iLABMED最新文献

Helicobacter pylori, a gram-negative microaerophilic bacterium, is implicated in a broad spectrum of upper gastrointestinal disorders, including chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, gastric cancer, and even certain extragastric diseases. Its ability to colonize and persist within the host is driven by a complex arsenal of colonization and virulence factors, underscoring the intricate dynamics of host–pathogen interactions. The clinical management of H. pylori remains challenging, primarily due to the absence of commercially available vaccines and the increasing prevalence of multidrug resistance. Accurate and reliable detection methods are therefore critical for preventing infections, identifying antibiotic resistance, and assessing treatment efficacy. Currently, both invasive and non-invasive diagnostic approaches are employed, each with unique strengths and limitations. This review provides a comprehensive overview of H. pylori pathogenesis, diagnostic strategies, and therapeutic interventions, highlighting the latest advancements in diagnostic and treatment technologies. By critically evaluating existing methods and exploring innovative approaches, this review aims to support future progress in the effective management of this globally prevalent pathogen.

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS) are acute, life-threatening complications of diabetes. The overlap of these conditions, termed hyperosmolar diabetic ketoacidosis (H-DKA), is associated with substantial morbidity due to its complex pathophysiology and high complication rates. Notably, cases of H-DKA with glucose levels exceeding 50 mmol/L are rarely reported in the literature. This study details the clinical course of two H-DKA patients who exhibited extreme hyperglycemia at presentation, despite having no prior diagnosis of diabetes. Both patients underwent aggressive fluid resuscitation and insulin therapy, alongside careful management of acute complications. Vital signs and laboratory parameters demonstrated substantial normalization within 3 days of treatment initiation, and no acute or long-term complications related to the therapeutic interventions were observed. These cases underscore the efficacy of timely and intensive therapeutic interventions in mitigating the risks associated with extreme hyperglycemia in H-DKA and highlight critical strategies for optimal patient outcomes.

KIM-1 can be upregulated by kidney injury, detectable in the blood during early DKD stages in diabetic patients, including those without albuminuria. Therefore, KIM-1 holds value for early diagnostic strategies.

Molecular point-of-care testing (POCT) is characterized by high sensitivity, low reagent demand, fast mixing speed, rapid turnaround time, and ease of use, making it appealing for diagnosing infectious diseases. Currently, most commercial molecular POCT systems are based on microfluidic platforms integrating complex fluid manipulation systems, such as sample processing, separation, reaction, and detection, with functional modules on a chip of just a few square centimeters to achieve rapid target detection. This review summarizes the latest advances in molecular POCT systems based on microfluidic platforms for diagnosing infectious diseases from academic and industrial perspectives. First, we cover microfluidic chips, the core component of molecular POCT systems, including materials, preparation processes, fluid drivers, and control units. Then, we describe key techniques implemented in molecular POCT systems for diagnosing infectious diseases, namely nucleic acid detection and reagent storage. Finally, we discuss clinical applications and development directions and highlight challenges in the quality control of molecular POCT systems.

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease that results from SFTS bunyavirus (SFTSV) infection. Infection with SFTSV can activate the immune system, producing a series of inflammatory factors. Some patients, particularly those with pre-existing conditions or at an advanced age, may experience an excessive inflammatory response, triggering systemic multi-organ failure progressing to severe disease and, potentially, death. In recent years, extensive research has been conducted on the mechanism of SFTSV infection and its interaction with host immune responses. Additionally, a range of biomarkers with significant prognostic value for SFTS have been identified. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the latest advancements in understanding the interplay between SFTSV and host immune responses, and elucidates the role of these biomarkers in the early detection of severe cases and fatal outcomes. The insights presented aim to inform strategies for early intervention, clinical treatment, and prognostic assessment of patients with SFTS.