Journal of the American Association of Instructors and Investigators of Poultry Husbandry最新文献

Since there has been so much conflicting data relative to the use of cottonseed meal in the laying ration it was thought advisable to run an experiment to clear up the matter for the Southern farmer. Consequently, starting November 1, 1917, four pens, each consisting of 25 S. C. White Leghorn pullets, were fed the following rations:

Pen 1. Basic mash plus 3.2 pounds of tankage.

Pen 2. Basic mash plus buttermilk (available all the time).

Pen 3. Basic mash plus 1.6 pounds tankage and 3 pounds C. S. M.

Pen 4. Basic mash plus 6 pounds cottonseed meal.

All pens received the basic mash of 10 pounds bran; 10 pounds shorts; 5 pounds ground oats.

The same grain ration was fed to all pens. The grain mixture was changed from time to time to meet the demands of war rations. The first year 2 parts wheat, 2 parts corn . . .

Perhaps one of the greatest drawbacks to profitable poultry culture in the South is a disease known as chicken pox. This trouble is common everywhere in the United States where chickens are grown, but it is more severe in southern states. The trouble occurs during September, October, November and December. Young stock in particular, also older ones which have suffered from the effect of the long summer heat are all susceptible to it. Chicken Pox is not only a disease serious in itself, but it also paves the way for roup and canker, thus affecting the young pullets and the laying hens. Pox is a contagious disease and it often spreads like wildfire.

The writer after trying various treating methods, has devised the following simple and effective remedy. This was tried out for three seasons and has given good results. The formula is as follows: 25 per cent or one . . .

A year that is full of promise is before us. The Association because of past work well done, of steadily increasing membership and of native punch is in better position than ever before to be of assistance to the poultry industry of North America. Let us go forward knowing that we have worked well and that each advancement will aid us in doing still better each year.

We have this year a number of projects that should be carried through to a finish. First, we should do all we can to see that the American Exhibit at the World’s Poultry Congress truly represents the best that we have to offer.

Second, we should aid in protecting the poultry industry from demoralizing for eign competition. Third, we should aid in so far as we can the revision of the American Standard of Perfection and the formation of market poultry and egg . . .

HISTORICAL

Paralysis of the domestic fowls and of pigeons has been known to poultry breeders for many years, perhaps decades, but so far as our research in literature can tell has never been studied scientifically in Pathological Research Laboratories prior to the time when we took up the study in 1914. We find no records of its studies in such laboratories.

Epiornithological Studies

Our attention was first called to paralysis of fowls during the fall of 1914 by a breeder in the New England states in which he said that the disease had appeared in quite a number of flocks in his state and that one or more birds would become sick of the disease and die each week. The symptoms as he gave them are typical of the disease and are given in another section of this paper. Some of his sick birds were sent to our laboratory for . . .

The requirements of a growing chick are the same whether they grow under the conditions of natural environment or the adverse conditions of confinement. But in the latter case the requirements from the caretaker are quite different. In the first place he need only supply that part of their requirements most easily administered. When the chicks are kept in confinement he must meet all their requirements, which are many. For example the chicks are unable to catch bugs or scratch for worms therefore he must furnish their equivalent, and so with the other essentials of vital importance which ordinarily require no attention.

Three years ago an experiment with the growth of chicks in confinement to determine the optimum amount of protein from meat scraps and soybean meal and the relative value of these two proteins for the growth of chicks was undertaken by the Purdue University Agricultural Experiment Station. Keeping . . .

Last year I reported on the distribution of mortality of chick embryos during the period of incubation and presented a formulae for calculating, on the 14th day of incubation, the approximate number of chicks to be hatched. This method for “counting your chicks before they hatch” was applied, the past season, on five hatches, March 2nd to May 20th (one of which was in 1919.) 7,120 eggs were incubated in small machines and the calculated hatch was 1.4% less than the actual hatch. The estimate was 3,840. The hatch was 3,940 or 100 chicks more.

Variation of Temperature at Different Levels

It was also reported, last year, that a large percentage of chicks dead in shell were found to be deformed. In February we recorded temperatures at various levels in the egg chamber and to our surprise we found a difference of 4° to 8° F. between the top and . . .

I presume that it is a more or less generally admitted fact that in the reproduction of birds with which to perpetuate and build up the poultry flock the-poultry raiser finds his most perplexing problems, for in the hatching of eggs and the brooding and rearing of young chicks there are many as yet unsolved questions, as well as many agencies that rise to make that particular part of the poultryman’s work difficult. Consequently, we, at the New Jersey Station, and I assume that it is true elsewhere as well, have felt a decidedly strong call for help and advice during the spring season, and an insistent demand on the part of the industry in the state for research work, as well as demonstrational work, along the lines of baby chick production and handling. This is a wide field and one which I feel personally is worthy of very carefully . . .

One of the poultryman’s biggest problems is to renew the flock. This depends in a large measure upon incubation. To be successful in incubation one must have good, fertile eggs that will develop vigorous chicks. The feeding and care of the breeders will determine very largely the quality of the eggs they will produce.

In determining the efficiency of our breeders we must take into consideration the following factors: feed costs, number of eggs produced, fertility, hatchability, cost to produce a chick, chick mortality, and quality of the chicks.

In the experiment which is here reported all conditions were made as uniform as possible, with the ration as the variable factor. The basal or check grain mixture consisted of six parts of cracked corn, three parts of oats, one part of wheat. The mash mixture was made up of one part each of corn meal, wheat bran, wheat middlings, ground . . .

The following is an average of many such tests run to determine the effects of the lack of animal food upon development of the young and growing chick.

The ration containing no animal food was as follows:

The nutritive ratio of this mixture is 1:3.2, the per cent protein calories are 30, the cost, at the time the experiment was run was $4.40 per hundred. It is excessively base being 63.9 per pound.

The grain ration consisted of the following mixture:

The nutritive ratio of this mixture is 1: 7.8, the per cent protein calories are 13, the cost per hundred pounds, at the time the experiment was run, was $5.05, it is excessive acid being 67.2.

The mash was kept before . . .