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Function of the collecting electrode in a Van de Graaf generator 范德格拉夫发电机中收集电极的作用

Nuclear Instruments

Pub Date : 1958-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/0369-643X(58)90086-0

K.S. Subudhi

In the Van de Graaff electrostatic generator the electric charge at a high voltage is stored on a metallic collecting electrode. In 1933 Van de Graaff et al. stated that the spherical collecting electrode is similar to a Faraday's icepail. A new explanation of the generation of the high voltage in the above generator was presented in 1954 by Simon. It is based on a different fundamental principle, namely, the Volta's condensing electroscope principle. Simon concluded that if the spraying system is maintained at a constant potential, the collecting electrode will also attain a constant potential, the magnitude of which will be proportional to that of the spraying system. The factor of proportionality does not depend on the capacity of the collecting electrode but depends on the height of the machine. The results of the experiments performed on a self-exciting generator of Becker type indicate that the voltage of the generator does not depend on the metallic sphere and the voltage is increased as the height is increased even though the same collecting system is used. This is qualitatively in accordance with the Simon's theory.

在范德格拉夫静电发生器中，高电压下的电荷存储在金属收集电极上。1933年Van de Graaff等人指出球形收集电极类似于法拉第的冰桶。1954年，西蒙对上述发电机产生高压的原因提出了新的解释。它是基于一个不同的基本原理，即伏特的冷凝验电器原理。Simon得出结论，如果喷涂系统保持恒定电位，则收集电极也将获得恒定电位，其大小将与喷涂系统的大小成正比。比例系数不取决于收集电极的容量，而取决于机器的高度。在贝克式自激发电机上进行的实验结果表明，即使采用相同的收集系统，发电机的电压也不依赖于金属球，电压随高度的增加而增加。这在性质上与西蒙的理论是一致的。

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引用次数: 0

Aluminum proportional counter for the measurement of low fast neutron flux 用于测量低快中子通量的铝比例计数器

Nuclear Instruments

Pub Date : 1958-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/0369-643X(58)90082-3

R.N. Glover

A simple aluminium-walled proportional counter has been developed to measure low fast neutron flux by irradiation of the counter itself and subsequent counting of the β-rays from the 9.8 min Mg²⁷ activity produced by the (n,p) reaction. The operational characteristics are described and the sensitivity discussed. The counter is capable of detecting a fast neutron flux ≈ 10³ n·cm⁻²·sec⁻¹.

一种简单的铝壁比例计数器已经被开发出来，通过照射计数器本身和随后计数(n,p)反应产生的9.8 min Mg27活度产生的β射线来测量低快中子通量。描述了其工作特性，并讨论了其灵敏度。该计数器能够检测快中子通量≈103 n·cm−2·sec−1。

引用次数: 3

Multiple fast coincidence unit 多重快速符合装置

Nuclear Instruments

Pub Date : 1958-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/0369-643X(58)90085-9

Kristian Skarsvåg

A fast diode coincidence unit which can be driven by photomultiplier pulses is described. The coincidence circuit can be changed from a double to a triple or quadruple by a switch. A resolving time, τ, of about 3 mμsec with 100% efficiency can be achieved. The dead time following non-coincident and coincident input pulses are about 16 and 70 mμsec respectively.

介绍了一种可由光电倍增管脉冲驱动的快速二极管重合单元。符合电路可以通过开关从双符合电路变为三符合电路或四符合电路。解析时间τ约为3 μsec，效率为100%。非重合和重合输入脉冲后的死区时间分别约为16 μsec和70 μsec。

引用次数: 3

High resolution neutron time-of-flight experiments using the harwell 15 MeV linear electron accelerator 利用哈威尔15mev直线电子加速器进行高分辨率中子飞行时间实验

Nuclear Instruments

Pub Date : 1958-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/0369-643X(58)90081-1

F.W.K. Firk, G.W. Reid, J.F. Gallagher

A technique is described for producing neutron pulses of 0.25 μsec duration at 400 p.p.s. The electron gun of the Harwell 15 MeV linear accelerator is pulsed from an external modulator during the period of the normal radio frequency pulse of 2 μsec duration. Using timing channels of 0.2 μsec duration and a flight path of 31.8 m a nominal resolution of 8 mμsec m⁻¹ is obtained. The neutron output during the 0.25 μsec pulse is approximately 60% of the output obtained when using the normal 2 μsec electron pulse. Total cross section measurements using a bismuth sample demonstrate the improved resolution in the energy region of 10 to 20 keV.

本文描述了一种产生持续时间为0.25 μ秒、速度为400p.p.s的中子脉冲的技术。哈维尔15mev直线加速器的电子枪由外部调制器在持续时间为2 μ秒的正常射频脉冲周期内产生脉冲。利用0.2 μsec的时序通道和31.8 m的飞行路径，获得了8 μsec m−1的标称分辨率。在0.25 μ秒的脉冲中，中子输出大约是使用正常的2 μ秒电子脉冲时输出的60%。使用铋样品的总横截面测量表明，在10至20 keV的能量区域分辨率有所提高。

引用次数: 7

High resolution neutron time-of-flight experiments using the harwell 15 MeV linear electron accelerator 利用哈威尔15mev直线电子加速器进行高分辨率中子飞行时间实验

Nuclear Instruments

Pub Date : 1958-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/0369-643X(58)90081-1

F. Firk, G. W. Reid, J. F. Gallagher

引用次数: 7

Aluminum proportional counter for the measurement of low fast neutron flux 用于测量低快中子通量的铝比例计数器

Nuclear Instruments

Pub Date : 1958-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/0369-643X(58)90082-3

R. N. Glover

引用次数: 3

Photofission in fission chambers 裂变室中的光裂变

Nuclear Instruments

Pub Date : 1958-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/0369-643X(58)90083-5

R. N. Glover

引用次数: 2

Charge-storage pulse-height analyzers for use with pulsed accelerators 与脉冲加速器一起使用的电荷存储脉冲高度分析仪

Nuclear Instruments

Pub Date : 1958-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/0369-643X(58)90088-4

L. Costrell, R.E. Brueckmann

Storage type pulse-height analyzers for use with low duty cycle pulsed accelerators are discussed and an analyzer described that accomodates up to nine pulses in a single burst with a resolution of two microseconds. The pulses to be analyzed are temporarily stored as lines of charge on the face of a cathode ray tube and are analyzed by means of an electron beam that detects the charge discontinuity at the peak of the pulse. The pulse-height information is then permanently stored in a magnetic core memory.

讨论了用于低占空比脉冲加速器的存储型脉冲高度分析仪，并描述了一种在单次爆发中容纳多达9个脉冲的分析仪，分辨率为2微秒。待分析的脉冲被暂时存储为阴极射线管表面的电荷线，并通过电子束检测脉冲峰值处的电荷不连续来分析。然后，脉冲高度信息永久地存储在磁芯存储器中。

引用次数: 3

Photofission in fission chambers 裂变室中的光裂变

Nuclear Instruments

Pub Date : 1958-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/0369-643X(58)90083-5

R.N. Glover

During shielding measurements in water on LIDO a large discrepancy was observed between fast neutron flux measurements with fission chambers and those using activation techniques. This effect is shown to be due to photofission of the fissionable material in the chambers.

在LIDO的水中屏蔽测量中，使用裂变室的快中子通量测量与使用激活技术的快中子通量测量之间存在很大差异。这种效应被证明是由于室中可裂变物质的光裂变。

引用次数: 2

A nuclear method for determining very low vapor pressures 测定极低蒸汽压的核方法

Nuclear Instruments

Pub Date : 1958-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/0369-643X(58)90089-6

Mostafa F. Amr El-Sayed

引用次数: 0

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