Journal of Nanjing Medical University最新文献

Objective

To explore the effect of neural histamine in the tuberomammillary nucleus(TM) on neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE) onset in rabbits and the function of the rostral ventrolateral medulla(RVLM) in the neural histamine modulation of NPE.

Methods

NPE was produced by the intracisternal injections of fibrinogen and thrombin. The contents of histamine in the TM and RVLM in rabbits were measured with high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). Rabbits were placed on a stereotaxic frame and microinjection cannulae were inserted into the TM and RVLM using brain atlas coordinates. Animals were pretreated with R-α-methylhistamine(MeHA) in the TM and chlorphenamine Mmaleate/cimetidine in the RVLM prior to establishing the NPE model. Changes in the lung water ratio and mean arterial pressure(MAP) were recorded, and paraffin sections of lung tissue were observed by light microscope.

Results

We found that the contents of histamine(HA) in the TM and RVLM increased significantly with the onset of NPE. Pretreatment with MeHA in the TM and chlorphenamine Mmaleate in the RVLM significantly decreased MAP, and the lung water ratio and histological characteristics of the NPE in the rabbit model. Pretreatment with cimetidine in the RVLM had no effect on NPE.

Conculsion

The results suggest that neural histamine in the TM is involved in the onset of NPE, and this effect of neural histamine is mediated by H₁ receptor in the RVLM.

Cetuximab is a new medication that has recently been approved for the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer. To date we have had little experience in using this targeted agent. Eleven patients in our hospital with advanced colorectal cancer were treated with cetuximab and chemotherapy. Based on the curative effect of this combination therapy, we have concluded that the following nursing practices make an important contribution to the patients'prognosis and wellbeing: to establish a good nurse-patient relationship, to increase patient understanding of the side effects, to standardize the medications, to observe and to deal with the side effects of the medications(for example skin reaction, neutropenia, and diarrhea), and to provide continuous mental health care support and education.

Objective

To study the morphologic abnormalities of the myenteric plexus in diabetic rats and to explore the mechanism of their effect on gastrointestinal motility.

Methods

Forty rats were randomly divided into a diabetic group and a control group, Gastric emptying and small intestine transit rates were measured and histologic and molecular changes in glutamatergic nerves in the ileal myenteric plexus were observed, mGluR5 receptor and EAAC1 transporter changes in the diabetic rats were studied using fluorescence immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR.

Results

Eighteen weeks after the establishment of the diabetic rats model, gastric emptying and small intestine transit rates were found to be significantly delayed in the diabetic group when compared with the control group. The density of glutamatergic ganglia and neurons in the ileal myenterie plexus were significantly decreased in the diabetic group when compared with control group(P < 0.05) and the mGluR5 receptors and EAAC1 transporters were downregulated in the diabetic rats(P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Decreased glutamatergic enteric ganglia and neurons and decreased mGluR5 receptors and EAAC1 transporters in the intestinal myenteric plexus is one of the mechanisms of diabetic gastroenteropathy in rats.

Objective

To explore the factors influencing insulin resistance in obese Chinese children.

Methods

We randomly selected 53 children with uncomplicated obesity between 9 to14 years of age, and 29 normal healthy children, matched for age and sex. Anthropometric and plasma biochemical variables(including lipid profiles, glucose and insulin) were measured using standard methods. We calculated insulin resistance(IR) index using homeostasis model assessment(HOMA) methods and measured plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP) levels using nephelometric methods. All statistical analyses were conducted using the statistical package SPSS.

Results

Levels of fasting serum insulin, hs-CRP, total cholesterol(TC), low density lipoproteins cholesterol(LDL-C) and IR index were higher in obese children than in controls, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) values were lower in the obese children. There was no significant difference in levels of fasting blood glucose between the two groups. HOMA-IR was used as the dependent variable in multivariate regression analysis. Significant independent predictors for insulin resistance adjusted for waist/hip ratio, diastolic pressure (DBP), BMI, triglycerides and HDL-C level were waist circumference(WC), weight and systolic pressure(SBP).

Conclusion

Waist circumference, weight and SBP are predictors of insulin resistance syndrome in Chinese adolescents

Objective

To study the possibility of natural hydroxyapatite/chitosan composite on repairing bone defects.

Methods

We developed a natural hydroxyapatite/chitosan composite that could be molded into any desired shape. The powder component consists of natural hydroxyapatite, which is epurated from bone of pigs. The liquid component consists of malic acid and chitosan. Operations were performed on the left tibias of 15 white rabbits to create two square bone defects. One of the defects was reconstructed with the composite, while the other was not repaired and used as a blank control. Three of the animals were killed at the end of 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 12 weeks and 16 weeks respectively and implants were evaluated anatomically and histologically.

Results

No apparent rejection reaction was found, except for a mild inflammatory infiltration observed 2 weeks after surgery. Fibrous tissue became thinner 2∼8 weeks after surgery and bony connections were detected 12 weeks after surgery. The new bone was the same as the recipient bone by the 16th postoperative week.

Conclusion

The hydroxyapatite/chitosan composite has good biocompatibility and osteoconduction. It is a potential repairing material for clinical application.

Objective

To find the value of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging of common renal diseases.

Methods

There were 30 healthy subjects and 81 patients with renal lesions (56 cases of renal carcinoma, 18 lesions of 12 cases of renal angiomyolipoma, and 21 lesions of 13 cases of renal cysts). Conventional magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging were carried out. We measured the average ADC value of the renal lesions and normal kidneys. ADC maps from different b values were generated by a statistical package.

Results

The ADC values of normal kidneys with three different motion-probing gradients(b=500, 800, 1000 sec/mm²) were 2.78 ± 0.14, × 10⁻³mm²s⁻¹, 2.45 ± 0.13, × 10⁻³mm²s⁻¹, 2.13 ± 0.14, × 10⁻³mm²s⁻¹, respectively. The ADC values of renal cell carcinoma with three different motion-probing gradients(b=500, 800, 1000 sec/mm²) were 1.63 ± 0.14 × 10⁻³mm²s⁻¹, 1.31± 0.18 × 10⁻³mm²s⁻¹, 1.07 ± 0.15, 10⁻³mm²s⁻¹, respectively. Among the renal cell carcinoma, the ADC value of clear cell type were 1.67 ± 0.09, × 10⁻³mm²s⁻¹, 1.36 ± 0.13, × 10⁻³mm²s⁻¹, 1.15 ± 0.14, × 10⁻³mm²s⁻¹, respectively; the ADC values of granular cell type were 1.59 ± 0.19, × 10⁻³mm²s⁻¹, 1.25 ± 0.22, × 10⁻³mm²s⁻¹, 0.97 ± 0.12, × 10⁻³mm²s⁻¹, respectively. The ADC values of renal angiomyolipoma with three different motion-probing gradients(b=500, 800, 1000 sec/mm²) were 0.88± 0.08, 10⁻³mm²s⁻¹, 0.63 ± 0.07, × 10⁻³mm²s⁻¹, 0.43 ± 0.04, × 10⁻³mm²s⁻¹, respectively. The ADC values of renal cystic lesions with three different motion-probing gradients(b=500, 800, 1000 sec/mm²) were 3.73 ± 0.18, × 10⁻³mm²s⁻¹, 3.44 ± 0.13, × 10⁻³mm²s⁻¹, 3.09 ± 0.21, × 10⁻³mm²s⁻¹, respectively. Statistically significant differences exists between the ADC values of normal kidney, renal carcinomas, renal angiomyolipomas and renal cysts when the b value is the same. Among the different cell types of renal carcinomas, the ADC value of granular cell carcinoma is lower than that of clear cell carcinomas.

Conclusion

It is of benefit in diagnosing and distinguishing between benign and malignant renal tumors to know the ADC values in diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Furthermore, these values help to know the in