over traditional displays. However, the mass production of micro-LEDs still faces challenges, particularly in the production of high-quality red micro-LEDs. Low efficiency red micro-LEDs are a major challenge that needs to be overcome. In this paper, we focus on recent advancements in improving the device performance of InGaN-based red micro-LEDs. We summarize the various approaches taken by research groups in recent years to improve the efficiency and performance of red micro-LEDs at both the epitaxial and process levels. These include the use of InGaNOS substrates, increasing the density of V-shaped pits and other methods to improve crystal quality, the incorporation of nanostructures to enhance light extraction efficiency, and the optimization of fabrication processes to reduce defects and improve uniformity. These approaches have resulted in significant improvements in the efficiency and performance of red micro-LEDs. Despite these efforts, the development of efficient and reliable red micro-LEDs remains a critical challenge. Further research is needed to address the fundamental material and device physics underlying the performance limitations of red micro-LEDs.
与传统显示技术相比，微型 LED 具有许多优势，是一种前景广阔的第四代显示技术。然而，微型 LED 的大规模生产仍然面临挑战，尤其是在生产高质量的红色微型 LED 方面。低效率红色微型 LED 是需要克服的一大挑战。在本文中，我们将重点介绍在提高基于 InGaN 的红色微型 LED 器件性能方面的最新进展。我们总结了近年来各研究小组在外延和工艺层面提高红色微型 LED 效率和性能的各种方法。这些方法包括使用 InGaNOS 衬底、增加 V 形凹坑密度和其他方法来提高晶体质量、加入纳米结构以提高光提取效率，以及优化制造工艺以减少缺陷和提高均匀性。这些方法大大提高了红色微型 LED 的效率和性能。尽管做出了这些努力，但开发高效可靠的红色微型 LED 仍是一项严峻的挑战。要解决红色微型 LED 性能限制背后的基本材料和器件物理问题，还需要进一步的研究。
{"title":"Advancements in InGaN-Based Red Micro-LEDs","authors":"Zichun Li;Yibo Liu;Feng Feng;Zhaoyong Liu;Man Wong;Hoi Sing Kwok;Zhaojun Liu","doi":"10.1109/OJID.2024.3368374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJID.2024.3368374","url":null,"abstract":"Micro-LEDs have emerged as a promising fourth generation display technology with many advantages over traditional displays. However, the mass production of micro-LEDs still faces challenges, particularly in the production of high-quality red micro-LEDs. Low efficiency red micro-LEDs are a major challenge that needs to be overcome. In this paper, we focus on recent advancements in improving the device performance of InGaN-based red micro-LEDs. We summarize the various approaches taken by research groups in recent years to improve the efficiency and performance of red micro-LEDs at both the epitaxial and process levels. These include the use of InGaNOS substrates, increasing the density of V-shaped pits and other methods to improve crystal quality, the incorporation of nanostructures to enhance light extraction efficiency, and the optimization of fabrication processes to reduce defects and improve uniformity. These approaches have resulted in significant improvements in the efficiency and performance of red micro-LEDs. Despite these efforts, the development of efficient and reliable red micro-LEDs remains a critical challenge. Further research is needed to address the fundamental material and device physics underlying the performance limitations of red micro-LEDs.","PeriodicalId":100634,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal on Immersive Displays","volume":"1 ","pages":"62-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10443013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140123318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-05DOI: 10.1109/OJID.2024.3361859
Weiwei Li;Di Geng;Guanhua Yang;Nianduan Lu;Ling Li
Oxide thin-film transistor (TFT) technology is fast and well developed since its first invention, where it is now widely used in flat panel displays. Scaling down the size of oxide TFT to the nanometer regime brings benefits such as higher density integration, faster switching speed and lower operating voltage. This miniaturization allows for very small pixel sizes, crucial for active-matrix micro light-emitting diode displays, and in particular, holographic displays. With the development of submicron manufacturing technologies for oxide TFTs, we will witness new, high-performance applications emerging. In this review paper, most of the commonly used TFT device structures at the nanoscale will be introduced, including the lateral and vertical architectures. Then, selected applications utilizing oxide nanoscale TFTs will be presented. Challenges in scaling down, including reliability, short channel effects and high contact resistance, will be presented along with possible solutions.
{"title":"Review of Nanoscale Oxide Thin-Film Transistors for Emerging Display and Memory Applications","authors":"Weiwei Li;Di Geng;Guanhua Yang;Nianduan Lu;Ling Li","doi":"10.1109/OJID.2024.3361859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJID.2024.3361859","url":null,"abstract":"Oxide thin-film transistor (TFT) technology is fast and well developed since its first invention, where it is now widely used in flat panel displays. Scaling down the size of oxide TFT to the nanometer regime brings benefits such as higher density integration, faster switching speed and lower operating voltage. This miniaturization allows for very small pixel sizes, crucial for active-matrix micro light-emitting diode displays, and in particular, holographic displays. With the development of submicron manufacturing technologies for oxide TFTs, we will witness new, high-performance applications emerging. In this review paper, most of the commonly used TFT device structures at the nanoscale will be introduced, including the lateral and vertical architectures. Then, selected applications utilizing oxide nanoscale TFTs will be presented. Challenges in scaling down, including reliability, short channel effects and high contact resistance, will be presented along with possible solutions.","PeriodicalId":100634,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal on Immersive Displays","volume":"1 ","pages":"51-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10420427","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139987301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-11DOI: 10.1109/OJID.2024.3350604
Yue Kuo
The availability of high-quality flat panel displays today can be contributed to the advancement of the thin film transistor technology that enables the tight-control of the transmission, emission, or reflection of light from individual pixels in a large array. The development history of amorphous silicon, polycrystalline silicon, and metal oxide thin film transistors for commercial liquid crystal, organic light emitting device, micro-light emitting device, and electrophoretic displays are reviewed. Characteristics of these transistors are compared and limitations on applications are discussed. The trend of market growth of these displays is examined. Examples of the thin film transistor array in non-display products are shown. The advancement in two thin film transistor active matrix areas − flexible displays/electronics and smart display systems − have been identified and discussed as critical to the emerging high performance immersive displays.
{"title":"Thin Film Transistor Array Based Active Matrix Flat Panel Displays—Past and Next Application in Immersive Displays","authors":"Yue Kuo","doi":"10.1109/OJID.2024.3350604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJID.2024.3350604","url":null,"abstract":"The availability of high-quality flat panel displays today can be contributed to the advancement of the thin film transistor technology that enables the tight-control of the transmission, emission, or reflection of light from individual pixels in a large array. The development history of amorphous silicon, polycrystalline silicon, and metal oxide thin film transistors for commercial liquid crystal, organic light emitting device, micro-light emitting device, and electrophoretic displays are reviewed. Characteristics of these transistors are compared and limitations on applications are discussed. The trend of market growth of these displays is examined. Examples of the thin film transistor array in non-display products are shown. The advancement in two thin film transistor active matrix areas − flexible displays/electronics and smart display systems − have been identified and discussed as critical to the emerging high performance immersive displays.","PeriodicalId":100634,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal on Immersive Displays","volume":"1 ","pages":"28-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10391273","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139488158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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