Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.mtcata.2024.100069
Yilong Yan , Franck Morfin , Bei-Bei Xiao , Hazar Guesmi , Mimoun Aouine , Mathieu Prévot , Sophie Morisset , Stéphane Célérier , Laurent Piccolo
Mo2Ti2C3Tx MXene materials, bare or loaded with strongly anchored single Pt atoms, were investigated using various methods, including STEM, XPS, XAS and DFT calculations. Upon Pt impregnation, the delaminated Mo-rich MXene surface undergoes partial oxidation, which is reversed by an H2 thermal treatment at 400 °C. The optimized MXene shows high catalytic activity for CO2 hydrogenation to CO and smaller amounts of methane and methanol. Around and above the pretreatment temperature of 400 °C, the MXene is gradually defunctionalized from O- and F-containing groups and depleted in carbidic carbon, leading to deactivation. Single Pt atoms are cationic after impregnation, and reduce upon H2 treatment, filling surface Mo vacancies. Pt addition increases the MXene activity, in particular by facilitating H2 dissociation, but has little effect on the single-atom catalyst selectivity and on the rate dependence upon reactant partial pressures. The lowest Pt loading leads to the highest turnover frequency, indicating that the MXene surface sites are key to CO2 activation.
采用 STEM、XPS、XAS 和 DFT 计算等多种方法研究了裸铂原子或强锚定铂原子的 Mo2Ti2C3Tx MXene 材料。铂浸渍后，分层的富钼 MXene 表面会发生部分氧化，在 400 °C 下进行 H2 热处理可逆转氧化。优化后的 MXene 在将 CO2 加氢转化为 CO 以及少量甲烷和甲醇时表现出很高的催化活性。在预处理温度 400 ℃ 左右及以上，MXene 中的含 O 和 F 基团逐渐失官能化，碳化物逐渐耗尽，从而导致失活。单个铂原子在浸渍后呈阳离子状态，经 H2 处理后还原，填补了表面的 Mo 空位。铂的添加提高了 MXene 的活性，特别是通过促进 H2 的解离，但对单原子催化剂的选择性和反应物分压的速率依赖性影响不大。最低的铂负载导致最高的翻转频率，这表明 MXene 表面位点是二氧化碳活化的关键。
{"title":"Mo2Ti2C3TX MXene performance in catalytic CO2 hydrogenation and its promotion with single Pt atoms","authors":"Yilong Yan , Franck Morfin , Bei-Bei Xiao , Hazar Guesmi , Mimoun Aouine , Mathieu Prévot , Sophie Morisset , Stéphane Célérier , Laurent Piccolo","doi":"10.1016/j.mtcata.2024.100069","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtcata.2024.100069","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mo<sub>2</sub>Ti<sub>2</sub>C<sub>3</sub>T<sub>x</sub> MXene materials, bare or loaded with strongly anchored single Pt atoms, were investigated using various methods, including STEM, XPS, XAS and DFT calculations. Upon Pt impregnation, the delaminated Mo-rich MXene surface undergoes partial oxidation, which is reversed by an H<sub>2</sub> thermal treatment at 400 °C. The optimized MXene shows high catalytic activity for CO<sub>2</sub> hydrogenation to CO and smaller amounts of methane and methanol. Around and above the pretreatment temperature of 400 °C, the MXene is gradually defunctionalized from O- and F-containing groups and depleted in carbidic carbon, leading to deactivation. Single Pt atoms are cationic after impregnation, and reduce upon H<sub>2</sub> treatment, filling surface Mo vacancies. Pt addition increases the MXene activity, in particular by facilitating H<sub>2</sub> dissociation, but has little effect on the single-atom catalyst selectivity and on the rate dependence upon reactant partial pressures. The lowest Pt loading leads to the highest turnover frequency, indicating that the MXene surface sites are key to CO<sub>2</sub> activation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100892,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Catalysis","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100069"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142532270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-15DOI: 10.1016/j.mtcata.2024.100068
Shiyu Li , Jin Yan , Xiaoxia Chen , Chudi Ni , Yiwen Chen , Meihuan Liu , Hui Su
The reaction kinetics at the solid-liquid interface significantly affects the rate of electrocatalytic reactions. At the atomic and molecular levels, accurately identifying the structural evolution of active sites, the evolution of reaction intermediates, and the mechanism of catalytic reactions play an important role for designing efficient catalysts in electrochemical energy storage and conversion technologies, though it remains highly challenging. This review systematically scrutinizes recent achievements in the dynamic investigation of solid-liquid electrochemical interfaces during electrocatalysis, using in situ synchrotron X-ray absorption fine structure (SR-XAFS) and synchrotron Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (SR-FTIR). It provides a comprehensive discussion on the continuous development of in situ SR-XAFS and SR-FTIR, with particular emphasis on the content of multi-scale monitoring the structural evolution of active centers. Moreover, the review highlights the unique and powerful role of correlative SR-XAFS/FTIR in exploring the dynamic of solid-liquid electrochemical interfaces in mainstream research areas such as electrocatalytic water splitting, oxygen reduction, nitrate reduction, and carbon dioxide reduction. Finally, the challenges and prospects of identifying the kinetic behavior of solid-liquid electrocatalytic interfaces in electrocatalytic materials under working conditions. This review aims to offer ample, reliable, and complementary information on the dynamic evolution of the interface during the electrocatalytic process, thereby guiding the rational design of advanced catalytic materials with outstanding activity, selectivity, and stability.
{"title":"Advanced in situ characterization techniques for studying the dynamics of solid-liquid interface in electrocatalytic reactions","authors":"Shiyu Li , Jin Yan , Xiaoxia Chen , Chudi Ni , Yiwen Chen , Meihuan Liu , Hui Su","doi":"10.1016/j.mtcata.2024.100068","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtcata.2024.100068","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The reaction kinetics at the solid-liquid interface significantly affects the rate of electrocatalytic reactions. At the atomic and molecular levels, accurately identifying the structural evolution of active sites, the evolution of reaction intermediates, and the mechanism of catalytic reactions play an important role for designing efficient catalysts in electrochemical energy storage and conversion technologies, though it remains highly challenging. This review systematically scrutinizes recent achievements in the dynamic investigation of solid-liquid electrochemical interfaces during electrocatalysis, using <em>in situ</em> synchrotron X-ray absorption fine structure (SR-XAFS) and synchrotron Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (SR-FTIR). It provides a comprehensive discussion on the continuous development of <em>in situ</em> SR-XAFS and SR-FTIR, with particular emphasis on the content of multi-scale monitoring the structural evolution of active centers. Moreover, the review highlights the unique and powerful role of correlative SR-XAFS/FTIR in exploring the dynamic of solid-liquid electrochemical interfaces in mainstream research areas such as electrocatalytic water splitting, oxygen reduction, nitrate reduction, and carbon dioxide reduction. Finally, the challenges and prospects of identifying the kinetic behavior of solid-liquid electrocatalytic interfaces in electrocatalytic materials under working conditions. This review aims to offer ample, reliable, and complementary information on the dynamic evolution of the interface during the electrocatalytic process, thereby guiding the rational design of advanced catalytic materials with outstanding activity, selectivity, and stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100892,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Catalysis","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100068"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142441771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-09DOI: 10.1016/j.mtcata.2024.100067
Mariyam Saniya , Iqra Sadiq , Saman Shaheen , Sarvari Khatoon , Tokeer Ahmad
Investigation for novel functional catalysts illustrates an essential direction in advancing and researching renewable energy. On account of their specific compositional and structural tunability and remarkable stability, double perovskites have been extensively examined as a category of versatile compounds for applications in photocatalysis and electrocatalysis, highlighting them as a promising candidate for catalytic performance and stability. In this review article, we have elaborated on the tunability of double perovskites in terms of their compositions and structures, which proved to be tremendous features for double perovskites in diverse applications. Furthermore, the fabrication methods and the performance optimization comprising band gap tuning of double perovskites have been discussed. The current status of double perovskites for photocatalytic and electrocatalytic H2 production and CO2 reduction, with recent reports, has also been reviewed. Lastly, the challenges and future outlook are put forward.
研究新型功能催化剂是推进和研究可再生能源的一个重要方向。由于其特定的组成和结构可调性以及显著的稳定性，双包晶石作为一类应用于光催化和电催化的多功能化合物已被广泛研究，凸显了它们在催化性能和稳定性方面的广阔前景。在这篇综述文章中，我们阐述了双包晶石在组成和结构方面的可调性，事实证明这是双包晶石在各种应用中的巨大特点。此外，还讨论了双包晶石的制造方法和包括带隙调谐在内的性能优化。此外，还综述了双包晶石在光催化和电催化制取 H2 和还原 CO2 方面的应用现状，以及近期的相关报道。最后，提出了面临的挑战和未来展望。
{"title":"Engrossing structural developments of double perovskites for viable energy applications","authors":"Mariyam Saniya , Iqra Sadiq , Saman Shaheen , Sarvari Khatoon , Tokeer Ahmad","doi":"10.1016/j.mtcata.2024.100067","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtcata.2024.100067","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Investigation for novel functional catalysts illustrates an essential direction in advancing and researching renewable energy. On account of their specific compositional and structural tunability and remarkable stability, double perovskites have been extensively examined as a category of versatile compounds for applications in photocatalysis and electrocatalysis, highlighting them as a promising candidate for catalytic performance and stability. In this review article, we have elaborated on the tunability of double perovskites in terms of their compositions and structures, which proved to be tremendous features for double perovskites in diverse applications. Furthermore, the fabrication methods and the performance optimization comprising band gap tuning of double perovskites have been discussed. The current status of double perovskites for photocatalytic and electrocatalytic H<sub>2</sub> production and CO<sub>2</sub> reduction, with recent reports, has also been reviewed. Lastly, the challenges and future outlook are put forward.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100892,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Catalysis","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100067"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142445410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-23DOI: 10.1016/j.mtcata.2024.100066
Charlotte Croisé, Xavier Courtois, Stéphane Célérier, Lola Loupias, Christine Canaff, Julie Rousseau, Nicolas Bion, Fabien Can
This study investigated (Ru-)Mo2C (MXene) materials for ammonia thermo-catalytic synthesis under atmospheric or moderate pressure. Under a H2-N2 (3:1) flow, the Mo2C MXene phase showed limited activity in ammonia synthesis at atmospheric pressure at 400 °C (0.01 mmol h⁻¹ g⁻¹), which increased significantly with temperature and pressure, reaching 2.07 mmol h⁻¹ g⁻¹ at 500°C and under 5 bar. Interestingly, Mo-based MXene was able to generate an appreciable quantity of ammonia without promoters such as ruthenium, the most active metal for the ammonia synthesis reaction. Unexpectedly, the addition of Ru to Mo2C did not enhance its activity. The nitriding of the MXene under NH3 or N2 was then performed and characterized. A thermal treatment under NH3 (600 °C, 5 bar) was efficient and, interestingly, nitriding also occurred in a lower extent under N2 (600 °C, 5 bar) for the sample containing ruthenium. The N-containing MXene produced ammonia under pure H2 flow from temperatures lower than 250 °C. Consecutive nitriding treatments and ammonia production under pure H2 were successfully achieved and demonstrated for 5 cycles. This result is promising for chemical looping ammonia production process. This work highlights essential aspects that should be explored for future advances to consider using Mo2CTx MXene for the efficient thermal production of ammonia.
{"title":"(Ru-)Mo2C (MXene) catalysts for ammonia synthesis: From Haber-Bosch to chemical looping processes","authors":"Charlotte Croisé, Xavier Courtois, Stéphane Célérier, Lola Loupias, Christine Canaff, Julie Rousseau, Nicolas Bion, Fabien Can","doi":"10.1016/j.mtcata.2024.100066","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtcata.2024.100066","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated (Ru-)Mo<sub>2</sub>C (MXene) materials for ammonia thermo-catalytic synthesis under atmospheric or moderate pressure. Under a H<sub>2</sub>-N<sub>2</sub> (3:1) flow, the Mo<sub>2</sub>C MXene phase showed limited activity in ammonia synthesis at atmospheric pressure at 400 °C (0.01 mmol h⁻¹ g⁻¹), which increased significantly with temperature and pressure, reaching 2.07 mmol h⁻¹ g⁻¹ at 500°C and under 5 bar. Interestingly, Mo-based MXene was able to generate an appreciable quantity of ammonia without promoters such as ruthenium, the most active metal for the ammonia synthesis reaction. Unexpectedly, the addition of Ru to Mo<sub>2</sub>C did not enhance its activity. The nitriding of the MXene under NH<sub>3</sub> or N<sub>2</sub> was then performed and characterized. A thermal treatment under NH<sub>3</sub> (600 °C, 5 bar) was efficient and, interestingly, nitriding also occurred in a lower extent under N<sub>2</sub> (600 °C, 5 bar) for the sample containing ruthenium. The N-containing MXene produced ammonia under pure H<sub>2</sub> flow from temperatures lower than 250 °C. Consecutive nitriding treatments and ammonia production under pure H<sub>2</sub> were successfully achieved and demonstrated for 5 cycles. This result is promising for chemical looping ammonia production process. This work highlights essential aspects that should be explored for future advances to consider using Mo<sub>2</sub>CT<sub>x</sub> MXene for the efficient thermal production of ammonia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100892,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Catalysis","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100066"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142320116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-21DOI: 10.1016/j.mtcata.2024.100065
Youcai Meng , Junyang Ding , Yifan Liu , Guangzhi Hu , Yanhong Feng , Yinghong Wu , Xijun Liu
Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction (ECR) is a crucial energy conversion technology that transforms CO2 into value-added chemicals, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and advancing energy transitions. Designing high-performance catalysts is pivotal for widespread adoption of CO2 reduction reactions, aiming for high activity, selectivity, and stability. Amorphous oxides represent a burgeoning frontier in this field, attracting attention due to their abundant active sites that refine the catalyst structure-performance relationship. This paper aims to provide an overview of recent advances in using amorphous oxides for ECR. We begin by introducing the basic theory of electrocatalytic CO2 reduction, followed by discussing current synthesis approaches for amorphous oxides in CO2 reduction, focusing on optimization strategies for these catalysts. Finally, we address challenges and future perspectives of amorphous oxides in ECR, aiming to foster the development of more efficient catalyst designs.
{"title":"Advancements in Amorphous Oxides For Electrocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Reduction","authors":"Youcai Meng , Junyang Ding , Yifan Liu , Guangzhi Hu , Yanhong Feng , Yinghong Wu , Xijun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.mtcata.2024.100065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtcata.2024.100065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub> reduction (ECR) is a crucial energy conversion technology that transforms CO<sub>2</sub> into value-added chemicals, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and advancing energy transitions. Designing high-performance catalysts is pivotal for widespread adoption of CO<sub>2</sub> reduction reactions, aiming for high activity, selectivity, and stability. Amorphous oxides represent a burgeoning frontier in this field, attracting attention due to their abundant active sites that refine the catalyst structure-performance relationship. This paper aims to provide an overview of recent advances in using amorphous oxides for ECR. We begin by introducing the basic theory of electrocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub> reduction, followed by discussing current synthesis approaches for amorphous oxides in CO<sub>2</sub> reduction, focusing on optimization strategies for these catalysts. Finally, we address challenges and future perspectives of amorphous oxides in ECR, aiming to foster the development of more efficient catalyst designs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100892,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Catalysis","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100065"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142320117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-19DOI: 10.1016/j.mtcata.2024.100062
Haixin Sun , Yingying Gao , Mengyuan Chen , Ming Li , Qinqin Xia , Yongzhuang Liu , Juan Meng , Shuo Dou , Haipeng Yu
Catalysts play a pivotal role in the efficient conversion of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) through electrochemical oxidation. In this work, a cost-effective and highly efficient cobalt-based electrocatalyst for the synthesis of bio-based carboxylic acids was reported. By the employment of cellulose, which was dissolved in the alkaline-urea with cobalt ion, as the precursor, it derived a carbon-coated Co3O4 (Co3O4@NC) catalyst with a high specific surface area and rich porous structure. When utilized in the electrocatalytic conversion of HMF to FDCA, the catalyst exhibited exceptional yields and Faradaic efficiency which surpassed 95 %. In-situ Raman spectra unveiled that a dual-pathway process occurred on this catalyst, with part of Co3O4 serving as active sites for HMF adsorption, while other Co3O4 transformed into CoOOH during the reaction. This dual-pathway electrocatalysis facilitated the highly efficient conversion of HMF. Additionally, using bio-based alcohols/aldehydes as the feedstocks, eight carboxylic acids were successfully synthesized with yields ranging from 91.5 % to 99 %. This study presents a highly efficient electrocatalyst derived from biomass, enabling diverse bio-based carboxylic acid production with significant potential for sustainable chemical synthesis.
{"title":"Synergistic boosting the electrooxidation of biomass-based 5-hydroxymethylfurfural on cellulose-derived Co3O4/N-doped carbon catalysts","authors":"Haixin Sun , Yingying Gao , Mengyuan Chen , Ming Li , Qinqin Xia , Yongzhuang Liu , Juan Meng , Shuo Dou , Haipeng Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.mtcata.2024.100062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtcata.2024.100062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Catalysts play a pivotal role in the efficient conversion of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) through electrochemical oxidation. In this work, a cost-effective and highly efficient cobalt-based electrocatalyst for the synthesis of bio-based carboxylic acids was reported. By the employment of cellulose, which was dissolved in the alkaline-urea with cobalt ion, as the precursor, it derived a carbon-coated Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@NC) catalyst with a high specific surface area and rich porous structure. When utilized in the electrocatalytic conversion of HMF to FDCA, the catalyst exhibited exceptional yields and Faradaic efficiency which surpassed 95 %. In-situ Raman spectra unveiled that a dual-pathway process occurred on this catalyst, with part of Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> serving as active sites for HMF adsorption, while other Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> transformed into CoOOH during the reaction. This dual-pathway electrocatalysis facilitated the highly efficient conversion of HMF. Additionally, using bio-based alcohols/aldehydes as the feedstocks, eight carboxylic acids were successfully synthesized with yields ranging from 91.5 % to 99 %. This study presents a highly efficient electrocatalyst derived from biomass, enabling diverse bio-based carboxylic acid production with significant potential for sustainable chemical synthesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100892,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Catalysis","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100062"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142320114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-13DOI: 10.1016/j.mtcata.2024.100061
Ifeanyi Michael Smarte Anekwe , Stephen Okiemute Akpasi , Emeka Michael Enemuo , Darlington Ashiegbu , Sherif Ishola Mustapha , Yusuf Makarfi Isa
This work provides a comprehensive overview of advanced characterisation techniques to unravel the molecular intricacies of catalytic processes. It begins with an introduction to catalytic processes and emphasises the importance of innovations in characterisation techniques, including SEM, XRD, UV-Vis, FTIR, RAMAN, XPS, NMR, TEM, AFM and the combined application of these techniques for improved catalytic investigation. The review of the development of catalytic processes provides a historical overview of progress and examines paradigm shifts in catalytic mechanisms and catalyst categories. Conventional microscopic and spectroscopic tools are revisited, highlighting the improvements in these techniques that provide insight into catalytic structures through surface analysis. Significant advances, including the application of computational techniques, in the study of catalysts are also discussed, focusing on state-of-the-art techniques that provide unprecedented detail on catalyst properties, mechanisms and processes. Comparative evaluations highlight the advantages and limitations of these techniques. The study concludes by identifying and overcoming challenges, anticipating prospects and emphasising the constant quest for innovation in understanding catalysts. By integrating developments in microscopic and spectroscopic methods, the study provides a comprehensive insight into how these tools improve the precision and depth of catalyst characterisation, driving innovation and future directions in catalysis research.
{"title":"Innovations in catalytic understanding: A journey through advanced characterization","authors":"Ifeanyi Michael Smarte Anekwe , Stephen Okiemute Akpasi , Emeka Michael Enemuo , Darlington Ashiegbu , Sherif Ishola Mustapha , Yusuf Makarfi Isa","doi":"10.1016/j.mtcata.2024.100061","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mtcata.2024.100061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work provides a comprehensive overview of advanced characterisation techniques to unravel the molecular intricacies of catalytic processes. It begins with an introduction to catalytic processes and emphasises the importance of innovations in characterisation techniques, including SEM, XRD, UV-Vis, FTIR, RAMAN, XPS, NMR, TEM, AFM and the combined application of these techniques for improved catalytic investigation. The review of the development of catalytic processes provides a historical overview of progress and examines paradigm shifts in catalytic mechanisms and catalyst categories. Conventional microscopic and spectroscopic tools are revisited, highlighting the improvements in these techniques that provide insight into catalytic structures through surface analysis. Significant advances, including the application of computational techniques, in the study of catalysts are also discussed, focusing on state-of-the-art techniques that provide unprecedented detail on catalyst properties, mechanisms and processes. Comparative evaluations highlight the advantages and limitations of these techniques. The study concludes by identifying and overcoming challenges, anticipating prospects and emphasising the constant quest for innovation in understanding catalysts. By integrating developments in microscopic and spectroscopic methods, the study provides a comprehensive insight into how these tools improve the precision and depth of catalyst characterisation, driving innovation and future directions in catalysis research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100892,"journal":{"name":"Materials Today Catalysis","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100061"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949754X24000231/pdfft?md5=eda9c71863431be2bd77dc1b0173f6ef&pid=1-s2.0-S2949754X24000231-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142312189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.mtcata.2024.100060
Ziyang Gan , Rayantan Sadhukhan , Christof Neumann , Nandita Mohandas , Emad Najafidehaghani , Manuel Mundszinger , Johannes Biskupek , Ute Kaiser , Tharangattu N. Narayanan , Antony George , Andrey Turchanin
Emerging as a promising alternative to expensive platinum-based catalysts for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) stands out for its favourable thermodynamic properties. However, the catalytic activity of MoS2 is mostly confined to its edges while the basal plane remains inactive, limiting practical applicability. Fabrication of stable MoS2 structures with enhanced active sites on a given surface area still remains a complex task. Here we introduce a substrate-agnostic, metal-organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) method for large-area 3D dendritic nanostructures of 2D MoS2, termed as “MoS2 nanowalls”. Using scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM), we elucidate the growth mechanism of the MoS2 nanowalls and their branched dendritic structure. Even subjected to extreme pH environments (0 and 14) during the HER, the grown MoS2 nanowalls show remarkable stability even after >170 hours of continuous operation and exhibit excellent catalytic activity with 10 mAcm−2 current density achievable by applying low overpotentials (309±2 mV at pH = 0 and 272±2 mV at pH = 14). The presented large-area growth method for inexpensive MoS2 nanowall based catalyst can pave the way for practical applications of water electrolysis cells operating at low voltages (≤1.5 V).
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