Pub Date : 2025-12-31DOI: 10.1016/j.inpm.2025.100728
Justin Chau, Chetan Potu, Trevor Anesi, Andrew Stephens
Background
Genicular nerve ablation (GNA), which includes radiofrequency ablation (GNRFA), cryoneurolysis, and chemical neurolysis, is a minimally invasive procedure with growing evidence for improved pain and functional outcomes in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (KOA). With conservative management for KOA having variable efficacy and knee arthroplasty (KA) carrying substantial risks, there is utility in identifying if GNA may delay or defer surgery.
Objective
The purpose of this study was to assess the rate of patients receiving KA, including total knee arthroplasty (TKA) or unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) after receiving GNA.
Methods
TriNetX, a national database, was queried for patients 18 years or older who underwent GNA between 2004 and 2025. Patients with severe medical comorbidities and patients with prior TKA or UKA were excluded. Descriptive analyses were performed using the TriNetX Analytics platform and the incidence of post-GNA TKA or UKA was calculated. Secondary analysis calculating the cumulative incidence of arthroplasty among patients without prior KA within 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, and 5 years after GNA was also assessed.
Results
There were 6035 patients who underwent GNA during this study period and who were included in the final analysis after excluding patients with select comorbidities or who had a prior TKA or UKA. Among this cohort, 795 (13.2 %; 95 % CI 12.3–14.0) patients underwent TKA (N = 753; 12.5 %; 95 % CI 11.7–13.3) or UKA (N = 42; 0.7 %; 95 % CI 0.5–0.9) after receiving GNA. For patients without prior KA, 152 patients underwent KA at 3 months post-GNA (1.3 %; 95 % CI 1.1–1.5), 415 patients underwent KA at 6 months post-GNA (3.5 %; 95 % CI 3.2–3.9), 847 patients underwent KA at 1 year post-GNA (7.2 %; 95 % CI 6.7–7.6), 1219 patients underwent KA at 2 years post-GNA (10.3 %; 95 % CI 9.8–10.9), and 1469 patients underwent KA at 5 years post-GNA (12.4 %; 95 % CI 11.8–13.0).
Conclusion
This is the largest cohort study to identify rates of KA following GNA. We found that roughly one in eight patients in this cohort received TKA or UKA after GNA, suggesting that GNA may offer clinically meaningful symptom relief for patients with KOA, such that KA may be delayed or deferred. Causality for whether GNA delays or prevents KA cannot be established from this study. The cost effectiveness and surgical sparing efficacy of GNA for symptomatic KOA should be further explored.
膝神经消融术（GNA），包括射频消融术（GNRFA）、冷冻神经松解术和化学神经松解术，是一种微创手术，越来越多的证据表明，膝关节骨性关节炎（KOA）的治疗可以改善疼痛和功能结果。由于KOA的保守治疗疗效不一，而膝关节置换术（KA）有很大的风险，因此确定GNA是否会延迟或推迟手术是有用的。目的本研究的目的是评估患者在接受GNA后接受KA的比例，包括全膝关节置换术（TKA）或单室膝关节置换术（UKA）。方法strinetx是一个国家数据库，查询了2004年至2025年期间18岁及以上接受GNA的患者。排除有严重合并症的患者和既往有TKA或UKA的患者。使用TriNetX Analytics平台进行描述性分析，计算gna后TKA或UKA的发生率。对无KA患者在GNA后3个月、6个月、1年、2年和5年内关节置换术的累计发生率进行二次分析。结果6035例患者在本研究期间接受了GNA，并在排除了特定合并症或既往有TKA或UKA的患者后纳入最终分析。在该队列中，795例（13.2%;95% CI 12.3-14.0）患者在接受GNA后接受了TKA （N = 753; 12.5%; 95% CI 11.7-13.3）或UKA （N = 42; 0.7%; 95% CI 0.5-0.9）。对于没有既往KA的患者，152例患者在gna后3个月接受了KA (1.3%, 95% CI 1.1-1.5)， 415例患者在gna后6个月接受了KA (3.5%, 95% CI 3.2-3.9)， 847例患者在gna后1年接受了KA (7.2%, 95% CI 6.7-7.6)， 1219例患者在gna后2年接受了KA (10.3%, 95% CI 9.8-10.9)， 1469例患者在gna后5年接受了KA （12.4%, 95% CI 11.8-13.0）。结论：这是确定GNA后KA发生率的最大队列研究。我们发现该队列中大约八分之一的患者在GNA后接受了TKA或UKA，这表明GNA可能为KOA患者提供有临床意义的症状缓解，因此KA可能会延迟或推迟。GNA是否延迟或阻止KA的因果关系无法从本研究中确定。GNA治疗症状性KOA的成本效益和手术保留效果有待进一步探讨。
{"title":"Rates of knee arthroplasty after genicular nerve ablation: A retrospective study utilizing a large national database","authors":"Justin Chau, Chetan Potu, Trevor Anesi, Andrew Stephens","doi":"10.1016/j.inpm.2025.100728","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.inpm.2025.100728","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Genicular nerve ablation (GNA), which includes radiofrequency ablation (GNRFA), cryoneurolysis, and chemical neurolysis, is a minimally invasive procedure with growing evidence for improved pain and functional outcomes in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (KOA). With conservative management for KOA having variable efficacy and knee arthroplasty (KA) carrying substantial risks, there is utility in identifying if GNA may delay or defer surgery.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The purpose of this study was to assess the rate of patients receiving KA, including total knee arthroplasty (TKA) or unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) after receiving GNA.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>TriNetX, a national database, was queried for patients 18 years or older who underwent GNA between 2004 and 2025. Patients with severe medical comorbidities and patients with prior TKA or UKA were excluded. Descriptive analyses were performed using the TriNetX Analytics platform and the incidence of post-GNA TKA or UKA was calculated. Secondary analysis calculating the cumulative incidence of arthroplasty among patients without prior KA within 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, and 5 years after GNA was also assessed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There were 6035 patients who underwent GNA during this study period and who were included in the final analysis after excluding patients with select comorbidities or who had a prior TKA or UKA. Among this cohort, 795 (13.2 %; 95 % CI 12.3–14.0) patients underwent TKA (N = 753; 12.5 %; 95 % CI 11.7–13.3) or UKA (N = 42; 0.7 %; 95 % CI 0.5–0.9) after receiving GNA. For patients without prior KA, 152 patients underwent KA at 3 months post-GNA (1.3 %; 95 % CI 1.1–1.5), 415 patients underwent KA at 6 months post-GNA (3.5 %; 95 % CI 3.2–3.9), 847 patients underwent KA at 1 year post-GNA (7.2 %; 95 % CI 6.7–7.6), 1219 patients underwent KA at 2 years post-GNA (10.3 %; 95 % CI 9.8–10.9), and 1469 patients underwent KA at 5 years post-GNA (12.4 %; 95 % CI 11.8–13.0).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This is the largest cohort study to identify rates of KA following GNA. We found that roughly one in eight patients in this cohort received TKA or UKA after GNA, suggesting that GNA may offer clinically meaningful symptom relief for patients with KOA, such that KA may be delayed or deferred. Causality for whether GNA delays or prevents KA cannot be established from this study. The cost effectiveness and surgical sparing efficacy of GNA for symptomatic KOA should be further explored.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100727,"journal":{"name":"Interventional Pain Medicine","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100728"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145884971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-31DOI: 10.1016/j.inpm.2025.100729
David Levi , Joshua Levin
{"title":"Is a case of one thromboembolic event one too many?","authors":"David Levi , Joshua Levin","doi":"10.1016/j.inpm.2025.100729","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.inpm.2025.100729","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100727,"journal":{"name":"Interventional Pain Medicine","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100729"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145884975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-18DOI: 10.1016/j.inpm.2025.100720
Stephan Klessinger , Rezvan Ahmadi , Christopher Büttner , Hans-Raimund Casser , Christian Ewelt , Robert Fessl , Holger Koepp , Heike Norda , Hela-F. Petereit , Philipp Pieroh , Matthias Pumberger , Heike Rittner , Markus Schneider , Christoph Trumm , Hayrettin Tumani , Patrick Weidle , Daniel A. Weiss , Karsten Wiechert
{"title":"Time to standardize: The German Spine Society national clinical guideline on epidural injections","authors":"Stephan Klessinger , Rezvan Ahmadi , Christopher Büttner , Hans-Raimund Casser , Christian Ewelt , Robert Fessl , Holger Koepp , Heike Norda , Hela-F. Petereit , Philipp Pieroh , Matthias Pumberger , Heike Rittner , Markus Schneider , Christoph Trumm , Hayrettin Tumani , Patrick Weidle , Daniel A. Weiss , Karsten Wiechert","doi":"10.1016/j.inpm.2025.100720","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.inpm.2025.100720","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100727,"journal":{"name":"Interventional Pain Medicine","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100720"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145841680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-17DOI: 10.1016/j.inpm.2025.100722
Jeffrey R. Merz-Herrala , Felipe Ocampo , Christopher R. Abrecht , J. Ben Arevalo , Nu Cindy Chai
Background
Pain is a leading complaint in Emergency Department (ED) visits, yet historically, few Emergency Physicians (EPs) have pursued fellowship training in Pain Medicine. In recent years, however, applications from EPs have risen sharply, contrasting with declines in other specialties. Despite this growth, there has been no systematic analysis of how Emergency Medicine (EM) training overlaps with the required competencies of the Pain Medicine fellowship. To our knowledge, this study represents the first such effort.
Methods
We systematically compared the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Program Requirements for Pain Medicine with five core EM training documents: the ACGME Program Requirements for EM, ACGME EM Milestones, ACGME Key Index Procedures, ACGME Procedure Logs, and the American Board of Emergency Medicine (ABEM) EM Model of Clinical Practice. Each ACGME Pain Medicine Program Requirement was evaluated by a group of Pain and EM physicians for its degree of overlap with these EM training frameworks and categorized as having significant, partial, or minimal overlap in competency.
Results
EM training exhibits a strong overlap with Pain Medicine in patient care, encompassing neurologic and musculoskeletal evaluation, psychiatric assessment, and the diagnosis of acute and chronic pain. EPs also demonstrate procedural strengths in airway management, intravenous access, ultrasound-guided interventions, life support, procedural sedation, managing emergencies, along with medical knowledge in acute pain management, medication detoxification, and treatment of substance use disorders. Gaps were identified in the interpretation of electrodiagnostic studies, advanced imaging, prescription of rehabilitation strategies, long-term opioid management, and advanced fluoroscopic and neuromodulation procedures. These findings highlight EM's strong foundation in acute care and procedures, while clarifying domains that require targeted fellowship training.
Conclusions
EPs contribute valuable skills to Pain Medicine but require structured opportunities to address predictable training gaps. Electives, mentorship, and flexible curricula may help bridge these deficiencies.
{"title":"Emergency physicians in pain medicine: Workforce trends, competency overlap, gaps, and opportunities for integration","authors":"Jeffrey R. Merz-Herrala , Felipe Ocampo , Christopher R. Abrecht , J. Ben Arevalo , Nu Cindy Chai","doi":"10.1016/j.inpm.2025.100722","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.inpm.2025.100722","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Pain is a leading complaint in Emergency Department (ED) visits, yet historically, few Emergency Physicians (EPs) have pursued fellowship training in Pain Medicine. In recent years, however, applications from EPs have risen sharply, contrasting with declines in other specialties. Despite this growth, there has been no systematic analysis of how Emergency Medicine (EM) training overlaps with the required competencies of the Pain Medicine fellowship. To our knowledge, this study represents the first such effort.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We systematically compared the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Program Requirements for Pain Medicine with five core EM training documents: the ACGME Program Requirements for EM, ACGME EM Milestones, ACGME Key Index Procedures, ACGME Procedure Logs, and the American Board of Emergency Medicine (ABEM) EM Model of Clinical Practice. Each ACGME Pain Medicine Program Requirement was evaluated by a group of Pain and EM physicians for its degree of overlap with these EM training frameworks and categorized as having significant, partial, or minimal overlap in competency.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>EM training exhibits a strong overlap with Pain Medicine in patient care, encompassing neurologic and musculoskeletal evaluation, psychiatric assessment, and the diagnosis of acute and chronic pain. EPs also demonstrate procedural strengths in airway management, intravenous access, ultrasound-guided interventions, life support, procedural sedation, managing emergencies, along with medical knowledge in acute pain management, medication detoxification, and treatment of substance use disorders. Gaps were identified in the interpretation of electrodiagnostic studies, advanced imaging, prescription of rehabilitation strategies, long-term opioid management, and advanced fluoroscopic and neuromodulation procedures. These findings highlight EM's strong foundation in acute care and procedures, while clarifying domains that require targeted fellowship training.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>EPs contribute valuable skills to Pain Medicine but require structured opportunities to address predictable training gaps. Electives, mentorship, and flexible curricula may help bridge these deficiencies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100727,"journal":{"name":"Interventional Pain Medicine","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100722"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145841598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-17DOI: 10.1016/j.inpm.2025.100723
Michael J. Derr , Chelsey M. Hoffmann , Likitha Somasekhar , Tejaswini Pisati , Bradley F. Thompson , Kogulavadanan Arumaithurai , Matthew J. Pingree , Paul M. Scholten
<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Obesity and spine pain are both highly prevalent and disabling conditions with complex, overlapping etiologies. While prior research has explored the link between body mass index (BMI) and low back pain (LBP), the multidimensional impact of elevated BMI on physical, mental, and social health among patients with spine disorders has not been sufficiently elucidated.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to examine the associations between BMI and a range of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) including pain severity, opioid utilization and seven Patient-Reported Outcomes Information System Computer Adaptive Test (PROMIS-CAT) domains that measure physical, mental, and social health in individuals with spine-related pain.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective analysis of patients presenting to a quaternary academic institution's spine center for evaluation was performed. Demographic, BMI and PRO data (PROMIS-CAT in the domains of Anxiety, Depression, Fatigue, Pain Interference, Physical Function, Sleep Disturbance, Ability to Participate in Social Roles and Activities, and Pain Intensity as well as self-reported opioid utilization) available in the medical record were retrieved. Relationships between BMI and PROMIS data were evaluated with pairwise Z-tests for proportions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 3756 patients were included in the analysis, and the distribution of BMIs was like that of the general US population. Compared to patients with Normal BMI, the Class II and III Obesity groups had a greater proportion of patients reporting Moderate and Severe Pain Interference, Physical Function impairments, and Ability to Participate in Social Roles and Activities. They also used opioid medications more often. There was no significant difference in Pain Intensity within the Pre-Obesity, Class I, II or III Obesity groups. However, No Pain was significantly more common than all other categories of pain severity within the No Obesity group. The No Obesity group also demonstrated decreased rates of Mild and Moderate Fatigue, Moderate and Severe Pain Interference, Mild and Moderate Physical Function, Mild and Moderate Ability to Participate in Social Roles and Activities, and opioid utilization when compared to those having Normal levels in each of those PROMIS domains or who did not use opioid medication.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Complex and inconsistent relationships exist between BMI and biopsychosocial functioning among patients with spine pain. Generally, lower frequencies of impairment are present in non-obese patients (specifically for Fatigue, Pain Interference, Physical Function, Ability to Participate in Social Roles and Activities, and Pain Intensity) and higher frequencies of impairment are observed in patients with an elevated BMI (most consistently for Depression, Pain Interference, Physical Function Ability to Participate in Social Roles and Activiti
{"title":"Associations between body mass index and patient reported biopsychosocial outcomes among patients with spine pain","authors":"Michael J. Derr , Chelsey M. Hoffmann , Likitha Somasekhar , Tejaswini Pisati , Bradley F. Thompson , Kogulavadanan Arumaithurai , Matthew J. Pingree , Paul M. Scholten","doi":"10.1016/j.inpm.2025.100723","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.inpm.2025.100723","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Obesity and spine pain are both highly prevalent and disabling conditions with complex, overlapping etiologies. While prior research has explored the link between body mass index (BMI) and low back pain (LBP), the multidimensional impact of elevated BMI on physical, mental, and social health among patients with spine disorders has not been sufficiently elucidated.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to examine the associations between BMI and a range of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) including pain severity, opioid utilization and seven Patient-Reported Outcomes Information System Computer Adaptive Test (PROMIS-CAT) domains that measure physical, mental, and social health in individuals with spine-related pain.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective analysis of patients presenting to a quaternary academic institution's spine center for evaluation was performed. Demographic, BMI and PRO data (PROMIS-CAT in the domains of Anxiety, Depression, Fatigue, Pain Interference, Physical Function, Sleep Disturbance, Ability to Participate in Social Roles and Activities, and Pain Intensity as well as self-reported opioid utilization) available in the medical record were retrieved. Relationships between BMI and PROMIS data were evaluated with pairwise Z-tests for proportions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 3756 patients were included in the analysis, and the distribution of BMIs was like that of the general US population. Compared to patients with Normal BMI, the Class II and III Obesity groups had a greater proportion of patients reporting Moderate and Severe Pain Interference, Physical Function impairments, and Ability to Participate in Social Roles and Activities. They also used opioid medications more often. There was no significant difference in Pain Intensity within the Pre-Obesity, Class I, II or III Obesity groups. However, No Pain was significantly more common than all other categories of pain severity within the No Obesity group. The No Obesity group also demonstrated decreased rates of Mild and Moderate Fatigue, Moderate and Severe Pain Interference, Mild and Moderate Physical Function, Mild and Moderate Ability to Participate in Social Roles and Activities, and opioid utilization when compared to those having Normal levels in each of those PROMIS domains or who did not use opioid medication.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Complex and inconsistent relationships exist between BMI and biopsychosocial functioning among patients with spine pain. Generally, lower frequencies of impairment are present in non-obese patients (specifically for Fatigue, Pain Interference, Physical Function, Ability to Participate in Social Roles and Activities, and Pain Intensity) and higher frequencies of impairment are observed in patients with an elevated BMI (most consistently for Depression, Pain Interference, Physical Function Ability to Participate in Social Roles and Activiti","PeriodicalId":100727,"journal":{"name":"Interventional Pain Medicine","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100723"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145841682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-16DOI: 10.1016/j.inpm.2025.100721
Christopher Zarembinski, J. Patrick Johnson
Introduction
The anatomy of the vertebral artery (VA) can be variable around the C1 and C2 vertebrae, which can pose risk during cervical spine instrumentation and pain blocks. A patient with prior cerebellar astrocytoma required a C2 nerve root block for treatment of occipital neuralgia. Precise location of the VA was questioned due to previous posterior C1 arch excision.
Case
The objective was to describe the utility of CT angiogram (CTA) in describing VA location in planning the C2 nerve root block. Once determined that the VA was not in proximity of the lateral atlantoaxial joint (LAA), then the C2 nerve block was completed uneventfully with resolution of occipital pain.
Conclusions
The CTA was critical in determining VA location in advance of C2 nerve root block, and can be used with regularity when vascular anatomy is questioned.
{"title":"Fluoroscopic C2 selective nerve root block enabled with CT angiogram","authors":"Christopher Zarembinski, J. Patrick Johnson","doi":"10.1016/j.inpm.2025.100721","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.inpm.2025.100721","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The anatomy of the vertebral artery (VA) can be variable around the C1 and C2 vertebrae, which can pose risk during cervical spine instrumentation and pain blocks. A patient with prior cerebellar astrocytoma required a C2 nerve root block for treatment of occipital neuralgia. Precise location of the VA was questioned due to previous posterior C1 arch excision.</div></div><div><h3>Case</h3><div>The objective was to describe the utility of CT angiogram (CTA) in describing VA location in planning the C2 nerve root block. Once determined that the VA was not in proximity of the lateral atlantoaxial joint (LAA), then the C2 nerve block was completed uneventfully with resolution of occipital pain.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The CTA was critical in determining VA location in advance of C2 nerve root block, and can be used with regularity when vascular anatomy is questioned.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100727,"journal":{"name":"Interventional Pain Medicine","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100721"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145760841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.inpm.2025.100718
Christopher L. Robinson , Milan P. Stojanovic , Zachary L. McCormick
{"title":"Regenerative medicine: Are we at a crossroads for interventional pain medicine or just another phase?","authors":"Christopher L. Robinson , Milan P. Stojanovic , Zachary L. McCormick","doi":"10.1016/j.inpm.2025.100718","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.inpm.2025.100718","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100727,"journal":{"name":"Interventional Pain Medicine","volume":"4 4","pages":"Article 100718"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145693700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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