Type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are an important class of innate immune cells that play a key role in regulating immune responses, maintaining tissue homeostasis, and participating in immune responses induced by inflammatory diseases. In lung inflammation, ILC2s drive the inflammatory response by secreting type 2 cytokines, and have a significant role in tissue repair and the maintenance of barrier function by secreting IL-9 and antimicrobial peptides. ILC2s activation and function are affected by various regulatory factors, including epithelial-derived alarmins such as IL-25, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin, neurotransmitters, metabolites and hormones. These regulatory factors affect the development and activation of ILC2s through signaling pathways under different pathological conditions. An in-depth study of regulatory factors is expected to provide new targets and strategies for the treatment of lung inflammation.
{"title":"Regulatory factors of ILC2 are therapeutic targets for lung inflammation","authors":"Lele Cui, Yajie Wang","doi":"10.1002/ila2.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ila2.59","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are an important class of innate immune cells that play a key role in regulating immune responses, maintaining tissue homeostasis, and participating in immune responses induced by inflammatory diseases. In lung inflammation, ILC2s drive the inflammatory response by secreting type 2 cytokines, and have a significant role in tissue repair and the maintenance of barrier function by secreting IL-9 and antimicrobial peptides. ILC2s activation and function are affected by various regulatory factors, including epithelial-derived alarmins such as IL-25, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin, neurotransmitters, metabolites and hormones. These regulatory factors affect the development and activation of ILC2s through signaling pathways under different pathological conditions. An in-depth study of regulatory factors is expected to provide new targets and strategies for the treatment of lung inflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":100656,"journal":{"name":"iLABMED","volume":"2 3","pages":"205-220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ila2.59","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142404898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To investigate the clinical features and epidemiology of diarrhea patients and analyze the current distribution of enteropathogens causing diarrhea in a comprehensive hospital in Beijing, China, in 2023.
Materials and Methods
From April to October 2023, we enrolled patients with diarrheal diseases who visited the gastrointestinal clinic in our hospital. The patients' demographic, epidemiological, and clinical features were obtained via a questionnaire. Stool samples were examined for 20 enteropathogens by multiplex polymerase chain reaction testing.
Results
We enrolled 260 patients; men and adults accounted for 55.77% and 95.77% of the patients, respectively. The median age was 37 years. Eighty-four enteropathogens, 72 bacteria and 12 viruses, were identified in 74 patients. Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli was the predominant agent. Patients with and without pathogens detected in stool samples showed no significant differences in age, sex, gastrointestinal symptoms, and stool characteristics. Possible food-related events were recorded in 57.31% of the patients. Leukocyte counts in patients with bacterial infections were higher than those of patients with viral infections and those with no detected pathogens (p < 0.05). Seasonality of bacterial distribution was observed (p < 0.05).
Conclusion
Bacteria were predominant pathogens among the diarrhea patients. The incidence of diarrhea was related to hot weather and foodborne illness. Bacterial diarrhea may cause systemic infection. The clinical symptoms of infectious diarrhea were usually non-specific and unrelated to the type of infection. Timely and comprehensive multi-pathogen surveillance might be helpful to detect suspected pathogens and promote epidemic prevention and control.
{"title":"Etiology, clinical features, and epidemiological analysis of diarrhea patients visiting a gastrointestinal clinic in a comprehensive hospital in Beijing, China, in 2023","authors":"Lihua Qi, Siwei Zhou, Dongmei Gu","doi":"10.1002/ila2.60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ila2.60","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To investigate the clinical features and epidemiology of diarrhea patients and analyze the current distribution of enteropathogens causing diarrhea in a comprehensive hospital in Beijing, China, in 2023.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>From April to October 2023, we enrolled patients with diarrheal diseases who visited the gastrointestinal <span>c</span>linic in our hospital. The patients' demographic, epidemiological, and clinical features were obtained via a questionnaire. Stool samples were examined for 20 enteropathogens by multiplex polymerase chain reaction testing.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We enrolled 260 patients; men and adults accounted for 55.77% and 95.77% of the patients, respectively. The median age was 37 years. Eighty-four enteropathogens, 72 bacteria and 12 viruses, were identified in 74 patients. Enteroaggregative <i>Escherichia coli</i> was the predominant agent. Patients with and without pathogens detected in stool samples showed no significant differences in age, sex, gastrointestinal symptoms, and stool characteristics. Possible food-related events were recorded in 57.31% of the patients. Leukocyte counts in patients with bacterial infections were higher than those of patients with viral infections and those with no detected pathogens (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Seasonality of bacterial distribution was observed (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bacteria were predominant pathogens among the diarrhea patients. The incidence of diarrhea was related to hot weather and foodborne illness. Bacterial diarrhea may cause systemic infection. The clinical symptoms of infectious diarrhea were usually non-specific and unrelated to the type of infection. Timely and comprehensive multi-pathogen surveillance might be helpful to detect suspected pathogens and promote epidemic prevention and control.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100656,"journal":{"name":"iLABMED","volume":"2 3","pages":"197-204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ila2.60","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142404541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dermatomyositis-associated interstitial lung disease (DM-ILD) represents a severe and insidious complication of dermatomyositis (DM). The study aimed to investigate the association between DM-ILD and arterial blood gas indices, serum ion levels, and the timing of interstitial lung disease onset, with the goal of identifying potential predictors for DM-ILD.
Methods
The investigation involved the collection of basic data from 89 patients with DM hospitalized at the Chinese PLA General Hospital between January 2019 and April 2022, and 43 normal control patients hospitalized for physical examinations during the same period. Analyses were conducted to explore the relationship between DM-ILD, arterial blood gas indices, disease duration, and serum ions. A regression model to predict DM-ILD was developed using these indices, and a receiver operating characteristic curve was generated.
Results
Significant differences were observed in pH and PaO2 between the control group and the disease group (p < 0.05). The DM group exhibited higher levels of pH, actual bicarbonate, and base excess (BE) compared with the control group. In contrast, pH and BE levels were lower in the DM-ILD group than in the DM group, with these differences being statistically significant (p < 0.05). Interstitial lung disease was correlated with the duration of the disease and pH levels (p < 0.05). The cutoff values for age, disease duration, pH, and Cl− were 55.5 years, 5.5 years, 7.432, and 101.5 mmol/L, respectively. The model demonstrated a prediction sensitivity and specificity for DM-ILD of 0.809 and 0.722, respectively, with an area under the curve of 0.809.
Conclusion
Arterial blood gas analysis and serum Cl− levels may assist in predicting DM-ILD. A combined monitoring approach involving arterial blood gas pH, disease duration, age, and serum Cl− levels could enhance the accuracy of DM-ILD predictions and hold significant clinical evaluation potential.
{"title":"A retrospective analysis of the relationship between dermatomyositis-associated interstitial lung disease and disease duration, age, arterial blood gas pH, and serum Cl− levels","authors":"Xu Zhang, Xuemei Wei, Xiaojuan Luan, Xiujuan Li, Jin Dong, Jingzhu Nan, Yanhong Gao","doi":"10.1002/ila2.56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ila2.56","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dermatomyositis-associated interstitial lung disease (DM-ILD) represents a severe and insidious complication of dermatomyositis (DM). The study aimed to investigate the association between DM-ILD and arterial blood gas indices, serum ion levels, and the timing of interstitial lung disease onset, with the goal of identifying potential predictors for DM-ILD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The investigation involved the collection of basic data from 89 patients with DM hospitalized at the Chinese PLA General Hospital between January 2019 and April 2022, and 43 normal control patients hospitalized for physical examinations during the same period. Analyses were conducted to explore the relationship between DM-ILD, arterial blood gas indices, disease duration, and serum ions. A regression model to predict DM-ILD was developed using these indices, and a receiver operating characteristic curve was generated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Significant differences were observed in pH and PaO<sub>2</sub> between the control group and the disease group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The DM group exhibited higher levels of pH, actual bicarbonate, and base excess (BE) compared with the control group. In contrast, pH and BE levels were lower in the DM-ILD group than in the DM group, with these differences being statistically significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Interstitial lung disease was correlated with the duration of the disease and pH levels (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The cutoff values for age, disease duration, pH, and Cl<sup>−</sup> were 55.5 years, 5.5 years, 7.432, and 101.5 mmol/L, respectively. The model demonstrated a prediction sensitivity and specificity for DM-ILD of 0.809 and 0.722, respectively, with an area under the curve of 0.809.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Arterial blood gas analysis and serum Cl<sup>−</sup> levels may assist in predicting DM-ILD. A combined monitoring approach involving arterial blood gas pH, disease duration, age, and serum Cl<sup>−</sup> levels could enhance the accuracy of DM-ILD predictions and hold significant clinical evaluation potential.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100656,"journal":{"name":"iLABMED","volume":"2 3","pages":"168-177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ila2.56","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142404653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haoran Guo, Xueran Kang, Ying Xu, Chengbin Wang, Chi Wang
Background
A combination of molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and herbal network pharmacology was used to investigate the shared key targets and potential mechanisms underlying the preventive effects of Ginkgo biloba active compounds against acute mountain sickness (AMS) and ischemic stroke (IS).
Material and Methods
The Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform was used to screen the main active compounds of Ginkgo biloba and their corresponding targets. We obtained AMS-related genes by mining several databases and cross-correlated them with key active compounds of Ginkgo biloba to identify relevant action targets for treating AMS. The STRING database was used to construct a protein–protein interaction network of the effect of Ginkgo biloba active compounds on AMS targets. The expression of genes in the network was analyzed in an IS dataset to identify common key targets of Ginkgo biloba active compounds for both AMS and IS prevention.
Results
The intersection between the targets of Ginkgo biloba active compounds and AMS-related genes identified 43 overlapping genes. Analysis of the protein–protein interaction network showed that VEGFA, TP53, SERPINE1, and PTGS2 were among the key hub genes. Analysis of the IS dataset identified significant differences in the expression levels of CAT, TP53, CXCL8, NFKBIA, and PTGS2. These genes were used to construct a visual nomogram prediction model for IS prognosis with promising clinical implications. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations indicated that sesamin stably targeted and bound to PTGS2.
Conclusions
Active ingredients of Ginkgo biloba, including luteolin, quercetin, and sesamin, have the potential to modulate the development of AMS and IS through targeted interactions with key proteins, including TP53, CXCL8, NFKBIA, PTGS2, and CAT.
{"title":"Ginkgo biloba active compounds can modulate the development of acute mountain sickness and ischemic stroke as discovered by network pharmacology and molecular docking","authors":"Haoran Guo, Xueran Kang, Ying Xu, Chengbin Wang, Chi Wang","doi":"10.1002/ila2.58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ila2.58","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A combination of molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and herbal network pharmacology was used to investigate the shared key targets and potential mechanisms underlying the preventive effects of <i>Ginkgo biloba</i> active compounds against acute mountain sickness (AMS) and ischemic stroke (IS).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Material and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform was used to screen the main active compounds of <i>Ginkgo biloba</i> and their corresponding targets. We obtained AMS-related genes by mining several databases and cross-correlated them with key active compounds of <i>Ginkgo biloba</i> to identify relevant action targets for treating AMS. The STRING database was used to construct a protein–protein interaction network of the effect of <i>Ginkgo biloba</i> active compounds on AMS targets. The expression of genes in the network was analyzed in an IS dataset to identify common key targets of <i>Ginkgo biloba</i> active compounds for both AMS and IS prevention.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The intersection between the targets of <i>Ginkgo biloba</i> active compounds and AMS-related genes identified 43 overlapping genes. Analysis of the protein–protein interaction network showed that <i>VEGFA</i>, <i>TP53</i>, <i>SERPINE1</i>, and <i>PTGS2</i> were among the key hub genes. Analysis of the IS dataset identified significant differences in the expression levels of <i>CAT</i>, <i>TP53</i>, <i>CXCL8</i>, <i>NFKBIA</i>, and <i>PTGS2</i>. These genes were used to construct a visual nomogram prediction model for IS prognosis with promising clinical implications. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations indicated that sesamin stably targeted and bound to PTGS2.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Active ingredients of <i>Ginkgo biloba</i>, including luteolin, quercetin, and sesamin, have the potential to modulate the development of AMS and IS through targeted interactions with key proteins, including TP53, CXCL8, NFKBIA, PTGS2, and CAT.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100656,"journal":{"name":"iLABMED","volume":"2 3","pages":"178-196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ila2.58","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142404313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigated the clinical efficacy of bedaquiline-containing regimens in the treatment of drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis and the diagnostic value of computed tomography (CT).
Methods
We retrospectively analyzed the clinical diagnosis, treatment, and CT imaging data of patients with drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis treated in Wenzhou Central Hospital from 1 January to 31 December 2022. According to whether the treatment regimen contained bedaquiline, the patients were divided into an observation group (bedaquiline tablets + background regimen) and a control group (background regimen). The clinical efficacy and pulmonary CT changes before and after treatment were analyzed in both groups.
Results
After 24 weeks of treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in the white blood cell count or concentrations of hemoglobin, alanine aminotransferase, serum albumin, or creatinine between the two groups (t = 0.71, 0.93, 0.05, 0.18, and 0.08, respectively; p > 0.05). After 4, 8, and 12 weeks of treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in the sputum culture-negative conversion rate between the two groups (χ2 = 2.67, 0.48, and 1.82, respectively; p > 0.05). At 24 weeks of treatment, the sputum culture-negative conversion rate in the observation group reached 100%, which was significantly higher than that in the control group (χ2 = 3.97, p < 0.05). The effective absorption rates on chest imaging in the two groups of patients at 12 weeks were 83.33% and 57.89%, respectively. At 24 weeks of treatment, the effective absorption rates were 88.00% and 65.85% in the two groups, with a statistically significant difference (χ2 = 3.98; p < 0.05). There were significant differences in cavity absorption at 24 weeks (χ2 = 4.33, p < 0.05) and 48 weeks after treatment (χ2 = 10.63, p < 0.05).
Conclusion
The addition of bedaquiline to the background regimen improved the sputum culture-negative conversion rate and chest imaging effective rate. Patients achieved good results at the end of the 24-week treatment period.
{"title":"Clinical efficacy and computed tomography diagnostic value of bedaquiline-containing regimens in the treatment of drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis","authors":"Saiduo Liu, Xinchun Ye, Fang Cheng, Kaijia Wu, Jiandan Yu, Hongye Ning, Jichan Shi, Hongzhou Lu, Wei Chen","doi":"10.1002/ila2.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ila2.57","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study investigated the clinical efficacy of bedaquiline-containing regimens in the treatment of drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis and the diagnostic value of computed tomography (CT).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We retrospectively analyzed the clinical diagnosis, treatment, and CT imaging data of patients with drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis treated in Wenzhou Central Hospital from 1 January to 31 December 2022. According to whether the treatment regimen contained bedaquiline, the patients were divided into an observation group (bedaquiline tablets + background regimen) and a control group (background regimen). The clinical efficacy and pulmonary CT changes before and after treatment were analyzed in both groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>After 24 weeks of treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in the white blood cell count or concentrations of hemoglobin, alanine aminotransferase, serum albumin, or creatinine between the two groups (<i>t</i> = 0.71, 0.93, 0.05, 0.18, and 0.08, respectively; <i>p</i> > 0.05). After 4, 8, and 12 weeks of treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in the sputum culture-negative conversion rate between the two groups (<i>χ</i><sup>2</sup> = 2.67, 0.48, and 1.82, respectively; <i>p</i> > 0.05). At 24 weeks of treatment, the sputum culture-negative conversion rate in the observation group reached 100%, which was significantly higher than that in the control group (<i>χ</i><sup>2</sup> = 3.97, <i>p</i> < 0.05). The effective absorption rates on chest imaging in the two groups of patients at 12 weeks were 83.33% and 57.89%, respectively. At 24 weeks of treatment, the effective absorption rates were 88.00% and 65.85% in the two groups, with a statistically significant difference (<i>χ</i><sup>2</sup> = 3.98; <i>p</i> < 0.05). There were significant differences in cavity absorption at 24 weeks (<i>χ</i><sup>2</sup> = 4.33, <i>p</i> < 0.05) and 48 weeks after treatment (<i>χ</i><sup>2</sup> = 10.63, <i>p</i> < 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The addition of bedaquiline to the background regimen improved the sputum culture-negative conversion rate and chest imaging effective rate. Patients achieved good results at the end of the 24-week treatment period.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100656,"journal":{"name":"iLABMED","volume":"2 3","pages":"149-156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ila2.57","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142404862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ying Li, Ruiqi Xiao, Peicen Zou, Yue Du, Qinglin Lu, Jun Cui, Yajuan Wang
Early identification of pathogenic bacteria and monitoring residual status are essential for accurate treatment of neonatal bacterial meningitis (NBM).Clinical data and specimens were collected from neonates with NBM. Bacterial cultures and RT‐PCR of blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were compared to assess the positivity rate, sensitivity and specificity of each method.RT‐PCR had a higher positivity rate compared with cultures, regardless of whether antibiotics had been used prior to specimen collection. After 1 week of regular antibiotic treatment, the number of pathogen DNA copy numbers in CSF was either undetectable or significantly reduced compared with previous levels.RT‐PCR is expected to provide a basis for the precise application of antibiotics and the course of treatment for NBM, particularly in patients with negative cultures or those who have already been treated with antibiotics.
早期识别致病菌和监测残留状态对于准确治疗新生儿细菌性脑膜炎（NBM）至关重要。我们对血液和脑脊液（CSF）的细菌培养和 RT-PCR 进行了比较，以评估每种方法的阳性率、灵敏度和特异性。与培养相比，无论标本采集前是否使用过抗生素，RT-PCR 的阳性率都更高。经过一周的常规抗生素治疗后，CSF 中的病原体 DNA 拷贝数要么检测不到，要么与之前的水平相比明显降低。RT-PCR 可为精确应用抗生素和治疗 NBM 的疗程提供依据，尤其是在培养阴性或已接受抗生素治疗的患者中。
{"title":"RT‐PCR in the early detection and monitoring of pathogen residual status in neonatal bacterial meningitis","authors":"Ying Li, Ruiqi Xiao, Peicen Zou, Yue Du, Qinglin Lu, Jun Cui, Yajuan Wang","doi":"10.1002/ila2.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ila2.55","url":null,"abstract":"Early identification of pathogenic bacteria and monitoring residual status are essential for accurate treatment of neonatal bacterial meningitis (NBM).Clinical data and specimens were collected from neonates with NBM. Bacterial cultures and RT‐PCR of blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were compared to assess the positivity rate, sensitivity and specificity of each method.RT‐PCR had a higher positivity rate compared with cultures, regardless of whether antibiotics had been used prior to specimen collection. After 1 week of regular antibiotic treatment, the number of pathogen DNA copy numbers in CSF was either undetectable or significantly reduced compared with previous levels.RT‐PCR is expected to provide a basis for the precise application of antibiotics and the course of treatment for NBM, particularly in patients with negative cultures or those who have already been treated with antibiotics.","PeriodicalId":100656,"journal":{"name":"iLABMED","volume":"58 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141929178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
HIV‐1 and schistosomal infections present significant global health challenges, and neurological manifestations of these pathogens are easily misdiagnosed due to their rarity. Here, we report the case of a 36‐year‐old patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who was initially diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus‐1 (HIV‐1) infection 4 years earlier, although untreated for approximately 3 years until he began antiretroviral therapy (ART) following a tuberculosis diagnosis and hospitalization. Despite achieving virological suppression of HIV‐1 1 year after ART, he was readmitted with high fever and headache. Initial therapy for suspected tuberculosis based on clinical performance and brain imaging features failed, and further investigation confirmed an intracranial infection caused by schistosomiasis. Following anti‐schistosomal treatment and optimized ART, the patient recovered fully and was discharged. This case of a patient in Asia infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who rapidly developed a neurological infection subsequent to acquiring schistosomiasis highlights the need for awareness of such coinfections in patients with HIV.
{"title":"Rapid development of neurological infection in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus following schistosomiasis: A case report","authors":"Yan Liu, Guoqiang Zhou, Wei Jiang, Xianglong Kong","doi":"10.1002/ila2.54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ila2.54","url":null,"abstract":"HIV‐1 and schistosomal infections present significant global health challenges, and neurological manifestations of these pathogens are easily misdiagnosed due to their rarity. Here, we report the case of a 36‐year‐old patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who was initially diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus‐1 (HIV‐1) infection 4 years earlier, although untreated for approximately 3 years until he began antiretroviral therapy (ART) following a tuberculosis diagnosis and hospitalization. Despite achieving virological suppression of HIV‐1 1 year after ART, he was readmitted with high fever and headache. Initial therapy for suspected tuberculosis based on clinical performance and brain imaging features failed, and further investigation confirmed an intracranial infection caused by schistosomiasis. Following anti‐schistosomal treatment and optimized ART, the patient recovered fully and was discharged. This case of a patient in Asia infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who rapidly developed a neurological infection subsequent to acquiring schistosomiasis highlights the need for awareness of such coinfections in patients with HIV.","PeriodicalId":100656,"journal":{"name":"iLABMED","volume":"50 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141814788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Huang S, Liu Y, Qian L, Zhou J, Wang D. The exploration of cell population data in clinical use: beyond infectious diseases. iLABMED. 2024;2(2):125–40.
In the last paragraph of the “3.2.2 COVID-19” section, the text “(mean lymphocyte volume [LV] x LV − SD)/(mean lymphocyte conductivity [LC])” was incorrect. This should have read: “(mean lymphocyte volume [LV] × LV − SD)/(mean lymphocyte conductivity [LC])”.
In paragraph 5 of the “3.2.3 Other infectious diseases” section and Table 1, the texts “95% Cl” was incorrect. These should have read: “95% CI”.
We apologize for these errors.
Huang S, Liu Y, Qian L, Zhou J, Wang D. The exploration of cell population data in clinical use: beyond infectious diseases. iLABMED.在 "3.2.2 COVID-19 "部分的最后一段，"（平均淋巴细胞体积[LV] x LV - SD）/（平均淋巴细胞电导率[LC]）"不正确。应改为在 "3.2.3 其他传染病 "部分第 5 段和表 1 中，"95% Cl "的文字不正确。应改为 "95% CI"："我们对这些错误表示歉意。
{"title":"Correction to “The exploration of cell population data in clinical use: Beyond infectious diseases”","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/ila2.53","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ila2.53","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Huang S, Liu Y, Qian L, Zhou J, Wang D. The exploration of cell population data in clinical use: beyond infectious diseases. iLABMED. 2024;2(2):125–40.</p><p>In the last paragraph of the “3.2.2 COVID-19” section, the text “(mean lymphocyte volume [LV] x LV − SD)/(mean lymphocyte conductivity [LC])” was incorrect. This should have read: “(mean lymphocyte volume [LV] × LV − SD)/(mean lymphocyte conductivity [LC])”.</p><p>In paragraph 5 of the “3.2.3 Other infectious diseases” section and Table 1, the texts “95% <i>Cl</i>” was incorrect. These should have read: “95% <i>CI</i>”.</p><p>We apologize for these errors.</p>","PeriodicalId":100656,"journal":{"name":"iLABMED","volume":"2 3","pages":"226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ila2.53","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141831344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fluorescent recombinase‐aided amplification (RAA) assays are increasingly being used in the detection of a variety of pathogens and have the advantages of rapidity and simplicity and similar sensitivity and specificity, compared with real‐time PCR (qPCR) assays, but they require a complex probe design. To eliminate the addition of fluorescent probes for RAA, an EvaGreen dye‐based recombinase‐aided amplification (EvaGreen‐RAA) assay using self‐avoiding molecular recognition system (SAMRS) primers was developed.The SAMRS primers effectively avoided the production of primer dimers, thus improving the detection sensitivity, while EvaGreen dye was used to quantitatively measure the amplified products in real time. Using Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and Listeria monocytogenes (LM) as examples, EvaGreen‐RAA with SAMRS primers was developed. As a reference and comparison, a traditional fluorescence probe RAA method and a RAA with SAMRS primers (SAMRS‐RAA) for detecting SA and LM were also investigated. Serial dilutions of recombinant plasmids were used to evaluate the sensitivity of the assays. Unenriched and enriched simulated milk samples were used to evaluate the limits of detection (LOD) of these methods. Using high‐resolution melting (HRM) was used to explore the sensitivity of the dual EvaGreen‐RAA assay.The sensitivity of the fluorescent RAA method for detecting SA and LM was 10 copies/μL using plasmids and the sensitivity of the SAMRS‐RAA and EvaGreen‐RAA for detecting SA and LM plasmids was 1 copies/μL. The LOD values of the EvaGreen‐RAA for SA and LM in unenriched simulated milk samples were 100 and 50 CFU/mL, respectively, and the LOD value for both SA and LM using enriched simulated milk samples was 10 CFU/mL. EvaGreen‐RAA had linear amplification in real time in the range of 1–105 copies/μL of the plasmids of SA and LM. The sensitivity of the dual EvaGreen‐RAA assay for SA and LM was estimated to be 102 CFU/mL.A real‐time quantitative EvaGreen‐RAA method for detecting SA and LM was developed, which eliminates the need to design complex RAA probes. This dye‐based RAA with SARMS primers provides a new strategy for simplifying fluorescence probe RAA and allowing the detection of multiple pathogens, which has many potential applications.
{"title":"Dye‐based recombinase‐aided amplification assay with enhanced sensitivity and specificity","authors":"Zijin Zhao, Yanbo You, Shaowei Hua, Xinxin Shen, Lingjun Li, Xuejun Ma","doi":"10.1002/ila2.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ila2.51","url":null,"abstract":"Fluorescent recombinase‐aided amplification (RAA) assays are increasingly being used in the detection of a variety of pathogens and have the advantages of rapidity and simplicity and similar sensitivity and specificity, compared with real‐time PCR (qPCR) assays, but they require a complex probe design. To eliminate the addition of fluorescent probes for RAA, an EvaGreen dye‐based recombinase‐aided amplification (EvaGreen‐RAA) assay using self‐avoiding molecular recognition system (SAMRS) primers was developed.The SAMRS primers effectively avoided the production of primer dimers, thus improving the detection sensitivity, while EvaGreen dye was used to quantitatively measure the amplified products in real time. Using Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and Listeria monocytogenes (LM) as examples, EvaGreen‐RAA with SAMRS primers was developed. As a reference and comparison, a traditional fluorescence probe RAA method and a RAA with SAMRS primers (SAMRS‐RAA) for detecting SA and LM were also investigated. Serial dilutions of recombinant plasmids were used to evaluate the sensitivity of the assays. Unenriched and enriched simulated milk samples were used to evaluate the limits of detection (LOD) of these methods. Using high‐resolution melting (HRM) was used to explore the sensitivity of the dual EvaGreen‐RAA assay.The sensitivity of the fluorescent RAA method for detecting SA and LM was 10 copies/μL using plasmids and the sensitivity of the SAMRS‐RAA and EvaGreen‐RAA for detecting SA and LM plasmids was 1 copies/μL. The LOD values of the EvaGreen‐RAA for SA and LM in unenriched simulated milk samples were 100 and 50 CFU/mL, respectively, and the LOD value for both SA and LM using enriched simulated milk samples was 10 CFU/mL. EvaGreen‐RAA had linear amplification in real time in the range of 1–105 copies/μL of the plasmids of SA and LM. The sensitivity of the dual EvaGreen‐RAA assay for SA and LM was estimated to be 102 CFU/mL.A real‐time quantitative EvaGreen‐RAA method for detecting SA and LM was developed, which eliminates the need to design complex RAA probes. This dye‐based RAA with SARMS primers provides a new strategy for simplifying fluorescence probe RAA and allowing the detection of multiple pathogens, which has many potential applications.","PeriodicalId":100656,"journal":{"name":"iLABMED","volume":"55 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141650395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chonghui Hu, Xiuying Zhao, Bo Jiang, Xuan Jiang, Yutang Ren, Jiaojiao Guo
Objective
We aimed to develop a predictive model for the clinical diagnosis of ischemic colitis (IC).
Methods
Clinical data were collected from patients with acute IC lesions who were diagnosed and admitted to Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital from January 2016 to December 2022. These patients were included in the IC case group in this retrospective observational study. The control group comprised patients aged ≥40 years who were diagnosed with abdominal pain during the same period, excluding those with IC. All patients were divided into a training and test sets based on the time window. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression was used to screen risk factors for the occurrence of IC. Logistic stepwise regression (maximum likelihood ratio method) was performed in multifactorial analysis, and a diagnostic prediction model for IC was established using R language. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) was examined to assess differentiation using working ROC curves. We used bootstrap resampling (1000 times) for internal validation. Model calibration curves and decision curve analysis (DCA) were also applied.
Results
Our study indicates that constipation, hematochezia, neutrophil counts, and specific abdominal computed tomography (CT) (plain scan) findings, including intestinal wall edema and thickening, intestinal lumen stenosis, and dilation, are independent predictors of IC. The predictive model exhibited high discriminative ability with an AUC of 0.9788 in the training set, and the calibration and DCA curves demonstrated excellent model performance. After validation, the AUC remained robust at 0.9868, underscoring the model's reliability in predicting IC.
Conclusion
According to our model, constipation accompanied by hematochezia necessitates careful consideration of IC. Abdominal CT (plain scan) is an effective diagnostic tool for IC, and it is common for patients to exhibit elevated neutrophil counts. The predictive model, demonstrating high discriminative ability and accuracy, shows promise for practical application in clinical settings, aiding in the early diagnosis and management of IC.
我们旨在建立缺血性结肠炎（IC）临床诊断的预测模型。我们收集了2016年1月至2022年12月期间北京清华长庚医院确诊并收治的急性IC病变患者的临床数据。在这项回顾性观察研究中，这些患者被纳入IC病例组。对照组包括同期确诊为腹痛的年龄≥40岁的患者，但不包括IC患者。根据时间窗将所有患者分为训练集和测试集。采用最小绝对缩减和选择算子回归筛选发生 IC 的风险因素。在多因素分析中进行了逻辑逐步回归（最大似然比法），并使用 R 语言建立了 IC 诊断预测模型。使用工作 ROC 曲线检查接收者操作特征曲线（ROC）下面积（AUC），以评估分化情况。我们使用引导重采样（1000 次）进行内部验证。我们的研究表明，便秘、便血、中性粒细胞计数和特定的腹部计算机断层扫描（CT）（平扫）结果，包括肠壁水肿和增厚、肠腔狭窄和扩张，是 IC 的独立预测指标。该预测模型具有很高的判别能力，在训练集上的 AUC 为 0.9788，校准和 DCA 曲线显示了模型的卓越性能。根据我们的模型，伴有血便的便秘需要慎重考虑 IC。腹部 CT（平扫）是 IC 的有效诊断工具，患者通常会出现中性粒细胞计数升高。该预测模型显示出很高的辨别能力和准确性，有望在临床中实际应用，帮助早期诊断和处理 IC。
{"title":"A predictive model for ischemic colitis: Integrating clinical and laboratory parameters","authors":"Chonghui Hu, Xiuying Zhao, Bo Jiang, Xuan Jiang, Yutang Ren, Jiaojiao Guo","doi":"10.1002/ila2.52","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ila2.52","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We aimed to develop a predictive model for the clinical diagnosis of ischemic colitis (IC).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Clinical data were collected from patients with acute IC lesions who were diagnosed and admitted to Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital from January 2016 to December 2022. These patients were included in the IC case group in this retrospective observational study. The control group comprised patients aged ≥40 years who were diagnosed with abdominal pain during the same period, excluding those with IC. All patients were divided into a training and test sets based on the time window. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression was used to screen risk factors for the occurrence of IC. Logistic stepwise regression (maximum likelihood ratio method) was performed in multifactorial analysis, and a diagnostic prediction model for IC was established using R language. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) was examined to assess differentiation using working ROC curves. We used bootstrap resampling (1000 times) for internal validation. Model calibration curves and decision curve analysis (DCA) were also applied.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our study indicates that constipation, hematochezia, neutrophil counts, and specific abdominal computed tomography (CT) (plain scan) findings, including intestinal wall edema and thickening, intestinal lumen stenosis, and dilation, are independent predictors of IC. The predictive model exhibited high discriminative ability with an AUC of 0.9788 in the training set, and the calibration and DCA curves demonstrated excellent model performance. After validation, the AUC remained robust at 0.9868, underscoring the model's reliability in predicting IC.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>According to our model, constipation accompanied by hematochezia necessitates careful consideration of IC. Abdominal CT (plain scan) is an effective diagnostic tool for IC, and it is common for patients to exhibit elevated neutrophil counts. The predictive model, demonstrating high discriminative ability and accuracy, shows promise for practical application in clinical settings, aiding in the early diagnosis and management of IC.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100656,"journal":{"name":"iLABMED","volume":"2 3","pages":"157-167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ila2.52","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141649614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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