Journal of Korean Nature最新文献

A total of 15 rare plant species, including CR species of Abelia spathulata Siebold & Zucc., Tricularia yakusimensis Masam., Wikstroemia ganpi (Siebold & Zucc.) Maxim., EN species of Jeffersonia dubia (Maxim.) Benth. & Hook.f., Hololeion maximowiczii Kitam., Deutzia paniculata Nakai, VU species of Drosera rotundifolia L., Pogonia japonica Rchb.f., Euphorbia fauriei H. Lev. & Vaniot, LC species of Iris ensata var. spontanea (Makino) Nakai, Lysimachia coreana Nakai, Iris ensata var. spontanea (Makino) Nakai, Utricularia racemosa Wall. and DD species of Veronica pusanensis Y. Lee and Glaux maritima var. obtusifolia Fernald, were observed during the study conducted on the distribution of rare plant species in the Ulsan·Busan·Yangsan region. Of the 15 taxa, 3 were trees and 12 were herbs. 6 taxa (Tricularia yakusimensis Masam., Hololeion maximowiczii Kitam., Drosera rotundifolia L., Pogonia japonica Rchb.f., Iris ensata var. spontanea (Makino) Nakai, Utricularia racemosa Wall.) were those found in wetlands, 4 taxa (Wikstroemia ganpi (Siebold & Zucc.) Maxim., Jeffersonia dubia (Maxim.) Benth. & Hook.f., Lysimachia coreana Nakai, Iris ensata var. spontanea (Makino) Nakai) on mountain slopes, 3 taxa (Euphorbia fauriei H. Lev. & Vaniot, Veronica pusanensis Y. Lee, Glaux maritima var. obtusifolia Fernald) in the coastal region, and 2 taxa (Abelia spathulata Siebold & Zucc., Deutzia paniculata Nakai) in the valley area. In the case of rare plant species found in wetlands, there has been damage caused by coast elevation, forest road construction and farming, and in the case of other rare plant species, there has been damage caused by developments and other detrimental factors. Wikstroemia ganpi (Siebold & Zucc.) Maxim. and Veronica pusanensis Y. Lee are especially in need of protective measures, since their habitat is decreasing and they are being damaged via picking.

Spider fauna of Taebaeksan (Mt.) located in Taebaek City, Gangwon-do, as a serial work to understand spider fauna of Korean mountains, was surveyed provisionally between April and September in 1995. A total of 113 species of 83 genera in 27 families from 402 individuals of spiders were identified. Comparing the species richness of each family, there were 21 Araneid spiders (18.6%), followed by 12 Salticid spiders (10.6%), 11 Thomisid spiders (9.7%) and 10 Theridiid spiders (8.8%). Zoogeographically, spider fauna of Taebaeksan (Mt.) represented 2 cosmopolitan species (1.8%), and 6 holarctic region species (5.3%), 10 palearctic region species (14.2%) and 3 endemic species (2.7%). The result of this study provides an past collected inventory of mountain spiders and information regarding the region's biodiversity, and the results will not only become useful for the effective management and long-term use of national biological resources, but will also become a highly important data for the preservation of biodiversity based on changes in distribution, time and space.

This study was conducted to know the visitation aspect of Limosa spp. and the roles of Nakdong River estuary as resting ground for Limosa spp. This study was conducted during the two periods for the early 1990s (May, 1989 to April 1993) and the mid-2000s (May, 2002 to April 2008) in order to assess the state of long-term monitoring of Limosa spp. in Nakdong River estuary, an area characterized by rapidly changing environment. Among the 9 genus, 27 species and 116,761 individuals observed during the study (May, 1989 to April 1993, May, 2002 to April 2008, total of 10 years), 1,071 individuals of the black-tailed godwit (Limosa limosa) and 3,214 individuals of the bar-tailed godwit (Limosa lapponica) of genus Limosa of family Scolopacidae were observed. 2 species observed was 4,285 individuals and which was 3.67% of total individuals observed. Among the case of the 2 species and 4,285 individuals of genus Limosa, 834 individuals of the black-tailed godwit and 2,216 individuals of the bar-tailed godwit, for a total of 3,050 individuals, were observed during the early 1990s (between years 1989 and 1993), and 237 individuals of the black-tailed godwit and 998 individuals of the bar-tailed godwit, for a total of 1,235 individuals, were observed during the mid 2000s. Comparison of the visitation aspects of the two periods did not show significant difference between the early 1990s and the mid-2000s (P<0.14), and the individuals observed in the early 1990s (Mean=762.50) were greater than those observed in the mid-2000s (Mean=205.83). The average number of individuals of the 5 regions was 41.17 individuals, with the average number of individuals being 136.83 individuals in Daemadeung (DMD), 14.33 individuals in Jangja · Shinjado (JJ.SJD), 30.00 individuals in Saja · Doyodeung (SJ.DY), 17.83 individuals in southern Eulsukdo (LUD) and 6.83 individuals in Eulsukdo (USD). Statistical analysis showed significant difference among the 5 sites (P<0.05). A total of 1,235 individuals were observed during 6 years, including 821 individuals in Daemadeung, 180 individuals in Saja · Doyodeung, 107 individuals in southern Eulsukdo, 86 individuals in Shinjado and 41 individuals in Eulsukdo.

This study was conducted as a part of the study initiated by the Korea National Arboretum in 2010 to collect data on regional biological resources. A total of 5 collection sessions were conducted between April and September of 2010 to examine the insect fauna of Bannonsan (Mt.) (1,068.4 m), located in Jeongseon-gun, Gangwon-do. As a result, a total of 12 orders, 96 families, 468 species and 1,059 individuals were observed during the study.

The study on the avifauna of the Seonheul Gotjawal region of Jeju-do (Is.), a survey site of long-term ecological study, was conducted between February of 2011 and January of 2012. A total of 54 species and 1,039 individuals of birds were observed, with 30 species and 164 individuals observed during spring, 31 species and 174 individuals during summer, 30 species and 206 individuals during fall and 28 species and 868 individuals during winter. In terms of dominant species, Mandarin Duck (Aix galericulata) was the most dominant at 500 individuals (48.12%), followed by Rook (Corvus frugilegus) at 250 individuals (24.06%), Black-billed Magpie (Pica pica) at 36 individuals (3.46%), Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica) at 34 individuals (3.27%) and Great Tit (Parus major) and Japanese White-eye (Zosterops japonicus) at 26 individuals (2.50%) each. The overall species diversity was 1.95, with the value 2.69 during spring, 2.87 during summer, 2.81 during fall and 1.29 during winter. The species diversity was low during the winter, because Mandarin Duck (Aix galericulata) and Rook (Corvus frugilegus) were observed at a relative high level when compared to other species, at 500 individuals and 250 individuals respectively. Government protected species included 8 natural monument species, such as Mandarin Duck (Aix galericulata), Common Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus), Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus), Cinereous Vulture (Aegypius monachus), Eurasian Sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus), Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis), Lesser Cuckoo (Cuculus poliocephalus) and Fairy Pitta (Pitta nympha), and 8 endangered species of Japanese Night Heron (Gorsachius goisagi), Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus), Cinereous Vulture (Aegypius monachus), Crested Honey Buzzard (Pernis ptilorhychus), Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis), Eurasian Sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus), Fairy Pitta (Pitta nympha) and Black Paraside Flycatcher (Terpsiphone atrocaudata). Since subtropical birds, such as Japanese Night Heron (Gorsachius goisagi), White-bellied Green Pigeon (Treron sieboldii) and Chestnut-winged Cuckoo (Clamator coromandus) were observed during the study, there is a need for a continuous monitoring of their migratory pattern and breeding.

This study was conducted between 2006 and 2010 and evaluated the changes in avifauna following the restoration of Cheonggyecheon (Stream) to propose appropriate methods of management. The result of the 5 year study recorded a total of 46 species and 1,465 individuals (maximum count). Important dominant species included the domestic pigeon (Columba livia), the most dominant species at 43.8% dominance, followed by the tree sparrow (Passer montanus) (18.2%), parrotbill (Paradoxornis webbianus) (8.9%), spot-billed duck (Anas poecilorhyncha) (4.2%) and the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) (4.2%). Avifauna of Cheonggyecheon (Stream) exhibited an increase until 2008, then showed a decrease, and this may be caused by the high carrying capacity of Cheonggyecheon (Stream). In terms of the avifauna of individual sections, the number of species and individuals, species diversity and species richness increased nearing downstream, and upstream sites (St. 1 - St.3) displayed a high level of similarity. Water birds were observed in an especially high level in the downstream region. This may be caused by the fact that the upstream region is characterized by narrow stream width, fast water flow and confined space suitable for habitation, and the fact that downstream includes larger and more diverse habitats compared to upstream. As management measures, the upstream region requires the maintenance of shrubs using revetment, and the downstream region requires the addition of resting grounds for water birds and the expansion of emerging plant colonies within revetment.

To survey the appearance pattern of ants in Mt. Chiaksan, 1,358 colonies 0f ant species were collected in three courses for two years (2009~2010). As the result, the ant fauna of Mt. Chiaksan were found to be 57 species belonging to 27 genera under 6 subfamilies. Among them, 15 species were newly recorded to inhabit in Mt. Chiaksan: Pachycondyla chinensis, P. pilosior, Hypoponera gleadowi, Proceratium itoi, Myrmica kotokui, M. kurokii, Stenamma ussuriensis, Leptothorax acervorum, Monomorium chinense, Mo. intrudens, Crematogaster vagulla, Camponotus vitiosus, Formica sanguinea, F. yessensis, and Lasius umbratus. Consequently a total of 60 species under 27 genera of Formicidae are recorded from Mt. Chiaksan.